JPH0235101B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is directed to tiles that express a structural pattern of light and shade on the walls and floors of buildings, and to the exterior of buildings and the floors of roads. Regarding the tile to express.

[Conventional technology] Tiles with a flat surface are mainly used for architectural purposes, but based on the idea that this could only create a monotonous surface, we created uneven surfaces that imitated the surface of stone or rock. Various types of tiles are used, including stone-faced tiles, rock-surface tiles, textured tiles that imitate the texture of textiles, and tapestry tiles with many vertical lines.

However, since tiles are originally used in buildings, there is a strong demand for the appearance of structural patterns.

In addition, from a functional standpoint, tiles with uneven surfaces to prevent slipping have been proposed, but this is a completely different problem that is far from forming a structural pattern, and it is important to consider tiles used not only for walls but also for floors. There is nothing yet that satisfies the requirements.

[Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention] As a result of various studies to create a structural pattern on a structure, the present inventors have found that even if the pursuit of color, shape, etc. is sufficient, the above-mentioned requirements for tiles can be met. They concluded that it would be difficult to do so, conducted research from an optical standpoint, and succeeded in forming a structure in the tile that eliminates the reflection of light depending on the angle at which the tile is viewed, thereby completing the present invention.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides that the pitch on the surface of the tile is 0.3 cm to 5 cm.
It has an inclined surface of 5 degrees to 45 degrees in cm, and the height of the apex is 0.1
A tile that forms a light-reflecting surface with parallel strip-shaped protrusions of cm to 0.5 cm in length, and by arranging these tiles in combination, the direction of reflected light of light incident from a certain direction is different. By creating areas where reflected light enters the eye and areas where the reflected light does not enter the eye and are completely dark, a structural pattern is created by the brightness and darkness caused by the difference in reflection on a surface covered with tiles.

[Operation] The reason why the tile of the present invention produces a light and dark structural pattern will be explained.

As a basic example, one of two tiles with many parallel slopes of small angle a on the surface is placed next to the other one.
The case where the paper is set in the opposite direction will be explained.
As shown in Figure 1, the angle of the slope is (180°-a). The difference in the direction of the reflected light when light at an angle b hits these two tiles from the same direction will be explained with reference to FIG.

AMO is the slope of angle a, A′NO is the angle (180°−
a), and the rays mm and nN that make an angle b with the plane XO coming from the same direction on both of them are M
When the light hits the point and the point N and is reflected in the directions Mm' and Nn', it is reflected at the same angles as the incident angles c and d, respectively, according to the law of light.

Here, the angular difference between the reflected lights Mm' and Nn' is calculated.

(1) Xm″m′=a+(180°−90°−c).

On the other hand, b=a+(180°-90°+c).

Calculating c from these two equations, c=b-a-
It will be 90°.

Therefore, Xm″m′=a+90°+a−b+90°=180°+2a−b (2) Xn″n′=90−d−a.

On the other hand, 180°-b=90°-d+a.

When calculating d from these two equations, d=(a+b)−
It will be 90°.

Therefore, Xn″n′=90°−(a+b)+90°−a=180°−2a−b (3) Therefore, the difference in angle of reflected light is expressed by the following equation.

Xm″m′−Xn″n′=2a−b+2a+b=4a That is, it is four times the angle a of the slope.

In other words, it has nothing to do with the angle b at which the light enters. This will be explained empirically and its action and effects will be explained.

Even if the light source is close, the distance is very large compared to the size of the small slope on the tile surface, so parallel light rays are incident. In this case, assuming that the angle a of the slope is 10 degrees, the angular difference in the reflected light will be four times as large as 40 degrees, and if one of the lights hits the eye, the other will not. This means that if we adjust the height of our eyes by changing our posture, it will be impossible for us to see both reflected lights at the same time. Therefore, if the tiles are set in opposite directions, if one side is reflected, the other side will be backlit, creating a sharp contrast between the two, and this effect will not change even if the height of the light source changes slightly.

The above-mentioned difference in brightness and darkness is the same whether the tile is used as a so-called floor tile set on the floor, as a so-called indoor wall tile set on a vertical surface, or as an outdoor exterior tile.

The present invention was completed based on this new knowledge that was completely unknown before the present application,
This is one of the features of the present invention.

