JPH0223252B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing,
In particular, it relates to a manufacturing method for semi-cylindrical sliding bearings that can reduce the number of manufacturing steps and achieve high-speed processing, mass production, increased freedom in selecting desired materials, stabilization of quality, and reduction in manufacturing costs. It is. The semi-cylindrical sliding bearing produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention can be put to practical use as is, but it can also be provided with a flange on one or both sides to produce a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with a flange on one or both sides. You can also do that.

Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a conventional semi-cylindrical sliding bearing will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. Figures 1 to 8 are diagrams explaining the manufacturing method called the centrifugal casting method, and Figures 9 and 10 are diagrams explaining the manufacturing method called the centrifugal casting method.
It is a figure explaining the manufacturing method called a forming method.

(1) The conventional method called the centrifugal casting method uses a cylindrical body 100 with flanges on both sides as shown in the perspective view of Fig. 1.
is created by forging from a steel ingot. FIG. 2 is a partially sectional front view of this cylindrical body 100. In Figures 1 and 2, for the convenience of explanation, we have forged a bearing with flanges on both sides, but some have flanges on one side, and others have no flanges at all. They are chosen voluntarily depending on the purpose of use. After the forging process, the oxide film (black skin) formed on the entire inner and outer surfaces of the cylindrical body 100 due to forging is removed by cutting or polishing to obtain a cylindrical body as shown in FIG. 3. Shape into 101.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, an iron plate or steel plate 102 having a bearing alloy molten metal injection hole 103 is attached and fixed to the side surface of the cylindrical body 101 by means such as welding. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, a molten metal of a copper-based bearing alloy such as a white metal (Bavitt metal) bearing alloy or a high melting point alloy Kelmet is injected through the injection hole 103 of the iron plate or steel plate 102, and a cylindrical shape is formed by centrifugal casting. A bearing alloy layer 104 is formed on the inner surface of the body 101 . Bearing alloys are limited to the above-mentioned white metals and copper-based alloys, and aluminum-based alloys cannot be used. The reason is that a brittle iron-aluminum compound is generated during casting, and the bearing alloy layer is likely to peel off, making it impractical.

Now, after casting, as shown in FIG. 6, the iron plate or steel plate 102 is removed and the cylindrical body 101 is
The bearing alloy layer 104 centrifugally cast on the inner surface of the cylindrical body 101 is cut to a predetermined thickness, the removed alloy is recovered, and the spacing, width, outer diameter, outer diameter of the flange, etc. of the cylindrical body 101 are then cut. is machined and turned to the specified dimensions.

Next, as shown in FIG.
5, and further machine the half-split surfaces into predetermined dimensions and smooth surfaces to obtain flanged semi-cylindrical sliding bearings 106, 106'. The above explanation describes the gist of the centrifugal casting method, but the actual process is even more complex, with a total of 31 steps required to reach the product, high-speed processing, This manufacturing method involved many problems in terms of mass production, quality stability, freedom of choice of bearing alloy, and product price.

(2) The conventional method called the bending forming method, as shown in Figure 9, first creates a flat bearing material (a composite bearing consisting of a single bearing member or backing metal and a bearing layer on the backing metal). materials, etc.)
110 is bent using a punch 108 and a die 107. Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the bent material 110' cut surface 1
11, a segment 113 is inserted between the forming block 112 and both cut surfaces 111, 111, and the cut surfaces 111, 111 are moved from the material 110' shown by the broken line to the solid line. At the same time, the segment 113 presses the inner peripheral surface of the material 110' against the die 107 and molds it into a predetermined shape.
A semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with predetermined dimensions is obtained.
Bending, which is based on the above process,
The forming method is as shown in Figure 9.
A phenomenon occurs in which R ₁ becomes smaller than the radius R ₂ of the punch 108, causing an unreasonable bending in the center of the material 110, and as shown at 109, the die 1
The edge of the material 110 contacts the material 11
A contact flaw occurs on the 0. Due to the forced bending introduced to the center of the blank 110, there is a risk of cracking during the forming process, as shown at 114 in FIG. Also,
As shown at 115, since the outer surface of the material is incompletely formed during the bending process, uneven thickness of the alloy may occur here. Furthermore, there is a risk that the thickness will be uneven near the cut surface as shown by the solid line in FIG. When confirmed through experiments, the above-mentioned problem does not appear to be a major drawback for bearings where the relationship between the thickness T of the bearing material and the outer diameter D of the manufactured bearing is in the range T/D < 0.07. However, it turns out that this drawback becomes extremely noticeable when T/D≧0.07. Therefore, there was a problem that the bending forming method could not provide a satisfactory product when T/D≧0.07.

