JPH0220915B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for heating and cooling an object or objects.

When heating or cooling a certain object A (singular or plural), two circulation systems are created: a heating loop and a cooling loop, and during heating, the heating medium is drawn from the heating loop.
During cooling, it is conventional practice to supply refrigerant from the cooling loop by switching valves.

Figure 1 is one such example.

That is, in Fig. 1, the heating loop Heat medium and refrigerant are received by switching valves F and G.

In that case, a boiler or other heating source D that provides heat to the heating loop X, and a refrigerator or other cooling source E that removes heat from the cooling loop Y are separately required.

To summarize the above, the heat transfer path is D→B→P→A during heating and E←C←P'←A during cooling, and at each heat transfer step, heat is lost and new energy is input. The disadvantage is that heat is transferred to and from the target object for the first time.

Based on the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention uses high-temperature, high-pressure gas obtained by a compressor as a heat source, and generates low-temperature, low-pressure gas obtained by adiabatically expanding condensed liquid that has been liquefied by heating an object to be heated. The purpose of this invention is to provide a device that can arbitrarily heat or cool one or more objects within one circulation system by using it as a cooling source.

That is, the present invention includes a compressor that compresses a medium gas, a heated body to which high-temperature, high-pressure gas is supplied from the compressor, and a medium that has been liquefied and condensed by the heat removed by the heated body and is cooled from the outside. An auxiliary condenser that maintains the medium at a predetermined pressure by adjusting water, a cooled body to which the liquefied and condensed medium is supplied from the auxiliary condenser, and a cooled body that expands adiabatically to generate a low-temperature, low-pressure gasified medium. It is equipped with a circulation system consisting of an evaporator that collects and vaporizes the liquid droplets therein and sends them to the compressor. In order to maintain the relationship of ≒evaporator and to absorb static changes in the objects to be heated and cooled, the above-mentioned A bypass path with a pressure regulator that bypasses the object to be heated, and a bypass path with a pressure regulator that bypasses the object to be cooled are provided between the outlet side of the auxiliary condenser and the inlet side of the evaporator, and further, In order to absorb the amount of dynamic change in the heated body and the cooled body, a medium flow rate regulating valve that changes according to the internal pressure of each medium is provided on the medium inlet side or outlet side of the heated body and the cooled body. A heating and cooling device characterized by:

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 8.

In this embodiment, the object to be heated (reference numeral 6 described later) is connected to a cooling loop in advance to remove solidified or condensed and accumulated substances from the compressor discharge gas as a heating source. It is used as a payout.

During this operation, the object to be cooled (numeral 16 to be described later) receives a substance from outside the system and solidifies or condenses it in order to evaporate the condensed refrigerant.

As an example of continuously condensing or vaporizing a substance in this way, the heated body 6 can be used in a reboiler of a distillation column, and the cooled body 16 can be used in a condenser of a distillation column.

The features of this embodiment can be summarized as follows.

(a) In the conventional refrigeration cycle using a gas compressor, the so-called Carnot cycle, when one circulating medium is cycled in one circulation system, the condensate due to cooling of the compressed gas is in one state, but the present invention In order to achieve the above purpose, the condensate generated in the heated body and the other liquid generated in the auxiliary condenser are
There are two types of condensate, each of which is placed under two different conditions of different pressure and temperature.

(b) If a gap occurs between the amount of high-temperature gas required for heating and the amount of low-temperature gas required for cooling, circulation cannot continue in one circulation system, so bypass paths are installed for high-temperature gas and low-temperature gas, respectively. to adjust the material balance.

(c) If the desired heating and cooling temperatures cannot necessarily be obtained due to the properties of the circulating medium and the characteristics of the compressor, first select the type of medium and compressor characteristics in accordance with the desired cooling temperature, and then, An auxiliary heat exchanger (heater) is incorporated into the system to adjust the heating temperature to the desired temperature.

