JPH0244359B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0244359B2 JPH0244359B2 JP57199783A JP19978382A JPH0244359B2 JP H0244359 B2 JPH0244359 B2 JP H0244359B2 JP 57199783 A JP57199783 A JP 57199783A JP 19978382 A JP19978382 A JP 19978382A JP H0244359 B2 JPH0244359 B2 JP H0244359B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel oil
- polybutadiene
- hydroxyl
- terminated
- cfpp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
本発明は、流動性の改善された中留分燃料油組
成物に関する。
中留分燃料油の低温流動性改善のために灯油留
分を混合する方法は効果的である。しかし近年、
ジエツト燃料や家庭用燃料としての灯油需要が増
加してきたため、中留分燃料油への灯油混合をで
きるだけ減少させ、それに代つて低分子量エチレ
ン共重合体のような流動点降下剤を添加する試み
がなされている。しかしながら従来提案されてい
る流動点降下剤は、多くの場合低温過器目詰り
点（CFPP）を実質的に低下させる働きを有して
いなかつた。
例えば米国特許第3446740号明細書によれば、
ヒドロキシル末端ジエンポリマーを水素添加した
ものが鉱油の流動点降下剤となりうることが述べ
られている。具体的には該ヒドロキシル末端ジエ
ンポリマーとしては、１，４−不飽和結合の多い
ものしか記載されておらず、しかも流動点降下剤
として水素添加しないものは使用できない旨も述
べられている。本発明者らの検討によれば確かに
該公報明細書に具体的に開示されているヒドロキ
シル末端１，４−ポリブタジエンの水素添加物を
軽油の如き中留分燃料油に配合した場合に流動点
を低下させるという効果があることは確認してい
る。しかしながらCFPPを低下させるという効果
は実質的に認められなかつた。
本発明者らは、中留分燃料油の貯蔵装置などの
過器やスクリーンの目詰りを防止するため、さ
らに一層燃料油のCFPPを低下させる添加剤を検
討した結果、ヒドロキシル末端１，２−ポリブタ
ジエン又はその水素添加物であつて、特定分子量
と特定範囲の１，２−結合を有するものが効果的
であることを知つた。これら添加剤はまた油溶性
エチレン系共重合体と併用するときに一層中留分
燃料油のCFPPを低下させることを知つた。した
がつて本発明は、中留分燃料油ａに数平均分子量
が約1500ないし約3500のヒドロキシル末端１，２
−ポリブタジエン又はその水素添加物ｂの有効量
を配合してなる燃料油組成物であり、この組成物
には必要に応じ任意に油溶性エチレン共重合体ｃ
を配合することができる。
本発明が適用される中留分燃料油は、沸点が
150ないし500℃程度の範囲にあるものであつて、
その典型的なものは軽油、Ａ重油などである。燃
料油の種類によつて添加剤の添加効果が若干異な
つてくるが、本発明を適用するのにとくに効果の
大きい燃料油は、90％留出温度と初留点の差が
110℃以上、例えば200℃以下、好ましくは115な
いし190℃であつて、CFPPが−10℃ないし＋10
℃の範囲にあるものである。
本発明においては、中留分燃料油に配合する添
加剤としてはヒドロキシル末端１，２−ポリブタ
ジエン又はその水素添加物であつて、数平均分子
量が約1500ないし約3500のものが用いられる。こ
れに変えて前述の米国特許に開示されているよう
なヒドロキシル末端１，４−ポリブタジエン又は
その水素添加物を用いてもCFPP低下効果は殆ど
認められない。該米国特許においては、水素添加
物でなければ流動点低下に効果がない旨記載され
ているが、本願発明のヒドロキシル末端１，２−
ポリブタジエンを用いる場合には、前記分子量の
ものである限り水素添加されていないものでも流
動点の低下のみならずCFPPの低下にも効果があ
る。
ここに１，２−ポリブタジエンとは、１，２−
結合が少なくとも70％以上、好ましくは85％以上
存在するポリブタジエンであつて、30％未満、好
ましくは15％未満の量でトランス１，４−結合や
シス１，４−結合などが存在していてもよい。そ
してヒドロキシル末端１，２−ポリブタジエン
は、このような１，２−ポリブタジエン単位の少
なくとも片末端、好ましくは両末端にヒドロキシ
ル基単位を含有する基を有するものである。そし
てその水素添加物としては、不飽和結合の一部又
は全部が水素添加されたものである。換言すれば
ヒドロキシル基として前記ヒドロキシル基末端
１，２−ポリブタジエン又はその水素添加物一分
子当り、平均１個以上、好ましくは１，３ないし
3.0個、一層好ましくは約1.5ないし2.5個有するも
のが好ましい。
ヒドロキシル末端１，２−ポリブタジエン又は
その水素添加物として、その数平均分子量が約
1500ないし約3500、好ましくは約1600ないし約
3200の範囲になければならない。数平均分子量が
上記範囲より小さいものでも大きいものでも
CFPP低下の効果が小さいもので本発明において
は使用されない。
中留分燃料油ａの種類によつては、上記の如き
ヒドロキシル末端１，２−ポリブタジエン又はそ
の水素添加物ｂを配合しても、その配合効果が小
さい場合があるが、このようなときには油溶性エ
チレン系共重合体ｃを併用するとCFPPの低下が
顕著となる。上記油溶性エチレン系共重合体は、
それ自身単独で中留分燃料油ａに配合しても一部
の例外を除き、（例えば特公昭60−35395号公報）
CFPPをほとんど低下させない場合が多い。なお
これら油溶性エチレン系共重合体を併用配合する
際、前記ｂに変えて分子量がｂのものと異なるも
のを用いたり、あるいは１，２−結合の少ないポ
リブタジエンやヒドロキシル末端１，４−ポリブ
タジエン又はその水素添加物などを用いても、
CFPP低下効果はほとんど認められない。
本発明で用いることのできる油溶性エチレン共
重合体は、通常エチレンを65ないし95モル％、好
ましくは70ないし93モル％含有するエチレンと炭
素数３以上のオレフインの共重合体又はエチレン
とビニル共重合体であり、室温において少なくと
も１ｇ／ｌ以上の割合で燃料油に溶解することが
できる。数平均分子量は通常1000ないし50000、
好ましくは1500ないし20000を示す。共重合体の
