JPH02241462A - Chest cavity drain - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To close the cavity of a chest in accordance with a simple structure, and to exhaust a lot of air by a lower vacuum pressure by the method wherein an air flow to be introduced into a chamber is made so as not to cause any air resistance between a ventilating tube and a column other than the air resistance caused by a water column. CONSTITUTION: When a patient breathes out, a breathed air and a drainage liquid are introduced together into the interior of a collectible chamber 12 from a discharging catheter through a check valve 24, and when the patient breathes in, the check valve 24 is closed so that prevents the counter flow of an accumulated air within the collectible chamber 12 into the patient's cavity of the chest. A vacuum regulator comprises a ventilating tube 34 and a transparent column 30. A vacuum level, i.e., a negative pressure, of the interior of the collectible chamber 12 is regulated by the height of water contained in the transparent column 30. When the negative pressure level of the collectible chamber 12 is further descended, the atmospheric air is sucked through the ventilating tube 34, and released into the transparent column 30, and then ascended by passing through the water, and then flowed into the collectible chamber 12 through an opening 32.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a chest cavity drain device.

[Conventional technology]

When performing surgery on or injuring the thoracic chamber,
Air and fluid must be removed from the thoracic cavity. if,
If air and fluid are not adequately removed from the thoracic cavity,
The lungs are unable to expand into the thoracic cavity, leading to respiratory failure and the spread of infection.

Various types of drain devices are provided to drain air and the like from the thoracic cavity.

One involves inserting a catheter into the chest, the end of which is sealed by a removable condom, and connecting it to a complex device consisting of a series of interconnected chambers, often as many as five stages. It has become.

Problems with this device occur when large amounts of air leak from the lungs, which often occurs in older patients with congenital lung disease.

Such devices require high vacuums to exclude large amounts of air.

During normal exhalation, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity is negative relative to atmospheric pressure. This is a result of the lowering of the diaphragm and the increase in chest volume during exhalation with expansion of the thorax. The value of said negative pressure is typically 3.5 to 8.0 cm water column.

The flow rate of air is determined by the Hagen-Poiseuille method, which assumes that the pressure gradient and pipe length are constant, and that the radius of the pipe determines the flow velocity.
It is governed by the law of e). Anesthetists are well aware of this, and the respiratory circuit in anesthesia is kept as large and short as possible.

If the tube ends abruptly in the chamber, the flow will be
The flow becomes turbulent instead of laminar, and the flow resistance increases.

The length of the tube (i.e., the flow path) also depends on the use of vacuum.
is important.

If D=pipe diameter L=pipe passage length C=air flow rate (11/+++ in), then the air flow rate C is C=12.117.

For example, if L = 0.8g + (2.5 ft), flow 1 = 2
8.9241/winL = 1.4m (4.5 feet), flow rate = 14.5jl/m1nL = 3.1m
(10,0 feet), flow rate = 7.2Il/wi
It becomes n.

Therefore, air removal by the chest drain device is best achieved by maximizing the diameter of the tube and shortening the flow path connecting the thoracic cavity and the vacuum outlet.

Furthermore, if the change from monolayer flow to turbulent flow is abrupt, the flow path will be obstructed.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Conventional devices do not meet the criteria mentioned above.

The flow path is formed by connecting a plurality of chasivas, each of which creates turbulent flow. Pipe passages may be longer than necessary and may also include restrictions to control flow and pressure, all of which require a constant amount of air.
l: Requires high vacuum to remove.

The negative pressure required to keep the lungs inflated and allow normal breathing is usually small, and high vacuum makes normal breathing difficult.

The high vacuum traps the lung against the intrapleural catheter, occluding the catheter and rendering it useless, resulting in lung collapse. High vacuum also allows air leakage to continue or increase because it overcomes the lung tissue's own sealing forces.

A first object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved chest drain device.

A second object of the invention is to provide a simple device for removing air and fluid from the thoracic cavity using the widest and shortest flow path.

