JPH02173783A - Color matrix array for flat panel display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve picture element density at low costs by providing a color matrix array including a plurality of four-color-picture-element pattern in a matrix. CONSTITUTION: An array 100 includes a plurality of adjacent lines 102 and 104, each line 102 and 104 has a plurality of picture elements 106, and those lines are extended to a first direction shown by an arrow F. Also, the array 100 includes adjacent rows 108 and 110, and each row 108 and 110 includes a plurality of picture elements 106, and the rows 108 and 110 are extended to a second direction vertical to a first direction. Then, one line 102 includes the pattern in which two among the four elements, for example, R and Y are alternating, and the adjacent line 104 includes the pattern in which the other two picture elements are alternating. One row 108 includes the pattern in which two among the four picture elements, for example, R and B are alternating, and the adjacent row 110 includes the pattern in which the other two picture elements are alternating. As a result, a single four-color-picture-element pattern 112 is repeated in a matrix as a whole. Thus, picture element density can be improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to image communications, and more particularly to individually addressable matrices of red, green and blue (R-G-B) pixels. The present invention relates to flat panel color matrix display devices such as those used to produce full color alphanumeric, graphics and/or television images.

[Conventional technology]

The current generation of full color matrix displays do not have sufficient pixel density to produce high quality color images in all chromaticity image orientations.

Forming a trichromatic image 1g (typically R-G-B) in a rectangular matrix, which greatly facilitates the construction and implementation of individual pixel addressing techniques and makes the angular resolution of images of different colors asymmetrical. Attempts are being made. Inadequate power pixel density and asymmetric angular resolution can themselves lead to image graininess and color "fringing" or aliasing.
It shows. The coarseness or at least one asymmetry of the R and G primaries is particularly problematic, especially in the case of the mixed colors yellow (R+G) and white (R+G+B). This problem arises because human vision has a particularly high resolution for R and G. This makes the fusion of R and G pixels difficult at a practical level of individual pixel density.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Two techniques have been proposed to solve this problem. The first technique, the most obvious, is to increase the pixel density to the point where the quantization effects of individual pixels are no longer significant. Very high pixel densities seem impractical due to constraints related to manufacturability, cost, driver complexity, etc. The second technique minimizes color fringing and aliasing effects and allows useful resolution in all angular orientations of the image.
G] to form an optimized geometry of three elements. This second technique is difficult, mainly because the pixel density is relatively low (coarse) and arranging one set of three colors R-G-B in an orthogonal matrix is not an optimal shape. It turns out that there is. Placing the pixels in groups of four instead of three helps with angular effects, but it is difficult to eliminate color stripes when combining R and G elements.

The foregoing is indicative of limitations known to exist in current devices. Therefore, it would be useful to develop other techniques that overcome one or more of the above limitations.

[Means to solve problems]

In one aspect of the invention, a plurality of 4
By providing a color matrix play that includes color pixel patterns, the drawbacks of conventional devices can be overcome. Each pattern includes RGB pixels and yellow (Y) pixels. Each pattern is formed by the intersection of any two adjacent rows and any two adjacent columns.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Colorama) IJ sock display devices can employ any number of techniques to produce full-color images. This display device is
It can be self-emissive, as in the case of multicolor light-emitting diode (IJED) matrix displays or matrix-addressed electroluminescent (EL) panels, or can be self-emissive, or dependent on the alignment and orientation of liquid crystal (LC) molecules. It can also be non-self-luminous, such as an LC matrix display, which can transmit or absorb incident light by electronic control. Non-self-luminous devices, such as LC matrix displays, form quantized images by having pixels selectively transmit or block light from an external light source; ” is sometimes called. A common feature of all current matrix display technologies to produce full color images is a mosaic of primary color elements, typically R-G-B. In the case of a self-generating device, separate light emitting elements are required, each generating light in one of the primary color wavelength bands, and the separate light emitting elements are arranged to generate a color matrix pixel pattern.

In the case of a passive non-self-luminous device, such as an LC matrix, a 7-ray of color filters is placed over the matrix of individual light valves and aligned to produce a mosaic of color pixels. Also, they are typically R-G-B filter elements. Figure 1 shows a typical passive force lamp modified to add the fourth color, yellow (Y). shows the relationship between The concept and characteristics of color pixel placement are the subject of this invention.

Light is irradiated onto the mounting R10 from behind. The device ff1NO includes a polarizer 12 and a glass substrate 14 including a plurality of thin film transistors 16. A well-known liquid crystal material 18 is provided between the substrate 14 and a common electrode 2o containing B-G-R-Y color filters 22.24, 28.28. Another glass substrate 30 and polarizer 32 complete the elements of device 10.

Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D show that the force 2
- shows the arrangement of four types of color pixels for constructing a matrix display device; FIG. 2A shows an R-G-B arrangement in which the primary colors are oriented in the object line direction. FIG. 2B shows an R-G-B arrangement in which primary color pixels are grouped in groups of three. This has an offset structure. This offset structure is
The Delta Electron Gun Shadow Mask reminds me of the three color arrangement commonly used in color cathode ray tubes.

