JPH02243181A - Glass door frame of pinball game machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the strength and decorative property of a glass door frame by providing a position regulating lug on a reinforcing bent portion projecting to the center of a plane part inside and outside the frame and an end edge of the plane part inside the frame to form glass receiving recesses respectively between a mounting piece on the rear side of the plane part inside the glass door frame and an elevated partition part and between the elevated partition part and an erected projection. CONSTITUTION:A glass door frame 5 is constituted of a front face part 60 and a receiving member 61. The front face part 60 is formed on both inner and outer sides with a plane part 62 and reinforcing bent portion 63. The inside plane part 62 is provided on the end edge with a position regulating lug 66 bent toward a glass 75. The outside plane part 62 is provided on the end edge with a lug 67 bent outward in the three directions except for the hinge side one. The glass door frame 5 is provided on the journal side with bearing parts 70. The glass receiving part 61 is formed with a curved glass receiving recess 74 between a mounting piece 71 sticked on the back of the inside plane part 62, elevated partition part 72 and erected projection part 73, between the mounting piece 71 and the elevated partition part 72 and between the elevated partition part 72 and erected projection part 73 to receive the glass 75 in the glass receiving member.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention stores double glass in the front of the game board of a pinball game machine, supports one side with a hinge, and supports the other side with a hinge. This invention relates to a glass door frame for a pinball game machine, which is attached to a metal frame with a locking device so as to be openable and closable.

[Prior Art] As is well known, in conventional pinball game machines, double glass is placed in front of the game board, but this double glass is housed in a glass door frame. It is something that

However, conventional glass door frames are made by framing two vertical and horizontal metal plates into a frame shape, welding the four corners of the frame, and welding a glass storage member having a glass storage recess to the back of the frame. It was composed.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional glass door frame described above, since the vertical members and the horizontal members are joined by welding, sufficient strength cannot be obtained, and there is a risk of warping or screws during welding. There was a problem that the glass could not be stored smoothly due to the cracks. In addition, conventional glass door frames had the problem of poor decorativeness, as the storage end of the glass and the end of the game board were visible.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a glass door frame for a pinball game machine that has sufficient strength, does not warp or twist, and is decorative. It is about providing.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the glass door frame of the pinball game machine according to the present invention includes: a glass door frame on the front side and a glass storage provided on the back side of the front side The front part is in the shape of a picture frame made by forming an opening facing the game board in a single plate, and its four inner eccentric parts are formed in an arc shape, and when viewed in cross section, , flat parts are formed on both sides of the inside and outside of the glass door frame, a reinforcing bent part is formed in the center of the part to protrude forward, and the tip edge of the flat part inside the glass door frame is bent toward the glass surface. A position regulating protrusion protrudes from the outside of the glass door frame on the hinge side, and an outer bent protrusion protrudes from the tip edge of the flat part on the outside of the glass door frame, excluding the hinge side. On the tip edge of the flat part,
forming a bearing part, the glass storage member has an attachment piece attached to the back side of the flat part inside the glass door frame, and a partition protrusion and an upright protrusion are provided in parallel with the attachment piece, The present invention is characterized in that a glass storage recess is formed between the attachment piece and the partition bulge and between the partition bulge and the upright protrusion.

Further, the height of the attachment piece is formed higher than the height of the partition protrusion and the raised protrusion.

