JPH02280519A - Variable attenuator - Google Patents
Variable attenuatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02280519A JPH02280519A JP10193689A JP10193689A JPH02280519A JP H02280519 A JPH02280519 A JP H02280519A JP 10193689 A JP10193689 A JP 10193689A JP 10193689 A JP10193689 A JP 10193689A JP H02280519 A JPH02280519 A JP H02280519A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- attenuation
- relay
- switch
- contact
- output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Attenuators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は抵抗器を含む減衰素子とリレー８弁中雫→の
ようなスイッチとを用いた可変減衰器に係り、特に高周
波可変減衰器に関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a variable attenuator using a damping element including a resistor and a switch such as a relay 8 valve, and particularly relates to a high frequency variable attenuator. It is something.
（従来の技術）
直流から高周波まで使用可能な可変減衰器として第６図
に示すような回路が用いられている。抵抗器で組み立て
られた複数の減衰素子？、８，９．１０と複数の無損失
伝送路１１．１２．１３．１４をカスケード状に接続し
、その両側に配置されたリレー又はスイッチ２．２′〜
５．５’ （２，２’のように同じ番号の接点は、互
いに連動して動くリレー又はスイッチの親接点を表わす
）を切換え、所望の減衰素子を組合わせて挿入すること
により、入出力端子１−６間の減衰量を所望の値に可変
できるようにしたものである。各減衰素子？、８．９．
１０の減衰量を適切に選ぶことにより広範囲の減衰量を
一定のステップ量で自由に設定することができる。たと
えば、？、８．９．１０の減衰量をそれぞれ４ｄＢ、８
ｄＢ、１６ｄｌｌ、３２ｄ口とすれば６０ｄＢとなるか
ら、これらの組合わせで０〜６０ｄＢの減衰量範囲を４
ｄＢステツプで設定できる可変減衰器が実現できる。(Prior Art) A circuit as shown in FIG. 6 is used as a variable attenuator that can be used from direct current to high frequencies. Multiple damping elements assembled with resistors? , 8, 9.10 and a plurality of lossless transmission lines 11.12.13.14 are connected in a cascade, and relays or switches 2.2' to 2.2' are placed on both sides of the cascade connection.
5.5' (Contacts with the same numbers like 2 and 2' represent the parent contacts of relays or switches that move in conjunction with each other) and insert the desired damping elements in combination to control the input and output. The amount of attenuation between terminals 1-6 can be varied to a desired value. Each damping element? , 8.9.
By appropriately selecting the ten attenuation amounts, it is possible to freely set a wide range of attenuation amounts in fixed steps. for example,? , 8.9.10 attenuation of 4 dB and 8, respectively.
dB, 16 dll, and 32 d mouth, it will be 60 dB, so these combinations will reduce the attenuation range from 0 to 60 dB to 4.
A variable attenuator that can be set in dB steps can be realized.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
第６図に示すような可変減衰器のリレー又はスイッチ２
．２′〜５．５′としては特に高周波特性を重視する場
合、メイクビフォアブレーク（ＭＢＢ：切換え時に、可
動接片が元の接点から離れる前に他方の接点に接続され
、−時的に両接点共に接続される動作をする）形の物は
得難いので、−般にはブレークビフォアメイク（ＢＢＭ
＋切換時に可動接片が元の接点から離れた後に他方の接
点に接続されるため一時的に回路が断となる）形が用い
られる。(Problem to be solved by the invention) Relay or switch 2 of a variable attenuator as shown in Fig. 6
．． 2' to 5.5', especially when high frequency characteristics are important, make-before-break (MBB): At the time of switching, the movable contact is connected to the other contact before separating from the original contact, and both contacts are temporarily connected. Break-before-make (BBM) is generally used because it is difficult to obtain
During switching, the movable contact moves away from the original contact and then connects to the other contact, causing the circuit to be temporarily disconnected.
この場合、減衰量を切換える場合に、入出力１−６間の
信号伝送が一時的に断となるため、出力レベルが一時的
に大きく変化し信号レベルに感応して動作するような回
路が後段に用いられている場合などには誤動作を生じる
という問題があったこの発明は、安価で高周波特性の良
い８８Ｍ形のリレー又はスイッチを用いても減衰量切換
え時に信号の瞬断が生じず、なめらかな減衰量切換えが
行なえるようにするものである。In this case, when switching the attenuation amount, signal transmission between input and output 1-6 is temporarily interrupted, so the output level changes temporarily and the circuit that operates in response to the signal level is This invention, which had the problem of malfunctions when used in applications such as those used in This allows for easy attenuation switching.