構成モノマーとなり得る上記炭素数３以上のオレ
フインとしては、例えばプロピレン、１−ブテ
ン、１−ペンテン、１−ヘキセン、１−オクテ
ン、１−デセン、１−テトラデセン、４−メチル
−１−ペンテン、これら任意の２種以上のものな
どを例示することができる。また前記ビニル単量
体としては、酢酸ビニル、アクリル酸メチル、ア
クリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸メチルなどを例示
することができる。
本発明においてヒドロキシル末端１，２−ポリ
ブタジエン又はその水素添加物ｂの有効な配合量
は、中留分燃料油の種類によつても異なるが、一
般には中留分燃料油100重量部に対し0.005ないし
0.1重量部、好ましくは0.01ないし0.06重量部程度
である。また油溶性エチレン系共重合体ｃを併用
する場合、その有効配合量は矢張り燃料油の種類
によつても異なるが、通常0.001ないし１重量部、
好ましくは0.003ないし0.05重量部程度である。
本発明の組成物には必要に応じ、腐食防止剤、
酸化防止剤、安定剤、分散剤、その他添加剤を含
有せしめることができる。
本発明によれば流動点及びCFPPの改良された
燃料組成物が提供できる。
次に実施例を示す。
実施例１〜10、比較例１〜17
燃料油100重量部に対し、各種添加剤を配合し
た場合のCFPPを測定した。使用した燃料油の性
状を第１表に、添加剤の性状を第２表に、原料燃
料油に対するCFPPの低下を△CFPPとして第３
表に示した。尚、CFPPはJournal of the
Institute Petroleum vol.52、No.510記載の方法に
したがつて測定した。
The present invention relates to middle distillate fuel oil compositions with improved flowability. A method of mixing kerosene fractions is effective for improving the low-temperature fluidity of middle distillate fuel oil. However, in recent years,
As the demand for kerosene as a jet fuel and household fuel has increased, attempts have been made to reduce the amount of kerosene mixed into middle distillate fuel oils as much as possible, and instead add pour point depressants such as low molecular weight ethylene copolymers. being done. However, the pour point depressants proposed in the past have often not had the ability to substantially lower the cryogenic filter plugging point (CFPP). For example, according to US Pat. No. 3,446,740,
It has been stated that hydrogenated hydroxyl terminated diene polymers can serve as pour point depressants for mineral oils. Specifically, as the hydroxyl-terminated diene polymer, only those with a large number of 1,4-unsaturated bonds are described, and it is also stated that those without hydrogenation cannot be used as pour point depressants. According to the studies of the present inventors, it is true that when the hydrogenated product of hydroxyl-terminated 1,4-polybutadiene specifically disclosed in the specification of the publication is blended with middle distillate fuel oil such as light oil, the pour point It has been confirmed that it has the effect of reducing However, the effect of lowering CFPP was not substantially observed. The present inventors investigated additives that further lower the CFPP of fuel oil in order to prevent clogging of filters and screens in storage devices for middle distillate fuel oil. It has been found that polybutadiene or its hydrogenated product having a specific molecular weight and a specific range of 1,2-bonds is effective. These additives have also been found to further lower the CFPP of middle distillate fuel oils when used in combination with oil-soluble ethylene-based copolymers. Therefore, the present invention provides middle distillate fuel oil a with a hydroxyl-terminated 1,2 having a number average molecular weight of about 1,500 to about 3,500.
