JPH02167910A - Wave dissipating device - Google Patents
Wave dissipating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02167910A JPH02167910A JP63322040A JP32204088A JPH02167910A JP H02167910 A JPH02167910 A JP H02167910A JP 63322040 A JP63322040 A JP 63322040A JP 32204088 A JP32204088 A JP 32204088A JP H02167910 A JPH02167910 A JP H02167910A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pontoon
- wave
- seabed
- mooring
- bags
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Landscapes
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は波のエネルギを反射および吸収することによ
って消滅させる消波装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] This invention relates to a wave canceling device that eliminates wave energy by reflecting and absorbing it.
従来から、安全な港湾水域を確保するのに種々の消波装
置が提案されている。これらは、一般に海底に構造物や
障害物を固定または積み重ねた防波構造物(防波堤)で
、海底地盤の地質や水深その他に応じて設計され、かつ
構築されており、これにより充分に初期の防波効果乃至
消波効果が達成されるように構成されている。Conventionally, various wave dissipating devices have been proposed to ensure safe harbor waters. These are generally breakwater structures (breakwaters) in which structures and obstacles are fixed or stacked on the seabed, and are designed and constructed according to the geology of the seabed, water depth, etc. It is configured to achieve a wave-blocking effect or a wave-dissipating effect.
しかしながら、かかる従来の消波装置では、入射波を受
ける例えば防波堤前部に大きな反射波を生じ、これが船
舶航行の障害になるとともに、水深が大きくなるにつれ
て建設費が増大する。また。However, such conventional wave-dissipating devices produce large reflected waves, for example, at the front of the breakwater that receives the incident waves, which impedes ship navigation and increases construction costs as the water depth increases. Also.
かかる防波堤は海底に設立されるので、この防波堤の前
部および背部間における海水交換率が悪いなどの問題点
があった。Since such a breakwater is established on the seabed, there are problems such as poor seawater exchange rate between the front and back parts of the breakwater.
また、最近では、外海に面した沿岸域をより有効に利用
するため、海水交換機能を持ち、消波効率が良く、シか
も経済性の高い消波構造物の必要性が高まっている。In addition, recently, in order to make more effective use of coastal areas facing the open sea, there has been an increasing need for wave-dissipating structures that have a seawater exchange function, have good wave-dissipating efficiency, and are highly economical.
この発明はかかる従来の問題点および必要性に着目して
なされたものであり、反射波の発生を抑制し、海水交換
率の悪化がなく、しかも構造を簡単にして安価に得られ
る消波装置を得ることを目的とする。This invention was made in view of the problems and needs of the prior art, and provides a wave dissipating device that suppresses the generation of reflected waves, does not cause deterioration of the seawater exchange rate, and can be obtained at low cost with a simple structure. The purpose is to obtain.
この発明にかかる消波装置は不透過または複数の鉛直開
口を持つポンツーンを所定の水面下に位置させるように
、複数本の係留索によって海底に係留し、これらの係留
索の途中にばね装置を介装した構造としたものである。The wave dissipating device according to the present invention is moored to the seabed with a plurality of mooring lines so that an impermeable pontoon or a pontoon with a plurality of vertical openings is positioned below a predetermined water surface, and a spring device is installed in the middle of these mooring lines. It has an interposed structure.
また、別の発明の消波装置としては水圧の変化により膨
張、収縮するように膜の内部に適量の空気を入れた複数
の潜袋をポンツーンに設け、上記各潜袋を連通路によっ
て連結したものが考えられ、この中で複数の潜袋はポン
ツーンに設けた上端開口の円筒でそれぞれ囲んだものを
用いてもよい。In addition, as a wave dissipating device of another invention, a plurality of submersible bags each containing an appropriate amount of air inside the membrane are provided on a pontoon so as to expand and contract according to changes in water pressure, and each of the submersible bags is connected by a communication path. Among these, a plurality of submersible bags each surrounded by a cylinder with an open top provided on a pontoon may be used.