FIG. 2C shows an R-G-B pattern with vertically oriented strips of primary colors. This pattern is reminiscent of an in-line electron gun shadow mask color cathode ray tube. FIG. 2D shows a four-element R-G-B-G pattern.

Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are
A white line synthesized from vertical, horizontal, and two 45-degree R-G-B elements for each of the 4s class color pixel arrangements described with reference to Figures A, 2C, and 2D. show. The text symbols in each of the two sets of diagrams are correlated such that each text symbol is associated with one of the four color pixel arrangements. It should be noted that in the four-pixel patterns of Figures 2D and 3D, the two redundant G elements are driven to produce half of the total line brightness sought at each of the two G pixels. . The significance of Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D is that the non-uniformity of the line widths of straight lines and "stair stepping" or " This indicates the varying degree of aliasing. The 4-element butter/ of FIG. 2D appears to have the most uniform line width and minimize stepping or aliasing.

This is the result of a more angularly symmetrical arrangement of the four-element color pixels in a rectangular matrix than any of the three-element patterns. What is not apparent from the black and white representations of Figures 3A-3D is the color fringes (turns or color aliasing) as a function of the angular orientation of the line image typically observed in various color pixel arrangements. Since these effects depend on the dimensions, chromaticity, luminance, and shape of the individual color pixels, they are not easy to represent graphically or in black and white. can be observed.

These effects are mainly due to the lack of sufficient visual integration in the 8-wavelength and G-elements; It is a function of good resolution performance of visual organization. For example, R
In the Y image composed of the and G elements, the viewer sees a yellowish image, but can also distinguish between the individual R and G elements. Yorina Y with the inside filled in
Rather than an image, the image appears to be composed of a mosaic of individual elements. Furthermore, edge effects and asymmetric effects may cause certain primary colors to accumulate at the edges of the image, resulting in strong primary color stripes and deteriorating image quality. The degree of image quality degradation varies depending on the arrangement of color pixels and the angular orientation of the lines used to construct the image. This is R-G
The same applies to the white image composed of -B elements. The R and G elements have relatively small pixel dimensions (for example, approximately 0.020 to 0.025 mm (o, oos to 0.0
10 inches)), are individually distinguishable even at normal viewing distances of about 50.8 = 71.1 cIn (about 20-28 inches). However, due to the unique nature of short wavelength (BK sensing) visual mechanisms, B elements of appropriate relative brightness for white mixing are hardly discernible under the same conditions.

An embodiment of a color matrix array 100.100a of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, respectively.

Array 100, FIG. 4A, includes a plurality of adjacent rows 102,
104. Each row 102i04 has a plurality of pixels 10
Contains 6. Rows 102, 104 extend in a first direction indicated by arrow F. Array 100 has a plurality of adjacent columns 1
It also has 08,110. Each column 108.110 also includes a plurality of pixels 106. The rows 108° 110 extend in a second direction (in the direction of arrow S) perpendicular to the first direction.

Each play of FIG. 4A or 4B includes a plurality of four-color pixel patterns 112 formed by the intersection of any two adjacent rows and any two adjacent columns. Each pixel pattern includes R, Y, B, and G pixels.

Special to the array of FIG. 4A, one of the rows 10
2 includes an alternating pattern of two of the four pixels, eg, R and Y. Adjacent row 104 contains two other pixels, eg, an alternating pattern of B and 01. One of the columns 108 contains two of the four pixels, e.g. R and B.
1 alternating pattern. Adjacent columns 11 (l) contain alternating patterns of two other pixels, e.g., Y and G. The result is a single four-color pixel pattern 112 repeated throughout the matrix.

In the array of FIG. 4B, each adjacent row contains a sequential pattern of four pixels each. For example, row 102a is R
, Y, G, B pixels, row 104 contains B, G,
Contains R and Y pixels. Each adjacent column contains a sequential pattern of four pixels each. For example, column 108a is R, B, Y
, G(7) pixels, and the adjacent columns 110a are Y, G,
Contains R and B pixels. As a result, four four-color pixel patterns 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d
is seen repeatedly throughout the matrix.

Figures 4A and 4B show patterns of the invention;
The figure and FIG. 4D show the vertical, horizontal, and two 45 degree composite white lines generated by the R-G-B-Y pixel arrangement. FIG. 4A shows an R-G-B-Y pattern in which the same four R-G-B-Y pixels are repeated periodically throughout the matrix. FIG. 4B shows R-G-
A variation of the pattern is shown in which the rows of the B-Y pattern simply alternate in the horizontal direction of the matrix, and the columns of the pattern simply alternate in the vertical direction.

The pattern of Figure 4B is slightly more complex, but allows for more symmetrical lines to be produced at angles slightly offset from the main horizontal and vertical directions.