- A fuel oil composition containing an effective amount of polybutadiene or its hydrogenated substance (b), which optionally contains an oil-soluble ethylene copolymer (c) as needed.
can be blended. The middle distillate fuel oil to which the present invention is applied has a boiling point of
It is in the range of about 150 to 500℃,
Typical examples include light oil and A heavy oil. The effect of adding additives will differ slightly depending on the type of fuel oil, but the fuel oils that are particularly effective for applying the present invention have a difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the initial boiling point.
110℃ or higher, for example 200℃ or lower, preferably 115 to 190℃, and CFPP is -10℃ to +10℃
It is in the range of ℃. In the present invention, the additive used in the middle distillate fuel oil is hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene or its hydrogenated product, which has a number average molecular weight of about 1,500 to about 3,500. Even if hydroxyl-terminated 1,4-polybutadiene or its hydrogenated product as disclosed in the above-mentioned US patent is used instead, almost no effect on lowering CFPP is observed. Although the US patent states that no hydrogen additive is effective in lowering the pour point, the hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-
When polybutadiene is used, as long as it has the above molecular weight, even non-hydrogenated polybutadiene is effective in lowering not only pour point but also CFPP. Here, 1,2-polybutadiene means 1,2-
A polybutadiene containing at least 70%, preferably 85% or more of bonds, and less than 30%, preferably less than 15% of trans-1,4-bonds, cis-1,4-bonds, etc. Good too. The hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene has a group containing a hydroxyl group unit at at least one end, preferably both ends, of such a 1,2-polybutadiene unit. The hydrogenated product is one in which part or all of the unsaturated bonds are hydrogenated. In other words, the average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule of the hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene or its hydrogenated product is 1 or more, preferably 1,3 or more.
Preferably, it has 3.0, more preferably about 1.5 to 2.5. As hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene or its hydrogenated product, its number average molecular weight is approximately
1500 to about 3500, preferably about 1600 to about
Must be in the 3200 range. Even if the number average molecular weight is smaller or larger than the above range.
It is not used in the present invention because its effect on lowering CFPP is small. Depending on the type of middle distillate fuel oil (a), even if the above-mentioned hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene or its hydrogenated substance (b) is blended, the effect of blending it may be small; in such cases, the oil When soluble ethylene copolymer c is used in combination, CFPP decreases significantly. The above oil-soluble ethylene copolymer is
Even if it is blended alone with middle distillate fuel oil a, with some exceptions (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-35395)
In many cases, it does not significantly reduce CFPP. In addition, when blending these oil-soluble ethylene copolymers together, instead of b, one with a molecular weight different from b may be used, or polybutadiene with few 1,2-bonds, hydroxyl-terminated 1,4-polybutadiene, or Even if you use hydrogen additives etc.