この発明におけるばね装置は、入射波のエネルギを受け
ると、波の峰に位置するポンツーンの一端を下降させ、
波の谷に位置するポンツーンの他端を上昇させるように
、そのポンツーンに回転運動をおこさせるように作用し
、入射波の全体を消波および砕波して、平滑化するよう
に動作する。The spring device in this invention lowers one end of the pontoon located at the crest of the wave when receiving the energy of the incident wave,
It acts to cause the pontoon to rotate so as to raise the other end of the pontoon located in the trough of the waves, and acts to dissipate and break the entire incident wave, thereby smoothing it.
以下に、この発明の一実施例を図について説明する。第
1図はその一実施例を示す断面図であり、同図において
、lは箱型構造物としてのポンツーンで、このポンツー
ンlには上面から下面に貫通する複数(多数)の鉛直開
口が、第2図にも示すように、並設されている。また、
このポンツーン1の下部には適当なばね定数を持ったば
ね装置3が設置されており、これがポンツーン1を海底
7に保留する複数の係留索4の途中に介在されている。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the invention, and in the same figure, l is a pontoon as a box-shaped structure, and this pontoon l has a plurality of vertical openings penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface. As shown in FIG. 2, they are arranged in parallel. Also,
A spring device 3 having an appropriate spring constant is installed at the lower part of the pontoon 1, and this spring device 3 is interposed between a plurality of mooring lines 4 that retain the pontoon 1 on the seabed 7.
そして、このポンツーン1は全体が水面6から所定深さ
の水中に位置するように、上記各係留索4とコンクリー
トアンカ5とによって海底7に係留されている。The pontoon 1 is moored to the seabed 7 by the mooring cables 4 and concrete anchors 5 so that the entire pontoon 1 is located underwater at a predetermined depth from the water surface 6.
第3図(a)、(b)は上記ばね装置3の詳細を示す原
理図であり、3aはばねケース、3bはこのばねケース
3a内に設けたコイル形のばねであり、ばねケース3a
はポンツーン1に繋がれた係留索4の下端に固定されて
いる。一方、ばね3bはばねケース3a内の底部に載置
されてねそのばね3bの上端部がコンクリートアンカ5
に繋がれた係留索4の上端に固定されている。これによ
れば、ポンツーン1が波を受けて上昇した際、ばね3b
を第3図(b)に示すように圧縮させ、波に対して適当
な反発力を以って消波するように作用する。なお、海底
の状態や水深によって、下部機構としてのコンクリート
アンカ5に代えて、海底に鉄骨などを組み上げたジャケ
ット、ケーソンなどを用いることは任意である。FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are principle diagrams showing the details of the spring device 3, in which 3a is a spring case, 3b is a coil-shaped spring provided in the spring case 3a, and the spring device 3a is a coil-shaped spring provided in the spring case 3a.
is fixed to the lower end of a mooring line 4 connected to the pontoon 1. On the other hand, the spring 3b is placed on the bottom of the spring case 3a, and the upper end of the spring 3b is connected to the concrete anchor 5.
It is fixed to the upper end of the mooring line 4 connected to the. According to this, when the pontoon 1 rises due to waves, the spring 3b
is compressed as shown in FIG. 3(b), and acts to dissipate waves with an appropriate repulsive force. Note that depending on the state of the seabed and the water depth, it is optional to use a jacket, caisson, or the like constructed of a steel frame on the seabed in place of the concrete anchor 5 as the lower mechanism.
次に動作について、ばね装置3を持たない従来の消波装
置と一部対比しながら説明する。まず。Next, the operation will be explained while partially comparing it with a conventional wave dissipating device that does not have the spring device 3. first.
ポンツーンlと係留索4とが直接接続されている従来の
消波装置にあっては。入射波を受けても、係留索4の一
定の長さに拘束されて、ポンツーン1は略水平方向に移
動し、この水平移動によってこのポンツーン1に作用す
る入射波の一部を反射し、透過波高の振幅を抑制する。In a conventional wave dissipating device in which the pontoon l and the mooring line 4 are directly connected. Even when receiving an incident wave, the pontoon 1 moves approximately horizontally due to the fixed length of the mooring line 4, and due to this horizontal movement, a part of the incident wave acting on the pontoon 1 is reflected and transmitted. Suppress the amplitude of wave height.