(d) In response to sudden changes in pressure and temperature that occur when switching the number of objects to be heated and cooled, each object to be heated and cooled has a medium flow rate control valve whose opening degree changes depending on the internal pressure. A drain trap is provided to seal the liquid during heating, and an evaporator is provided to prevent liquid from being sucked into the compressor due to sudden fluctuations during cooling.

(e) By connecting multiple systems described above, multiple heating and cooling temperatures can be obtained.

Next, the structure of the embodiment will be explained in the order of flow of the circulating heat medium (solid thick line) with reference to FIG. 2 showing a system diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a compressor for heating/cooling medium gas, 2 is a heat exchanger for temperature adjustment of the compressed gas (high temperature and high pressure gas) of the compressor 1, 3 is a heating or cooling coil provided in the heat exchanger 2, and 4 is a coil This is a temperature controller that adjusts the temperature of high-temperature, high-pressure gas by adjusting the amount of heat source supplied within the gas chamber.

5 is a distribution pipe for distributing high-temperature, high-pressure gas whose temperature has been adjusted by the heat exchanger 2, and 6 is a heated body that receives the high-temperature, high-pressure gas and is heated.
One or more of these heated bodies 6 are connected to the distribution pipe 5, and each of them is provided with a medium flow rate control valve 7 and discharge valves 8, 9 for receiving high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The opening degree of the acceptance regulating valve 7 changes depending on the valve outlet pressure, that is, the internal pressure of the heated object 6.

Reference numeral 10 designates a drain trap for selectively discharging the condensed liquid of the heating medium that has been liquefied and condensed by removing latent heat by heating the heated body 6. The condensed liquid is collected in the auxiliary condenser 12 through the condensed liquid collecting pipe 11.

13 is a cooling coil provided in the auxiliary condenser 12, and 14 is a pressure controller for keeping the pressure of the auxiliary condenser 12 constant, which maintains the pressure constant by adjusting the cooling source supply flow rate. The holding pressure is set to a pressure lower than the pressure of the object to be heated 6.

15 is a liquid distribution pipe connected to the lower part of the auxiliary condenser 12, and 16 is an object to be cooled. Therefore,
When the valves 17 and 18 are opened to receive the condensed liquid, the condensed liquid expands adiabatically and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas by the action of an intermediate expansion valve 19 to cool the object 16 to be cooled.
Note that the number of objects to be cooled 16 may be one or more.
Further, the valve 18 is a control valve whose opening degree changes depending on the pressure inside the object 16 to be cooled.

20 is a low-temperature, low-pressure gas collecting pipe from the object 16 to be cooled.

21 is an evaporator for receiving low-temperature, low-pressure gas from the collecting pipe 20 and vaporizing droplets therein, and has a heating coil 22, which receives high-temperature, high-pressure gas from the compressor 1 and evaporates the droplets. .

Reference numeral 23 denotes a temperature regulator to prevent the temperature from rising too high, and sends out low-pressure gas at a constant temperature as suction gas to the compressor 1.

As a result of the above, the gas serving as a heat medium has circulated through one circulation system.

At this time, if the amount of high-temperature, high-pressure gas required to heat the object to be heated 6 and the amount of low-temperature, low-pressure gas required to cool the object to be cooled 16 are equal, continuous operation is possible, but such cases are rare. In the present invention, the following pressure regulator is provided so that continuous operation can be performed even if the amounts of the heated object 6 and the cooled object 16 are different. That is, even if the heated objects 6 no longer require heating at all, or even if the number of heated objects 6 changes during operation, the control valve 24 is activated to keep the outlet pressure of the compressor 1 constant. The discharge pressure regulator 24, which controls the
In order to maintain a constant suction pressure, a suction pressure regulator 25 is provided to control a regulating valve 26, thereby forming a bypass passage. Note that the control valve 26 includes an expansion valve 27.
are installed in series.