（課題を解決するための手段）
この発明では、ＢＢＭ形リレす又はスイッチを用いても
減衰量切損え時に伝送信号の瞬断を生じないようにする
ため、減衰素子を構成する抵抗を含む素子で互いに接続
してお（。(Means for Solving the Problems) In this invention, in order to prevent instantaneous interruption of the transmission signal when the attenuation is cut off even if a BBM type relay or switch is used, a resistor constituting the attenuation element is included. Connect each other with elements (.
（作用）
このように、リレー又はスイッチの親接点間が抵抗を含
む素子で接続されているので、リレー又はスイッチの可
動接片がいずれの子接点から離れた状態になっても入出
力間はこの素子で接続されていることになり、減衰量切
換え時においても信号の瞬断を生じない、さらに、抵抗
値を適当に選んでおけばこの過渡状態での等価減衰量を
切換えられる減衰量の中間の値とすることができるので
なめらかな減衰量変化を実現することができる。(Function) In this way, since the parent contacts of the relay or switch are connected by an element containing resistance, even if the movable contact of the relay or switch is separated from any child contact, the input and output will be connected. Since the connection is made with this element, there will be no instantaneous interruption of the signal even when switching the attenuation amount.Furthermore, if the resistance value is appropriately selected, the attenuation amount that can switch the equivalent attenuation amount in this transient state can be adjusted. Since the value can be set to an intermediate value, a smooth change in attenuation amount can be realized.
（実施例） 第１図は、この発明の一実施例を示している。(Example) FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention.
これは第６図のカスケード状に接続される複数の減衰素
子？、８．９．１０を構成する抵抗素子の各１素子？−
２，８−２，９−２，１０−２を分離して、それぞれ接
点２と２′、３と３′、４と４′、５と５゛の間に接続
したものである。このようにすれば、減衰量切換え時に
、リレー又はスイッチの可動片がいずれの接点から離れ
た断状態となっても、入出力間は抵抗素子？１ｐ４．
８ν（中等を通じて接続されていることになり、入出力
に接続されるインピーダンスとこれらの抵抗素子の値と
で決まる減衰量が挿入されたのと等価になる。Is this the multiple attenuation elements connected in cascade as shown in Figure 6? , 8.9.1 each of the resistive elements constituting 10? −
2, 8-2, 9-2, and 10-2 are separated and connected between contacts 2 and 2', 3 and 3', 4 and 4', and 5 and 5', respectively. In this way, even if the movable piece of the relay or switch is disconnected from any contact when switching the attenuation amount, there will be no resistance element between the input and output. 1p4.
This is equivalent to inserting an attenuation amount determined by the impedance connected to the input/output and the values of these resistance elements.
これらを減衰器セクシ四ンが１個の場合について詳細に
説明する。第２図は、インピーダンス７５Ωの伝送線路
系に用いられる冨型抵抗減衰器の１セクション−の例で
ある。リレー又はスイッチが接点ａ側に接続されている
状態では入出力端子間に、無損失伝送路２がＲｂと並列
に挿入されるため、入出力間は短絡状態となり減衰量は
ＯｄＢとなる。リレー又はスイッチが接点す側に接続さ
れた状態ではＲａ＋ＲｂＪｃから成る抵抗回路２ｇ４が
入出力間に挿入されることになり、図示された抵抗値の
場合は８ｄＢの減衰量となる。These will be explained in detail for the case where there is one attenuator section. FIG. 2 is an example of one section of a multi-resistance attenuator used in a transmission line system with an impedance of 75Ω. When the relay or switch is connected to the contact a side, the lossless transmission line 2 is inserted between the input and output terminals in parallel with Rb, so the input and output are short-circuited and the attenuation is OdB. When the relay or switch is connected to the contact side, a resistor circuit 2g4 consisting of Ra+RbJc is inserted between the input and output, and the illustrated resistance value results in an attenuation of 8 dB.
