JPH0218413B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and a gas turbine.
A gas turbine power plant having an air compressor subsystem and a gas purification subsystem, and more particularly, a method and apparatus for preheating a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem prior to cold start of the power plant. Regarding.

This type of gas turbine power plant is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,791,137 to Jubb et al.
No. 3,924,402 to Harboe (issued December 9, 1975) and has a pressurized fluidized bed combustor, and In those having a gas purification subsystem for removing associated particulate solids from the combustion gases prior to passage of the combustion gases to the gas turbine, the combustor It is necessary to preheat.
If the combustor and gas purification subsystem are not preheated, the cold walls of the combustor and gas purification subsystem will cause water produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons in the combustion gases to condense. This water mixes with fly ash and other entrained particulates, such as calcium oxide, to form a paste-like substance. These glue-like substances solidify into a cement-like substance that fouls combustors and gas purification subsystems, making them less efficient. Preheating the combustor and gas purification subsystem, since heating the combustor and gas purification subsystem may require exposure to heat for an extended period of time, e.g. 24 hours, depending on their size. It is desirable that the method or means be thermally efficient.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a relatively simple method and apparatus for preheating a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem of a gas turbine power plant having a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for thermally efficiently preventing condensation on the interior surfaces of combustors and gas cleaning subsystems.

Another object of the invention is a method and apparatus for preheating a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem of a power plant prior to a cold start of the power plant. It is an object of the present invention to provide a system that does not require a separate heat source from the gas turbine-air compressor subsystem.

Yet another object of the present invention is a method and apparatus for preheating a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem of a gas turbine power plant having a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem. utilizes compressed air that is heated by the heat of compression and is therefore relatively moisture-free.

Yet another object of the invention is a gas purification system of the type requiring compressed air and having a separator connected to receive compressed air from a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem of a gas turbine power plant. A method and apparatus for preheating subsystems and internal surfaces of a pressurized fluidized bed combustor, the preheating method and apparatus comprising: a gas purification system and a combustor; The object of the present invention is to provide something that allows compressed air to flow in opposite directions.

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a novel method and apparatus for preheating a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas cleaning subsystem of a gas turbine power plant prior to a "cold start" of the power plant.

The gas turbine power plant includes a pressurized fluidized bed combustor,
It is of the type that has a gas cleaning subsystem and a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem.
These three components are connected together to pass the combustion gases generated within the combustor to the gas purification subsystem. Particulate matter contained in the combustion gas is substantially removed in the gas purification subsystem,
The substantially clean combustion gases are passed to the gas turbine of the gas turbine-air compressor subsystem to drive the gas turbine and, in turn, the air compressor. Compressed air is directed into a pressurized fluidized bed to fluidize and support the combustion of solid fuels and to control combustion temperatures.

The preheating device includes combustion means for generating combustion gas separately from the pressurized fluidized bed combustor. First conduit means is connected between the combustion means and the gas turbine to direct the combustion gases to the gas turbine to drive the gas turbine and in turn to drive the air compressor. Second conduit means are provided for communicating the air compressor with and passing compressed air to the gas purification subsystem and the fluidized bed combustor. Valve means is provided and acts into position to prevent the flow of gaseous fluid from the gas purification subsystem to the gas turbine. Venting means are provided for venting the fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem. The venting means selectively operates to communicate the interior of the pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem with the atmosphere, thereby directing heated compressed air through the gas purification subsystem and combustor and thence to the atmosphere. Create a flow. Approximately 350〓 (176.7℃)
The compressed air loses heat to the gas purification subsystem and combustor as it flows, thereby heating the internal surfaces of the pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem. This preheating prevents water vapor from condensing on these inner surfaces during power plant startup.