As is clear from the above, the line in which the control valve 24' associated with the discharge pressure regulator 24 is provided is
A bypass path is formed between the outlet side of the compressor 1 and the auxiliary condenser 12. Further, a line in which a control valve 26 and an expansion valve 27 attached to the suction pressure regulator 25 are provided forms a bypass path between the auxiliary condenser 12 and the inlet side of the compressor 1.

Note that valves 17 and 18 are also provided in the system path of the object to be heated 6, but these are closed during heating and are not used. , 8 etc. are also not used during cooling. In other words, the selection of valves 7, 8, 17, 18, etc. determines whether the object is heated or cooled.

A valve 7 in the system of the object to be heated 6 is a medium flow rate regulating valve that is provided on the medium inlet side of the object to be heated and changes depending on the internal pressure, and is also in the system of the object to be cooled 16. The valve 18 is a medium flow rate regulating valve that is provided on the medium outlet side of the object to be cooled and changes in accordance with its internal pressure.

The operation of the apparatus of the present invention configured as described above will now be described.

Now, to consider the circulation system in a simplified manner as shown in Figure 3, the circulation system from the compressor 1 through the heated body 6 and the cooled body 16 and back to the compressor 1 is usually called a Carnot cycle. Assuming that the gas pressure at the outlet of the compressor 1 is P ₁ and the temperature is T ₁ , the pressure of the condensate generated by heating the heated object 6 is
P ₂ , its temperature is T ₂ , and the pressure of the low-temperature gas obtained by adiabatic expansion is P ₃ , its temperature is
Assuming T ₃ , the flow of the medium from the compressor 1 to the heated body 6 is a natural descent, so P ₁ ≈P ₂ . Therefore, the effective pressure level within this circulatory system is 2
considered to be at a stage. That is, in the Carnot cycle, the compressor 1 and the cooled body 16
Receives energy from the outside during the (adiabatic expansion) stage,
Energy balance is established by releasing energy to the outside at the stage of the heated body 6 (condensation).

By the way, in the present invention, the object (object to be heated 6) is heated by the energy released in the condensation stage, and the object (object to be cooled 16) is cooled by utilizing energy received from the outside in the adiabatic expansion stage. If this is ideally achieved, it will be possible to heat or cool objects within the system simply by supplying energy to the compressor 1 from the outside. However, within the circulatory system in Figure 3,
It is very difficult to ideally match the heating temperature and amount of heating heat required by the object to be heated 6, the cooling temperature and amount of cooling heat required by the object to be cooled 16, and the mass balance of the circulating medium in the circulation system. In the present invention, various improvements have been made to the above-mentioned circulatory system.

First, when heating is performed using the object to be heated 6, as shown in FIG.
and a control valve 2 controlled by a discharge pressure regulator 24
4' works effectively.

That is, when the number of objects 6 to be heated changes, the amount of heat required from the compressor 1 changes, and the amount of medium also changes.

The amount of change is the temporary and sudden amount of change when the number changes (dynamic amount of change), and then, for example, from 3 to 1
There are two types of changes: the steady change amount (static change amount) due to the change from one group to three devices, and absorbing this smoothly is the key to stable heating of the object to be heated and of the equipment. This will ensure smooth operation.

In the present invention, the dynamic variation is mainly absorbed by the medium flow rate control valve 7 located at the inlet of each heated body 6, and the static variation is absorbed by the pressure regulator 24.

For example, if you want to heat an object that has been cooled at -60°C to +60°C using a Freon-22 medium, you will need a vacuum during cooling and 10-odd kg/cm ² during heating.
Since the pressure changes instantaneously to G, the discharge pressure regulator 24 cannot follow it. Therefore, the opening degree of the medium flow rate control valve 7 is automatically changed according to the pressure of the heated object, thereby temporarily absorbing dynamic changes.

