JPH0241338B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0241338B2 JPH0241338B2 JP57210048A JP21004882A JPH0241338B2 JP H0241338 B2 JPH0241338 B2 JP H0241338B2 JP 57210048 A JP57210048 A JP 57210048A JP 21004882 A JP21004882 A JP 21004882A JP H0241338 B2 JPH0241338 B2 JP H0241338B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- plasma
- cylinder
- separation membrane
- piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010010075 Coma hepatic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010070863 Toxicity to various agents Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008081 blood perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002637 fluid replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001059 hepatic coma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007386 hepatic encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〈技術分野〉
本発明は血液処理装置、詳しくは、血液中の血
球成分の通過を阻止し、血漿成分を通過させる多
孔性の血漿分離膜により、血液流から血漿成分を
分離し、この血漿成分中の不要な物質を除去した
後、再び血漿分離膜を介して血液流に合流させる
血液処理装置に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention <Technical Field> The present invention relates to a blood processing device, and more particularly, a porous plasma separation membrane that blocks the passage of blood cell components in blood and allows plasma components to pass through, thereby separating plasma components from a blood stream. The present invention relates to a blood processing device that separates plasma components, removes unnecessary substances from the plasma components, and then rejoins the blood flow through a plasma separation membrane.
〈従来技術〉
血液処理剤を用いて血液を処理する方法として
は、従来
１ 直接血液潅流方式（以下DHP方式という）
２ 血漿潅流方式（以下PP方式という）
血漿分離器によつて分離された血漿成分をポ
ンプにて別の血液処理剤充填容器に送入し処理
したのちミクロフイルタを通して血液に返送す
る。<Prior art> Conventional methods for treating blood using blood treatment agents include: 1. Direct blood perfusion method (hereinafter referred to as DHP method) 2. Plasma perfusion method (hereinafter referred to as PP method) Plasma separated by a plasma separator The components are pumped into another blood treatment agent-filled container, treated, and then returned to the blood through a microfilter.
３ 膜型血漿分離器と血液処理剤を一体化し上記
PP方式の機能を行う方式（以下CPP方式とい
う）
などが報告され、（例えば、特開昭51−116096号
公報、人工臓器９巻２号、506〜509頁（1980
年））、特にDHP方式はすでに商品化されている。
しかしながらDHP方式では血液が直接血液処理
剤と接触するため血小板や白血球の減少、血栓の
形成、溶血、血液処理剤微粉末の剥離などの問題
があり、その対策として血液処理剤を生体適合性
の良好な物質でコーテイングするなどの方法が取
られたりしているが、コーテイング剤による効率
の低下、製造面での複雑化は避けることができな
いのが現状である。3 Integrating the membrane-type plasma separator and blood processing agent to achieve the above
A method that performs the function of the PP method (hereinafter referred to as the CPP method) has been reported (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 116096/1983, Artificial Organs Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 506-509 (1980
(2013)), especially the DHP method, which has already been commercialized.
However, with the DHP method, blood comes into direct contact with the blood treatment agent, resulting in problems such as a decrease in platelets and white blood cells, formation of thrombi, hemolysis, and peeling off of the fine powder of the blood treatment agent. Although methods such as coating with a good material have been taken, the current situation is that it is unavoidable that the coating agent reduces efficiency and complicates the manufacturing process.
２のPP方式では血液と血液処理剤との直接接
触はないため前述した血球成分の変性はないが、
血液処理剤容器を血漿側回路内に別途設けるため
の送液ポンプや、処理後の血漿を血液内に戻す時
に微粉末を除去するためのマイクロフイルタが必
要になるなど回路系を含めた装置の複雑化や血液
の体外循環量が多くなるなどの難点がある。 In the second PP method, there is no direct contact between the blood and the blood treatment agent, so there is no denaturation of the blood cell components mentioned above.
The equipment, including the circuit system, requires a liquid pump to separately install a blood treatment agent container in the plasma side circuit, and a microfilter to remove fine powder when returning the treated plasma to the blood. There are disadvantages such as complications and increased extracorporeal circulation of blood.