According to a more specific aspect of the invention, the gas purification subsystem comprises a plurality of separators connected in series with each other. Separators located last in the direction of flow of combustion gases when the power plant is in operation are of the type that require compressed air for maximum effectiveness, such as those requiring compressed air, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 29085. Aerodyne Development Co., Solon Road
Series SV dust collectors manufactured by the SV Development Corporation. The preheating compressed air is conducted through the same conduit that supplies compressed air to the last separator during operation of the power plant.
The venting means is associated with the combustor such that compressed air flows through the gas purification subsystem and the combustor in a direction opposite to the direction of combustion gases when the power plant is in operation.

A method of preheating a combustor and gas purification subsystem according to the present invention includes generating combustion gases in a combustor separate from a fluidized bed combustor and passing such combustion gases through a gas turbine to drive the gas turbine; The method includes the step of driving an air compressor thereby to generate compressed air heated by the heat of compression.
Compressed air from the air compressor is then directed to a purification subsystem and a fluidized bed combustor, while gaseous fluid flow from the purification subsystem to the gas turbine is obstructed. Additionally, the interior of the fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem is vented to atmosphere, resulting in a flow of compressed air through the purification subsystem and fluidized bed combustor.

In a narrower scope, the preheating method according to the present invention directs compressed air to the gas purification subsystem and first vents the combustor so that the flow of compressed air through the gas purification subsystem and combustor is controlled before the power plant is operated. the flow of combustion gases through these components when the combustion gases flow through the components.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Reference numeral 10 generally indicates a gas turbine power plant according to the invention. The power plant generally includes a fluidized bed combustor 12, a purification subsystem 14, and a gas turbine and air compressor subsystem 16. Subsystems 14 and 16 are surrounded by dash-dotted lines in the drawing.

The fluidized bed combustor 12 has three laterally spread partitions 1
8, 20 and 22. These partitions divide the interior of the fluidized bed combustor into a reaction or combustion zone 24 and two inlet plenums 26 and 28.
and an exit plenum 30. Fluidized bed combustor 12 is connected via conduit 32 to a fuel supply means 34 for receiving suitably sized particulate fuel, such as high sulfur coal, in combustion zone 24 . The fluidized bed combustor 12 is also connected via a conduit 38 to a fuel supply means 36 for receiving sulfur dioxide absorbing material, such as crushed dolomite, in the combustion zone 24. Compressed air is supplied to the partition 18 in a plenum 26.
It may also be perforated or provided with tuyere for distribution into the combustion zone 24. Combustion area 2
A heat exchanger 40 is disposed within combustion zone 24 to control the reaction temperature within combustion zone 24 within a range of approximately 507°C to 954°C. This heat exchanger has an inlet plenum 28
The outlet plenum 30 is connected to receive compressed air from the outlet plenum 30 and to discharge heated air into the outlet plenum 30.
The ash formed in the combustion zone 24 is removed from the exhaust conduit 4.
2, removed from the combustion zone via ash cooler 44 and ash hopper 45.

Gas turbine and air compressor subsystem 1
6 includes an air compressor 46 connected to and driven by a gas turbine 48. Gas turbine 48 is connected to exhaust combustion gases via conduits 52 and 54 to a free power turbine. An isolation valve 56 is disposed within conduit 54 to control the flow of exhaust gas from turbine 48 to power turbine 50 . Additionally, the valve control bypass conduit 58
is provided to pass exhaust gas from turbine 48 to exhaust conduit 60 of power turbine 50 . A conduit 62 is provided to direct exhaust gas from an exhaust conduit 60 of the free turbine 50 to a waste heat boiler (not shown) or from an exhaust conduit 48 of the gas turbine 48 .
A valve 64 is provided within conduit 62 . This valve opens and valves 57 and 5 in bypass conduit 58
When 6 is closed, this valve 64 allows exhaust gas from the gas turbine 48 to bypass the free turbine 50 and be directed directly to the waste heat boiler.
Free power turbine 50 is connected to drive a load, such as an alternator 66. To prevent surging of the compressor 46, a reverse valve 67, a bypass pipe 71 and a valve 73 in the main compressed air supply pipe 69 are installed.
A surge prevention means is provided.