Furthermore, it is ideal to absorb such sudden changes physically rather than mechanically. Therefore, in the conventional Carnot cycle, one circulation system has one condensate temperature and pressure, but in the present invention, this is divided into two places: the heated body 6 and the auxiliary condenser 12 downstream of it. As the condensate reservoir, the respective pressure,
The temperature is set so that P ₂ ′, T ₂ ′>P ₂ , T ₂ .

Then, when the number of heated objects 6 suddenly increases and the pressure and temperature P ₁ , T ₁ are about to drop suddenly, the condensed liquid inside the heated objects re-evaporates according to the pressure and evaporates according to the number. The action to compensate for the lack of gas occurs automatically as a physical phenomenon, and works to compensate for the newly increased amount of gas to be heated.

At this time, if the pressure and temperatures P ₂ and T ₂ inside the auxiliary condenser 12 are directly affected, the cooling temperature will change when cooling is attempted using the condensate under these conditions.

For this reason, it is necessary to use two stages of condensate with different temperatures and pressures.

Next, when cooling is performed using the object to be cooled 16 in the circulation system shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. , the control valve 26 and the expansion valve 27 controlled by the suction pressure regulator 25 function effectively.

In other words, in order to obtain a stable cooling state,
As already mentioned, it is necessary for P ₂ and T ₂ to be stable, and in order to remain stable even during sudden changes, it is necessary to prepare two types of condensate. be. Also, the suction pressure regulator 25 is provided to absorb changes in the amount of medium due to changes in the number of bases of the object to be cooled 16, as in the case of heating.

Furthermore, a medium flow rate control valve 18 is provided on the outlet side of the object to be cooled 16 to adjust the pressure inside the object to be cooled 16.
Depending on P ₃ ′, when P ₃ ′ is high, the opening degree is small;
When it is low, it becomes large.

This absorbs the sudden dynamic change amount when the base number of the cooled body 16 changes, and reduces the inlet pressure P ₃ of the compressor 1.
For example, when an object that has been heating up until now is suddenly switched to cooling, the pressure changes rapidly from the tens of kg/cm ² G during heating to vacuum. This is because a large amount of medium instantly jumps out to the suction side of the compressor, and it is often difficult to absorb it no matter what kind of control is used.

Furthermore, since a sudden change in state when switching the substrate is an unavoidable phenomenon, if unevaporated medium droplets are included in the medium on the suction side of the compressor 1 at this time, the compressor 1 may be damaged. I will invite you. Therefore, in the present invention, an evaporator 21 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 1, and the high temperature gas discharged from the compressor 1 is used as a heat source for the evaporator 21. The heating conditions at that time are T ₃ a few degrees Celsius below the saturation temperature of the medium for the compressor suction pressure P ₃ .
Set the temperature regulator 23 so that the temperature is high. This makes it possible to completely prevent droplets from entering the compressor when the number of bases changes.

Further, since the change in the pressure level from the object to be cooled 16 to the compressor 1 during cooling is usually only a drop due to flow, it is considered that P ₃ '≈P ₃ .

If we consider only the pressure levels above, including the heating time, in the present invention, P ₁ >P ₂ ′>P ₂ >P ₃ ′≒P ₃ , resulting in four pressure levels in one circulation system.

This condition is inevitably required when it is desired to arbitrarily change the number of objects to be heated and cooled in one circulation system.In other words, by creating such a condition, the purpose of the present invention is achieved. will be achieved.

Next, the effects of the present invention will be explained. First, it will be demonstrated by comparison that the device of the present invention saves energy compared to the conventional device. Note that the added energy is considered to be converted into heat.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the heat balance of the conventional device, and FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining the heat balance of the device of the present invention.

The amount of heat required for the substance to be cooled with conventional equipment
Calculate the heat balance by assuming Q _AC and the amount of heat required by the object you want to heat as Q _AH . When each symbol is expressed as a positive number, during cooling Q ₂ = Q ₁ + Q ₃ ...Equation (1) Q ₃ = Q ₄ +Q ₅ +Q _AC ...Equation (2) That is, Q ₂ = Q ₁ +Q _AC +Q ₄ +Q ₅ ...Equation (3) In other words, cooling water is required to remove the total amount of heat of all the terms on the right side.