リレー又はスイッチの可動片がａ、ｂいずれの接点にも
接続されない過渡状態ではほぼ半分の減衰量となり、出
力レベルの変化がなめらかに行われることになる。これ
に対し、従来例のようにＲｈがＲａ 、 Ｒｃのｂ接点
側に接続されていた場合は、過渡状態ではψに近い減衰
量となり出力レベルの瞬断が生じる。In a transient state where the movable piece of the relay or switch is not connected to either contact a or b, the amount of attenuation is approximately half, and the output level changes smoothly. On the other hand, when Rh is connected to the b contact side of Ra and Rc as in the conventional example, the attenuation amount is close to ψ in a transient state, causing a momentary interruption in the output level.
第３図は、この発明の他の実施例を示したものである。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention.
ここでは一方のリレー又はスイッチ説接点２０と他方の
リレー又はスイッチのａ接点を＝ ｔｎｎ綿線路接続し
、これと他方のリレー又はスイッチの親接点２０′間に
抵抗素子Ｒｈを挿入するようにしている。このような構
成とし、Ｒｈに小形の素子を用いるとリレー又はスイッ
チを切換えて減衰量０の状態にした時、第２図において
２とＲｈが並列に挿入される場合と比較して、第３図に
おける状態の方が
伝送路が２分される距離が短くなるため−、゛特に高周
波領域で減衰量０の時の損失及びＶＳＷＲ特性を改善す
ることができる。Here, the contact 20 of one relay or switch and the a contact of the other relay or switch are connected by =tnn wire, and a resistance element Rh is inserted between this and the parent contact 20' of the other relay or switch. There is. With such a configuration and using a small element for Rh, when the relay or switch is switched and the attenuation amount is 0, the third In the state shown in the figure, the distance over which the transmission line is divided into two is shorter, so that it is possible to improve the loss and VSWR characteristics when the attenuation amount is 0, especially in the high frequency region.
過渡状態での減衰量特性については第２図の場合と同じ
である。The attenuation characteristics in the transient state are the same as those shown in FIG.
第４図はこの発明のさらに別の実施例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of the invention.
これは、直列抵抗素子ＲｈをＲｂｌとＲｂ２に分け（Ｒ
ｈ−Ｒｂｌ／／Ｒｂ２） 、 Ｒｂｌの分だけを親接点
間の接続に使用したもので、このようにすることにより
特に減衰量の大きいセクションにおいて減衰量の周波数
特性を改善できる場合がある８例えば、減衰ｆｉ１６ｄ
Ｂの時Ｒｈ−２３１オームとなるが、これをＲｂｌ ＝
３３２オーム、 Ｒｂ２ ＝７９０オームに分割する方
が高周波における減衰量の変動が小さいことが実験によ
り確認されている。この場合、過渡状態における減衰量
はやや大きくなるが、０と正規減衰量の間にとどまり、
信号の瞬断を防ぐというこの発明の主な効果には変わり
ない。This divides the series resistance element Rh into Rbl and Rb2 (R
h-Rbl//Rb2), only Rbl is used for the connection between the parent contacts, and by doing so, it may be possible to improve the frequency characteristics of the attenuation, especially in sections where the attenuation is large 8 For example: , damping fi16d
When B, it becomes Rh-231 ohm, which is Rbl =
It has been confirmed through experiments that the variation in attenuation at high frequencies is smaller when divided into 332 ohms and Rb2 = 790 ohms. In this case, the amount of attenuation in the transient state becomes somewhat large, but it remains between 0 and the normal amount of attenuation,
The main effect of this invention, which is to prevent instantaneous signal interruption, remains the same.
第５図は、第３図あるいは第４図で示されたセクション
を複数個、従続した例で、このように接続して、広範囲
の減衰量を一定のステップで切換えられる高周波特性の
優れた可変減衰器が実現できる。Figure 5 shows an example in which multiple sections shown in Figures 3 or 4 are connected in series, and by connecting them in this way, a wide range of attenuations can be switched in fixed steps, resulting in excellent high-frequency characteristics. A variable attenuator can be realized.
なお、切換時にその減衰量を段階的に増加減少するよう
にＲｂを設定しておけばスムーズに変化するようにでき
る。Note that if Rb is set so that the amount of attenuation increases or decreases in stages at the time of switching, smooth changes can be made.