A purification subsystem 14 is provided within apparatus 10 . The system includes a plurality of separators 70 , 72 , 74 connected in series with each other by conduits 78 , 80 and 82 and which in turn receive combustion gases discharged from the fluidized bed combustor 12 via an outlet conduit 84 .
and 76. The separator 70 is connected to the discharge conduit 8
6 to the fluidized bed combustor 12, the unburned fuel particulates contained in the combustion gas are separated from the combustion gas in a separator 70 and returned to the combustion zone 18 where they are combusted. Substantially clean combustion gases exit the separator 76 via an outlet conduit 88. The outlet conduit 88 is also connected to a first ventilation means having a pipe 90. This pipe 90 has a valve 92 and is connected to a pressurized water washer 94 . Water washer 94 is vented through pipe 96 when valve 98 in pipe 96 is in the open position. Valve 92 is closed except during startup or shutdown operations of power plant 10. Separator 7
6 is the type that requires compressed air, such as Solon, 29085 Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Series manufactured by Aerodyne Development Corporation of Rhodes.
It may also be an SV dust collector. Separator 76
The separator 76 is connected to the fluidized bed combustor 12 by a pipe 100 in order to supply compressed air to the fluidized bed combustor 12 .
Pipe 100 connects at one end to main compressed air supply pipe 69
The other end communicates with the separator 76. During operation of the power plant 10, a portion of the entire compressed air flows through the pipe 1.
00 directly to the separator 76. Pipe 100 includes a valve 104 that controls the flow of air through the pipe from air compressor 46 . A pipe 106 is provided to connect the plenum 30 of the fluidized bed combustor with the pipe 100 and the clean combustion gas pipe 108. This clean combustion gas pipe 1
08 connects the outlet pipe 88 of the separator 76 with the gas turbine 48 to pass the purified hot combustion gas to the gas turbine. A valve 110 is disposed within pipe 106 between where it connects with pipes 100 and 108. By modulating valve 110, the amount of compressed air flow through pipe 100 is adjusted according to the demands of separator 76.
This valving determines the amount of air that is bypassed through pipe 106 to pipe 108.

In addition to the main compressed air supply pipe 69, branch pipes 114 and 116 are provided which pass compressed air to the pressurized fluidized bed combustor 12 when the power plant is in operation. Branch pipe 114 is connected at one end to main supply pipe 69 and at the other end to plenum 26 to direct compressed air to plenum 25 . The branch pipe 116 is connected at one end to the main supply pipe 69;
It is connected to plenum 28 at the other end. Branch pipe 1
The flow of compressed air through 14 and 116 is regulated by valves 118 and 120 in each pipe. Valves 118 and 120 are typically connected to compressor 46
is adjusted to distribute the compressed air discharged by the main supply pipe 69 into the main supply pipe 69. There, approximately one-third of the air is directed to plenum 26 to suspend the fuel particulates and support combustion of the fuel, and approximately two-thirds of the air is supplied to plenum 28 and flows through heat exchanger 40. and cooling the combustion zone 40.

Bypass pipe 122 has one end connected to main supply pipe 6
9 to receive compressed air from the main supply pipe 69 and to pass the compressed air to the auxiliary combustor 124 . A fuel such as oil or gas is selectively supplied to the combustor 12.
4 and when it is necessary to heat the compressed air, such as in start-up mode, the hot gas is sent to pipe 114 and from there to the plenum 26 of the fluidized bed combustor 12. A valve 126 is provided in the bypass pipe 122 to connect the second auxiliary combustor 1
Controls the flow of compressed air to 24.

