JPH0242800Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention is designed to prevent spring water from flowing from the primary lining concrete side by disposing a waterproof sheet between the primary lining concrete and secondary lining concrete of the tunnel. This invention relates to a waterproof structure for a tunnel that prevents water from seeping into the secondary lining concrete side.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in the tunnel lining section, as shown in Figure 1, a primary lining concrete b is cast on the ground a side, and a waterproof sheet c is attached to the primary lining concrete b using bolts, concrete nails, etc. After the waterproof sheet c is nailed and fixed, a secondary lining concrete d is placed on the waterproof sheet c, and the waterproof sheet c is interposed between the primary and secondary lining concrete b and d to drain spring water. By allowing drainage to flow down between the primary lining concrete b and the waterproof sheet c, spring water from the primary lining concrete b side is prevented from seeping into the secondary lining concrete d side.

In order to make it easier for the spring water from the primary lining concrete side to flow down between the primary lining concrete b and the waterproof sheet c, conventionally, the sheet itself is provided with unevenness to form water channels, or A waterproof sheet is used in which a non-woven fabric with water permeability and water retention is laminated on one side of a synthetic resin base material, or the non-woven fabric is fixed to the primary lining concrete in advance and a sheet-shaped waterproof sheet is further applied on top of that. Waterproof sheets are used that are stacked and fixed.

[The problem that the idea aims to solve]

However, since conventional waterproof sheets are mainly made of soft plastic sheets to provide flexibility, when bolts or concrete nails are driven in, or when tension is applied, the There was a problem that it was prone to tearing. In addition, conventional waterproof sheets required complicated construction work to achieve complete waterproofness, and there were also difficulties in ensuring the flow of spring water from the primary lining concrete.

The present invention was developed in view of the above circumstances, and is capable of ensuring sufficient water flow, and also prevents the waterproof sheet from tearing at the location where nails or other fixing members are driven into concrete. The purpose is to provide a waterproof structure for tunnels that can be securely fixed to concrete.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention stretches a waterproof sheet on the inner peripheral surface of the primary lining concrete of the tunnel, and fixes the waterproof sheet to the primary lining concrete using fixing members such as bolts and concrete nails. In addition, in a waterproof structure for a tunnel, a secondary lining concrete is placed on the waterproof sheet to prevent spring water from the primary lining concrete side from seeping into the secondary lining concrete side, The waterproof sheet is constructed by partially fixing a water-permeable sheet to one surface of the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet by heat fusion at a plurality of locations, and the water-permeable sheet is arranged toward the primary lining concrete. At the same time, a fixing member is driven into the other surface of the main body from a location corresponding to the heat-sealed portion, and the waterproof sheet is fixed to the primary lining concrete at the heat-sealed portion.

Here, as the water-impermeable base sheet, plastic sheets, rubber sheets, composite sheets laminated with metal foil, etc. can be used, but polyethylene sheets, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer sheets, etc. are particularly suitable. preferable.

In addition, water permeable sheets include polyethylene,
Nonwoven fabrics made of synthetic resins such as polypropylene, polyester, and nylon, and sheets made of open-cell foams such as polyvinyl oxide and polyurethane can be used.

[Effect]

The waterproof structure of the tunnel of this invention is arranged so that the permeable sheet side of the waterproof sheet faces the primary lining concrete side, and fixing members such as bolts and concrete nails are attached to the other side of the impermeable base sheet. The waterproof sheet is fixed by pouring it into the primary lining concrete from the location corresponding to the fused part.

When a waterproof sheet is installed in this way, spring water from the primary lining concrete side is prevented from leaking to the secondary lining concrete side mainly due to the impermeable base sheet, and spring water is prevented from leaking to the secondary lining concrete side. However, in this case, the waterproof sheet used in this invention does not have a water-permeable sheet such as non-woven fabric adhered to the entire surface of the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet, but a water-permeable sheet such as non-woven fabric etc. A water permeable sheet that allows spring water to pass through is created by partially fixing the water permeable sheet at multiple locations using heat fusion, and leaving other parts unattached so that it can be separated from the main body of the water impermeable base sheet. can fully demonstrate its functions. That is, in a conventional waterproof sheet in which a non-woven fabric is entirely adhered to a main body of a water-impermeable base sheet, the main body and the non-woven fabric are adhered over the entire laminated surface. For this reason, a water-impermeable bond is formed over the entire surface of the non-woven fabric from the adhesive surface to the non-woven fabric, reducing the effective cross-sectional area of the non-woven fabric through which water can permeate. had to be small in quantity. On the other hand, in the waterproof sheet used in the present invention, the heat-fused portion between the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet and the water-permeable sheet is small;
The amount of spring water permeating through the water-permeable sheet is large, and since the spring water also flows between the unbonded portions of the water-permeable sheet and the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet, the amount of water passing through is large.

