JPH0221751B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0221751B2 JPH0221751B2 JP58067606A JP6760683A JPH0221751B2 JP H0221751 B2 JPH0221751 B2 JP H0221751B2 JP 58067606 A JP58067606 A JP 58067606A JP 6760683 A JP6760683 A JP 6760683A JP H0221751 B2 JPH0221751 B2 JP H0221751B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- measured
- circuit
- antenna
- beat signal
- amplitude
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、マイクロ波を用いて距離測定を行な
うFM−CW（Frequency Modulated−
Continuous Wave）方式の測定装置に関するも
のである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is directed to FM-CW (Frequency Modulated-CW), which measures distance using microwaves.
Continuous Wave) type measuring device.
まず、FM−CW方式の距離測定装置の基本的
な構成を第１図に基いて説明する。図中１１は送
信アンテナ、１２は受信アンテナ、１３は導波
管、１４はマイクロ波回路、１５は増幅回路、１
６は周期計数回路、１７は距離演算回路、１８は
出力回路である。また、ａは正規な反射波、ｂは
アンテナ間漏れ、ｃはスプリアスな反射信号を示
している。
First, the basic configuration of an FM-CW distance measuring device will be explained based on FIG. 1. In the figure, 11 is a transmitting antenna, 12 is a receiving antenna, 13 is a waveguide, 14 is a microwave circuit, 15 is an amplifier circuit, 1
6 is a period counting circuit, 17 is a distance calculating circuit, and 18 is an output circuit. Further, a indicates a normal reflected wave, b indicates leakage between antennas, and c indicates a spurious reflected signal.
この図に示す装置において、周波数を連続的に
変調したマイクロ波を送信アンテナ１１から放射
され、被測定面から反射してきた受信波を送信波
の一部とミキシングして得られるビート信号は、
検出視野がある面積を持つているため、被測定面
の表面状態により振幅が変化する。 In the device shown in this figure, the beat signal obtained by emitting microwaves whose frequency is continuously modulated from the transmitting antenna 11 and mixing the received wave reflected from the surface to be measured with a part of the transmitted wave is as follows.
Since the detection field of view has a certain area, the amplitude changes depending on the surface condition of the surface to be measured.
第２図の（）に示すように、被測定面からの
反射波に関してａ，ｂのようにλ／４（λ：マイ
クロ波波長）の行程差が生じた場合、同図（）
に示すように受信波位相がλ／２ずれるため、干
渉効果により合成波としてパワーが零に近くな
り、ビート信号振幅もなくなる。 As shown in () in Fig. 2, when a distance difference of λ/4 (λ: microwave wavelength) occurs as shown in a and b regarding the reflected waves from the surface to be measured,
As shown in , since the received wave phase shifts by λ/2, the power of the composite wave becomes close to zero due to the interference effect, and the beat signal amplitude also disappears.
ビート信号の周期を測定して、その逆数から距
離を算出する方式の距離測定装置では、振幅が小
さくなり波形が歪むと、ゼロクロスポイントがず
れ、測定誤差が大きくなる。 In a distance measuring device that measures the period of the beat signal and calculates the distance from its reciprocal, if the amplitude becomes small and the waveform becomes distorted, the zero-crossing point will shift and the measurement error will increase.
干渉状態が生じると、表面状態の自然回復を待
つしかなく、測定装置の信頼性低下につながる。 When an interference state occurs, there is no choice but to wait for the surface state to recover naturally, leading to a decrease in the reliability of the measuring device.
本発明は、被測定面の表面状態の変化による干
渉状態で、ビート信号振幅が減衰した時、又は干
渉状態の断続で測定結果のバラツキが大きくなつ
た場合、干渉状態をくずして常時良好なビート信
号を得て長時間にわたつて安定した距離測定を行
うことのできる距離測定装置を提供することを目
的とするものである。
When the beat signal amplitude is attenuated due to an interference state due to a change in the surface condition of the surface to be measured, or when the dispersion of measurement results becomes large due to intermittent interference, the present invention destroys the interference state and always maintains a good beat. It is an object of the present invention to provide a distance measuring device that can obtain a signal and perform stable distance measurement over a long period of time.
この目的を達成するため、本発明の距離測定装
置は、周波数変調されたマイクロ波を被測定面へ
放射し、放射波とその反射波から得られるビート
信号の周期を測定することによつて被測定面まで
の距離を測定する装置において、
前記ビート信号の振幅が設定値より小さくなつ
たときに異常信号を送出する振幅判別回路と、こ
の振幅判別回路から異常信号が送出されたときに
前記マイクロ波の放射波の放射位置を被測定面に
平行な方向に沿つて変える放射位置変更装置とを
備えたことを特徴とする。
To achieve this objective, the distance measuring device of the present invention radiates frequency-modulated microwaves to a surface to be measured, and measures the period of a beat signal obtained from the radiated waves and their reflected waves. A device for measuring a distance to a measurement surface includes an amplitude discrimination circuit that sends out an abnormal signal when the amplitude of the beat signal becomes smaller than a set value, and an amplitude discrimination circuit that sends out an abnormal signal when the amplitude of the beat signal becomes smaller than a set value; The present invention is characterized by comprising a radiation position changing device that changes the radiation position of the radiation wave along a direction parallel to the surface to be measured.