３のCPP方式は血液と血液処理剤との直接接
触もなく微粉末の問題も血漿分離膜がマイクロフ
イルタとしての役割を果たすため解消されるなど
有利な方式であるので、中空系膜を用いたものや
平板膜を用いたものが考えられている。この方式
としては、血液ポンプ等により血液側流路内に血
液を通過させる間に第１図に示すような、いわゆ
る透析膜１による拡散を利用して溶質を処理する
方法と第２図に示すような高濾過膜２を利用した
血漿成分の充填層３内への流出および充填層３か
ら膜２内の血液流路４への流入を行わせて血液処
理剤による処理を行わせる方法があるが、前者は
PP方式ではなく中分子量以上の物質の処理には
適当でない。また、後者もこのままでは前述した
ような血漿成分の充填層３に対する流出、流入が
血液流路４の形状すなわち血液流路４側圧力抵抗
と分離膜２の透過抵抗との比率によつて決まるた
め効果的で安定な充填層３内の血漿の流れを得る
ことはきわめて困難であり実用的とはいい難い。
更に、充填層３内での血漿の流れは第２図の矢印
で示されるように血液入口側で血液流路４から充
填層３内に流入し、出口側で充填層３から血液流
路４へ流入するという単純な流れとなるため、従
つて、入口側の膜が濾過にあずかるだけで本来の
有効濾過面積は半分程度で、残りの半分は回収用
面積となるため、入口側血液流路４内にたん白ゲ
ル層の形成が起こり、実質的な有効膜面積の低下
となつて安定した血液の透過が得られなくなると
いう重大な難点がある。 The CPP method described in 3 is an advantageous method in that there is no direct contact between the blood and the blood treatment agent, and the problem of fine powder is solved because the plasma separation membrane plays the role of a microfilter. A method using a thin film or a flat film is being considered. This method involves treating solutes by utilizing diffusion through a so-called dialysis membrane 1, as shown in FIG. 1, while blood is passed through the blood-side channel by a blood pump, etc., and as shown in FIG. There is a method of using a high filtration membrane 2 such as this to cause plasma components to flow into the packed bed 3 and flow from the packed bed 3 into the blood flow path 4 in the membrane 2, thereby performing treatment with a blood treatment agent. However, the former
It is not a PP method and is not suitable for processing substances with medium molecular weight or higher. In addition, in the latter case, as described above, the outflow and inflow of plasma components into the packed bed 3 is determined by the shape of the blood flow path 4, that is, the ratio of the pressure resistance on the blood flow path 4 side and the permeation resistance of the separation membrane 2. Obtaining an effective and stable flow of plasma within the packed bed 3 is extremely difficult and cannot be said to be practical.
Furthermore, the flow of plasma within the packed bed 3 is as shown by the arrow in FIG. Therefore, since the membrane on the inlet side only participates in filtration, the original effective filtration area is about half, and the remaining half is the area for collection, so the blood flow path on the inlet side There is a serious drawback in that a protein gel layer is formed within the membrane, resulting in a substantial reduction in the effective membrane area and making it impossible to achieve stable blood permeation.
〈発明の目的〉
本発明は上記従来技術の欠点を解消し、高血液
処理性能を長期間に亘つて安定して保持しうる血
液処理装置の提供を目的とする。<Objective of the Invention> An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the above-mentioned conventional techniques and to provide a blood processing device that can stably maintain high blood processing performance over a long period of time.
〈発明の構成〉
本発明は血液流路と血漿分離膜で隔てられた血
液処理剤充填層側に、外部からの機械的加圧減圧
手段により圧力変動を強制的に生ぜしめ、これに
より血漿成分を血漿分離膜を介した血液流路と血
液処理剤充填層間で、前記圧力変動により移動さ
せることを基本的特徴とするものである。<Structure of the Invention> The present invention forcibly generates pressure fluctuations on the side of the blood treatment agent-filled bed separated by the blood flow path and the plasma separation membrane using external mechanical pressurization and depressurization means, thereby separating plasma components. The basic feature is that the blood is moved between the blood flow path via the plasma separation membrane and the blood treatment agent packed bed by the pressure fluctuation.
〈実施例〉
第３図は本発明の血液処理装置１０が適用され
る血液循環系の一例を示したもので、血液は血液
タンク１１から血液ポンプ１２により気泡トラツ
プ１３を経て血液処理装置１０に導入され、所定
の血液処理が施された後、気泡トラツプ１４を経
て血液タンク１１に戻る。血液タンク１１として
は人体等が該当する。<Embodiment> FIG. 3 shows an example of a blood circulation system to which the blood processing device 10 of the present invention is applied. Blood is transferred from a blood tank 11 to the blood processing device 10 by a blood pump 12 via a bubble trap 13. After the blood is introduced and subjected to a predetermined treatment, it returns to the blood tank 11 via the bubble trap 14. The blood tank 11 corresponds to a human body or the like.