[Function] Since the frame-shaped glass door frame is constructed from a single sheet of plate material, the trouble of welding can be omitted.In addition, the front part is separated from the flat part, the reinforcing bent part, and the @ edge of each horizontal part. Since it is composed of a device regulating protrusion and an outer bending protrusion,
It is possible to provide a glass door frame that has increased strength and is free from warping and twisting. In addition, since the inside of the uneven part is formed in an arc shape, the edge of the game board is hidden, and by forming the height of the attachment piece of the glass storage member to be higher than the height of the partition raised part and the raised protrusion, The storage edge of the glass and the edge of the game board are hidden to enhance the decorative aspect.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Overall Structure of the Pinball Game Machine First, the overall structure of the pinball game machine will be explained with reference mainly to FIG. FIG. 6 is a front view of the pachinko game machine 1 as an example of a pinball game machine. In the figure,
The pachinko game machine 1 has a front frame 2 formed in the shape of a picture frame. The front frame 2 is pivotally supported on the negative side by an outer frame (not shown) with a hinge plate 16a16b so as to be openable and closable, and the other side is closed by a locking device (not shown). Further, a metal frame 4 is provided around the opening 3 of the front frame 2 (see Fig. 1), and a glass door frame 5 is attached to the upper side of the frame 4 via a hinge on one side of the metal frame 4, and a front plate is attached to the lower side of the frame 4 via a hinge. 6 are provided so that they can be opened and closed, respectively. The glass door frame 5 and the front plate 6 are configured to be locked on the side opposite to the pivot side by a locking means. Further, the glass door frame 5 is provided with two glasses 75 as described later, and the game board 7 can be seen through the glasses 75. The game board 7 is detachably attached to a game board support member 8 fixed to the back surface of the front frame 2, and the game board 7 is attached to the game board support member 8.
A game space 9 (see FIG. 5) is formed between the game board 7 and the glass 75 in which the ball is dropped.

Since the gaming space 9 is equipped with various winning devices that are directly related to the interests of the players, a glass door is installed to prevent players from using illegal parts on these winning devices. It is necessary to assemble the frame 5 accurately.

A batted ball supply tray 10 is fixed on the surface of the front plate 6 for storing prize balls paid out by winning batted balls.

The prize balls supplied to the hit ball supply tray 10 are divided into a predetermined number (for example, 13) and released by a mechanical plate (not shown) arranged on the back side of the pachinko game machine 1.

For this reason, it is necessary for the prize balls to flow accurately from the back side of the pachinko game machine 1 to the front side. Further, the downstream side of the batted ball supply tray 10 is connected to a batted ball supply device (not shown) that supplies each batted ball to a firing rail (not shown) provided below the game board 7. The ball must be accurately sent from the ball to the launch rail.

As mentioned above, the glass door frame 5 needs to be installed so as to protect the winning device provided on the game board 7 from fraudulent activity, and the front panel 6 needs to be installed so that the prize balls that have been paid out can smoothly flow in. Therefore, it must be installed accurately and firmly. In other words, it is necessary to accurately attach the metal frame 4 on which the glass door frame 5 and the front plate 6 are pivotally supported to the front frame 2, and also to ensure that the metal frame 4, the glass door frame 5, and the front plate 6 are mutually accurately and It needs to be strongly supported. Therefore, in this embodiment, the metal frame 4, the glass door frame 5, and the front plate 6 are attached using a configuration that will be described later.

Further, below the front frame 2, there is an operation handle 11 that adjusts the flight distance of the batted ball and starts driving a firing device (not shown), and a surplus ball that stores prize balls that cannot be stored in the batted ball supply tray 10. The saucers 12 are each fixed.

The overall configuration of the pachinko game machine 1 has been described above, but the configurations of the front frame 2 including the glass door frame 5, the metal frame 4, and the front plate 6, which are the main parts of this embodiment, will be described below.

Front Frame The configuration of the front frame 2 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5.

A stepped shelf portion 15 is carved in the opening 3 of the front frame 2. A part of the metal frame 4 is stored in this shelf section 15. Moreover, metal hinges 16a16b are fixed to the upper and lower sides of one side of the front frame 2, as described above, for pivotally supporting the outer frame (not shown) so as to be openable and closable. Also, the hinge 16a.

An upper storage space 17 is formed above the shelf 15 of the side frame portion that is pivotally supported by the side frame portion 16b, and is continuously cut upward from the shelf portion 15. , a side storage space 18 is formed which is cut out in the horizontal direction continuously from the shelf part 15, and below the shelf part 15 in the side frame part, a side storage space 18 is formed which is cut out continuously in the lower part of the shelf part 15. A chipped lower housing space 19 is formed. These accommodation spaces 17~
19 accommodates hinge elements provided on the metal frame 4 or the glass door frame 5 and the front plate 6.

Gold film Next, referring mainly to FIGS. 2 to 5, the gold frame 4 is
The configuration of is explained below.