第３図は本発明に係る実施例装置の構成を示す
もので、図中１は送信アンテナ、２は受信アンテ
ナ、３は導波管、４はマイクロ波回路、５は増幅
回路、６は放射位置変更装置、７は減衰判別回
路、８は周期計数回路、９は距離演算／コントロ
ール回路、１０は出力回路である。
FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the embodiment device according to the present invention, in which 1 is a transmitting antenna, 2 is a receiving antenna, 3 is a waveguide, 4 is a microwave circuit, 5 is an amplifier circuit, and 6 is a radiation 7 is an attenuation discrimination circuit, 8 is a period counting circuit, 9 is a distance calculation/control circuit, and 10 is an output circuit.
マイクロ波回路４は、マイクロ波発振器を含
み、周波数を連続的に変調したマイクロ波を導波
管３を経由して送信アンテナ１から放射し、被測
定物から反射してきたマイクロ波を受信アンテナ
２で受信し、導波管３を経由して受信波と送信波
の一部とをミキシングさせ、ビート信号を得る。 The microwave circuit 4 includes a microwave oscillator, radiates microwaves whose frequency is continuously modulated from the transmitting antenna 1 via the waveguide 3, and transmits the microwaves reflected from the object to be measured to the receiving antenna 2. A beat signal is obtained by mixing the received wave and a part of the transmitted wave via the waveguide 3.
ビート信号は、増幅回路５で増幅され、減衰判
別回路７で振幅の大きさを判断し、設定値以下に
なれば、異常信号を距離演算／コントロール回路
９へ送る。距離演算／コントロール回路９では、
異常信号の連続的な時間を計測し、又は距離演算
結果のバラツキの大きさを判断する。 The beat signal is amplified by an amplifier circuit 5, and an attenuation determining circuit 7 determines the magnitude of the amplitude. If the amplitude is less than a set value, an abnormal signal is sent to a distance calculation/control circuit 9. In the distance calculation/control circuit 9,
The continuous time of the abnormal signal is measured, or the magnitude of the dispersion in the distance calculation results is determined.
ビート信号の振幅が設定値以上の大きさであれ
ば、周期計数回路８でビート信号の周期を計数
し、距離演算／コントロール回路で距離計算を行
ない、出力回路１０から出力する。 If the amplitude of the beat signal is greater than the set value, the period counting circuit 8 counts the period of the beat signal, the distance calculation/control circuit calculates the distance, and outputs the result from the output circuit 10.
距離演算／コントロール回路９は、減衰判別回
路７からの異常信号が一定時間以上連続した場
合、又は距離演算結果のバラツキが設定値よりも
大きいと判断した場合、放射位置変更装置６へ放
射位置変更指令を出力し、送信アンテナ１、受信
アンテナ２を干渉状態がなくなりビート信号が回
復するまで水平移動させる。 If the abnormal signal from the attenuation determination circuit 7 continues for a certain period of time or longer, or if it is determined that the dispersion of distance calculation results is larger than the set value, the distance calculation/control circuit 9 causes the radiation position change device 6 to change the radiation position. A command is output to horizontally move the transmitting antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 until the interference condition disappears and the beat signal is recovered.
第４図は減衰判別回路の実施例及び各部の波形
を示すもので、ビート信号を全波整流回路２１で
全波整流し、ローパスフイルタ２２で潴波した
後、比較回路２３により設定値Vrefと比較し、
設定値以下になれば異常信号を出力する。同図に
おいて、ビート信号（第４図ｂ）が良好状態から
不良状態に移行すると（時刻T1）、ビート信号を
全波整流して濾波した信号（第４図ｃ）と設定値
Vrefが比較回路２３によつて比較され、設定値
Vref以下になると異常信号（第４図ｄ）が発生
してアンテナを移動させ、ビート信号が設定値以
上の振幅となつた時刻T2で異常信号は停止する。 FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the attenuation discrimination circuit and the waveforms of each part. After the beat signal is full-wave rectified by the full-wave rectifier circuit 21 and filtered by the low-pass filter 22, it is then converted to the set value Vref by the comparison circuit 23. Compare,
If the value falls below the set value, an abnormality signal will be output. In the same figure, when the beat signal (Fig. 4 b) transitions from a good state to a bad state (time T 1 ), a signal obtained by full-wave rectification and filtering of the beat signal (Fig. 4 c) and a set value
Vref is compared by the comparator circuit 23, and the set value is
When it becomes less than Vref, an abnormal signal (Fig. 4 d) is generated, the antenna is moved, and the abnormal signal stops at time T 2 when the beat signal has an amplitude equal to or higher than the set value.
