JPH0230516Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention mainly relates to concrete stacking block units that are stacked and used for civil engineering to protect the surface of mountains and banks.

[Prior art and its problems] Current concrete building blocks are constructed by being manually stacked one by one by skilled masons. According to this construction method, for each craftsman, 5 to 6 laborers are required to carry the blocks, making the construction labor intensive and time-consuming.
In addition, many of the stonemasons nationwide are elderly, and each piece weighs 40kg.
Many people injure their backs from carrying hundreds of stacked bricks to build retaining walls.Furthermore, there is a shortage of skilled craftsmen, and there are almost no successors.

When an amateur worker constructs blocks, the blocks cannot be stacked neatly, and the blocks tend to stick together or become wavy, making construction difficult.

Furthermore, in the method of stacking blocks one by one, the blocks are stacked one after another, so it is necessary to securely fix the lower blocks. For this reason, after temporary fixing with a supporting stone at the butt end of the stacking blocks, hard concrete with low moisture content is used to fix the block, but this concrete does not adhere well to the stacking blocks and does not hold up well after hardening. The drawback was that the strength of the entire wall was weakened.

As a stacking block unit that solves this drawback, a concrete block assembly retaining wall that integrates multiple stacking blocks has been developed (Tokuko Showa).
59-38378).

The block used for this concrete block assembly retaining wall has a front plate that integrates three rectangular stacking blocks, and a rear plate of the same shape as this front plate is provided parallel to and opposite to the front plate. It has a structure in which the and rear plate are connected by three connecting pieces. These blocks are stacked independently with a front plate and a rear plate, and mortar, stone, concrete, etc. are filled between the blocks to connect the blocks.

Blocks with this structure have multiple stacking blocks integrated, so the number of block units to be stacked is reduced, and since the front plate and rear plate are self-supporting, they can be easily stacked, and the overall Work efficiency can be improved. However, since the block of this structure is self-supporting by the rear plate having the same shape as the front plate, it has the disadvantage that a strong and beautiful retaining wall cannot be constructed in accordance with the site conditions. In other words, the retaining wall made by stacking and connecting these blocks is
Since the rear surface of the constructed retaining wall is completely closed off by the rear plate, it cannot be firmly connected to the slope, and the retaining wall and the slope cannot be integrated. For this reason, although it can be used for slopes with a gentle slope or stable slopes that will not collapse, it cannot be used for vertical retaining walls. Upright retaining walls that are weakly connected to the slope cannot overcome the drawback that they tend to collapse as a whole when pressed from behind by water pressure or earth pressure. If the slope of a retaining wall is made gentler in order to increase its strength, land use efficiency will decrease.
In recent years, due to the rise in land prices, there has been a strong demand for retaining walls with steep slopes that require less land area. For retaining walls, it is important that construction efficiency is high, but it is even more important that they have high strength after construction.

Furthermore, since this block is filled with concrete while both the front and rear sides are closed, when the concrete is vibrated with a vibrator in order to densely fill the fresh concrete, the filling pressure of the concrete increases. There are also disadvantages such as concrete protruding from the gaps between the stacks and staining the front surface.

Furthermore, a block whose front plate and rear plate have the same shape can be used to construct a straight retaining wall, but it is not possible to construct a retaining wall that curves along a mountain surface or the like. If the above-mentioned block is used on a retaining wall that curves convexly in the center, gaps will be created between both ends of the front plate when both ends of the rear plate are in contact with each other, and concrete will leak from these gaps, making construction impossible.

Retaining walls are constructed to match the shape of the site, so their form changes to a wide variety of shapes depending on the construction site. Curved retaining walls can also be constructed if the stacking block units are specially shaped to suit a wide variety of retaining walls. However, since the formwork for large stacking block units is extremely expensive and requires time and effort to manufacture, it is completely impossible to mold them specifically to suit the construction site. Therefore, it is important to use standardized large stacking block units to construct retaining walls that suit the construction site.

Furthermore, it is important that the large stacking block unit and the small single block be firmly and integrally connected to construct a strong retaining wall.

Also, although a large block unit made up of multiple blocks can be built much more efficiently than one made by stacking small blocks one by one, each block unit is heavy.
Workers cannot hold them in their hands, so they must be hung and stacked using a crane. Therefore, it is important that this type of stacking block unit can be easily lifted into position by a crane or the like.
However, in the conventional stacking block unit suspended by a crane, although it is possible to position left and right by fitting the uneven upper and lower edges, it is difficult to determine the front and rear positions. Can not. Therefore, just before placing the block on top of the previously stacked block unit,
It was necessary to push the stacking block units suspended by a crane back and forth to position them, or to adjust the stacking position by tapping them while stacked, and it took a lot of skill and effort to stack them accurately. In addition, when stacked, it is impossible to stop the front and rear positional deviations,
The disadvantage was that the stacking block unit was easily moved between the time the fresh concrete was poured and the time it had hardened.