As shown in FIG. 2, the metal frame 4 is made up of a left vertical frame 20, a right vertical frame 21, an upper horizontal frame 22, and a lower horizontal frame 23, whose ends are overlapped and spot welded, and the entire frame is assembled. It is shaped like a picture frame. In the case shown, the horizontal frame 22.23 is the vertical frame 20.2.
1 and is connected to the front side. In addition, each frame 20-2
3 extends along the front frame 2 with a bulge forming a reinforcing cavity 29 between the front frame 2 and the front frame 2, as shown in FIG.
0, a first bent surface 25 that falls from the outer surface 24 into the front frame opening 3 along the side surface of the shelf 15 of the front frame 2, and from the lower end of the first bent surface 25. It is composed of a second bent surface 26 extending inwardly along the bottom surface of the shelf portion 15 of the front frame 2, and a third bent surface 27 rising from the tip of the second bent surface 26 in the extending direction. These outer surfaces 24, first curved surface 25, second curved surface 26
, the third bent surface 27 is integrally formed by press working. Note that the first to third curved surfaces 25 to 27 are not formed over the entire length of the horizontal frame 22, 23, and some portions are provided with cutouts. The metal frame 4 is fixed to the front frame 2 by passing screws 31 through fixing holes 30 formed in the outer surface 24 and screwing them onto the front frame 2. In the illustrated embodiment, a fastening hole is also formed in the second bent surface 26, and the metal frame 4 is fixed to the front frame 2 by passing screws through the fastening hole.

Further, the first bent surface 25, the second bent surface 26, and the third bent surface 27 described above form a first prevention space 28 that prevents unauthorized members from entering between the metal frame 4 and the glass door frame 5. are doing. In addition, the outer surface 24 is bulged to form a reinforcing cavity 29 between it and the front frame 2, so that the rigidity of the metal frame 4 itself is increased and the metal frame 4 can be easily attached to the front frame 2. It has the effect of increasing the strength of.

By the way, the upper end of the left vertical frame 20 on the side where the glass door frame 5 and front plate 6 are pivotally supported among the frame frames 20 to 23 is bent so as to enter the first blocking space 28, and A support hole 32 is formed in the support hole 32. This support hole 32 is provided at a position extending from the first bent surface 25 of the upper horizontal frame 22. Further, an intermediate support plate 33 is provided at a position slightly below the middle of the left vertical frame 720 so as to enter the first blocking space 28 , and a through hole 3 is provided in the center of the intermediate support plate 33 .
4 is drilled. Note that the intermediate support plate 33 is press-formed by itself, and is joined by spot welding from the back surface of the first bent surface 25 of the left vertical frame 20. Therefore, the back surface of the first bent surface 25, on which the intermediate support plate 33 is provided, is in a somewhat protruding state.

Further, at the end of the lower horizontal frame 23, the first bent surface 2
A support hole 35 is formed in 5.

The support hole 32, through hole 34, and support hole 35 described above are
It constitutes the other hinge element, and the glass door frame 5
It also engages with one of the hinge elements provided on the front panel 6, which will be described later, to ensure smooth opening and closing operations of the glass door frame 5 and the front panel 6.

On the other hand, the right vertical frame 21 is provided with a locking mechanism for locking the glass door frame 5 and the front plate 6. Of these, the locking device 40 that locks the glass door frame 5 includes a locking auxiliary plate 41 fixed along the third bent surface of the right vertical frame 21 and the locking auxiliary plate 4
1, and a locking plate 42 that is provided to be slidable up and down.

A locking part storage notch 43 is formed at two places on the top and bottom of the locking auxiliary plate 41 to accommodate a locking part (not shown) fixed to the side surface of the glass storage member 61 of the glass door frame 5. At least the lower edge of the stopper housing notch 43 forms a lower edge inclined portion 44 that is inclined in the opening direction. Further, a regulating vertical portion 4 extends vertically upward from the rear end of the lower edge inclined portion 44.
It is 5. The locking plate 42 is always biased upward by a spring 46 interposed between it and the auxiliary locking plate 41, but this is due to the guide bin protruding from the auxiliary locking plate 41. 47 is guided by passing through a guide hole 48 formed in the locking plate 42. The guide hole 48 is formed in a diagonally elongated shape that becomes closer to the front as it goes from top to bottom, and when the locking plate 42 is pushed down against the biasing force of the spring 46, the guide hole 48 is locked. The entire locking plate 42 comes to protrude forward with respect to the auxiliary plate 41.

