JPH0240737B2 - TETSUKIZAIJOHENOKINZOKUKOOTEINGUHOHO - Google Patents
TETSUKIZAIJOHENOKINZOKUKOOTEINGUHOHOInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0240737B2 JPH0240737B2 JP21165388A JP21165388A JPH0240737B2 JP H0240737 B2 JPH0240737 B2 JP H0240737B2 JP 21165388 A JP21165388 A JP 21165388A JP 21165388 A JP21165388 A JP 21165388A JP H0240737 B2 JPH0240737 B2 JP H0240737B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- metal
- base material
- iron base
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、軟鋼などの鉄基材上へ、銅その他の
一般的にコーテイングが困難な金属をコーテイン
グする方法に関するものであり、さらに詳しく
は、車両のエンジンやミツシヨン、軸受部等で面
圧が高く耐摩耗性を必要とする部品、タービンブ
レードのように高耐酸化性が要求される部品、ま
たは高導電性金属のコーテイングにより電気関連
分野の部品に適用するのに好適な鉄基材上への金
属コーテイング方法に関するものである。
［従来の技術］
鉄基材上への金属コーテイング方法としては、
電気メツキ法、真空蒸着法、溶射、CVDまたは
PVD、あるいはスパツタリングなどがある。
しかしながら、例えば、銅のような金属は、鉄
基材の上に直接コーテイングすることが困難であ
り、たとえ電気メツキ等によつて被着できるとし
ても、両者の密着強度が非常に弱く、また厚いコ
ーテイング層を得ることはできない。さらに、高
真空状態でコーテイングする蒸着、スパツタリン
グ、CVD、あるいはPVDでは、皮膜そのものの
性能は優れているが、大型部品へのコーテイング
や、大量生産ができないという問題がある。ま
た、局部的に微小領域へ金属をコーテイングしよ
うとする場合、マスキングが必要となり、無駄な
労力を必要とする。
このような問題は、金や銀等のコーテイングを
行う場合も同様である。これは、コーテイングに
際して両者の金属間に拡散層が形成されないこと
に起因する。
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
本発明者は、このような鉄に対する密着強度が
劣る金属を、高真空状態での処理を必要とするこ
となく、拡散層を介して高い密着強度でコーテイ
ングすべく、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、助剤として
レーザー吸収性においてすぐれたBNを用い、そ
の存在下において高出力レーザーの照射によるコ
ーテイングを行うと、特殊な拡散層の形成により
極めてすぐれた密着強度のコーテイング膜が得ら
れることを確かめ、本発明をなすに至つたもので
ある。
従つて、本発明の目的は、本来鉄基材の表面に
コーテイングし難い金属を、簡単な手段ですぐれ
た密着強度をもたせてコーテイング可能にするこ
とにある。
［問題点を解決するための手段］
上記目的を達成するための本発明の方法は、鉄
基材上に、助剤としてのBNと、コーテイングす
べき金属の粉末とを塗着し、その表面に高出力レ
ーザーを照射することにより、鉄基材表面に
Fe2Bを主体とするコーテイング金属の拡散層を
形成させて上記金属のコーテイングを行うことを
特徴とするものである。
本発明の金属コーテイング方法をさらに具体的
に説明すると、本発明の方法は、特に鉄基材に対
してコーテイングが困難な金属を対象とし、その
コーテイングに際しては、助剤としてレーザー吸
収剤であるBNを用い、それに上記金属粉末を混
合し、エチルアルコール等の揮発性液体と共に混
練して泥状にしたものを鉄基材上に塗着する。
金属粉末に対するBNの混合比は、25〜50vol
％が望ましく、特に、30vol％程度が最も望まし
い。この混合比率が少なくても、また逆に多くて
も被膜生成は阻害される。また、BNの粒度は、
光エネルギ吸収性がよい３〜10μのものが被膜の
生成を助長する。
上記鉄基材上への金属粉末及び助剤の塗着は、
上述した泥状のものを適宜手段で塗布することに
より行うことができ、例えば鉄基材をそのまま泥
状液の中に浸漬してもよい。また、最初に鉄基材
表面に助剤であるBNをスプレーし、その上に金
属粉末を重ね、さらにその上にBNをスプレーそ
の他の方法で被着するなどの方法によることもで
きる。
このようにして金属粉末及び助剤を塗着した鉄
基材は、電気炉等において乾燥させるが、前述し
た脱脂・洗浄が不十分であれば、ここで塗布膜の
剥離が生起する。この乾燥後に、鉄基材の塗布膜
上に高出力レーザーを照射すると、瞬時に上記金
属のコーテイング膜が形成される。その際、接合
界面に数μｍのFe2Bを主体とするCu拡散層が形
成され、それによつて密着強度の高いコーテイン
グ膜が形成される。
上記接合界面の拡散層を形成するFe2Bは、そ
れ自体、比較的脆い材料であるが、拡散層が非常
に薄いものであるため、表面的に脆さが生じるよ
うなことはなく、むしろすぐれた破断強度を示す
ため、コーテイング膜の密着強度が非常に高くな
つて、10Kg／mm2またはそれ以上にも達し、簡単に
剥離することがないばかりでなく、その膜の被着
面に機械加工を施すこともできる。
照射する高出力レーザーとしては、高出力エネ
ルギが広領域で取り出せる炭酸ガスレーザーが適
し、それを広領域に照射するには、多数の分割さ
れたミラーによつて所要の位置に集光するインテ
グレーシヨンミラーや、ポリゴンミラーを使用
し、鉄基材に適当な送りを与えるとか、あるい
は、レーザーによつて鉄基材の表面をスキヤニン
グするなどの手段により、鉄基材における所要の
表面に照射する。また。局部的な微小領域に被膜
を生成させる場合には、集光レンズを用いて集光
することができ、適当なスポツト光を用いて加工
テーブルをNC化することにより、直線状、曲線
状、あるいはそれらを複合化した各種図形、模様
状に金属をコーテイングすることもできる。
高出力レーザーのパワーは、該条件に対応して
適切に設定される。