第４図は本発明の血液処理装置の第１の実施例
を示す。装置のケース２１には被処理血液をケー
ス２１内へ導入する入口２２と処理ずみの血液を
ケース２１外へ排出する出口２３が設けられてい
る。そしてケース２１内には血液流路２４とそれ
に組合された血液処理剤の充填層２５が設けられ
ている。血液流路２４はその壁が多孔質膜からな
る血漿分離膜２６で構成されており、入口２２か
ら導入された血液を出口２３側へ導く。前記充填
層２５はケース２１内の前記血液流路２４の血漿
分離膜２６の外側空間部を占めており、分離膜２
６、ケース２１、及び入口２２側と出口２３側に
設けた隔離部材２７により血液処理剤の血液流へ
の流出が防止されている。ケース２１に対してそ
の外部に機械的加圧減圧手段であるシリンダ２８
及びシリンダ２８内を往復運動するピストン２９
が設けられている。シリンダ２８は導管３０によ
りケース２１に接続され、シリンダ２８内の圧力
変動用媒体が導管３０を通り、フイルタ３１を介
して充填層２５に流出入できるようになされてい
る。圧力変動用媒体としては血漿が用いられる。
ピストン２９の駆動手段３２は種々の公知の駆動
手段を適用できる。 FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment of the blood processing apparatus of the present invention. A case 21 of the apparatus is provided with an inlet 22 for introducing blood to be treated into the case 21 and an outlet 23 for discharging treated blood out of the case 21. In the case 21, a blood flow path 24 and a blood treatment agent filling layer 25 combined therewith are provided. The blood flow path 24 has a wall composed of a plasma separation membrane 26 made of a porous membrane, and guides blood introduced from the inlet 22 to the outlet 23 side. The packed layer 25 occupies a space outside the plasma separation membrane 26 of the blood flow path 24 in the case 21, and
6. The case 21 and isolation members 27 provided on the inlet 22 side and the outlet 23 side prevent the blood treatment agent from flowing into the blood stream. A cylinder 28, which is a mechanical pressurization and decompression means, is provided externally to the case 21.
and a piston 29 that reciprocates within the cylinder 28.
is provided. The cylinder 28 is connected to the case 21 by a conduit 30 so that the pressure varying medium in the cylinder 28 can flow into and out of the packed bed 25 through the conduit 30 and through the filter 31 . Plasma is used as the medium for pressure fluctuation.
As the driving means 32 for the piston 29, various known driving means can be applied.
この実施装置において、患者から送られてきた
血液は入口２２から入り、血漿分離膜２６の内
部、すなわち血液流路２４を通り、出口２３から
出て患者に戻されるが、血液流路２４を通過して
いる間に、ピストン２９の往復運動に伴う充填層
２５内の圧力の往復変動により、血漿成分が、図
の矢印で示されるように、分離膜２６全域で強制
的に出入りする。今、ピストン２９を後退運動さ
せると、充填層２５内から導管３０側へ媒体が流
出し、このため充填層２５の圧力が低下し、これ
により血液流路２４中の血漿成分が膜２６全域で
充填層２５側へ流出する。流出した血漿成分は充
填層２５の血液処理剤に接触し、除去されるべき
物質等が吸着或いは反応等により処理される。次
にピストン２９を前進運動させると、導管３０か
ら媒体が充填層２５側へ流入し、充填層２５内の
圧力が増加する。このため処理された血漿成分が
再び血漿分離膜２６全域で血液流路２４へ流入
し、血液と合流する。この血漿成分の分離膜２６
を介した往復移動は必要に応じて血液が血液流路
２４を通過中、１回ないし複数回繰り返される。
本実施例において、血液流路２４は多孔質の中空
系からなる毛細管で構成することができる。すな
わち、この場合、中空糸自体が血漿分離膜２６と
なり、中空糸の内孔が血液流路となる。この中空
糸を多数本束にして用いることにより、多数の血
液流路２４を有する総膜面積の大なる膜モジユー
ルとして使用できる。血漿分離膜２６は血液中の
血球成分の透過を阻止するため0.1〜2.0μ程度の
多孔性膜とするが、血液処理剤の粒径等に応じ
て、それより小さい孔径で適当に選択できる。ま
た血液処理剤は血漿成分から除去したい物質に応
じて、吸着剤、酵素、その他適当なものを選択で
きる。また、導管３０は複数個配置することによ
り、媒体の流出入を円滑にすることができる。 In this implementation device, blood sent from the patient enters through the inlet 22, passes through the inside of the plasma separation membrane 26, that is, the blood flow path 24, exits through the outlet 23, and is returned to the patient, but passes through the blood flow path 24. During this time, due to the reciprocating fluctuations in the pressure within the packed bed 25 due to the reciprocating motion of the piston 29, plasma components are forced to move in and out across the separation