The locking plate 42 has a rearwardly extending operating lever 49 secured to it approximately in the center thereof, and locking claw portions 50 are formed above and below the operating lever 49 . The operating lever 49 is operated when you want to open the glass door frame 5 from the back of the pachinko game machine 1 while the front frame 2 is open. By pushing down the operating lever 49, the locking plate 42 is moved downward. Then, the glass door frame 5 can be opened. In the illustrated embodiment, the operating lever 49 can be rotated relative to the locking plate 42, so that the protruding state of the operating lever 49 may be an obstacle when carrying the metal frame 4 at a manufacturing factory. In such a case, the operating lever 49 can be rotated to prevent the operating lever 49 from protruding.

The locking claw portion 50 is provided at a position corresponding to the locking portion storage notch 43, and the receiver whose front edge is inclined in the direction of opening constitutes an inclined surface 51, and whose rear edge is substantially vertical. However, from the lower end of the rear end edge, a relief slope 52 is formed that slopes rearward, and from the upper end of the relief slope 52, it slopes forward. A pushing inclined surface 53 is formed.

To explain the operation of the locking device 40 configured as described above, first, when the glass door frame 5 is locked to the locking device 40, the locking portion (not shown) of the glass door frame 5 is locked. It is in a state of engagement with the rear end edge of the claw 50. When the locking plate 42 starts moving downward in this state, the locking plate 4
2 moves downward while moving forward slightly due to the engagement between the guide pin 47 and the guide hole 48. At this time, the engaging claw 5
Since the escape slope 52 located at the rear of the glass door frame 5 is inclined rearward, the locking portion of the glass door frame 5 can move smoothly. When the locking plate 42 further moves downward, the upper end of the locking portion of the glass door frame 5 moves forward while coming into contact with the pushing slope 53, and when pushed out, the locking claw 50 Because it is in a position that does not engage with the apex, the glass door frame 5
The locking portion becomes free and the glass door frame 5 can be opened. After the glass door frame 5 is opened, the locking plate 42 is moved upward by the biasing force of the spring 46.

Next, when the glass door frame 5 is to be closed, the locking plate 42 is in an upwardly moved state. Therefore, the lower end of the locking part of the glass door frame 5 comes into contact with the inclined surface 51, but since the inclined surface 51 of the receiver is inclined toward the rear, the receiver strongly presses the glass door frame 5. By doing so, the lower end of the locking part of the glass door frame 5 presses against the inclined surface 51 and the locking plate 4
Move backward while holding down 2. Then, when the locking plate 42 passes over the top of the locking pawl 50, the locking plate 42 rises again due to the biasing force of the spring 46, and the locking portion of the glass door frame 5 and the locking pawl 50 engage with each other, causing the glass door to open. The frame 5 is locked to the metal frame 4. Note that the lower edge inclined portion 44 of the locking portion storage notch 43 formed on the locking auxiliary plate 41 does not have any effect when the glass door frame 5 maintains an accurate position with respect to the metal frame 4. However, even if the locking part side shifts slightly downward when the glass door frame 5 is opened, the lower end of the locking part is guided upward when the glass door frame 5 is closed, and the locking part is smoothly moved to the correct locking position. It allows you to move.

Glass Door Frame Next, the structure of the glass door frame 5 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1, 5, and 6.

The glass door frame 5 includes a front part 60 located so as to be continuous with the outer surface 24 of the metal frame 4, and a glass storage member provided on the back side of the front part 60 in the frame part excluding the upper part of the glass door frame 5. 61.