Furthermore, we developed a single block in which a retainer protrudes from the back of one block, a protrusion is formed at the rear end of the retainer, and the front plate-shaped body and the retainer protruding block are stacked in a free-standing state. (Utility Model Application Publication No. 57-38848).

Since these blocks can stand on their own, they can be stacked more efficiently than conventional stacking blocks, but since the blocks are stacked one by one, the stacking work is labor-intensive and hard work, and each stacking block is small and light. However, when stacking these blocks and filling the back side of the plate with concrete, the concrete pressure caused the blocks to move and easily collapse. Moreover, if the blocks stacked in multiple tiers collapse during work and fall along with a large amount of concrete, it will be extremely dangerous. Furthermore, when a large number of small blocks were stacked on top of each other and the back was filled with ready-mixed concrete and this was vibrated with a vibrator, the stacked blocks would move even more easily, creating a dangerous situation. For this reason, this block is also stacked using hard-mixed mortar and concrete, just like the conventional one-piece blocks without protrusions for self-supporting, and at the same time, the back side is filled with hard-mixed concrete, etc. It was necessary to stack them while connecting them to each other, which had the disadvantage that it was not possible to construct a strong retaining wall with good working efficiency.

This invention was developed with the aim of eliminating these drawbacks of conventional retaining wall blocks.The important purpose of this invention is that the stacking block units can stand on their own by simply stacking them on top of each other. They can be stacked without shifting by simply hoisting them with heavy machinery such as a crane or unit and placing them in a designated position.Compared to conventional stacking blocks, they can be stacked more easily, quickly, and accurately. To provide a concrete stacking block unit that can be mixed together to construct an optimal retaining wall at a construction site.

Another important purpose of this invention is that the stacking block units can stand on their own and be stacked, so there is no need to use hard-mixed concrete for fast fixing, as in the past, and instead of using ordinary fresh concrete. To provide a concrete stacking block unit in which concrete can be firmly adhered to the surface of the stacking block unit by using the stacking block unit, and the entire stacked stacking block unit can be made into a firmly integrated retaining wall.

Furthermore, another important object of this invention is to provide a concrete stacking block unit that can firmly connect the blocks to the slope and integrate with the slope to construct a strong retaining wall. .

[Means for solving conventional problems] The concrete stacking block unit of this invention has a front face shape in which a plurality of stacking blocks T each having a rectangular front face are assembled in multiple stages and rows at an angle. and stacking blocks T in the same stage
The upper and lower edges 3a and 3b are inclined in the same direction and are integrated into a single assembly, and the upper and lower edges 3a and 3b are formed in a convex-concave shape that slopes like a chevron.

In the stacking block unit, the upper edge mating end 3a and the lower edge mating end 3b are stacked blocks assembled at an angle so that single blocks can be mixed and used in curved parts of the mountain surface, etc. The outer shape of the T is formed into an uneven shape into which a single stacking block T stacked in the same arrangement can be stacked and fitted.

Furthermore, a self-supporting protrusion 2 is provided protruding from the back surface so that it can stand on its own simply by placing it on top. A plurality of rows of self-supporting protrusions 2 are provided extending in the vertical direction, and the vertical length of each self-supporting protrusion 2 is determined by stacking the self-supporting protrusions 2 when the stacking block units 1 are stacked vertically. In this state, the front surfaces of the stacking block units 1 are formed in such a length that they can be stacked independently on the same plane.

Furthermore, the stacking block unit has an upper edge mating end 3a so that it can be stacked front to back, left to right, and without misalignment.
A fitting protrusion 6 is provided on the lower surface of the lower edge mating end 3b which overlaps the upper edge mating end 3a, and a fitting recess 7 into which the fitting protrusion 6 is fitted in a stacked state is provided. ing.

Between each self-supporting protrusion 2, a concrete-filled gap S is formed by opening rearward, and the outer width of the plurality of self-supporting protrusions 2 is formed to be narrower than the outer width of the block assembly shape portion. A concrete filling gap S is formed between the self-supporting protrusions 2 of the laterally adjacent stacking block units 1.

Furthermore, a recess 9 is provided on the lower surface of the self-supporting protrusion 2 in the middle between the front and rear. Due to the recess 9 provided on the lower surface of the self-supporting protrusion 2, a string-hanging communication gap 5 is provided on the contact surface of the self-supporting protrusion 2 when stacked vertically.

