JPH0219157B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0219157B2 JPH0219157B2 JP17844180A JP17844180A JPH0219157B2 JP H0219157 B2 JPH0219157 B2 JP H0219157B2 JP 17844180 A JP17844180 A JP 17844180A JP 17844180 A JP17844180 A JP 17844180A JP H0219157 B2 JPH0219157 B2 JP H0219157B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- alkyl group
- crystal composition
- cyanophenyl
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 38
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZWIQYMTQZCSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyanobenzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 WZWIQYMTQZCSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 2-cyano-5-(4'-hexyl phenyl) Pyrimidine Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Description
本発明はネマチツク液晶組成物に係わり、特に
電界効果型表示装置に適した正の誘電異方性を有
するネマチツク液晶組成物に関する。
近年液晶表示体を応用した製品が様々に開発さ
れ、液晶表示体の技術は更に大きく発展しようと
している。その進歩の中で、また主流を占めてい
る表示方式に、電界効果型ツイステツト−ネマチ
ツク方式（以下TN表示と略称する）がある。
TN表示は主に腕時計や卓上電算機に使用されて
いるが、その構造は、２枚の基板上で液晶分子の
長軸を基板面に平行かつ一定の方向に配列させ、
これら２枚の基板上での配列方向を90゜ずらすこ
とによつて、基板間の液晶属の配列方向を連続的
にねじらせたものである。
現在、TN表示装置は3V駆動が主流となつて
いるが、腕時計や卓上計算機の場合、薄型化とい
う要望から電池の使用は一個にしなければならな
いので、3V駆動のために昇圧回路が必要になる。
そこで、TN表示装置の駆動電圧を1.5Vにすれ
ば、昇圧回路が必要なくなり、更に薄型化が可能
になる。昇圧回路が必要なくなれば、電池の長寿
命化や駆動回路のコスト低減が可能になり、これ
による利点は多い。
こういうことから、種々の研究機関や企業で、
駆動電圧を1.5Vにしようという試みがなされて
きた。その方法としてハイチルト方式がある。こ
れは、液晶分子長軸の基板面に対する配向傾向角
（チルト角）を30゜より大きくして、駆動電圧の低
下を構成したものである。しかし、この方式では
TN素子の液晶層の厚みの不均一さに基づいて色
むらが出易く、表示品質の低下を招く欠点があ
る。そこで、配向傾斜角が小さいものならば、色
むら等表示品質の低下を招くことはないことを考
慮して液晶材料自身の改良を図つて1.5V駆動を
検討した。
本発明の目的は、1.5V駆動可能なTN表示に用
いる液晶材料を提供することにある。
本発明のネマチツク液晶組成物は、
一般式が
（但し、R1は炭素数３〜５の直鎖アルキル基
を示し、R2は炭素数１、２のアルキル基又は４
の直鎖アルキル基を示す。）で表わされる化合物
の58.6〜61.7wt％と、
一般式が
（但しR3は炭素数２のアルキル基又は４の直
鎖アルキル基を示す。）で表わされる化合物を
24.6〜26.2wt％と、
化学式が
で表わされる化合物の6.8〜7.1wt％と、
化学式が
で表わされる化合物の５〜10wt％とからなるこ
とを特徴とする。
一般式が
で表わされる化合物が58.6wt％未満では、温度特
性が充分でなく、61.7wt％をこえると、誘電異方
性を小さくする。
また、一般式が
で表わされる化合物が24.6wt％未満では、誘電異
方性を充分大きくすることができず、26.2wt％を
こえると温度特性を悪くする。
さらに、化学式が
で表わされる化合物が6.8wt％未満では、温度範
囲が充分ではなく、7.1wt％をこえると温度特性
を悪くする。
ついで、化学式が
で表わされる化合物が5wt％未満では、低電圧駆
動のための駆動電圧を下げることができず、
10wt％をこえると液晶組成物の液晶性を低下さ
せる。
TN素子の駆動電圧は、その点灯開始電圧（以
下Vthと略称する）に基づいて決められるが、Vth
は液晶材料の誘電異方性や弾性的性質によつて決
定されることは周知である。本発明における液晶
材料２−（Ｐ−シアフエニル）１，３−ジオキサ
ンは、液晶分子間に介在すると液晶分子間の相互
作用が変化し、液晶層としての弾性的性質が変化
する。このことからVthが小さくなる可能性があ
ることに着眼し、本発明を達成したものである。
本発明のネマチツク液晶組成物にはすべてのネ
マチツク液晶物質が基本的に用いうるが、特に次
のものが好適である。例えば、Ｐ−シアノフエニ
ル、P′−アルキルベンゾエート、Ｐ−シアノフエ
ニル、４−アルキルシクロヘキシルカルボネー
ト、２−シアノ−５−（4′−ヘキシルフエニル）
ピリミジン、２−（４−シアノフエニル）−５−ア
ルキルピリジン、Ｐ−シアノ−P′−アルキルビフ
エニル、Ｐ−シアノ−P″−アルキルタ−フエニ
ル、４−（4′−アルキルシクロヘキシル）−１−シ
アノベンゼンなどがある。
次に、本発明の液晶組成物中の２−（Ｐ−シア
ノフエニル）−１，３−ジオキサンの製造法を説
明する。
市販の１，３−プロパンジオールとＰ−シアノ
ベンズアルデヒドをベンゼンの溶媒中、スルホサ
ソチル酸を触媒として反応させ、容易に、また安
価に製造することができる。
以下に、実施例に従い、製造例及び本発明の態
様を説明する。
実施例 １
〔２−（Ｐ−シアノフエニル）−１，３−ジオキ
サンの製造〕
市販の１，３−プロパンジオール4.3ｇ及び、
Ｐ−シアノベンズアルデヒド6.9ｇ及び、スルホ
サリチル酸0.044ｇ及びベンゼン10mlを反応容器
中に加え、23時間還流した。その後、室温まで放
冷し、0.1規定の水酸化ナトリウムを加えエーテ
ル抽出をした。エーテル層を飽和亜硫酸水素ナト
リウム水溶液で洗浄し、水で洗浄した後、エーテ
ル層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥しエーテルを留去し
た。残留物をエタノールと水の混合溶媒で再結晶
し、純度99.6％の２−（Ｐ−シアノフエニル）−
１，３−ジオキサンが得られた。融点は108℃で
あつた。
実施例 ２
表１に示した液晶組成物を形成し、厚さ8μm
The present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal composition, and more particularly to a nematic liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy suitable for field effect display devices. In recent years, various products using liquid crystal displays have been developed, and the technology of liquid crystal displays is about to further develop. Among these advances, the field-effect twisted nematic display system (hereinafter abbreviated as TN display) is the dominant display system.