membrane 26, as shown by the arrows in the figure. Now, when the piston 29 is moved backward, the medium flows out from inside the packed bed 25 to the conduit 30 side, which reduces the pressure in the packed bed 25, and this causes the plasma components in the blood flow path 24 to spread across the membrane 26. It flows out to the packed bed 25 side. The discharged plasma components come into contact with the blood treatment agent in the packed bed 25, and substances to be removed are treated by adsorption, reaction, or the like. Next, when the piston 29 is moved forward, the medium flows from the conduit 30 toward the packed bed 25, and the pressure inside the packed bed 25 increases. Therefore, the treated plasma components again flow into the blood flow path 24 across the plasma separation membrane 26 and merge with the blood. This plasma component separation membrane 26
The reciprocating movement through the blood flow path 24 is repeated one or more times as necessary while the blood is passing through the blood flow path 24.
In this embodiment, the blood flow path 24 can be constructed from a capillary tube made of a porous hollow system. That is, in this case, the hollow fiber itself becomes the plasma separation membrane 26, and the inner hole of the hollow fiber becomes the blood flow path. By using a large number of these hollow fibers in a bundle, it can be used as a membrane module having a large number of blood flow channels 24 and a large total membrane area. The plasma separation membrane 26 is a porous membrane of about 0.1 to 2.0 μm in order to prevent the permeation of blood cell components in the blood, but a smaller pore size can be appropriately selected depending on the particle size of the blood treatment agent, etc. Further, as the blood treatment agent, adsorbents, enzymes, and other appropriate agents can be selected depending on the substance to be removed from plasma components. Further, by arranging a plurality of conduits 30, the medium can flow in and out smoothly.
第５図に本発明の血液処理装置の第２の実施例
を示す。この実施例では、ケース２１の内側に圧
力変動用の媒体を導入する導入室３３を設け、こ
の導入室３３を導管３０を介して外部機械的加圧
減圧手段のシリンダ２８に接続すると共に、導入
室３３と血液処理剤充填層２５との境界を可撓性
シート部材３４で仕切つて密閉した構造としてい
る。すなわち、この実施例の場合、ピストン２９
を後退運動させると、圧力変動用媒体が導入室３
３から流出するので、室３３内の圧力が低下す
る。この圧力低下により可撓性シート部材３４が
導入室３３側へ膨出し、充填層２５内の圧力を低
下させる。これにより血液流路２４から血漿成分
が充填層２５内に流出し、血液処理剤と接触す
る。次にピストン２９を前進運動させると、媒体
が導管３０を通つて導入室３３に流入し、室３３
の圧力を増加させる。この圧力増加に伴つて可撓
性シート部材３４が充填層２５側へ膨出し、充填
層２５内の圧力を増加させる。これにより処理さ
れた血漿成分が膜２６を通つて血液流路２４へ戻
る。本実施例の場合、圧力変動用の媒体は、可撓
性シート部材３４で充填層２５から隔離されてい
るので、媒体の種類が限定されない利点がある。 FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the blood processing apparatus of the present invention. In this embodiment, an introduction chamber 33 for introducing a medium for pressure fluctuation is provided inside the case 21, and this introduction chamber 33 is connected via a conduit 30 to a cylinder 28 of an external mechanical pressure reduction means. The boundary between the chamber 33 and the blood treatment agent filled layer 25 is partitioned by a flexible sheet member 34 to form a hermetically sealed structure. That is, in this embodiment, the piston 29
When the is moved backward, the pressure fluctuation medium enters the introduction chamber 3.