A third object of the invention is to provide a device of the above-mentioned type with which excessive negative pressure in the discharge pipe can be relieved.

A fourth object of the invention is to provide a device of the above type with means by which excessive pressure in the collection chamber can be relieved.

A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a thoracic drain device that includes a vacuum regulating column parallel to the collection chamber.

These and other objectives will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description.

[Means to solve the problem]

The thoracic drain device according to the invention comprises a collection chamber at its upper end having a first bore which is connected to a vacuum pump so as to create a negative pressure inside.

The collection chamber also has a second bore for connection with a catheter extending into the patient's chest.

A first valve is provided in the second cylindrical hole (the hole to which the cylinder is attached), which opens when exhaling and closes when inhaling.

A transparent column is provided inside the collection chamber and extends from the top end to the bottom end of the collection chamber.

A hole is drilled in the top of the transparent column to provide communication between the top inside of the collection chamber and the top inside of the transparent column.

A vent tube passes through the upper end of the collection chamber.

Extending downwardly within the transparent column, its lower end is located slightly above the lower end of the collection chamber.

The upper end of the vent pipe communicates with the atmosphere.

A drain hole is drilled in the upper end of the collection chamber and is normally closed by a flap-type drain valve. The exhaust valve communicates the upper interior of the collection chamber with the atmosphere when the interior of the collection chamber reaches a predetermined pressure.

A valve (elastic stopper) that opens when a needle is inserted is attached to the second cylindrical hole so that excessive negative pressure in the catheter can be released at any time.

The vacuum level, or negative pressure, inside the collection chamber is regulated by the height of the water in the transparent column.

When this level exceeds a limit, outside air enters through the top of the vent tube, descends, travels outward from the bottom of the vent tube, rises, passes through the hole in the top of the transparent column, and moves outward through the hole in the top of the transparent column. go out to Therefore, the vacuum can be limited by the height of the water in the column.

If the vacuum pump were to fail in the closed position, air from the lungs would increase the pressure within the chamber to a level that would cause the lung to collapse.
The valve, the exhaust valve, is adapted to open when the pressure inside the collection chamber becomes greater than atmospheric pressure.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The chest cavity drain device (lO) according to the present invention has an upper end (14
) and a lower end (16). The upper end of the collection chamber (12) is provided with a cylindrical bore (18) connected to a vacuum pump in order to create a negative pressure inside the collection chamber (12).

At one end of the upper surface of the collection chamber (12) there is a protrusion (20
) is provided. On the upper surface of this protrusion (20),
A cylindrical hole (22) is provided. Inside the protrusion (20), a normally open valve (24) is attached to the lower end of the cylindrical hole (22).

The valve (24) is either in the shape of an on-off valve that opens when exhaling and closes when inhaling, or it is in the form of a condom, such as a rubber plate.

The valve (24) is open when breathing stops.

A drainage catheter extending from the thoracic cavity is connected to the upper end of the tube hole (22).

An elastic stopper (28) is attached to the tip of the support tube (26) extending laterally from the tube hole (22). In some cases, a check valve, which will be described in detail later, may be installed instead of the elastic stopper (28).

Inside the collection chamber (12) there is a transparent column (30) extending from its upper end to its lower end.

As can be seen, the lower end of the transparent column (30) is attached in a gas-tight manner to the lower end of the collection chamber (12). Near the top of the transparent column (30),
A plurality of holes (32) are bored.

As can be seen, a vent tube (34) passes through the upper end of the collection chamber (12) and extends into the interior of the transparent column (30). The upper end of the ventilation pipe (34) communicates with the atmosphere. The lower end of the ventilation tube (34) is connected to the collection chamber (1).
2) is located slightly above the lower end (16).

Water (36) is contained up to a predetermined height between the outside of the ventilation pipe (34) and the inside of the transparent column (30).

For use, 1 ventilation pipe (34) and transparent column (30)
Pour water to the specified height between the cylinder hole (18) and
Connect to the vacuum pump. Insert the drainage catheter into the tube hole (22
), then operate the vacuum pump.