TN displays are mainly used in wristwatches and desktop calculators, and their structure consists of arranging the long axes of liquid crystal molecules on two substrates in a fixed direction parallel to the substrate surfaces.
By shifting the alignment direction on these two substrates by 90 degrees, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal between the substrates is continuously twisted. Currently, 3V drive is the mainstream for TN display devices, but in the case of wristwatches and desktop calculators, the desire for slimness requires the use of only one battery, so a booster circuit is required for 3V drive. .
Therefore, if the drive voltage of the TN display device is set to 1.5V, there will be no need for a booster circuit, making it possible to make the device even thinner. Eliminating the need for a booster circuit can extend the life of the battery and reduce the cost of the drive circuit, which has many advantages. For this reason, various research institutions and companies
Attempts have been made to reduce the drive voltage to 1.5V. There is a high tilt method as a method for this. This is a method in which the orientation angle (tilt angle) of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface is made larger than 30° to reduce the driving voltage. However, with this method
Due to the non-uniform thickness of the liquid crystal layer of a TN device, color unevenness tends to occur, which has the disadvantage of deteriorating display quality. Therefore, we considered 1.5V drive by improving the liquid crystal material itself, considering that if the orientation tilt angle is small, it will not cause deterioration in display quality such as color unevenness. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal material for use in a TN display that can be driven at 1.5V. The nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention has the general formula: (However, R 1 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms or a 4-carbon alkyl group.
represents a straight-chain alkyl group. ) and the general formula is (However, R 3 represents an alkyl group having 2 carbon atoms or a straight chain alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms.)
The chemical formula is 24.6-26.2wt%. 6.8-7.1wt% of the compound represented by and the chemical formula is It is characterized by consisting of 5 to 10 wt% of the compound represented by The general formula is If the amount of the compound represented by is less than 58.6 wt%, the temperature characteristics will not be sufficient, and if it exceeds 61.7 wt%, the dielectric anisotropy will be reduced. Also, the general formula is If the amount of the compound represented by is less than 24.6 wt%, the dielectric anisotropy cannot be sufficiently increased, and if it exceeds 26.2 wt%, the temperature characteristics will deteriorate. Additionally, the chemical formula is If the amount of the compound represented by is less than 6.8 wt%, the temperature range will not be sufficient, and if it exceeds 7.1 wt%, the temperature characteristics will deteriorate. Then, the chemical formula is If the compound represented by is less than 5wt%, the driving voltage for low voltage driving cannot be lowered,
If it exceeds 10wt%, the liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystal composition will be reduced. The drive voltage of the TN element is determined based on its lighting start voltage (hereinafter abbreviated as V th ).