3, the pressure inside chamber 33 decreases. This pressure drop causes the flexible sheet member 34 to bulge toward the introduction chamber 33, reducing the pressure within the packed bed 25. As a result, plasma components flow from the blood flow path 24 into the packed bed 25 and come into contact with the blood treatment agent. A forward movement of the piston 29 then causes the medium to flow into the introduction chamber 33 through the conduit 30 and into the chamber 33.
Increase the pressure. With this increase in pressure, the flexible sheet member 34 bulges toward the filling layer 25, increasing the pressure within the filling layer 25. This allows the treated plasma components to pass through membrane 26 and return to blood flow path 24 . In the case of this embodiment, since the medium for pressure fluctuation is isolated from the filling layer 25 by the flexible sheet member 34, there is an advantage that the type of medium is not limited.
第６図〜第８図は本発明の血漿処理装置に付属
設備を付加した実施例を示す。すなわち、第６図
に示す例は、逆止弁３５，３６を用いて圧力変動
用媒体のケース２１内への導入位置とケース２１
からの排出位置を変えたものである。 FIGS. 6 to 8 show an embodiment in which accessory equipment is added to the plasma processing apparatus of the present invention. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the introduction position of the pressure fluctuation medium into the case 21 and the case 21 are
The discharge position has been changed.
第７図に示す例は、水分等の除去手段３７を付
加した例である。血液処理剤の充填層２５に接続
される排出管３８と、逆止弁３９，４０、ピスト
ン４１及びシリンダ４２を用いて血漿成分から水
分等を定量的に除去する様にしたものである。 The example shown in FIG. 7 is an example in which a means 37 for removing water, etc. is added. Water and the like are quantitatively removed from plasma components using a discharge pipe 38 connected to the blood treatment agent filled bed 25, check valves 39, 40, a piston 41, and a cylinder 42.
第８図に示す例は、前記水分等の除去手段３７
に加えて、補液手段４３を付加した例である。タ
ンク４４内の補給用液は逆止弁４５，４６、ピス
トン４７及びシリンダ４８により充填層２５に定
量的に補給される。なお、以上の各実施例におい
ては、ピストンとシリンダを用いているが、機械
的加圧減圧手段としては、例えばローラポンプを
用いて順逆回転による加圧減圧等、その他の手段
を用いてもよいことは勿論である。 In the example shown in FIG. 8, the moisture removal means 37
In addition to this, this is an example in which a fluid replacement means 43 is added. The replenishment liquid in the tank 44 is quantitatively replenished into the packed bed 25 by check valves 45, 46, a piston 47, and a cylinder 48. In each of the above embodiments, a piston and a cylinder are used, but other means may be used as the mechanical pressurization and depressurization means, such as pressurization and depressurization by forward and reverse rotation using a roller pump, for example. Of course.
〈試験例〉 本発明の実験例は次の通りである。<Test example> Experimental examples of the present invention are as follows.
血液処理装置としては武田薬品工業株式会社製
人工腎臓SDシリーズの外ケースに導管をつけた
ものにENKA社製ポリプロピレン中空糸（内径
330μm、肉厚150μm、Max、孔径0.6μm）2500本
を入れた0.5m2のモジユールを試作し、血漿成分
側の空間部に血液処理剤として粒状活性炭50gを
入れ第３図に示した装置にて実験を行つた。 As a blood processing device, we used an artificial kidney SD series manufactured by Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. with a conduit attached to the outer case, and a polypropylene hollow fiber manufactured by ENKA (inner diameter
We prototyped a module of 0.5 m 2 containing 2,500 pieces (330 μm, wall thickness 150 μm, Max, pore size 0.6 μm), and put 50 g of granular activated carbon as a blood treatment agent in the space on the plasma component side and installed it in the apparatus shown in Figure 3. I conducted an experiment.
実験はヘマトクリツト35％の新鮮牛血を用い、
その血漿量に対してVB12、クレアチニン濃度が
各20mg／dlとなるように調製した。この血液２
を第３図に示す血液循環系にて２時間循環して吸
着処理を行い、各濃度の経時変化を測定した。比
較例としてはピストン手段を用いないものを併せ
て実験した。 The experiment used fresh bovine blood with a hematocrit of 35%.
The VB 12 and creatinine concentrations were adjusted to 20 mg/dl based on the plasma volume. this blood 2
was circulated for 2 hours in the blood circulation system shown in FIG. 3 for adsorption treatment, and changes in each concentration over time were measured. As a comparative example, an experiment was also conducted in which no piston means was used.