しかし、この発明では、係留索4の途中にバネ装置3を
介装するようにしたので、入射波を受けると、ポンツー
ンエは上記従来と同様の水平運動とともに、第3図(a
)、(b)に示すようなばね装置3におけるばね3bの
伸縮動作によって、第4図に示すように回転運動する。However, in this invention, since the spring device 3 is interposed in the middle of the mooring line 4, when the pontoon receives an incident wave, the pontoon moves horizontally in the same way as in the conventional case, as shown in FIG. 3 (a).
) and (b), the spring 3b in the spring device 3 expands and contracts, causing rotational movement as shown in FIG. 4.
すなわち、上記のような入射波を受けた場合には、波の
峰の下部に位置する一部位では、第5図に示すようにポ
ンツーン1が沈み込み、この沈み込みの反動を受けて、
この位置とは反対側の他部位でポンツーンlが浮き上が
ろうとし、このときの波の谷の水位をポンツーン1の上
記他部位が押し上げるように作用し、全体として波の波
高を平滑化するように作用する。このため、このような
ポンツーン1の運動によって、波の反射および砕波を一
層効果的に行わせ、入射波の振幅を低減することができ
る。That is, when receiving an incident wave as described above, the pontoon 1 sinks in a part located below the crest of the wave, as shown in FIG. 5, and in response to the reaction of this sinking,
Pontoon 1 tries to rise at another part on the opposite side from this position, and the other parts of pontoon 1 act to push up the water level at the trough of the waves at this time, smoothing out the wave height as a whole. It works like this. Therefore, by such movement of the pontoon 1, wave reflection and wave breaking can be performed more effectively, and the amplitude of the incident wave can be reduced.
また、この実施例ではポンツーン1には一定開口率の鉛
直開口2を多数設けてあり、この鉛直開口2に波の一部
を出入させることで、進行波エネルギの分散を図ること
ができ、その進行波の破砕と、そのエネルギの分散によ
る消波作用をさらに効果的に行わしめることができる。In addition, in this embodiment, the pontoon 1 is provided with a large number of vertical openings 2 with a constant opening ratio, and by allowing some of the waves to enter and leave the vertical openings 2, it is possible to disperse the traveling wave energy. The breaking of the traveling wave and the dissipation effect due to the dispersion of its energy can be performed more effectively.
第6図は従来とこの発明の消波装置の波長−透過率特性
図であり、曲線aはポンツーン1をばね装置3を介して
、係留索4に係留したこの発明の消波装置の特性を示し
、曲線すはポンツーン1をばね装置3を介さず、直接係
留索4によって係留した従来の消波装置の特性を示す。FIG. 6 is a wavelength-transmittance characteristic diagram of the conventional wave canceling device and the present invention. Curve a shows the characteristic of the present wave canceling device in which the pontoon 1 is moored to the mooring line 4 via the spring device 3. The curved line shows the characteristics of a conventional wave-dissipating device in which the pontoon 1 is directly moored by the mooring cable 4 without using the spring device 3.
これによれば、この発明の消波装置では波長(B/L)
が0.3〜0.4付近で顕著に透過率が低下し、この波
長を中心としてこれの付近で徐々に上昇しているが、従
来の消波装置に比べ少なくても0.2近く透過率が改善
されることが分かる。なお、ここで波の透過率は消波堤
を設置しない場合を1とした場合の波高の比である。According to this, in the wave canceling device of this invention, the wavelength (B/L)
The transmittance decreases significantly around 0.3 to 0.4, and gradually increases around this wavelength, but the transmittance is at least close to 0.2 compared to conventional wave breakers. It can be seen that the rate is improved. Note that the wave transmittance here is the ratio of the wave height when the case where no wave breakwater is installed is set to 1.
また、この発明でばばね装置i3を係留索4の途中に介
装しているため、入射波を受けた際に、係留索4に作用
する衝撃的な張力を効果的に緩和することができる。第
7図はこの張力の緩和状態を示し、ばね装置3を設けた
場合には第7図(a)に示すように、初期値、終了値2
片振幅とも、従来のばね装置3を設けないもの第7図(
b)に比較して、1/3以下に低減していることが分か
る。Further, in this invention, since the spring device i3 is interposed in the middle of the mooring line 4, it is possible to effectively alleviate the impactive tension that acts on the mooring line 4 when receiving an incident wave. . FIG. 7 shows this tension relaxation state, and when the spring device 3 is provided, as shown in FIG. 7(a), the initial value, the end value 2
For both half amplitudes, the conventional spring device 3 is not provided in Fig. 7 (
It can be seen that this is reduced to 1/3 or less compared to b).