In addition, in the tunnel waterproof structure of the present invention, the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet of the waterproof sheet and the water-permeable sheet are partially fixed by heat fusion, and a fixing member is driven into this heat fusion part to form the primary lining. Although it is fixed to concrete, the main body and the water-permeable sheet are integrated in the heat-fused part, which has high mechanical strength, so when the fixing member is driven in or tension is applied, The waterproof sheet is not torn or torn at the driving part of the fixing member, and the waterproof sheet is prevented from falling off from the inner peripheral wall of the concrete, and is firmly and reliably fixed to the concrete.

Furthermore, in this case, after the secondary lining concrete is placed, tension is applied to the waterproof sheet due to the pressure of the ground. At this time, the waterproof sheet formed by partially heat-sealing the main body and the water-permeable sheet described above has fewer restrictions on the water-permeable sheet for the main body, and
Since the subject has a considerable degree of freedom,
This has the effect that the main body stretches with the pressure of the ground, but since the fixing point of the waterproof sheet to the primary lining concrete is the heat-fused part where the main body and the water-permeable sheet are integrated, the main body can be expanded by driving the fixing member. The degree of freedom is not obstructed at all, and the original degree of freedom is maintained.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

1 in Figure 2 is a waterproof sheet that is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the primary lining concrete in the tunnel with nails, etc., and prevents spring water from leaking from the primary lining concrete side to the secondary lining concrete side. . This waterproof sheet 1 has a water-impermeable base sheet main body 2, and along both side edges of the upper surface, a plurality of synthetic resin ring-shaped frames 3 whose surfaces are coated with fluorescent paint are arranged along the lower periphery of the main body 2. A disc-shaped washer 5 with a concrete nail insertion hole 4 bored in the center is fitted inside the frame 3, and a disc-shaped washer 5 is inserted into the frame 3. A heat-fusible substance 6 is filled. In addition, as the heat-fusible substance 6,
Hot melt adhesives containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or the like as main raw materials are preferably used.

In FIG. 2, the water-permeable sheet 7 is stacked on the lower surface of the main body 2, and at a position corresponding to the frame 3 of the main body 2, the lower surface of the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 are partially stacked. is fixed by heat fusion to form a heat fusion part 9 shown in FIG.
Most of the stacked surface of the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 is left unbonded, so that an unbonded gap 8 can be formed between the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7. .

Next, to explain the case of installing the waterproof sheet 1 in a tunnel, as shown in FIG. Nails 11 are driven into the primary lining concrete 10 from the upper surface of the fusible material 6 through the nail insertion hole 4 of the washer 5 and the heat-sealed portion 9 of the waterproof sheet 1, thereby attaching the waterproof sheet 1 to the primary lining concrete 10. Fix it. Next, the heat-fusible material heat-fused to the head 12 of the nail 11 is injected using an injection device such as a hand gun, and the head 12 of the nail 11 is coated with the heat-fusible material coating 1.
3 to form a watertight coating.

The waterproof sheets 1 attached to the primary concrete lining 10 in this manner are interconnected by known means, and then a secondary concrete lining (not shown) is placed thereon.

In the waterproof sheet 1 of this embodiment, the water-permeable sheets 7 are stacked on the lower surface (one side) of the sheet main body 2, and the stacked surfaces are partially heat-sealed, so that the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheets 7 Most of the stacked surface is left unbonded as described above. Therefore, the water-impermeable heat-sealed portion 9 formed between the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 occupies only a small portion of the whole, and the water permeability of the water-permeable sheet 7 is impaired. Since the amount of water that permeates through the water-permeable sheet 7 is small, and most of the stacked surfaces of the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 are not bonded, the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 A gap can be formed between the two, and a large amount of water can flow through this gap.

In addition, since the frame 3 is heat-sealed to the upper surface (other surface) of the sheet main body 2 and the heat-sealable material 6 is filled therein, the nails 11 are driven through the heat-sealable material 6. The head 12 of the nail tends to be partially buried in the heat-fusible material 6, and therefore the heat-fusible material 6 is attached to the nail 1.
When the head 12 of the head 1 is injected using a handgun or the like, the coating 13 can be easily formed to cover the head 12, and since the coating 13 and the heat-fusible material 6 are of the same quality, they do not interact with each other. Forms a film with good adhesion and watertightness. Therefore, there is no risk of spring water leaking from the primary lining concrete 10 side to the secondary lining concrete side through the driving portion of the nail 11, and the waterproofing of the waterproof sheet 1 of this embodiment is reliable.

Furthermore, the lower surface (one surface) of the main body 2 corresponding to the frame 3
A small heat-sealed part 9 is formed on the side,
Since this thermally fused portion 9 has a high mechanical strength, when the waterproof sheet 1 is fixed to the inner circumferential wall of the primary lining concrete 10 with nails 11 or when tension is applied to the waterproof sheet 1, the waterproof sheet 1 is There have been no accidents where the concrete 10 breaks at the pouring part and falls off the inner circumferential wall of the concrete 10.