以上の説明では切換えをリレーの接点によってする実施
例について述べた。リレーによらず、手動のスイッチに
よって切換える場合であっても、この発明の技術思想は
そのまま利用できる。また減衰素子の形式、その分割の
仕方も本発明の要旨を変更せずに適宜実施できる。In the above explanation, an embodiment in which switching is performed using relay contacts has been described. The technical concept of the present invention can be used as is even when switching is performed using a manual switch instead of a relay. Further, the type of the attenuation element and the method of dividing it can be implemented as appropriate without changing the gist of the present invention.
（発明の効果）
以上の説明から明らかなように、この発明によれば、ス
イッチの親接点間に抵抗器を接続したから
（イ）、９Ｊｆｉえに、ＭＢＢ形のような特殊なリレー
を使用せずに、ＢＢＭ形のリレーを用いても、減衰量切
換え時に信号の瞬断を生じないステップ減衰器を実現で
きる。(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, since a resistor is connected between the parent contacts of the switch (a), a special relay such as the MBB type is used in addition to the 9Jfi. Even if a BBM type relay is used instead of the above, it is possible to realize a step attenuator that does not cause instantaneous signal interruption when switching the attenuation amount.
（ロ）この場合、部品数は従来の物と同等であり、製造
の難しさ、コストも増加することはなく実用上の効果は
極めて大きい。(b) In this case, the number of parts is the same as that of conventional products, and there is no increase in manufacturing difficulty or cost, and the practical effect is extremely large.
（ハ）また、減衰量切換え時に減衰量がスムーズに段階
的に変化するから他の４ｆｆｉ器への影響が少ないとい
う利点がある。(c) Furthermore, since the attenuation amount changes smoothly in stages when switching the attenuation amount, there is an advantage that there is little influence on other 4ffi devices.
第１図はこの発明の実施例を示す回路図、第２図は１セ
クション分についてこの発明の実施例を示す回路図、第
３図、第４図及び第５図はそれぞれこの発明の他の実施
例を示す回路図、第６図は従来例を示す回路図である。
図中の１は入力端子、２．２’ 、 ３．３’ 、
４．４’５．５′は親接点、６は出力端子、７ａ、７
ｂ、７ｃ、８ａ、８ｂ。
、９ａ、９ｂ、９ｃ、１０ａ、１０ｂ、１０ｃは抵抗減
衰素子、１１．１２，１３．１４． Ｚは無１員失伝送
路をそれぞれ示す。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of this invention, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of this invention for one section, and FIGS. A circuit diagram showing an embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional example. 1 in the figure is an input terminal, 2.2', 3.3',
4.4'5.5' is the main contact, 6 is the output terminal, 7a, 7
b, 7c, 8a, 8b. , 9a, 9b, 9c, 10a, 10b, 10c are resistive damping elements, 11.12, 13.14. Z indicates a no-member lost transmission path.
Claims (1)
とから成り、該スイッチを切換えることにより、入出力
間に減衰素子を挿入し、所望の減衰量を得るようにした
可変減衰器において、該スイッチの親接点（２，２’）
間を接続する抵抗器（７ｂ）回路を備えたことを特徴と
する可変減衰器。A variable attenuator is composed of a plurality of cascade-connected attenuation elements and a plurality of switches, and by switching the switch, the attenuation element is inserted between the input and output to obtain a desired amount of attenuation. Parent contact (2, 2')
A variable attenuator characterized by comprising a resistor (7b) circuit connected between the two.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10193689A JPH02280519A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1989-04-21 | Variable attenuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10193689A JPH02280519A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1989-04-21 | Variable attenuator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02280519A true JPH02280519A (en) | 1990-11-16 |
Family
ID=14313800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10193689A Pending JPH02280519A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1989-04-21 | Variable attenuator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02280519A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05327387A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Programmable attenuator |
| JP2005204110A (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-28 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc | Electric power amplifying unit for transmitter |
| JP2013258575A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-26 | Toshiba Techno Network Kk | Signal transmission gain switching circuit |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS509869U (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1975-01-31 | ||
| JPS5827415A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-02-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Variable attenuator |
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 JP JP10193689A patent/JPH02280519A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS509869U (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1975-01-31 | ||
| JPS5827415A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-02-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Variable attenuator |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05327387A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Programmable attenuator |
| JP2005204110A (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-28 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc | Electric power amplifying unit for transmitter |
| JP2013258575A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-26 | Toshiba Techno Network Kk | Signal transmission gain switching circuit |
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