Almost no CFPP lowering effect was observed. The oil-soluble ethylene copolymer that can be used in the present invention is a copolymer of ethylene and an olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms, or a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl copolymer containing usually 65 to 95 mol%, preferably 70 to 93 mol% of ethylene. It is a polymer and can be dissolved in fuel oil at a rate of at least 1 g/l at room temperature. Number average molecular weight is usually 1000 to 50000,
Preferably it shows 1500 to 20000. Examples of the olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms that can be a constituent monomer of the copolymer include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-tetradecene, 4-methyl-1 -pentene, two or more of these arbitrary types, etc. can be exemplified. Examples of the vinyl monomer include vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate. In the present invention, the effective amount of hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene or its hydrogenated compound b varies depending on the type of middle distillate fuel oil, but is generally 0.005 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of middle distillate fuel oil. No
The amount is about 0.1 part by weight, preferably about 0.01 to 0.06 part by weight. In addition, when oil-soluble ethylene copolymer c is used in combination, its effective amount varies depending on the type of fuel oil, but is usually 0.001 to 1 part by weight,
The amount is preferably about 0.003 to 0.05 parts by weight. The composition of the present invention optionally contains a corrosion inhibitor,
Antioxidants, stabilizers, dispersants, and other additives can be contained. According to the present invention, a fuel composition with improved pour point and CFPP can be provided. Next, examples will be shown. Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 to 17 CFPP was measured when various additives were blended with 100 parts by weight of fuel oil. The properties of the fuel oil used are shown in Table 1, the properties of the additives are shown in Table 2, and the decrease in CFPP relative to the raw fuel oil is shown in Table 3 as △CFPP.
Shown in the table. Furthermore, CFPP is a Journal of the
It was measured according to the method described in Institute Petroleum vol.52, No.510.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
し約3500、１，２−結合が70％以上のヒドロキシ
ル末端１，２−ポリブタジエン又はその水素添加
物ｂの有効量を配合してなる燃料油組成物。 ２ 中留分燃料油ａに数平均分子量が約1500ない
し約3500、１，２−結合が70％以上のヒドロキシ
ル末端１，２−ポリブタジエン又はその水素添加
物ｂ及び油溶性エチレン系共重合体ｃのそれぞれ
有効量を配合してなる燃料油組成物。[Scope of Claims] 1. An effective amount of hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of about 1500 to about 3500 and 70% or more of 1,2-bonds or its hydrogenated product b in middle distillate fuel oil a. A fuel oil composition containing the following. 2 Middle distillate fuel oil a, hydroxyl-terminated 1,2-polybutadiene with a number average molecular weight of about 1500 to about 3500 and 70% or more of 1,2-bonds or its hydrogenated product b, and oil-soluble ethylene copolymer c A fuel oil composition containing effective amounts of each of the following.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19978382A JPS5991193A (en) | 1982-11-16 | 1982-11-16 | Fuel oil composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19978382A JPS5991193A (en) | 1982-11-16 | 1982-11-16 | Fuel oil composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5991193A JPS5991193A (en) | 1984-05-25 |
| JPH0244359B2 true JPH0244359B2 (en) | 1990-10-03 |
Family
ID=16413532
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19978382A Granted JPS5991193A (en) | 1982-11-16 | 1982-11-16 | Fuel oil composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5991193A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6128586A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-02-08 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | Smoke-reducing agent for combustible material |
| JPS6270487A (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1987-03-31 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Fuel oil composition and method of operating combustion device using same |
| CN102433176A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-05-02 | 北京兴有丰科科技发展有限公司 | Flow improver composition for diesel oil |
| CN102433175A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-05-02 | 北京兴有化工有限责任公司 | Diesel fluidity improver composition |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3446740A (en) * | 1967-10-25 | 1969-05-27 | Sinclair Research Inc | Mineral oil improved in pour point by hydrogenated hydroxy diene polymer |
| US3600311A (en) * | 1968-09-03 | 1971-08-17 | Petrolite Corp | Hydrocarbon systems containing branched alkyline polymers |
| JPS5652952A (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1981-05-12 | Siemens Ag | Data transmission circuit device |
-
1982
- 1982-11-16 JP JP19978382A patent/JPS5991193A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3446740A (en) * | 1967-10-25 | 1969-05-27 | Sinclair Research Inc | Mineral oil improved in pour point by hydrogenated hydroxy diene polymer |
| US3600311A (en) * | 1968-09-03 | 1971-08-17 | Petrolite Corp | Hydrocarbon systems containing branched alkyline polymers |
| JPS5652952A (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1981-05-12 | Siemens Ag | Data transmission circuit device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5991193A (en) | 1984-05-25 |
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