第8図はこの発明にかかる消波装置の他の実施例を示す
。これはポンツーン1の上記鉛直開口2に重ならない複
数の位置に、このポンツーンlの肉厚内に鉛直筒1工を
設け、これらの鉛直筒11内に、水圧を受けて変形する
ように空気を内蔵した潜袋12がそれぞれ設けられ、か
つこれらの各潜袋12のうち、入射波の進行方向に一列
に並ぶものどうしがそれぞれ連通管13によって連結さ
れている。また、ここではコンクリートアンカ5に代え
てジャケット14が用いられている。FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the wave canceling device according to the present invention. This is done by providing vertical tubes 1 within the wall thickness of the pontoon 1 at multiple positions that do not overlap with the vertical openings 2 of the pontoon 1, and injecting air into these vertical tubes 11 so that they deform under water pressure. Built-in submersible bags 12 are respectively provided, and among these submersible bags 12, those lined up in a line in the direction of propagation of the incident wave are connected by communication pipes 13, respectively. Further, here, a jacket 14 is used in place of the concrete anchor 5.
かかる構成になる消波装置では、ばね装置3を介して係
留された鉛直開口2を有するポンツーン1の消波効果に
加えて、第6図に示すB/L0.5以上の領域で透過率
をさらに低下させるように作用する。In the wave dissipating device having such a configuration, in addition to the wave dissipating effect of the pontoon 1 having the vertical opening 2 moored via the spring device 3, the transmittance is increased in the region of B/L 0.5 or more as shown in FIG. It acts to further reduce it.
すなわち、この潜袋上2を持つ消波装置では、入射波の
進行により、波の谷では水圧が低く、波の峰では高くな
るので、波の峰にある潜袋12は収縮し、谷にある潜袋
12は膨大する。このため。In other words, in the wave dissipating device having the diving bag top 2, as the incident wave advances, the water pressure is low at the wave trough and high at the wave crest, so the diving bag 12 at the wave peak contracts, and the water pressure increases at the wave crest. Some diving bags 12 are enormous. For this reason.
これらの各潜袋12の変形により連通管13内に空気流
を生じ、波の峰を低下させるとともに谷を上昇させ、こ
のような潜袋12の各変形により波のエネルギを減衰さ
せる。つまり、入射波の位相と反対位相の波を発生させ
、その入射波を打ち消し、通過波を小さく抑える。The deformation of each of these submerged bags 12 generates an air flow within the communication tube 13, lowering the peaks of the waves and raising the troughs, and each of these deformations of the submerged bags 12 attenuates the energy of the waves. In other words, it generates a wave with a phase opposite to that of the incident wave, cancels the incident wave, and suppresses the passing wave.
なお、上記実施例ではポンツーン1に鉛直開口2を設け
たものについて説明したが、ポンツーン1に鉛直開口2
を設けない不透過構造物を用いることもできる。この場
合には、入射波のエネルギによる荷重が、このポンツー
ン1や係留索4の強度に負担とならないように、これら
のポンツーン1や係留索4の強度を高める必要がある。In the above embodiment, the pontoon 1 is provided with the vertical opening 2, but the pontoon 1 is provided with the vertical opening 2.
It is also possible to use an impermeable structure without a In this case, it is necessary to increase the strength of these pontoons 1 and mooring lines 4 so that the load due to the energy of the incident wave does not put a burden on the strength of these pontoons 1 and mooring lines 4.