It is clear from FIGS. 4C and 4D that the line widths are -like and relatively free from step-like grading or aliasing. Furthermore, properties specific to color cannot be expressed in black and white.

What is clear from a full color image of the correct dimensions, correct chromaticity and correct brightness is that there is no color stripe pattern or color aliasing in the image produced by the R-G-B-Y color pixel arrangement. According to the present invention, color images R1G, B, Y can be generated by a single primary element, and the mixed colors magenta (RIB), blue-violet (G+B), and white (Y+B) can be generated using up to two primary colors, and one of them The color is always B.

Since B has the property that it is extremely effective in determining chromaticity at barely discernible luminance levels, all mixed colors have a chromaticity determined by the mixture of two primary colors and a non-blue color. It appears as a single -like image with a brightness and geometrical appearance determined approximately only by the primary pigments. The improvement in color matrix display images achieved by using the present invention is very significant and dramatic.

As explained above, each of the
for color display utilizing a number of individually addressable pixels that produce one primary color and, when combined with other color pixels and properly activated, produce a spatially composite full-color image. It's about the equipment. In more detail,
The present invention provides for generating at least one of full color alphanumeric, graphic or television type video images.
One such device in which a matrix of individually addressable R-G-B pixels is used is a flat panel color matrix display. The present invention is based on the four primary color system R.
- Contains another primary color Y to yield G-BY.

The present invention uses a four primary color pattern. The r-color pattern is
There are two main advantages for color matrix display designs with limited resolution: 1) By including the primary color Y, in that Y can be generated as an R+G mixed color with just one pigment element, and white can be generated as a Y+B combination rather than the typical R+G+B combination. The need to use problematic RAG mixture colors is eliminated, and 2) angular asymmetries for single-element or dual-element lines are minimized for all primary colors and all mixture colors. Previous basic visual experiments have shown that the chromaticity of blue is integrated over a wide spatial region.

Thus, while the spine effectively enables color change, it contributes little to brightness or visible resolution. Advantageously, the addition of the Y primary color makes it possible to take advantage of such characteristics of human vision by making it possible to generate all secondary or mixed colors with the primary colors R, G' or Y. Such a feature of human vision is that the primary colors R, G or Y
It is advantageous to use B in combination with B because it makes it possible to produce all secondary or mixed colors. There is no need to activate the original R, G or Y in combination to produce a mixed color. When B is used in combination with other primary colors, the color can be changed without producing an appreciable streak pattern or increasing line width. Reducing or eliminating angular asymmetry is another advantage derived from the ability to arrange four primary color pixel patterns more symmetrically in a positive matrix than three primary color patterns. This minimizes the jagged edges of the lines at various angles and minimizes the occurrence of aliasing in the color stripes.

The main advantages of a four-color (R-G-B-Y) pixel arrangement are that 1) problems with visible color striping or color aliasing are minimized; and 2) variations across angular orientations. The symmetry of color lines or color images is better. The first advantage is obtained by appealing to the large area spatial chromaticity integral function of human vision for resolving power for short wavelengths and short wavelengths with low brightness, and the advantage of greater symmetry is that the four primary color pixels This is due to the ability to achieve better angularly symmetric shapes when arranged in a positive matrix. These two features allow much better color matrix display video quality to be achieved without the increased cost and complexity of construction due to higher pixel densities.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the main components of a color image forming color pixel matrix, and FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D show the color pixel arrangement of a conventional matrix display device. The diagrams shown in Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are similar to Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2.
Diagram 4A showing white lines in vertical, horizontal and 45 degree angle orientations for the pixel arrangement shown in Figure D
Figures 4B, 4C and 4D are diagrams illustrating examples of the color matrix play of the present invention and the white lines generated thereby. 10＠...Color matrix device, 12°32...
・・Polarizer, 14.3Q・ψ number・Glass substrate, 16th and 4th transistor, 18・・Liquid crystal material, 20−@・
- Electrode, 22~28・Φ・・Color filter, 100.10
0a...Matrix array, 102.104
φ...adjacent row, 108.110...adjacent column.

Claims (1)

[Claims] comprising a plurality of pixels each represented by one of four colors blue, green, red or yellow arranged to form a matrix of mutually orthogonal rows and columns, each row in said matrix being one of the four colors; having a repeating order, each row in a set of 4 rows is a first group of two adjacent rows in a set of 4 rows;
one of said four colors having a first repeating row order of said four colors and such that a second group of two adjacent rows has a second repeating row order of said four colors; starting with one different color, thereby forming a repeating set of four rows, said first row order and said second row order such that the first group of two adjacent columns are of said four colors. a first repeating column order, such that a second group of two adjacent columns has a second repeating column order of said four colors;
the first row order and the second row order are arranged, the first row order and the second row order, together with the first column order and the second column order, in the matrix. A color matrix array for a flat panel display device, characterized in that the color matrix array is formed into blocks of four elements formed by two rows and two columns, each block containing said four colors, one for each element.