In addition, in FIG. 10, segment 113
is fastened to the forming block 112 from below with bolts (not shown), but the two may be of integral construction or may be connected with adhesive or the like.

The present invention solves many of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional centrifugal casting method, and provides a method for easily manufacturing semi-cylindrical sliding bearings with a few steps.
On the other hand, it overcomes the shortcomings of the conventional bending forming method, especially in bearings in the range of T/D≧0.07. The present invention provides a method for making a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing that eliminates problems such as cracks in the parts.

Bearing materials where T/D≧0.07 are “ultra-thick wall”, bearing materials where 0.07>T/D≧0.04 are “medium wall”, and bearing materials where 0.04>T/D≧0.015 are “thin wall”. In other words, the advantages of the present invention are particularly remarkable in "ultra-thick" products, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can also be applied to medium- and thin-walled products with good effects. It brings about.

To summarize the features of the present invention, in the present invention, a flat bearing material (which may be made of either a single material or a composite material) is placed on the upper surface of a pair of rollers and the upper surface of a dictation that is movable up and down. A vertically movable punch is applied to the upper surface of the material, and while pressing the material with the punch, the material is moved downward while being supported by the duct, thereby allowing the material to pass between the pair of rollers. This manufacturing method includes a step of bending and forming the material into a semi-cylindrical shape along the outer peripheral surface of the punch as an essential step, and then bending and forming as in the conventional bending and forming method. According to the present invention, it is possible to form a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with a flange or a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing without a flange, as desired.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11 to 19. Figures 11 to 15 explain the process of manufacturing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing without a flange according to the present invention, Figure 16 is a perspective view of the obtained product, and Figure 17 is a diagram of the product. FIG. 18 and 19 are a side view and a bottom view of a flanged semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with flanges machined on both sides from the product shown in FIG. 16.

Now, first, an embodiment in which a cylindrical sliding bearing without a collar is manufactured according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 15. The thickness of the alloy layer is 0.75mm, which is made of copper-based bearing alloy (KJ3) lined (rolled after sintering) on a steel plate (S10C), total wall thickness.
A 14.95 mm composite plate 1 is placed on a pair of rollers 2, 2 and a dictation 3 as shown in FIG. 11, and a punch 4 is brought into contact with the surface of the composite plate 1 opposite to the dictation 3. Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the punch 4 is lowered and the dictation 3 is also lowered, and the composite plate 1 is pressed between a pair of rollers 2, 2 arranged with a gap of 180 mm. is subjected to bending processing (first bending). In this way, the punch 4 and the dictation 3 are lowered to a predetermined distance,
FIG. 13 shows a state in which the thick-walled cylindrical composite member 1' is bent. When the thus obtained thick-walled semicylindrical composite member 1' is removed from the punch 4 and between the rollers 2 and 2, its outer diameter is reduced to 180 mm between the rollers 2 and 2 due to the elasticity of the steel plate.
It is slightly wider than mm.

Next, this composite member 1' is pressed between a circular arc-shaped punch 5 having predetermined dimensions and a die 7 (inner diameter 180 mm) having a semicircular recess 6 until the composite member 1' is bent, that is, until the bending stress of the steel plate described above is removed. , and pressing (second bending) to obtain a semi-cylindrical composite member 11' as shown in FIG. After that, the 15th
As shown in the figure, using a die 7 and a forming block 10 with segments 9, the cut surface of a semi-cylindrical composite member 11' is press-formed into a semi-cylindrical shape in the same manner as previously described in FIG. A sliding bearing 11 is obtained. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the obtained bearing 11 has a copper backing metal 13 on the outside,
It has a bearing alloy layer 12 on the inside, and has a precise shape and dimension of an outer diameter of 180 mm. Then, it is possible to obtain a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of good quality in which no defects such as cracks, uneven thickness, etc. are observed in the bearing alloy layer 12, and no defects such as contact scratches or uneven thickness are observed on the backing metal.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the explanation has been made on the assumption that a composite plate having a steel plate and a copper-based bearing alloy layer deposited on the steel plate is used, but the backing metal layer is not limited to steel and may be made of iron or other materials. Any material may be used as the bearing alloy layer, and the bearing alloy layer is not limited to a copper-based alloy layer, and any material such as an aluminum-based alloy layer may be used as desired. Furthermore, it is needless to say that the bearing material is not limited to one with a metal backing layer, and a single bearing material can also be used. In addition, the method of the present invention is not limited to a composite plate having a single bearing alloy layer as shown in the above embodiment, but can also be applied to a so-called multilayer sliding bearing having multiple layers. Needless to say, it can be applied to produce products of good quality.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention for producing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with flanges on both sides will be described with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19. The method for making a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing without a flange is the same as that explained in FIGS. 11 to 15, so it will not be repeated. The flanged semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 11 thus obtained is first subjected to a medium height finishing process, a medium thickness finishing process, and a width finishing process. Next, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the outer peripheral surface of the steel back metal layer 13 is cut inward leaving both ends 15 (as shown at 14).
By forming both ends 15 into both flanges, a semicircular sliding bearing 1 with flanges on both sides (flange spacing 84 mm) is obtained.
1" can be obtained. The bearing 11" thus obtained can be provided with outer circumferential grooves, stop grooves, etc. as desired.
Through groove, oil sump processing, or on the bearing alloy layer 12
Of course, a process such as coating a surface layer (overlay) having a composition of 10% So and the balance _Pb with a thickness of 0.02 to _0.03 mm can be applied depending on the purpose.