On the other hand, in the device of the present invention, Q _{2 ′ =} Q ₁ ′+Q _AC −Q _AH .

Considering heating, in the conventional device, Q _AH = Q ₆ + Q ₇ ...Equation (5) In other words, pump power Q ₆ and other heat source Q ₇ are separately required, but in the device of the present invention, Q _AH = Q ₁ ′＋Q _AC −Q ₂ ′ ...Equation (6) In other words, the amount of heat generated in the system during cooling is Q _AH
I understand that it covers everything.

Also, the amount of heat required to adiabatically expand the condensate is
In the conventional device, from equation (2), Q ₃ =Q ₄ +Q ₅ +Q _AC ,
In the device of the present invention, the amount of heat corresponding to this Q ₃ may be only Q _AC . That is, it can be seen that a smaller amount of condensed liquid, a smaller amount of gas circulation, and a smaller compression power are required. That is, the entire device can be made smaller than the conventional device.

Furthermore, the manufacturing equipment cost is based on the number of components,
With the device of the present invention, significant cost reductions can be expected.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but can be implemented with various modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

For example, as shown in Fig. 8, two systems in Fig. 2 are arranged side by side and called groups A and B, respectively. Group A performs heating and cooling at a relatively high temperature level, and group B performs heating and cooling at a lower level. The purpose is to perform heating and cooling.

That is, since the condensate from group A is adiabatically expanded and used as a cooling source for the group B auxiliary condenser 28, the temperature of the condensate itself is lower than that of group A, and when it is expanded adiabatically, the object 29 is It can be cooled at a lower temperature than that of .

For the same reason, since the temperature on the heating side itself is lower than the temperature on the suction side of the compressor than in group A, the temperature on the discharge side, that is, the heating temperature, is also lower.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a system diagram for explaining a conventional device.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the heating and cooling device according to the present invention, FIGS. 3 to 5 are simplified system diagrams of FIG. 2 shown for explanation of the present invention, and FIG. The figure is a schematic diagram for explaining the heat balance of the conventional device, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining the heat balance of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Compressor, 6... Heated object, 7... Medium flow control valve, 12... Auxiliary condenser, 16... Cooled object, 18... Medium flow control valve, 21... Evaporator, 24... ...discharge pressure regulator, 24'...control valve,
25... Suction pressure regulator.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A compressor that compresses medium gas, a heated body to which high-temperature, high-pressure gas is supplied from the compressor, and a heated body that collects the medium that has been liquefied and condensed by the heat removed by the heated body and is controlled by external cooling water. An auxiliary condenser that maintains the medium at a predetermined pressure, a cooled body to which the liquefied and condensed medium is supplied from the auxiliary condenser, and a cooled body that adiabatically expands and collects the low-temperature, low-pressure gasified medium. It is equipped with a circulation system consisting of an evaporator that vaporizes droplets and sends them to the compressor, and the pressure of each element constituting this circulation system is determined by the following formula: compressor>heated object>auxiliary condenser>cooled object≒evaporator In order to adjust the relationship so as to maintain the relationship and to absorb static changes in the heated and cooled bodies, the heated body is placed between the outlet side of the compressor and the inlet side of the auxiliary condenser. A bypass passage with a pressure regulator for bypassing and a bypass passage with a pressure regulator for bypassing the object to be cooled are provided between the outlet side of the auxiliary condenser and the inlet side of the evaporator; And, in order to absorb the amount of dynamic change in the object to be cooled, a medium flow rate regulating valve is provided on the medium inlet side or the outlet side of the object to be heated and the object to be cooled, which changes according to the internal pressure of each. equipment for heating and cooling.