When viewed in cross section, the front portion 60 has flat portions 62 formed on both sides in the inner and outer directions, as shown in FIG.
A reinforcing bent portion 63 is formed at the center sandwiched between the two portions 2 and 2 and protrudes forward. Further, a position regulating protrusion 66 bent toward the glass 75 is provided at the tip edge of the flat part 62 located on the inside.
is provided, and at the tip edge of the flat part 62 located on the outside,
an outer bent protrusion 67 that can enter the first blocking space 28;
is provided. However, the outer bent protrusions 67 are formed on three sides except for the hinge side. As a result of the front part 60 being formed as described above, the strength of the glass door frame 5 itself is increased, it is also excellent in decoration, and it is prevented from warping or twisting when the glass storage member 61, which will be described in detail later, is attached. It is possible to provide a glass door frame 5 that does not have any

As shown in FIG. 6, the glass door frame 5 is formed into a picture frame shape with an opening 64 facing the game board 7 in a single plate, and the four eccentric parts 65 on the inside thereof are arc-shaped. It has been processed to become. By processing in this manner, the even corner portions of the game board 7 are reliably hidden and the decorative effect is enhanced.

Further, a cylindrical bearing portion 70 is provided on the pivot side of the glass door frame 5, and an upper pivot 68 and a lower pivot 69 project from above and below the bearing portion 70. The upper pivot 68 is inserted into the support hole 32 and projects upward from the support hole 32;
The protruding portion is accommodated in the upper accommodation space 17.

On the other hand, the lower pivot 69 is supported by passing through the through hole 34 formed in the intermediate support plate 33. The lower pivot 69 protruding from the through hole 34 is configured to insert an upper bearing sleeve 81, which will be described later, formed at the upper portion of the front plate 6 on the pivot side. Since the lower part of the glass door frame 5 and the upper part of the front plate 6 are supported in the through hole 34 in this way, it is necessary to firmly fix the intermediate support plate 33 to the metal frame 4. The intermediate support plate 33 is constructed separately and is attached to the back surface of the first bent surface 25 of the metal frame 4 by spot welding. Note that the upper pivot 68 and the lower pivot 69 constitute one hinge element, and the first blocking space 2
It is located within 8.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the glass storage member 61 of the glass door frame 5 extends to the vicinity of the game board support member 8 to prevent unauthorized parts from entering. The glass storage member 61 includes an attachment piece 71 fixed to the back surface of the inner plane part 62, a partition raised part 72 and an upright protrusion 73 that protrude in parallel with the attachment piece 71, and an attachment piece 71.
and a glass storage recess 74 formed between the partition protrusion 72 and the partition protrusion 72 and the upright protrusion 73. The glass storage recess 74 is formed into a curved shape, and the glass 75 is stored therein. In this case, when the thickness of the glass 75 and the curvature value of the glass storage recess 74 are approximately the same, the glass 75
Since the peripheral edges of the glass 75 are supported by two straight lines on the inner surface of the glass storage recess 74, the position can be easily regulated and the wobbling of the glass 75 can be reduced. Further, the partition raised portion 72 and the upright protrusion 73 are the attachment piece 7
1, so that the partition raised part 72 and the upright protrusion 73 are not visible by the front part 60 of the glass door frame 5 when viewed from the front.

When the glass door frame 5 configured as described above is attached to the front frame 2 (more precisely, attached via the metal frame 4), the glass storage member 61, the metal frame 4, the front frame 2, and the Together with the board support member 8, a second blocking space 76 for preventing unauthorized members from entering is formed. As a result, the above-mentioned first blocking space 28
At the same time, the intrusion of unauthorized parts inserted between the metal frame 4 and the glass door frame 5 or between the metal frame 4 and the front frame 2 is effectively prevented.

Front Plate Next, the structure of the front plate 6 will be explained with reference to FIG.

An engagement space 80 having a U-shaped cross section is formed facing forward on the upper side of the front panel 6, and the glass door frame 5 is inserted into this engagement space 80.
An outer bent protrusion 67 formed on the lower frame portion of the housing is adapted to enter therein. This prevents unauthorized members from entering through the boundary line between the glass door frame 5 and the front plate 6. Additionally, upper bearing tubes 8 are provided above and below the shaft support side of the front plate 6.
1 and the lower bearing sleeve 82 are formed. Upper bearing tube 8
1 is the lower pivot 6 protruding from the lower end of the glass door frame 5.
9 is inserted to pivotally support the upper part of the front plate 6, and the lower bearing sleeve 8
2, a pivot pin 83 formed in an "L" shape is inserted, and the lower end of the pivot pin 83 is inserted into the support hole 35 to pivotally support the lower part of the front plate 6. .