In the above embodiment, the ratio T/D between the wall thickness T of the bearing material and the outer diameter D of the resulting bearing was 0.111, but even with such a thick wall, there is no defect when using the present invention. Not able to get a product with good quality. On the other hand, the present inventor manufactured a bearing using the conventional bending forming method using the same thick material (T/D = 0.111) and compared it with the bearing made according to the present invention. The conventional bending/forming method causes cracks and uneven thickness in the bearing alloy layer, contact scratches on the backing metal,
A significant thickness deviation was observed, and the thickness deviation near the cut surface was also extremely large.

The present invention achieves the following effects through the configuration described above.

(a) Compared to the conventional centrifugal casting method, the number of steps can be drastically reduced, and high-speed processing, mass production, and cost reduction can be achieved. Furthermore, with the centrifugal casting method, it is difficult to provide an aluminum bearing alloy layer for metallurgical reasons.
Since the present invention only needs to start from a material having a desired bearing alloy layer, it is possible to obtain a product that can be applied to any bearing application.

(b) If the conventional bending forming method is used, cracks in the bearing alloy layer, uneven thickness, contact scratches on the backing metal, and uneven thickness will occur, especially for materials with T/D≧0.07. According to the present invention, a high-quality and stable product can be obtained even from such a thick material.

As explained above, the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art and provides a method for easily obtaining a high-quality semi-cylindrical sliding bearing, and is extremely useful industrially.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 8 are diagrams for explaining the manufacturing method of a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with thick-walled flanges using a conventional centrifugal casting method, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cylindrical body with flanges on both sides;
Figure 2 is a partially cross-sectional front view of the cylindrical body shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a partially cross-sectional front view of the cylinder with the black crust removed, and Figure 4 is an iron plate or steel plate. Fig. 5 is a partially cross-sectional front view showing the side plates welded to both sides of the cylindrical body, and Fig. 5 is a partially cross-sectional front view showing the state in which molten metal is poured through the holes in the side plates to provide a bearing alloy layer. Figure 6 is a partially cross-sectional front view showing the side plate removed and the bearing alloy layer cut to a predetermined thickness, and Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the cylindrical body cut in half. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a product obtained by machining a half-cut surface into a smooth surface with predetermined dimensions, and Figs. 9 and 10 show a conventional bending process.
These are diagrams for explaining the forming method. Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the material is being bent into a semi-cylindrical shape between the die and the punch, and Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the state where the material is being bent into a semi-cylindrical shape between the die and the forming block with segments. 11 to 19 are explanatory diagrams showing the state in which a material is processed into a semicircular sliding bearing, and are for explaining embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 14 illustrates the primary bending process, Figure 14 illustrates the secondary bending process, Figure 15 illustrates the forming process, and Figure 16 illustrates a semi-cylindrical shape without a flange made by the method of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the bearing shown in FIG. 16, FIG. 18 is a side view of the bearing with the steel back metal layer cut to provide a collar, and FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the sliding bearing. FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the bearing shown in FIG. 18; 1... Composite board, 2... Roller, 3... Dictionary, 4, 5... Punch, 6... Recess, 7...
Die, 9... segment, 10... forming block, 11, 11'... semi-cylindrical sliding bearing,
12...Bearing alloy layer, 13...Steel back metal, 14...
Notch, 15...end (flange).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pair of rollers provided at a predetermined interval and a flat bearing material placed on the upper surface of a dictation that can reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to a plane containing the axes of the pair of rollers. A punch is brought into contact with the surface of the material on the side opposite to the side that contacts the upper surface of the dicing, and the punch presses the material in the vertical direction, and the dicing is moved in the vertical direction while supporting the material with the dicing. a primary bending step of bending the material into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape along the outer peripheral surface of the punch; a secondary bending step in which the deformation caused by the elasticity of the material is corrected and formed into a semi-cylindrical member; the semi-cylindrical member is placed on a die and segmented and formed; The forming block presses the cut surface of the semi-cylindrical member and its vicinity against the die to form a predetermined shape while preventing