It is well known that is determined by the dielectric anisotropy and elastic properties of the liquid crystal material. When the liquid crystal material 2-(P-cyaphenyl)1,3-dioxane in the present invention is interposed between liquid crystal molecules, the interaction between the liquid crystal molecules changes, and the elastic properties of the liquid crystal layer change. From this, the present invention was achieved by paying attention to the possibility that V th may become small. In principle, all nematic liquid crystal materials can be used in the nematic liquid crystal compositions of the invention, but the following are particularly suitable: For example, P-cyanophenyl, P'-alkylbenzoate, P-cyanophenyl, 4-alkylcyclohexyl carbonate, 2-cyano-5-(4'-hexyl phenyl)
Pyrimidine, 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-alkylpyridine, P-cyano-P'-alkylbiphenyl, P-cyano-P''-alkylterphenyl, 4-(4'-alkylcyclohexyl)-1-cyano Examples include benzene. Next, a method for producing 2-(P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention will be explained. Commercially available 1,3-propanediol and P-cyanobenzaldehyde are mixed. It can be produced easily and inexpensively by reacting in a benzene solvent with sulfosasotylic acid as a catalyst.Production examples and embodiments of the present invention will be described below according to Examples.Example 1 [2-( Production of P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane] 4.3 g of commercially available 1,3-propanediol and
6.9 g of P-cyanobenzaldehyde, 0.044 g of sulfosalicylic acid, and 10 ml of benzene were added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was refluxed for 23 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and ether extraction was performed by adding 0.1N sodium hydroxide. The ether layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite solution and then with water, then dried over sodium sulfate, and the ether was distilled off. The residue was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethanol and water to obtain 2-(P-cyanophenyl)- with a purity of 99.6%.
1,3-dioxane was obtained. The melting point was 108°C. Example 2 The liquid crystal composition shown in Table 1 was formed to a thickness of 8 μm.
【表】【table】
【表】
のツイステツトネマチツク用セルに封入して、20
℃における電圧．コトラスト特性を調べた。その
図を第１図に示した。これから分かるように、こ
の液晶組成物のVth（透過率90％の時の電圧）は
1.37Vであり、Vsat（透過率10％の時の電圧）は
1.86Vであつた。一方、表１の液晶組成物中の２
−（Ｐ−シアノフエニル）−１，３−ジオキサンを
除いた液晶組成物（母液晶）について同様にVth
及びVsatを測定すると、それぞれ、1.60V及び
2.24Vであつた。従つて、本発明の２−（Ｐ−シ
アノフエニル）−１，３−ジオキサンを含む液晶
組成物は駆動電圧が下がる事が分かる。
実施例 ３
実施例２と同様に、表２に示した液晶組成物を
形成し、厚さ8μmのツイステツトネマチツク用セ
ルに封入し、20℃における電圧−コントラスト特
性を調べた。その図を第２図に示した。
表２の液晶組成物は、表１の液晶組成物中の２
−（Ｐ−シアノフエニル）−１，３−ジオキサン[Table] 20
Voltage at °C. The contrast characteristics were investigated. The diagram is shown in Figure 1. As you can see, the V th (voltage at 90% transmittance) of this liquid crystal composition is
It is 1.37V, and V sat (voltage when transmittance is 10%) is
It was 1.86V. On the other hand, 2 in the liquid crystal composition in Table 1
-(P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane is excluded from the liquid crystal composition (mother liquid crystal) .
and V sat are measured as 1.60V and
It was 2.24V. Therefore, it can be seen that the liquid crystal composition containing 2-(P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane of the present invention has a lower driving voltage. Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 2, the liquid crystal composition shown in Table 2 was formed and sealed in a twisted nematic cell having a thickness of 8 μm, and the voltage-contrast characteristics at 20° C. were examined. The diagram is shown in Figure 2. The liquid crystal compositions in Table 2 are 2 of the liquid crystal compositions in Table 1.