放射位置変更装置６の具体的実施例としては、
第３図に示すようなマイクロ波回路からアンテナ
までを一体として動かすもののほかに、第５図の
各例に示すようなものが考えられる。即ち、ａに
示すようにアンテナ３１と導波管３２の間をフレ
キシブル導波管３３で接続し、ソレノイド、モー
タあるいは油圧・空圧シリンダのような駆動装置
３４でアンテナ３１を駆動する方法や、ｂに示す
ようにアンテナ４１と導波管４２との間にスライ
ド式導波管４３を設け、駆動装置４４によりアン
テナ４１を動かす方法、あるいはｃに示すように
２つのアンテナ５１及び５１と導波管５３との間
にマイクロ波切換スイツチ５４を設け、一方のア
ンテナによるビート信号が弱くなつたときに他方
のアンテナに切り換える方法が考えられる。 As a specific example of the radiation position changing device 6,
In addition to the system that moves everything from the microwave circuit to the antenna as one unit as shown in FIG. 3, the systems shown in the examples shown in FIG. 5 are conceivable. That is, as shown in a, the antenna 31 and the waveguide 32 are connected by a flexible waveguide 33, and the antenna 31 is driven by a driving device 34 such as a solenoid, a motor, or a hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder; As shown in b, a sliding waveguide 43 is provided between the antenna 41 and the waveguide 42, and the antenna 41 is moved by a driving device 44, or as shown in c, two antennas 51 and 51 and a waveguide are provided. A conceivable method is to provide a microwave switching switch 54 between the antenna and the antenna and switch to the other antenna when the beat signal from one antenna becomes weak.
上述したように本発明では、被測定物の表面状
態の変化によるビート信号の減衰を判断し、干渉
状態が生じた場合には速やかにアンテナ部分を被
測定面に平行な方向に沿つて移動させて常時良好
なビート信号を得るようにしたので、長時間にわ
たり安定した距離測定が可能となり、またアンテ
ナは被測定面に平行な方向に沿つて移動させるの
で測定距離には誤差が含まれず、測定環境や条件
が変わつても影響を受けることがないなどの効果
を奏するものである。
As described above, in the present invention, the attenuation of the beat signal due to a change in the surface condition of the object to be measured is determined, and if an interference condition occurs, the antenna part is immediately moved in a direction parallel to the surface to be measured. Since the antenna is moved in a direction parallel to the surface to be measured, the measured distance does not include any errors, making it possible to measure distances stably over long periods of time. This has the effect of not being affected even if the environment or conditions change.
第１図はFM−CW方式の距離測定装置の構成
を示すブロツク図、第２図は被測定面の表面状態
による受信波の変化を説明する説明図、第３図は
本発明の実施例の構成を示すブロツク図、第４図
は減衰判別回路の構成及び各部の動作波形を示す
説明図、第５図はアンテナの放射位置変更装置の
具体例を示す説明図である。
１……送信アンテナ、２……受信アンテナ、３
……導波管、４……マイクロ波回路、５……増幅
回路、６……放射位置変更装置、７……減衰判別
回路、８……周期計数回路、９……距離演算／コ
ントロール回路、１０……出力回路。
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an FM-CW distance measuring device, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating changes in received waves depending on the surface condition of the surface to be measured, and Fig. 3 is an illustration of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the attenuation discrimination circuit and operation waveforms of each part, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a specific example of the antenna radiation position changing device. 1...Transmission antenna, 2...Reception antenna, 3
... waveguide, 4 ... microwave circuit, 5 ... amplifier circuit, 6 ... radiation position change device, 7 ... attenuation discrimination circuit, 8 ... period counting circuit, 9 ... distance calculation/control circuit, 10...Output circuit.
Claims (1)
射し、放射波とその反射波から得られるビート信
号の周期を測定することによつて被測定面までの
距離を測定する装置において、 前記ビート信号の振幅が設定値より小さくなつ
たときに異常信号を送出する振幅判別回路と、こ
の振幅判別回路から異常信号が送出されたときに
前記マイクロ波の放射波の放射位置を被測定面に
平行な方向に沿つて変える放射位置変更装置とを
備えたことを特徴とする距離測定装置。[Claims] 1. The distance to the surface to be measured is measured by emitting frequency-modulated microwaves to the surface to be measured and measuring the period of the beat signal obtained from the radiated waves and their reflected waves. The apparatus includes an amplitude discrimination circuit that sends out an abnormal signal when the amplitude of the beat signal becomes smaller than a set value, and a radiation position of the microwave radiation wave when the amplitude discrimination circuit sends out the abnormal signal. A distance measuring device comprising: a radiation position changing device that changes the radiation position along a direction parallel to a surface to be measured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58067606A JPS59192985A (en) | 1983-04-15 | 1983-04-15 | Distance measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58067606A JPS59192985A (en) | 1983-04-15 | 1983-04-15 | Distance measuring device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59192985A JPS59192985A (en) | 1984-11-01 |
| JPH0221751B2 true JPH0221751B2 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
Family
ID=13349755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58067606A Granted JPS59192985A (en) | 1983-04-15 | 1983-04-15 | Distance measuring device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59192985A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62284283A (en) * | 1986-05-31 | 1987-12-10 | Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd | Ultrasonic distance measuring instrument |
-
1983
- 1983-04-15 JP JP58067606A patent/JPS59192985A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59192985A (en) | 1984-11-01 |
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