In accordance with the present invention, prior to a cold start of the power plant 10, a , the fluidized bed combustor 12 and gas purification subsystem 14 of the power plant 10 are preheated. This preheating is achieved by providing a second auxiliary combustor 130. The second auxiliary combustor 130 may form part of the gas turbine-air compressor subsystem 16 or may be separate therefrom.
Oil or gaseous fuel is combusted within combustor 130 to generate combustion gases. The combustion gases are passed through the combustor 130 outlet pipe and pipe 108 to the gas turbine 48 to drive the gas turbine, which in turn drives the compressor 46 . The initially compressed air is supplied to the auxiliary compressed air source ( (not shown) to the combustor 130. A valve 136 is provided within pipe 134 to control the flow of compressed air to combustor 130 . When preheating, pipe 1
Pipes 106 and 132 and pipe 1 in 08
Valves 92, 110, 118, 120 and 126 with valve 138 arranged between the connection points with 08
will be closed. When the valve 104 in the pipe 100 is in the open position, the heat of compression causes about 300〓(148.9
Flow compressed air heated to a temperature of 30°F (°C). The pressurized fluidized bed combustor 12 is connected to the conduit 1 as shown.
40 and is equipped with good ventilation means. Flow through this conduit 140 is controlled by valve 142. This conduit 140 has one end connected to the pressurized fluidized bed combustor 1
2 and communicates with the atmosphere via a filter 144. This filter, which may be in the power plant's baghouse (not shown) or may be a separate filtering element, removes any particulate matter contained in the compressed air before it is discharged to the atmosphere. remove. Alternatively, the venting means may be a manhole (not shown) in the combustor 12 that communicates with the reaction chamber 24 and has a removable cover (not shown). A filter element (not shown) may be inserted into the manhole to filter the compressed air that exits to the atmosphere after the cover is removed. When vent valve 142 is open, compressed air flows into separator 76 via pipe 100 and from there via pipes 82, 80 and 78 connecting the separators to each other during operation of power plant 10. The separator 7 is installed in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the combustion gas generated in the fluidized bed combustor 12.
4, 72 and 70. Compressed air leaving separator 70 enters fluidized bed combustor 12 via pipes 84 and 86 and exits fluidized bed combustor 12 via conduit 140 and a filter to the atmosphere. The compressed air is compressed to avoid condensation that occurs on the inside surfaces of the fluidized bed combustor 12 and gas cleaning subsystem 14 when the power plant is started.
The flow continues until the inner surfaces are sufficiently heated.

Although compressed air for preheating is shown flowing through pipe 100 to separator 76, which requires compressed air in normal operation, the compressed air for preheating is routed through a separator that does not normally receive compressed air. 76 and that a pipe 100 could be provided to supply such compressed air for preheating purposes only without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Should. Additionally, venting means in the form of pipe 100 and vent conduit 140 may be omitted if the separator 76 is not of a type that requires compressed air for normal operation. Preheating with compressed air is accomplished by opening valves 92 and 98 to communicate the gas purification subsystem with the atmosphere and opening valve 118 to direct compressed air into the plenum 26 of the fluidized bed combustor 12 via pipe 69 and branch pipe 114. This can be achieved by allowing it to flow in. In this embodiment, other valves 110, 120, 126 and 1
38 is in the closed position. The compressed air will then flow from the plenum 26 through the gas purification subsystem 14 in the same direction as the flow of combustion gases when the power plant is in operation. The compressed air will then flow from gas purification subsystem 14 via pipe 90, washer 94 and pipe 96 to the atmosphere.

The present invention provides a novel apparatus and method for preheating a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas purification subsystem of a power plant, the apparatus and method being thermodynamically efficient, simple in construction, and inexpensive. It should now be readily clear to provide a method.