The lower end of the pivot pin 83 protrudes from the support hole 35, and this protruding portion is accommodated in the lower accommodation space 19. Therefore, since the pivot pin 83 is in a free state, the front plate 6 can be opened and closed smoothly. Note that the upper bearing sleeve 81 and the lower bearing sleeve 8
2, and the pivot pin 83 constitute one hinge element,
It is adapted to be located within the first blocking space 28 .

The configuration of the pachinko game machine 1 according to the embodiment has been described above, but since the glass door frame 5 of this embodiment is constructed from a single plate material, welding is unnecessary. can be omitted. Moreover, since the front part 60 is composed of the flat part 62, the reinforcing bent part 63, and the device regulating protrusion 66 and the outer bending protrusion 67, which are made up of the edge of each horizontal part 62, the strength of the front part 60 is increased and warping is prevented. It is possible to provide a glass door frame 5 that is free from twisting and twisting. In addition, since the inside of the biased portion 65 is formed in an arc shape, the game board 7
By hiding the end of the glass storage member 61 and forming the height of the attachment piece 71 of the glass storage member 61 higher than the height of the partition raised part 72 and the raised protrusion 73, the storage end of the glass 75 and the end of the game board 7 are hidden. The decoration is enhanced by hiding it.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above explanation, in the glass door frame of the pinball game machine according to the present invention, the similar glass door frame is constructed from a single plate material, so welding is not necessary. You can save time and effort.

In addition, since the front part is composed of a flat part, a reinforcing bent part, a position regulating protrusion protruding from the edge of each horizontal part, and an outer bent protruding piece, the strength of the front part is increased and the glass is prevented from warping or twisting. Door frames can be provided. In addition, since the inside of the biased portion is formed in an arc shape, the storage edge of the glass and the edge of the game board are hidden, enhancing the decorativeness.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the relationship between the front frame, the metal frame, the glass door frame, and the front plate; Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the metal frame;
The figure is a perspective view of the metal frame assembled, Figure 4 is a front view of the metal frame, and Figure 5 is the relationship between the front frame, the metal frame, the glass door frame, the game board, and the game board support member. FIG. 6 is a front view of a pachinko game machine as an example of a pinball game machine. 1... Pachinko game machine (pinball game machine) 4... Metal frame 5... Glass door frame 7... Game board 40... Locking device 60... Front part 61... Glass storage member 62... Flat part 63... Reinforcement bent part 64... Opening part 65... Offset part 66... Position regulating protrusion piece 67... Outer bent protrusion piece 70... Bearing part 71... Attachment piece 72... Partition raised part 73... Upright projection 74...Glass storage recess 75...As a glass hinge 32...Support hole 33...Intermediate support plate 34...Through hole 68...Upper pivot 69...Lower pivot FIG.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A pinball game where a double glass is housed in the front of the game board of a pinball game machine, one side is supported by a hinge, and the other side is attached to a metal frame with a locking device so that it can be opened and closed. In the glass door frame of the machine, the glass door frame is composed of a front part and a glass storage member provided on the back side of the front part, and the front part has an opening facing the game board in a single plate. The four inner joints are formed into an arc shape, and when viewed in cross section, flat parts are formed on both sides of the glass door frame in the inner and outer directions, and the center thereof projects forward. A reinforcing bent portion is formed, and a position regulating protrusion that is bent toward the glass surface is provided on the tip edge of the flat portion inside the glass door frame, and a position regulating protrusion that is bent toward the glass surface is provided on the tip edge of the flat portion outside the glass door frame, excluding the hinge side. has an outer bent protrusion protruding toward the metal frame, and the tip edge of the flat part on the outside of the glass door frame on the hinge side.
forming a bearing part, the glass storage member has an attachment piece attached to the back side of the flat part inside the glass door frame, and a partition protrusion and an upright protrusion are provided in parallel with the attachment piece, A glass door frame for a pinball game machine, characterized in that glass storage recesses are formed between the attachment piece and the partition raised part and between the partition raised part and the upright protrusion. (2) The glass door of the pinball game machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the attachment piece of the glass storage member is formed higher than the height of the partition protrusion and the raised protrusion. frame.