[Operations and Effects] In the stacking block unit of the present invention, the outer width of the plurality of self-supporting protrusions is formed narrower than the outer width of the stacking block aggregate shape portion, and the stacking block units that are adjacent laterally are free-standing. Concrete filling gaps are formed between the protrusions. Therefore, a plurality of stacking block units can be arranged in a convexly curved manner in the center without leaving any gaps in the front, and the feature can be realized that it can be constructed in accordance with the curved mountain surface of the site. Because of this, gently curved retaining walls can be easily constructed without the use of single individual blocks.

Furthermore, the stacking block unit of this invention has an uneven outer circumferential shape having a chevron-shaped slope into which a single stacking block can be fitted. For this reason, the stacking block unit of this invention is arranged in the same way as the front shape of the stacking block unit, so that a single block can be confused with a block unit, and a curved part with a small radius of curvature, or
A retaining wall can also be easily constructed on a concave central curve.

For this reason, in the stacking block unit of the present application, almost the entire retaining wall is constructed using large stacking block units, and curved parts of the retaining wall that cannot be constructed using large block units are partially constructed using conventional single block units. By using blocks, both small single blocks and large block units can be used to construct strong retaining walls that are optimal for any site, and a small number of standardized block units can be used effectively. The advantage is that manufacturing can be done efficiently and at low cost.

Furthermore, the stacking block unit of this invention is large and heavy due to the collection of multiple blocks, but since it is equipped with a self-supporting protrusion that allows it to stand on its own by simply stacking them, it is possible to suspend them with a crane or the like and place them on the block unit below. You can stack them in a fixed position and temporarily secure them in a stacked state. For this reason, compared to the conventional method of stacking many single blocks, the total number of blocks to be stacked is reduced and work efficiency is improved.Furthermore, heavy block units can be stacked without collapsing just by placing them on top of each other. There is no need to prevent collapse when stacked, and since multiple stages can be stacked at once, the overall work efficiency can be dramatically improved.

In particular, in the block unit of the present invention, the upper edge mating end and the lower edge mating end are formed in a chevron-shaped uneven shape that can be fitted into each other, so that lateral displacement is prevented in the stacked state, and further, In addition to this, since a fitting protrusion and a fitting recess are provided at the upper edge mating end and the lower edge mating end, by fitting the fitting protrusion into the fitting recess, It also prevents misalignment in the front and rear directions when stacked. Therefore, when stacked, the stacking block units can be stacked in an accurate position by preventing displacement in both the front, rear, left, and right directions, and can be stacked easily and reliably without shifting in position by hanging them with a crane, etc. Features that can be realized.

Furthermore, since the fitting recess where foreign matter is likely to accumulate is provided at the downwardly facing lower edge mating end, it is possible to effectively prevent the fitting recess from being clogged with earth and sand. For this reason, the fitting protrusion can always fit into the fitting recess, and there will be no gap between the stacking block units stacked one above the other due to dirt in the fitting recess, and the stacking block units can be simply stacked one on top of the other. This allows them to be stacked tightly together in a fixed position. For this reason,
The work of stacking the stacking block units is easy, and gaps are created between the stacked stacking block units, and fresh concrete poured on the back side leaks through these gaps and stains the surface of the constructed retaining wall. It is effective in that a beautiful retaining wall can be easily constructed without any problems.

Furthermore, the block unit of the present invention has a concrete filling gap between the self-supporting protrusions, and unlike the conventional stacking block unit,
Because the back side is open and not blocked, the fresh concrete filled in the back side penetrates between the chestnut stones laid on the slope due to the fluid pressure of the fresh concrete, and is firmly bonded to the chestnut stones. By combining with the chestnut stone on the slope, a thick and strong retaining wall can be constructed.

The penetration depth of the concrete that penetrates between the concrete filling gaps and between the stones and becomes one with the block unit can be adjusted by the size of the stones, the fluidity of the concrete, and the stacking height of the block units, that is, the flow pressure of the concrete. Therefore,
By improving the fluidity of concrete and increasing the stacking height of the block units to increase the flow pressure of the concrete at the bottom, the distance that concrete penetrates into the gaps between the stones is deepened, and a stronger retaining wall is constructed. can. The stacking block units of this invention can be stacked tightly together without shifting in both the front, back, left and right directions, so fresh concrete with good flowability can be filled with high flow pressure. The flow pressure of concrete increases in proportion to the number of stacked block units. Therefore, the higher the stacking block units are stacked, the deeper the concrete penetrates into the stone. This advantageously means that for retaining walls that are high and require strong strength at the bottom, the penetration distance between the concrete stones becomes deeper at the bottom, making it possible to build a thick and strong retaining wall at the bottom. To realize the feature that a stable retaining wall can be easily constructed. In other words, by simply pouring ready-mixed concrete into the back of the block unit of this invention, a retaining wall that is thicker than the depth of the self-supporting protrusions of the block unit and is integral with the chestnut stone can be constructed, and the constructed retaining wall is It is extremely strong and stable, and has the ideal properties of being extremely resistant to collapse due to back earth pressure and water pressure.