Next, looking at the limit of angle a, if it is large,
When the angle is 45°, 4a becomes 180°, and by providing a reflective surface in the opposite direction, the reflected light from the tile is parallel and in the opposite direction, and does not enter the eye even if the eye height is changed. In other words, if the angle is 45 degrees or more, the tile on the reflective surface in the opposite direction will become dark regardless of the distance between the eye and the tile.

Looking at the smaller limit of angle a, angle a
For example, if 4a is 3 degrees, then 4a is 12 degrees, and 12 degrees is approximately 0.2 expressed in radians. In other words, if there is a distance of 5m, the difference in height will be 5m x 0.2 = 1m,
If one side of the tile is bright at the initial eye level, then when you lower your eye, the side you have been on so far will be dark, and when you lower it to 1 meter, the side set in the opposite direction will become bright. If you lower it lower than that, this side will also become darker.

However, if there is a distance of 10 meters, the difference in height will be 2 meters, and the light and dark will not change depending on the person's posture. That is, angle a
When the angle is as small as 3 degrees, at very close distances within about 5 meters, changes in the height of the human eye create an interesting interplay of light and dark, and if this is a wall surface, the light and dark will intersect even if the parallel position is slightly changed. do.

When the distance between the eye and the tile prevents reflected light from entering the eye, the tile surface becomes dark. In this case, all the reflective surfaces of one tile in the same direction become dark. However, when the angle is small, the reflection effect is small. Therefore, the angle is preferably 3° or more.

The height of the protrusion is preferably 0.5cm or less. For floors, motsuto and those with low protrusions are used, but for walls, tall protrusions can also be used. However, if the protrusion is 0.5 cm or more, the tile will be thicker and heavier, and there will be a risk of it peeling off or falling off.

Based on experience, the pitch of the protrusions, that is, the distance from apex to apex, is preferably 0.3 cm to 5 cm. In order to produce clear contrast, neither too small nor too large a pitch will give good results.
For example, tiles used for walls are 350mm long and 150mm wide.
The maximum thickness is 25mm, but the maximum pitch is 50mm and the height is 5mm.If the tile is larger than this, the thickness of the tile must be increased, which increases the weight and risks peeling off. If you partially change the light reflection conditions of the tile by changing the pitch of the protrusions, changing the inclination angle of the reflective surface, or creating a flat area between the rows of protrusions, the brightness and darkness will change partially and become complicated. A bright and dark pattern is formed.

The tiles formed with the special reflective surface of the present invention can be used in combination with tiles without a reflective surface, tiles of different sizes, or freely used as desired. be able to.

[Example] Examples will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 2 to 12 show specific examples of the tiles of the present invention.

In FIG. 2, A is a plan view and B is a sectional view of the tile. In this tile, the height h of the protrusion 1, the pitch e of the protrusion 1, the slope 2 and the surface 3 of the tile (the surface of the tile of the present invention is formed with protrusions, but for convenience of explanation, they will not be described in the following examples). The angle a between the surface (the surface excluding the protrusions will be referred to as surface 3) is not uniform. Therefore, this tile
It has reflective surfaces with various angles, and the reflection is not constant, resulting in a complex structure of brightness and darkness, and the brightness changes in a complicated manner depending on the position of the viewer. Therefore, by using this tile, a complex structural pattern of light and shade can be expressed on a structure.

FIGS. 3 to 6 are cross-sectional views of the tiles, similar to FIG. 2B.

In Fig. 3, the pitch of the protrusion 1 is uniform _e1 , but the height is not the same as _h1 , _h2, etc. It is a cross-sectional view of a tile having a reflective surface where the angle a between the slope 2 and the tile surface 3 is also not the same.

The pitch of this tile is constant, but the angle a,
Since a, a, etc. are different, the brightness changes in a complicated manner depending on the position of the viewer.

Figure 4 shows that the height _h1 of the protrusion 1 is uniform and the pitch e
1 is a cross-sectional view of a tile in which the angle a between the slope 2 and the tile surface 3 is not constant, and therefore the angle a formed between the slope 2 and the tile surface 3 is also not uniform.

When this tile is used on the floor, it does not cause stumbling, and the pitch e and angle a are not uniform with the stride length, creating a well-changed light and shade.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a tile in which both of the longer slopes 2 of the projections 1 are on the left.