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method of coating copper and other metals that are generally difficult to coat onto iron base materials such as mild steel. Applicable to parts that require high surface pressure and wear resistance such as bearings, parts that require high oxidation resistance such as turbine blades, or parts in electrical fields that are coated with highly conductive metal. The present invention relates to a method of metal coating on a suitable ferrous substrate. [Prior art] As a metal coating method on a steel base material,
Electroplating method, vacuum evaporation method, thermal spraying, CVD or
Examples include PVD and sputtering. However, for example, it is difficult to directly coat a metal such as copper on an iron base material, and even if it can be coated by electroplating, the adhesion strength between the two is very weak, and if the metal is thick It is not possible to obtain a coating layer. Furthermore, in vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD, or PVD, which apply coatings under high vacuum conditions, the performance of the film itself is excellent, but there is a problem that it cannot be coated on large parts or mass-produced. Furthermore, when attempting to locally coat a minute area with metal, masking is required, which requires wasted effort. Such problems also occur when coating with gold, silver, or the like. This is due to the fact that no diffusion layer is formed between the two metals during coating. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present inventor has devised a method to coat a metal with poor adhesion strength to iron with high adhesion strength through a diffusion layer without requiring treatment in a high vacuum state. As a result of extensive research, we have found that by using BN, which has excellent laser absorption properties as an auxiliary agent, and coating with high-power laser irradiation in the presence of BN, extremely excellent adhesion strength is achieved due to the formation of a special diffusion layer. It was confirmed that a coating film of this type could be obtained, and the present invention was completed. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to coat the surface of an iron base material with a metal that is originally difficult to coat, with a simple method and with excellent adhesion strength. [Means for Solving the Problems] The method of the present invention for achieving the above object is to apply BN as an auxiliary agent and metal powder to be coated onto an iron base material, and coat the surface of the iron base material. By irradiating high-power laser to the iron base material surface,
This method is characterized in that a diffusion layer of a coating metal mainly composed of Fe 2 B is formed to coat the metal. To explain the metal coating method of the present invention more specifically, the method of the present invention targets metals that are difficult to coat, especially on iron base materials, and when coating the metal, a laser absorbent such as BN is used as an auxiliary agent. The metal powder is mixed therewith and kneaded with a volatile liquid such as ethyl alcohol to form a slurry, which is applied onto an iron base material. The mixing ratio of BN to metal powder is 25 to 50 vol.