Furthermore, in addition to this, the block unit of this invention has a string communication gap between the self-supporting protrusions stacked one above the other, and even if the concrete filled in this gap is filled with concrete, it will not interfere with the horizontally adjacent concrete filling gap. The concrete is connected to each other, and reinforcing bars can be placed here if necessary, so a strong retaining wall can be constructed that connects the entire structure as one.

In addition, stacking block units that are stacked closely together can prevent fresh concrete from leaking from the gaps, so the poured concrete can be vibrated with a vibrator or the like to penetrate into every corner, and at this time, the fresh concrete can be penetrated into every corner. Since the concrete penetrates into the rock, the leakage of concrete from the stacking gaps of the stacking block units is further reduced, and the entire surface can be beautifully finished.

As mentioned above, the stacking block unit of this invention can be constructed simply, easily, and quickly, yet it is extremely strong and can be constructed beautifully in the shape that is most suitable for the site, which is extremely important for a stacking block unit. Achieve efficiency.

[Preferred Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of this invention will be described based on the drawings.

The overall shape of the stacking block unit 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is formed by integrating eight rectangular stacking blocks T into two rows and four rows at an angle of 45 degrees. .

The overall size of the stacking block unit is usually
It is formed to the size of 4 to 16 conventional stacking blocks, but preferably 4 to 8 blocks.

In addition, the front pattern of the stacking block T is flat,
Various shapes can be used, such as a pyramid shape, a split stone shape, a convex or concave shape in the center, etc.

In the stacking block unit 1 shown in FIG. 1, the upper stacking block T is tilted to the left, and the lower stacking block T is tilted to the right. Even with the inclined stacking block T, the upper edge mating end 3a and the lower edge mating end 3b
It is formed into an uneven shape that slopes like a mountain. As shown in FIG. 3, the unevenly formed upper and lower edges 3a and 3b are stacked in the same arrangement due to the outer shape of the stacking blocks T that are assembled at an angle. It is formed into an uneven shape that allows single stacking blocks T to be stacked and fitted.

The stacking block units 1 having this shape are stacked in necessary stages to construct a retaining wall of a required size as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the stacking block unit 1 is provided with a self-standing protrusion 2 on its back surface. A plurality of self-standing protrusions 2 are provided. The self-standing protrusions 2 allow the stacking block units 1 to be stacked independently. FIGS. 4 and 10 show the state in which the items are stacked on their own with the self-supporting protrusions 2. As shown in these figures, the self-standing protrusion 2
By stacking the upper and lower edges 3a and 3b in contact with each other, the upper and lower stacking block units 1 are stacked vertically or independently at a specific angle of inclination.

For this reason, the length of the upper edge mating end 3a and the lower edge mating end 3b of the self-supporting protrusion 2, in other words,
The height of the stacking block units 1 is formed to a length that allows the front surfaces of the stacking block units 1 to be stacked independently on the same plane when the stacking block units 1 are stacked vertically and the self-standing protrusions 2 are stacked vertically. ing.

The self-supporting protrusions 2 are protrusions that extend vertically so that concrete can flow in between them, and a concrete filling gap S is formed between the self-supporting protrusions 2 and open rearward. Furthermore, the rear end is made wide so that the concrete can penetrate better.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, a recess 9 is provided on the lower surface of the self-supporting protrusion 2 between the rear end 4 and the lower edge mating end 3b. Strap connection gap 5 between the upper surface of the self-supporting protrusion located at the lower level
is provided. A rope can be hung through the stringing communication gap 5 when the stacking block units 1 are suspended and stacked by a crane or the like. Moreover, the string-hanging communication gap 5 is made into an integral structure by horizontally connecting the body-containing concrete cast extending vertically between the self-supporting protrusions 2.