In addition, the heads of lock bolts normally used when placing primary lining concrete often protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the primary lining concrete 10, and the waterproof sheet is often damaged by the heads of these lock bolts. In order to prevent this, conventionally the head has been covered with a non-woven fabric, but this is time consuming. On the other hand, according to the waterproof sheet of this embodiment, it can be attached to the inner circumferential wall of the primary lining concrete 10 as is, and in this case, only a portion of the water-permeable sheet 7 is damaged, but the sheet main body 2 is not damaged. Therefore, installing the tarpaulin sheet is easy.

Furthermore, after the secondary lining concrete is placed, tension is applied to the waterproof sheet due to the pressure of the ground, but in the case of a conventional waterproof sheet in which non-woven fabric is bonded to the entire surface of the sheet, the sheet itself stretches. Although the degree of elongation is relatively high, since the nonwoven fabric with a small degree of elongation is adhesively formed on the entire surface, the nonwoven fabric is damaged and the sheet itself is damaged. In contrast, according to the waterproof sheet 1 of this embodiment, even if the water-permeable sheet 7 made of non-woven fabric or the like with a relatively small degree of elongation is damaged by the pressure of the ground, the water-impermeable base sheet 2
Since this is point adhesion, the main body of the impermeable base sheet 2 stretches with the pressure of the ground, so the waterproof sheet 1
The damage is minimal. Moreover, since the driving part of the nail 11 is the heat-sealed part 9, the degree of freedom of the main body 2 is not hindered by driving the nail 11.
It maintains the first degree of freedom.

In addition, since the frame body 3 is coated with fluorescent paint, the nails 11 can be used even in a relatively dimly lit tunnel.
The driving location can be easily confirmed and the workability is good.

Furthermore, when manufacturing the waterproof sheet 1, when the frame body 3 is heat-fused to the upper surface of the sheet main body 2,
While the frame body 3 is fused to the upper surface of the sheet main body 2,
Since the lower surface of the sheet main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 facing thereto are simultaneously thermally fused by residual heat passing through the sheet main body 2, the manufacturing process is simplified and manufacturing efficiency is improved.

In this embodiment, the frame body 3 and the adhesive portion 9 are provided on both sides of the sheet main body 2 in correspondence with each other, but the frame body 3 and the heat-fusible material 6 may be omitted depending on the case. Furthermore, when fixing the waterproof sheet 1 to the inner peripheral wall of the primary lining concrete 10, nails 1 are
The means for forming the coating 13 covering the head 12 of 1 also includes:
The method is not limited to injecting the heat-fused material 6 that has been heat-fused, but can also be heat-fused by, for example, heating the vicinity of the head 12 of the nail 11 driven through the heat-fusible material 6 in the frame 3 with a burner or the like. The heat-fusible material 6 may be melted, thereby causing the heat-fusible material 6 to become fluid and cover the head 12, and various other modifications may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[Effect of idea]

As explained above, according to the tunnel waterproof structure of the present invention, spring water from the primary lining concrete side can be absorbed into the water-permeable sheet of the waterproof sheet and the unbonded parts between the water-permeable sheet and the main body of the impermeable base sheet. Since the spring water flows down between the two, the amount of permeation of the spring water is large. In addition, when fixing a waterproof sheet to the primary lining concrete, the fixing member is driven through the heat-fused part between the main body of the sheet and the water-permeable sheet. Because of the high mechanical strength, the waterproof sheet is prevented from tearing or tearing at the location where the fixing member is driven, and there is no accident of the waterproof sheet falling off. Furthermore, since the fixing member is driven into the heat-sealed area between the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet and the water-permeable sheet, in addition to the effect of partially heat-sealing the main body and the water-permeable sheet, Securing the degree of freedom of the main body, in which the main body stretches when tension is applied to the waterproof sheet due to the pressure of the ground, is not impaired by driving the fixing member.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a tunnel lining section where a waterproof sheet is installed, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the waterproof sheet used in the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a -
FIG. 4 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of the tunnel waterproof structure according to the present invention, showing a mode in which the same example is fixed to the inner circumferential wall of the primary lining concrete. 1... Tarpaulin sheet, 2... Sheet main body, 7...
Water permeable sheet, 9... Heat fused portion, 10... Primary lining concrete.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A waterproof sheet is stretched over the inner peripheral surface of the primary lining concrete of the tunnel, and the waterproof sheet is nailed and fixed to the primary lining concrete using fixing members such as bolts and concrete nails, and a secondary lining is applied to the waterproof sheet. In a tunnel waterproof structure in which concrete is poured to prevent spring water from seeping from the primary lining concrete side into the secondary lining concrete side, the waterproof sheet is replaced with an impermeable base sheet. A water-permeable sheet is partially fixed to one surface of the main body by heat fusion at a plurality of places, and the water-permeable sheet is disposed facing the primary lining concrete side, and the water-permeable sheet is disposed toward the primary lining concrete side, and A waterproof structure for a tunnel, characterized in that a fixing member is driven from a location corresponding to a heat-fused portion, and a waterproof sheet is fixed to primary lining concrete at the heat-fused portion.