This tile is all bright when viewed from the long slope, but tends to be dark when viewed from the opposite slope.
For the row immediately below, if you arrange the tiles in the opposite direction with slope 1 to the left, the light and dark will alternate every other row, forming stripes.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tile in which the longer slopes 2 of the projections 1 intersect on the left and right sides. In this tile, not only the brightness and darkness of one tile intersect, but also the brightness and darkness of all the tiles intersect, so that the brightness and darkness with the greatest variation is formed.

In FIG. 7, A is a plan view and B is a cross-sectional view of a tile in which all the protrusions 1 are parallel to one side 6 of the tile.

In FIG. 8, A is a plan view and B is a cross-sectional view of a tile in which the protrusion 1 is non-parallel to one side 6 of the tile.

As shown in Figure 8, tiles with protrusions at a 45 degree angle that are non-parallel to the sides are used as floor tiles, and when set by rotating them 90 degrees at a time, a pattern with many surfaces that changes in brightness and darkness as the person walks is formed. be able to.

The tiles shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 above can all have protrusions arranged parallel to one side of the tile as shown in FIGS.
They can also be arranged non-parallel as shown in the figure.

In FIG. 9, A is a plan view and B is a cross-sectional view of a tile in which the protrusion 1 is curved.

This tile has a constant protrusion height and pitch e
If the angle a is changed and used on the underside of the floor, complex changes in brightness and darkness will occur as the light and shade sway as you walk.

FIG. 10 shows a tile in which a protrusion 1 is provided with a cutout 4 to form a discontinuous shape. A is a plan view, and B is a sectional view taken similarly to FIG. 2. This tile exhibits the characteristic of complicating light and shade.

FIG. 11 shows a tile in which a planar portion 5 is provided between rows of projections 1, in which A is a plan view and B is a cross-sectional view taken in the same manner as FIG. 2. This tile exhibits the characteristic of complicating light and shade.

FIG. 12 shows a tile in which the cross section of the protrusion 1 consists of two isosceles slopes of an isosceles triangle. A is a plan view,
B is a sectional view taken similarly to FIG. 2. This tile exhibits the characteristic of complicating light and shade.

[Effects] The tiles of the present invention have the effect of expressing structural brightness and darkness on the surface on which they are applied, and can not only express brightness and darkness, but also reverse the brightness and darkness. This produces effects that could not have been predicted in the past. It can be used not only on flat surfaces but also on vertical surfaces, creating complex light and shade effects.

The tiles of the invention can be used both indoors and outdoors.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the formation of brightness and darkness in the present invention. 2 to 12 show examples of the tiles of the present invention, in which A is a plan view and B is a sectional view. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Protrusion, 2... Reflective surface, 3... Tile surface, 4... Cutout, 5... Flat part, 6... One side of tile, a... Angle of slope, b... Angle of light hitting the slope, c, d...Angle between the light and a line perpendicular to the slope (incident angle), m, n...Direction of incidence of light, m', n'...Direction of reflection of light, h... ...Height of the protrusion, e...Pitch of the protrusion.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The tile surface has an inclined surface with a pitch of 0.3 cm to 5 cm and an angle of 5 degrees to 45 degrees with the surface, and the height of the apex is 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm. A tile with strip-like protrusions arranged in a row to form a reflective surface that reflects light in a certain direction, creating bright and dark areas due to differences in the reflection of light on a surface covered with tiles. 2. A tile forming bright and dark areas according to claim 1, wherein the pitch of the protrusions is uniform. 3. A tile forming bright and dark areas according to claim 1, in which the pitch of the protrusions is not uniform. 4. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the height of the apex of the protrusion is uniform. 5. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heights of the apexes of the protrusions are not uniform. 6. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the protrusion is a band-shaped protrusion having two slopes and a triangular cross section. 7. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the long inclined surfaces of the projections have the same direction. 8. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the long inclined surfaces of the protrusions are not oriented in the same direction. 9. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the protrusion is parallel to one side of the tile. 10. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the protrusions are non-parallel to the sides of the tile. 11. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the protrusion is a linear strip-shaped protrusion. 12. The tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the protrusion is a curved band-like protrusion. 13. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the protrusion is continuous. 14 Claim 1 in which the protrusions are discontinuous
A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of Items 1 to 12. 15. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a planar part is provided between the rows of projections. 16. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 15, which comprises two slopes whose protrusions have an isosceles triangular cross section. 17. A tile forming a bright area and a dark area according to any one of claims 1 to 15, which comprises two slopes whose protrusions have a scalene triangular cross section.