the semi-cylindrical member from deforming inward in the radial direction by the segments. and a forming step of forming a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing with predetermined dimensions; 2. A flat bearing material is placed on the upper surface of a dictation that can reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to a plane containing a pair of rollers provided at a predetermined interval and the axes of the pair of rollers, and a flat bearing material is placed on the upper surface of the dictation of the material. A punch is brought into contact with the surface on the opposite side to the contacting side, and the material is pressed in the vertical direction with the punch, and the dictation is moved in the vertical direction while supporting the material with the dictation, thereby removing the material. a primary bending step of bending the material into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape along the outer peripheral surface of the punch; pressing and holding the material taken out after the primary bending step and made into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape between a punch and a die; a secondary bending step in which the deformation caused by the elasticity of the material is corrected and formed into a semi-cylindrical member; the semi-cylindrical member is placed on a die and the segment is formed using a segment and a forming block; The forming block presses the cut surface of the semi-cylindrical member and its vicinity against the die while preventing the semi-cylindrical member from deforming inward in the radial direction, thereby forming a semi-cylindrical member of a predetermined shape and size. A method for manufacturing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing, comprising: a forming step of forming the bearing into a shaped sliding bearing; and a step of machining the height, wall thickness, and width of the bearing to desired dimensions. 3. A flat bearing material is placed on the upper surface of a dictation that can reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to a plane containing a pair of rollers provided at a predetermined interval and the axes of the pair of rollers, and a flat bearing material is placed on the upper surface of the dictation of the material. A punch is brought into contact with the surface on the opposite side to the contacting side, and the material is pressed in the vertical direction with the punch, and the dictation is moved in the vertical direction while supporting the material with the dictation, thereby removing the material. a primary bending step of bending the material into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape along the outer peripheral surface of the punch; pressing and holding the material taken out after the primary bending step and made into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape between a punch and a die; a secondary bending step in which the deformation caused by the elasticity of the material is corrected and formed into a semi-cylindrical member; the semi-cylindrical member is placed on a die and the segment is formed using a segment and a forming block; The forming block presses the cut surface of the semi-cylindrical member and its vicinity against the die while preventing the semi-cylindrical member from deforming inward in the radial direction, thereby forming a semi-cylindrical member of a predetermined shape and size. A forming process for forming a shaped sliding bearing; and a process for turning the outer circumferential surface of the bearing toward the inner circumferential surface and cutting it leaving both ends or one end to form a both-end flange or one-side flange. Method of manufacturing cylindrical sliding bearings. 4. A flat bearing material is placed on the upper surface of a dictation that can reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to a plane containing a pair of rollers provided at a predetermined interval and the axes of the pair of rollers, and a flat bearing material is placed on the upper surface of the dictation of the material. A punch is brought into contact with the surface on the opposite side to the contacting side, and the material is pressed in the vertical direction with the punch, and the dictation is moved in the vertical direction while supporting the material with the dictation, thereby removing the material. a primary bending step of bending the material into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape along the outer peripheral surface of the punch; pressing and holding the material taken out after the primary bending step and made into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape between a punch and a die; a secondary bending step in which the deformation caused by the elasticity of the material is corrected and formed into a semi-cylindrical member; placing the semi-cylindrical member into a die and forming the segment using a segment and a forming block; The forming block presses the cut surface of the semi-cylindrical member and its vicinity against the die while preventing the semi-cylindrical member from deforming inward in the radial direction, thereby forming a semi-cylindrical member of a predetermined shape and size. a forming step for forming a shaped sliding bearing; a step for machining the height, wall thickness, and width of the bearing to desired dimensions; and a step of turning the outer circumferential surface of the bearing toward the inner circumferential surface and forming both ends or one end thereof. A method for manufacturing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing, comprising: forming a both-side flange or a one-sided flange by cutting the bearing while leaving the remaining flange.