%, particularly about 30 vol% is most desirable. Even if this mixing ratio is low, or conversely high, film formation is inhibited. In addition, the particle size of BN is
A material with a diameter of 3 to 10 microns, which has good light energy absorption properties, promotes the formation of a film. The application of the metal powder and auxiliary agent onto the above iron base material is as follows:
This can be done by applying the above-mentioned slurry by an appropriate means; for example, the iron base material may be immersed as it is in the slurry. Alternatively, it is also possible to first spray BN as an auxiliary agent onto the surface of the iron base material, layer the metal powder on top of that, and then apply BN on top of that by spraying or other methods. The iron base material coated with the metal powder and auxiliary agent in this manner is dried in an electric furnace or the like, but if the aforementioned degreasing and cleaning are insufficient, the coating film will peel off. After this drying, when a high-power laser is irradiated onto the coated film of the iron base material, the metal coating film is instantly formed. At this time, a Cu diffusion layer mainly composed of Fe 2 B of several micrometers is formed at the bonding interface, thereby forming a coating film with high adhesion strength. Fe 2 B, which forms the diffusion layer at the bonding interface mentioned above, is itself a relatively brittle material, but since the diffusion layer is very thin, there is no appearance of brittleness on the surface; Due to its excellent breaking strength, the adhesion strength of the coating film is extremely high, reaching 10Kg/ mm2 or more, and not only does it not peel off easily, but also mechanically adheres to the surface it adheres to. It can also be processed. As a high-power laser for irradiation, a carbon dioxide gas laser is suitable because it can extract high-output energy over a wide area.In order to irradiate a wide area, an integration method that uses many divided mirrors to focus the light on the desired position is recommended. Irradiation is applied to the desired surface of the iron base material by using a mirror or a polygon mirror to give the iron base material an appropriate feed, or by scanning the surface of the iron base material with a laser. Also. When forming a film on a localized micro area, it is possible to focus the light using a condensing lens, and by using an appropriate spot light and converting the processing table to NC, it can be formed into a straight, curved, or It is also possible to coat metal in various shapes and patterns that combine them. The power of the high-output laser is appropriately set according to the conditions.
【表】
第１表に各金属のコーテイングに用いるレーザ
ー出力及び鉄基材の送り速度の一例を示す。
レーザー照射の後、鉄基材上に残留する未溶着
粉末は、必要に応じて、有機溶剤による洗浄、あ
るいは鉄基材に振動を与えることにより除去す
る。
上述したところにより得られるコーテイング膜
は、コーテイング条件の適切な設定により比較的
厚くすることも容易であり、また鉄基材の表面に
塗着する際にBNの量を多くすると、コーテイン
グ膜の内部にBNが残留して複合被膜を形成し、
そのBNが潤滑性を有していて、固体潤滑材とし
て作用するので、潤滑性複合被膜を形成すること
ができる。この複合被膜を潤滑材料として使用す
るには、複合被膜中にBNが少なくとも20Vol％
あることが望ましい。
このような潤滑性被膜を形成する場合におい
て、BNはそのままでは熱を加えても分解しない
が、溶融金属に触れると分解する特性を有し、そ
のため比較的大量に添加しないと内部に残留しな
い。また、BNはCu等に比して比重が小さく、金
属が溶融したときにその表面に浮上するため、
BNをコーテイング膜の内部に残留させる場合に
は、この点も考慮して大量に添加する必要があ
る。
［実施例］
高出力レーザーを利用し密着性のよいコーテイ
ング膜を作るのが極めて困難といわれている鉄基
材上への銅のコーテイングについて実験を行つ
た。
実験方法には、69×17×14mmのSS41材の試験
片を用い、この試験片上にエチルアルコールに分
散した粒径約30μｍの銅粉末を塗着した試料、及
び上記銅粉末と30vol％のBNの混合粉末をそれ
ぞれ塗着した試料を作成し、インテグレーシヨン
ミラーを使用してレーザーを照射した。照射面積
は12.5×12.55mm、レーザー出力は３〜5kW、試
料の送り速度は0.5〜1.5ｍ／minとした。
実験の結果、Cu粉末のみでのコーテイングは、
この実験条件の範囲で実現できなかつた。
一方、Cu−BN混合粉末の場合については、
4kWのパワーで、試験片送り速度0.5ｍ／minの
条件で行つたとき、最良のコーテイングが得られ
た。形成されたCu層の厚さは約180μｍである。
また、EPMA（electron probe micro analyzer）
分析の結果、Cu層表面にBN濃度が高く、深さ方
向に濃度は減少し、10μｍ以上深いとBNは殆ど
検出されなかつた。第１図に、接合界面を
EPMA線分析した結果を示しているが、約3μｍ
のFe2Bを主体とするCu拡散層が形成されている
ことがわかつた。
［発明の効果］
以上に詳述したように、本発明の金属コーテイ
ング方法によれば、今まで難しいと考えられてい
た鉄基材上へのCu等のコーテイングを容易に行
うことができ、しかも比較的簡単な手段で短時間
にすぐれた密着強度をもつコーテイング層を得る
ことができる。[Table] Table 1 shows an example of the laser power used for coating each metal and the feed rate of the iron base material. After laser irradiation, the unwelded powder remaining on the iron base material is removed by cleaning with an organic solvent or by applying vibration to the iron base material, if necessary. The coating film obtained as described above can be made relatively thick by appropriately setting the coating conditions, and if the amount of BN is increased when applying it to the surface of the iron base material, the inside of the coating film will be thickened. BN remains and forms a composite film,
Since the BN has lubricating properties and acts as a solid lubricant, a lubricious composite film can be formed. In order to use this composite coating as a lubricating material, at least 20Vol% BN must be present in the composite coating.