Normally, the valve (24) is open and when the patient exhales, air and fluid enter the collection chamber through the valve (24) from the drainage catheter.

Since the valve (24) is open when not in use, there is no need to apply force to open the valve when starting to use it, unlike a normally closed valve.

When the patient inhales, the valve closes to prevent air inside the collection chamber from flowing back into the thoracic cavity.

If excessive negative pressure develops in the tube that extends to the chest,
Insert the needle (38) into the elastic stopper (28) and open the tube hole (22).
) can be inflated and the valve (24) opened again.

The vent tube (34) and the transparent column (30) form a vacuum regulator. The vacuum level or negative pressure inside the collection chamber (2) is regulated by the height of the water inside the transparent column (30).

If the vacuum level becomes too high, outside air, i.e. atmospheric air, enters the inside of the upper part of the vent tube (34), flows down inside the vent tube (34) and outwards from its lower end, causing the transparent column (30)
'C rises through the water in the chamber and then flows into the interior of the collection chamber (2) through the hole (32).

In this device, the entire transparent column is located inside the collection chamber and provides parallel flow paths, so there is no need for series connections.

In the closed state of the valve, if the vacuum pump were to fail, air from the lungs could build up the pressure in the collection chamber to a level that could cause the lungs to collapse. To prevent this lung collapse, a relief valve, or evacuation valve (4
0) is provided.

The exhaust valve (40) normally closes an outlet (42) provided at the upper end (14) of the collection chamber (12). When the pressure in the collection chamber (12) reaches a predetermined level, the exhaust valve (40) opens and a pressure increase inside the collection chamber (2) is prevented.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The device according to the invention is simple in construction, can seal the thoracic cavity, and can evacuate a large amount of air with a low vacuum. Also, necessary safety devices are provided to simplify handling.

Thus, with the present invention, at least all of the above-mentioned objects can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device according to the invention. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the discharge valve portion of the device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the discharge valve shown in FIG. 4 in an open state. FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the main part showing the valve of the cylindrical hole. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 except that the valve is closed. Figure 8 shows that the valve is raised into the cylindrical hole.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of essential parts showing how to release excessive negative pressure within the catheter. (1) Thoracic drain device (2) Collection chamber (14)
Upper end (16) Lower end (18) Cylindrical hole
(20) Projection (22) Cylindrical hole (
24) Valve (26) Support tube (28) Elastic stopper (30) Transparent column (32) Hole (34) Ventilation pipe (38) Needle (42) Discharge hole (36>Water (40) Discharge valve FIG 4 FIG 6 FIG FIG, 7 FIG 9

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) a collection chamber having an upper end, a lower end, opposite sides and opposite ends, the upper end of which is adapted to be connected to a vacuum pump for creating a negative pressure therein; a collection chamber having a lumen and a second lumen adapted to be connected to a thoracic catheter; It is movable and opens when exhaling.
a first valve which is closed during inhalation and is adapted to discharge the volume of a thoracic catheter connected to the upper end of the chamber into the chamber; As it extends downward,
a vertical vent tube having an upper end in communication with the atmosphere and a lower end located slightly above the lower end of the chamber; and a collection chamber surrounding the vent tube and having a larger outer diameter than the vent tube; A column is provided in the chamber, and a water column of a predetermined height is formed between the ventilation pipe and the column, and the lower end of the column is sealed and connected to the chamber. A column is fixed to the lower end of the chamber, and the upper end of the column communicates with the inside of the upper part of the chamber, and usually a discharge hole provided at the upper end of the chamber is blocked. a second valve that allows communication between the upper interior of the chamber and the atmosphere when the interior of the chamber reaches a predetermined pressure; There is no barrier around the trachea and the column, so that the ambient air entering the chamber is separated by the water column that forms between the vent tube and the column. A chest cavity drain device, wherein the interior of the chamber is unrestricted except for resistance. (2) The chest cavity drain device according to claim (1), wherein the first valve is in an open state when not in use.