-(P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane
【表】【table】
【表】
の割合を２倍にしたもので、その母液晶は同じも
のを使用している。従つて、表２の液晶組成物の
Vth及びVsatはそれぞれ1.14V、及び1.53Vであり、
表１の液晶組成物のVth及びVsatより小さい値に
なつており、この事は、２−（Ｐ−シアノフエニ
ル）−１，３−ジオキサンが、駆動電圧の低下に
有効な成分である事を示している。また、表１及
び表２の液晶組成物は1.5V駆動のTN表示に充分
使用しうるものであることが分かる。
以上、実施例で述べてきたように、２−（Ｐ−
シアノフエニル）−１，３−ジオキサンを含む液
晶組成物は、1.5V駆動のTN−表示に使用でき、
またこの液晶組成物の安定性は充分であつた。
本発明によれば、
で表わされる所定の化合物と、液晶表示には何等
関係のない非液晶化合物として次式で示される
The ratio in [Table] is doubled, and the same mother liquid crystal is used. Therefore, the liquid crystal compositions in Table 2
V th and V sat are 1.14V and 1.53V, respectively,
The values are smaller than the V th and V sat of the liquid crystal compositions in Table 1, which indicates that 2-(P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane is an effective component for lowering the driving voltage. It shows. Furthermore, it can be seen that the liquid crystal compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 can be used satisfactorily for 1.5V driven TN displays. As described above in the examples, 2-(P-
A liquid crystal composition containing cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane can be used for a TN display driven by 1.5V,
Moreover, the stability of this liquid crystal composition was sufficient. According to the invention, A predetermined compound represented by
【式】化合物とをそれぞれ所
定量添加することにより、
種々な液晶化合物とも相溶性よく混合できて、
使用できる液晶化合物を選択する幅が広がるとと
もに、1.5V駆動に適した液晶組成を提供するこ
とができる。
この液晶組成物は、TN型液晶表示に使用でき
るばかりでなく、相転移型表示や、ゲスト−ホス
ト型表示などの、誘電異方性が正の液晶組成物を
使用する液晶表示素子の液晶組成物として使用で
きる。[Formula] By adding a predetermined amount of each compound, it can be mixed with various liquid crystal compounds with good compatibility.
In addition to expanding the range of liquid crystal compounds that can be used, it is also possible to provide a liquid crystal composition suitable for 1.5V drive. This liquid crystal composition can be used not only for TN type liquid crystal displays, but also for liquid crystal display elements that use liquid crystal compositions with positive dielectric anisotropy, such as phase transition type displays and guest-host type displays. It can be used as an object.
第１図は、本発明によつて提供される液晶組成
物で、２−（Ｐ−シアノフエニル）−１，３−ジオ
キサンを５％含むものの電圧−コントラスト特性
を示す図であり、第２図は同じく、２−（Ｐ−シ
アノフエニル）１，３−ジオキサンを10％含むも
のの電圧−コントラスト特性を示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing voltage-contrast characteristics of a liquid crystal composition provided by the present invention containing 5% of 2-(P-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane, and FIG. Similarly, it is a diagram showing the voltage-contrast characteristics of a sample containing 10% of 2-(P-cyanophenyl)1,3-dioxane.
Claims (1)
を示し、R2は炭素数１、２のアルキル基又は４
の直鎖アルキル基を示す。）で表わされる化合物
の58.6〜61.7wt％と、 一般式が （但しR3は炭素数２のアルキル基又は４の直
鎖アルキル基を示す。）で表わされる化合物の
24.6〜26.2wt％と、 化学式が で表わされる化合物の6.8〜7.1wt％と、 化学式が で表わされる化合物の５〜10wt％とからなるこ
とを特徴とするネマチツク液晶組成物。[Claims] 1. The general formula is (However, R 1 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms or a 4-carbon alkyl group.
represents a straight-chain alkyl group. ) and the general formula is (However, R 3 represents an alkyl group having 2 carbon atoms or a straight chain alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms.)
The chemical formula is 24.6-26.2wt%. 6.8-7.1wt% of the compound represented by and the chemical formula is A nematic liquid crystal composition comprising 5 to 10 wt% of a compound represented by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17844180A JPS57102981A (en) | 1980-12-17 | 1980-12-17 | Nematic liquid crystal composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17844180A JPS57102981A (en) | 1980-12-17 | 1980-12-17 | Nematic liquid crystal composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57102981A JPS57102981A (en) | 1982-06-26 |
| JPH0219157B2 true JPH0219157B2 (en) | 1990-04-27 |
Family
ID=16048568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17844180A Granted JPS57102981A (en) | 1980-12-17 | 1980-12-17 | Nematic liquid crystal composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57102981A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013191153A1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-27 | Jnc株式会社 | Optically isotropic liquid crystal composition and optical device |
-
1980
- 1980-12-17 JP JP17844180A patent/JPS57102981A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57102981A (en) | 1982-06-26 |
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