If a part of the retaining wall to be constructed is slightly curved,
As shown by diagonal lines in FIG. 3, the curved portion can be curved by stacking one conventional stacking block A, A, . . . . In addition, the block unit is
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the outer width of the four rows of self-supporting protrusions, in other words, the outer distance of the two outermost rows of self-supporting protrusions 2 is the set of stacking block units. The outer width of the shaped part, that is, the maximum width of the aggregate part in these figures, is formed to be narrower than the concrete filling gap S between the self-supporting protrusions of the block units arranged horizontally adjacent to each other.
, so that the block units can be connected in a slightly curved manner rather than in a straight line. For this reason,
In the case of gently curved retaining walls, it is not necessary to use a single individual block, but can be constructed by connecting block units.

Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stacking block unit 1 has a fitting protrusion 6 on the upper edge mating end 3a in order to prevent the stacked stacking block units 1 from shifting back and forth. Lower edge joint end 3b
is provided with a fitting projection 7.

The stacking block unit 1 shown in FIG. 5 is provided with self-supporting protrusions 2 that are spaced apart vertically, and the self-supporting protrusions 2 are in a stacked state with their upper and lower ends touching each other to support the stacking block unit 1. Make yourself independent.

The stacking block unit 1 is stacked on the base block unit K, as shown in FIG. 7 to 9 show a foundation block unit K laminated at the lowest stage of the retaining wall. The basic block unit K is made of concrete and is made up of a total of eight stacking blocks in two stages and four rows.

On the front side, the four lower rows are formed into a root and top shape, and the four upper rows are rectangular and inclined at 45 degrees so that they can be stacked in a valley.

As shown in FIG. 9, the basic block unit K is stacked on the upper stage and the block unit 1 is stacked on it.
A self-standing protrusion 2 is provided on the back surface.

As shown in Figure 3, the upper stage and both sides of the retaining wall are constructed by arranging root stones, top type B, corner stones C, side stones D, etc. to match the shape of the construction site.

When stacking blocks in an even number of stages, the basic block unit K shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 can be turned upside down and used for the top stage as well.

Stacking block unit 1 formed as described above
As shown in Fig. 10, the construction method is to place the foundation block unit K on top of the foundation concrete 8 whose upper surface is inclined at a predetermined angle, stack the block units 1 on top of the foundation block unit K, and make it stand on its own. Concrete is placed between the protrusions 2 and firmly connected and fixed to the chestnut stone on the back.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are front and rear views of a concrete stacking block unit showing one embodiment of the invention, Figure 3 is a front view of a retaining wall showing a state in which stacking block units are stacked, and Figure 4 5 is a rear view showing the stacking block unit of another embodiment, FIG. 6 is a rear view showing the stacking block unit in use, and FIGS. 9 is a rear view, a top view, and a front view showing the basic block unit on which the stacking block units are stacked, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the stacked state. 1... Stacking block unit, 2... Self-standing protrusion, 3a... Upper edge joint end, 3b... Lower edge joint end, 4...
...rear end, 5... string hanging communication gap, 6... fitting projection,
7...Fitting recess, 8...Foundation concrete, 9...
...Concave, K...Basic block unit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A plurality of stacking blocks T each having a rectangular front shape are inclined and assembled in multiple stages and rows, and the stacking blocks T in the same stage are tilted in the same direction and integrated together. The upper edge mating edge 3a and the lower edge mating edge 3b are formed in a concave and convex shape that slopes in a mountain shape, and the upper edge mating edge 3a and the lower edge mating edge 3b are stacked at an angle. The outer shape of the block T has an uneven shape that allows single stacking blocks T stacked in the same arrangement to be stacked and fitted, and furthermore, a fitting protrusion 6 is provided on the upper edge mating end 3a. This upper edge joint edge 3
A fitting recess 7 into which a fitting protrusion 6 is fitted in a stacked state is provided on the lower surface of the lower edge mating end 3b stacked on a, and a self-standing protrusion 2 is further provided protruding from the back surface. The self-supporting protrusions 2 are provided in multiple rows extending in the vertical direction, and the vertical length of each self-supporting protrusion 2 is the same as the self-supporting protrusions 2 when the stacking block units 1 are stacked vertically. With the protrusions 2 stacked one above the other, the front surface of the stacking block unit 1 is formed to a length that allows it to be stacked independently on the same plane, and between each self-supporting protrusion 2 there is an opening at the rear and a concrete wall is formed. A filling gap S is formed, and the outer width of the plurality of self-supporting protrusions 2 is narrower than the outer width of the stacking block assembly shape part,
A concrete filling gap S is formed between the self-supporting protrusions 2 of the laterally adjacent stacking block units 1,
Furthermore, on the lower surface of the self-supporting protrusion 2, a recess 9 is provided between the front and rear, and by this recess 9,
This concrete stacking block unit is constructed so that a string communication gap 5 is provided between the upper surface of the self-supporting protrusion located at the lower level.