It is desirable that there be. When forming such a lubricating film, BN does not decompose as it is even when heated, but it has the property of decomposing when it comes into contact with molten metal, so it will not remain inside unless it is added in a relatively large amount. In addition, BN has a lower specific gravity than Cu, etc., and floats to the surface when the metal is melted.
If BN is to remain inside the coating film, it is necessary to take this point into consideration and add it in large quantities. [Example] An experiment was conducted on coating copper on an iron base material, which is said to be extremely difficult to create a coating film with good adhesion using a high-power laser. In the experimental method, a 69 x 17 x 14 mm SS41 material test piece was used, and a sample on which copper powder with a particle size of approximately 30 μm dispersed in ethyl alcohol was applied, and the above copper powder and 30 vol% BN were used. A sample was prepared by coating each of the mixed powders, and a laser was irradiated using an integration mirror. The irradiation area was 12.5 x 12.55 mm, the laser output was 3 to 5 kW, and the sample feeding speed was 0.5 to 1.5 m/min. As a result of the experiment, coating with Cu powder only
This could not be achieved within the range of these experimental conditions. On the other hand, in the case of Cu-BN mixed powder,
The best coating was obtained when the test was performed with a power of 4 kW and a specimen feed rate of 0.5 m/min. The thickness of the formed Cu layer is approximately 180 μm.
Also, EPMA (electron probe micro analyzer)
As a result of the analysis, the BN concentration was high on the surface of the Cu layer, and the concentration decreased in the depth direction, with almost no BN being detected at depths of 10 μm or more. Figure 1 shows the bonding interface.
The results of EPMA line analysis are shown, and the diameter is approximately 3 μm.
It was found that a Cu diffusion layer consisting mainly of Fe 2 B was formed. [Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, according to the metal coating method of the present invention, it is possible to easily coat an iron base material with Cu, etc., which was thought to be difficult until now. A coating layer with excellent adhesion strength can be obtained in a short time by relatively simple means.
第１図は本発明の方法によるコーテイング膜の
接合界面をEPMA線分析した結果を示す線図で
ある。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of EPMA line analysis of the bonding interface of the coating film according to the method of the present invention.
Claims (1)
粉末を塗着し、その表面に高出力レーザーを照射
することにより、鉄基材表面にFe2Bを主体とす
るコーテイング金属の拡散層を形成させて、上記
金属のコーテイングを行うことを特徴とする鉄基
材上への金属コーテイング方法。1. By applying BN and powder of the metal to be coated onto the iron base material and irradiating the surface with a high-power laser, a diffusion layer of the coating metal mainly composed of Fe 2 B is formed on the iron base material surface. A method for coating a metal on an iron base material, the method comprising: coating the metal as described above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21165388A JPH0240737B2 (en) | 1988-08-26 | 1988-08-26 | TETSUKIZAIJOHENOKINZOKUKOOTEINGUHOHO |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21165388A JPH0240737B2 (en) | 1988-08-26 | 1988-08-26 | TETSUKIZAIJOHENOKINZOKUKOOTEINGUHOHO |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0261055A JPH0261055A (en) | 1990-03-01 |
| JPH0240737B2 true JPH0240737B2 (en) | 1990-09-13 |
Family
ID=16609359
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21165388A Expired - Lifetime JPH0240737B2 (en) | 1988-08-26 | 1988-08-26 | TETSUKIZAIJOHENOKINZOKUKOOTEINGUHOHO |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0240737B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3016362U (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1995-10-03 | 船井電機株式会社 | Paper jam clearing mechanism in printer |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5258611B2 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2013-08-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Iron-based material |
-
1988
- 1988-08-26 JP JP21165388A patent/JPH0240737B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3016362U (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1995-10-03 | 船井電機株式会社 | Paper jam clearing mechanism in printer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0261055A (en) | 1990-03-01 |
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