結果を第９図にVB12について、第１０図にク
レアチニンについて各々示した。実験で示したの
が本発明装置による結果で、破線で示したのが比
較例（加圧減圧手段なし）である。 The results are shown in FIG. 9 for VB 12 and in FIG. 10 for creatinine. The results shown in the experiment are the results obtained by the apparatus of the present invention, and the broken line shows the comparative example (without pressure reduction means).
図から明らかなように比較例に対する本発明の
効果があらわれている。 As is clear from the figure, the effect of the present invention over the comparative example appears.
即ちVB12では濃度が60％に低下するのに要す
る時間が比較例の120分に対し半分以下の55分で
あり、クレアチニンの場合でも濃度が30％に低下
するのに要する時間が比較例の120分に対し80分
というすぐれた効果が得られた。この方式により
治療時間の大幅な短縮が可能となる。 In other words, in the case of VB 12 , the time required for the concentration to decrease to 60% is 55 minutes, less than half of the 120 minutes in the comparative example, and even in the case of creatinine, the time required for the concentration to decrease to 30% is shorter than in the comparative example. Excellent effects were obtained in 80 minutes compared to 120 minutes. This method allows for a significant reduction in treatment time.
〈効果〉
本発明によれば、血液中からの血漿成分の分離
と、分離された血漿成分の血液処理剤による処理
を１つのケース内で行うと共に、血液流路と血漿
分離膜を介して接する血液処理剤充填層の圧力を
強制的に往復変動させる様にしたから、血液流路
から血漿分離膜を介した血液処理剤充填層側への
血漿の流出、及び充填層側から血液流路への流入
を非常に円滑に行うことができ、従つて血液処理
剤と血漿との接触も円滑かつ十分になされる結
果、血液処理時間が従来に比較して大幅に短縮で
きる。また、血漿の血漿分離膜を介した流出入は
分離膜全域で行われることとなるため、有効膜面
積は大きく、血液流路内にたん白ゲル層などの濾
過抵抗層の形成や分離膜の目づまりの発生が抑制
され、その結果長期間に亘つて安定した濾過性能
を維持することができる。<Effects> According to the present invention, separation of plasma components from blood and treatment of the separated plasma components with a blood treatment agent are performed in one case, and the blood flow path and plasma separation membrane are in contact with each other through the plasma separation membrane. Since the pressure of the blood processing agent packed bed is forcibly changed back and forth, plasma flows from the blood flow path to the blood processing agent filled bed side through the plasma separation membrane, and from the packed bed side to the blood flow path. As a result, blood processing time can be significantly shortened compared to the conventional method. In addition, since the flow of plasma through the plasma separation membrane occurs over the entire area of the separation membrane, the effective membrane area is large, and the formation of a filtration resistance layer such as a protein gel layer in the blood flow path and the separation membrane. The occurrence of clogging is suppressed, and as a result, stable filtration performance can be maintained for a long period of time.
その他、本発明の応用範囲は広く、定量的除水
装置、定量的補水装置とを付加することもでき、
また装置がコンパクトになり得るので、携帯型や
装置型も可能となる。他方、血液処理剤として活
性炭をはじめとする各種吸着剤や、固定化酵素、
免疫吸着剤などを用いることにより薬物中毒や肝
性昏睡、免疫関連疾患などの強力な治療手段とし
ての臨床応用が可能である。 In addition, the scope of application of the present invention is wide, and quantitative water removal equipment and quantitative water replenishment equipment can also be added.
Furthermore, since the device can be made compact, it can also be made portable or device-type. On the other hand, various adsorbents such as activated carbon, immobilized enzymes,
By using immunoadsorbents, it can be applied clinically as a powerful treatment for drug poisoning, hepatic coma, immune-related diseases, etc.
第１図、第２図は従来の装置における血液処理
剤への溶質の移動の様子を示す断面図、第３図は
本発明の装置が適用される血液循環系の一例を示
す構成図に部分断面図、第４図は本発明第１実施
例の装置の原理的な構造を示す一部断面図、第５
図は本発明の第２実施例の装置の原理的な構造を
示す一部断面図、第６図から第８図は本発明の応
用例を示す構成図、第９図、第１０図は本発明の
効果を示す特性図である。
２１……ケース、２２……血液の入口、２３…
…血液の出口、２４……血液流路、２５……血液
処理剤の充填層、２６……血漿分離膜、２８……
シリンダ、２９……ピストン、３３……圧力変動
用媒体の導入室、３４……可撓性シート部材。
FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views showing the movement of solutes into the blood treatment agent in a conventional device, and FIG. 3 is a partial configuration diagram showing an example of a blood circulation system to which the device of the present invention is applied. 4 is a partial sectional view showing the basic structure of the device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view.