Although only two embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not so limited. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, various changes may be made in the arrangement of components without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing shows a gas turbine power plant according to the invention. (Symbol in the figure), 10... Gas turbine power unit;
12... Pressurized fluidized bed combustor; 14... Gas purification subsystem; 16... Gas turbine and air compressor subsystem; 46... Air compressor; 48... Gas turbine; 69... Main compressed air supply pipe; 92, 10
4,110,118,120,126,138...
Valve; 100... Pipe; 114, 116... Branch pipe; 108... Clean combustion gas pipe; 130... Second
Auxiliary combustor; 140... conduit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A gas turbine-air compressor subsystem;
a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and a gas turbine-air compressor sub connected to the fluidized bed combustor for receiving combustion gases from the combustor and removing associated particulate matter from such combustion gases; and a purification subsystem connected to the system to pass clean combustion gases through the turbine of a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem to drive the gas turbine and, in turn, to drive the air compressor of the subsystem. , Gas Turbine - In a gas turbine power plant in which the air compressor subsystem is connected to a fluidized bed combustor to provide compressed air to the combustor, preheating preheats the combustor and purification subsystem prior to power plant startup. A method comprising: a) generating combustion gas in a combustor separate from the fluidized bed combustor and passing such combustion gas through a gas turbine to drive the gas turbine, thereby driving an air compressor; b) passing compressed air heated by the heat of compression through a purification subsystem and a fluidized bed combustor; c) obstructing the flow of gaseous fluid from the purification subsystem to the gas turbine; and d) purification. venting the subsystems and the interior of the fluidized bed combustor;
a purification subsystem and a flow of heated compressed air through a fluidized bed combustor. 2. The purification system has a plurality of separators connected in series with each other, and the heated compressed air is passed through the purification subsystem of the plurality of separators when the power plant is in operation. The preheating method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of passing the stream through a final separator. 3. Preheating according to claim 1, comprising the step of filtering compressed air discharged from the combustor and gas purification subsystem to remove accompanying particulates from the compressed air before it is released into the atmosphere. Method. 4. A pressurized fluidized bed combustor, a gas purification subsystem, and a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem are interconnected to generate combustion gases within the combustor and to direct such gases to the gas purification subsystem. a gas turbine power plant that flows purified combustion gas from the gas cleaning subsystem to a gas turbine to drive the gas turbine and the air compressor, the air compressor being connected to the combustor for passing compressed air; A preheating device for heating a combustor and gas purification subsystem prior to start-up of a power plant, comprising: a) a combustion means separate from said combustor for providing combustion gases; b) a combustion means separate from said combustor; a first conduit means connected to a gas turbine of a gas turbine-air compressor subsystem for directing combustion gases to the gas turbine and driving the gas turbine and thereby driving the air compressor; c) a first conduit means for driving the air compressor; a second conduit means in communication with the gas purification subsystem and the combustor for passing compressed air thereto; d) a second conduit means disposed within the second conduit means and for fluid flow from the gas purification subsystem to the gas turbine; valve means acting on a position that prevents;
e) the gas purification subsystem and the gas purification subsystem by selectively acting to communicate the interior of the combustor and the gas purification subsystem with the atmosphere and creating a flow of heated compressed air through the gas purification subsystem and the combustor; A preheating device comprising ventilation means for heating the combustor. 5. said venting means cooperating with the combustor and said second conduit means first communicating the air compressor with the gas purification subsystem, such that heated compressed air from said air compressor passes through the gas purification subsystem; 5. The preheating device of claim 4, wherein the preheating device flows through the gas cleaning subsystem into the combustor in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of combustion gases when the power plant is in operation. 6. Preheating device according to claim 5, wherein the venting means is an opening in the wall of the combustor closed by a removable cover that is removed for preheating. 7. said gas purification subsystem comprising a plurality of separators serially connected to each other and to a combustor to sequentially receive combustion gas from the combustor under normal operation of the power plant; 5. Preheating device according to claim 4, wherein the two conduit means are connected to the last separator for the flow of combustion gases when the power plant is in operation. 8. The last separator is of the cyclone type using compressed air, and the second conduit means directs compressed air to the last separator under normal operating conditions of the power plant. Preheating device according to item 7.