The figure is a partial sectional view showing the principle structure of the device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, Figures 6 to 8 are configuration diagrams showing applied examples of the present invention, and Figures 9 and 10 are the main FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the effects of the invention. 21...Case, 22...Blood inlet, 23...
...Blood outlet, 24...Blood flow path, 25...Blood treatment agent packed layer, 26...Plasma separation membrane, 28...
Cylinder, 29...Piston, 33...Introduction chamber for pressure fluctuation medium, 34...Flexible sheet member.
Claims (1)
を通過させることのできる孔径を有する多孔性の
血漿分離膜により一旦血漿成分を分離し、この血
漿成分を血液処理剤と接触させた後に再び血漿分
離膜を介して血液流に戻すようにした血液処理装
置において、被処理血液の入口及び処理後の血液
の出口を有するケースと、該ケース内にあつて前
記血漿分離膜で形成されると共に前記入口から導
入された血液を出口側へ導く血液流路と、該血液
流路の前記血漿分離膜を隔てた外側に充填される
血液処理剤の充填層と、該充填層内の圧力を外部
から強制的に増減させる機械的加圧減圧手段とを
有することを特徴とする血液処理装置。 ２ 機械的加圧減圧手段はシリンダと該シリンダ
内を往復するピストンからなり、ピストンの往復
運動によりシリンダ内の圧力変動用媒体を充填層
内に流出入させる特許請求の範囲第１項記載の血
液処理装置。 ３ 機械的加圧減圧手段はシリンダと該シリンダ
内を往復するピストンからなり、ピストンの往復
運動によりシリンダ内の圧力変動用媒体を充填層
と可撓性シート部材で仕切られたケース内の導入
室へ流出入させる特許請求の範囲第１項記載の血
液処理装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. Plasma components are once separated using a porous plasma separation membrane having a pore size that blocks the passage of blood cell components in the blood and allows the passage of plasma components, and then the plasma components are used as a blood treatment agent. A blood processing device in which the blood is returned to the blood stream via a plasma separation membrane after being brought into contact with the blood, the case having an inlet for blood to be processed and an outlet for the blood after treatment, a blood flow channel formed of a membrane and guiding blood introduced from the inlet to the outlet side; a packed layer of a blood processing agent filled on the outside of the blood flow channel across from the plasma separation membrane; A blood processing device characterized by having a mechanical pressurization/depressurization means for forcibly increasing/decreasing the pressure within the layer from the outside. 2. The blood according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical pressurization and decompression means includes a cylinder and a piston that reciprocates within the cylinder, and the reciprocating movement of the piston causes the pressure fluctuation medium in the cylinder to flow in and out into the packed bed. Processing equipment. 3 The mechanical pressurization and depressurization means consists of a cylinder and a piston that reciprocates within the cylinder, and the reciprocating movement of the piston causes the pressure fluctuation medium in the cylinder to be transferred to an introduction chamber in a case partitioned by a packed bed and a flexible sheet member. The blood processing device according to claim 1, which allows the blood to flow into and out of the blood processing device.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57210048A JPS59101157A (en) | 1982-11-30 | 1982-11-30 | Blood treaating apparatus |
| EP83307302A EP0112094B1 (en) | 1982-11-30 | 1983-11-30 | Apparatus for blood treatment |
| CA000442257A CA1226821A (en) | 1982-11-30 | 1983-11-30 | Apparatus for blood treatment |
| DE8383307302T DE3371869D1 (en) | 1982-11-30 | 1983-11-30 | Apparatus for blood treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57210048A JPS59101157A (en) | 1982-11-30 | 1982-11-30 | Blood treaating apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59101157A JPS59101157A (en) | 1984-06-11 |
| JPH0241338B2 true JPH0241338B2 (en) | 1990-09-17 |
Family
ID=16582935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57210048A Granted JPS59101157A (en) | 1982-11-30 | 1982-11-30 | Blood treaating apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59101157A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-11-30 JP JP57210048A patent/JPS59101157A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59101157A (en) | 1984-06-11 |
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