以上説明してきたように、この発明によれば不透過また
は複数の鉛直開口を持つポンツーンを所定の水面下に位
置させるように、複数本の係留索゛によって海底に係留
し、上記係留索の途中にばね装置を介装したので、入射
波をこのポンツーンにより効果的に反射させ砕波および
消波を行うことができるほか、上記のようにばね装置を
組み込むことにより、暴風時に係留索に大きな衝撃力が
働くのを、回避できるという利点が得られる。また、構
造物は全体として形状、i或が簡単であるところから、
建設費を低減でき、極めて実用性の高いものになる等の
効果が得られる。As explained above, according to the present invention, an impermeable pontoon or a pontoon having a plurality of vertical openings is moored to the seabed by a plurality of mooring lines so as to be located under a predetermined water surface, and By incorporating a spring device into the pontoon, incident waves can be effectively reflected by the pontoon to break and dissipate the waves.In addition, by incorporating the spring device as described above, the mooring line can be protected from large impact forces during stormy winds. This has the advantage that it can be avoided. In addition, since the structure as a whole has a simple shape,
Effects such as reduced construction costs and extremely high practicality can be obtained.
第1図はこの発明の消波装置全体を示す断面図、第2図
は同じく消波装置のポンツーンを示す平面図、第3図(
a)、(b)ばばね装置の概略断面図、第4図はこの発
明の消波装置の挙動を示す説明図、第5図はこの発明の
消波装置による消波作用を示す説明図、第6図はこの発
明および従来の消波装置の透過率−波長特性図、第7図
(a)。
(b)はこの発明および従来の消波装置における係留索
に作用する張力特性図、第8図は消波装置の他の実施例
を示す断面図、第9図は第8図におけるポンツーンを示
す平面図である。
1・・ポンツーン、2・・鉛直開口、3・・ばね装置、
4・・係留索、6・・水面、7・・海底。
第
図
ポンツーン
鉛直開口
はね装置
f″′ 第2
図
6 水面
7 海底
第611
B/L
(b)
第7図
第8図
第9図FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire wave-dissipating device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the pontoon of the wave-dissipating device, and FIG.
a), (b) A schematic sectional view of the spring device, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the behavior of the wave dissipating device of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the wave dissipating action by the wave dissipating device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a transmittance-wavelength characteristic diagram of the present invention and a conventional wave canceling device, and FIG. 7(a). (b) is a tension characteristic diagram acting on the mooring cable in the present invention and the conventional wave-dissipating device, FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the wave-dissipating device, and FIG. 9 shows the pontoon in FIG. 8. FIG. 1. Pontoon, 2. Vertical opening, 3. Spring device,
4. Mooring rope, 6. Water surface, 7. Seabed. Figure Pontoon vertical opening splash device f''' 2 Figure 6 Water surface 7 Seabed No. 611 B/L (b) Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9
Claims (1)
定の水面下に位置させるように、複数本の係留索によっ
て海底に係留し、上記係留索の途中にばね装置を介装し
た消波装置。 2)水圧の変化により膨張、収縮するように膜の内部に
適量の空気を入れた複数の潜袋をポンツーンに設け、上
記各潜袋を連通路によって連結したことを特徴とする請
求項1記載の消波装置。[Claims] 1) A pontoon that is impermeable or has a plurality of vertical openings is moored to the seabed by a plurality of mooring lines so as to be located below a predetermined water surface, and a spring device is interposed between the mooring lines. equipped wave dissipating device. 2) The pontoon is provided with a plurality of submersible bags each containing an appropriate amount of air so as to expand and contract in response to changes in water pressure, and each of the submersible bags are connected by a communication path. wave dissipating device.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63322040A JP2639577B2 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Wave absorber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63322040A JP2639577B2 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Wave absorber |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH02167910A true JPH02167910A (en) | 1990-06-28 |
JP2639577B2 JP2639577B2 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
Family
ID=18139250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP63322040A Expired - Lifetime JP2639577B2 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Wave absorber |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2639577B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006177141A (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-07-06 | Monegasque Gouvernement | Improvement of wave-dissipating device of so-called camel's back type |
CN110172950A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Month pool choked flow wave absorption protective device and system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55163299U (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1980-11-22 | ||
JPS62111006A (en) * | 1985-06-08 | 1987-05-22 | Takeshi Ijima | Breakwater device |
-
1988
- 1988-12-22 JP JP63322040A patent/JP2639577B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55163299U (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1980-11-22 | ||
JPS62111006A (en) * | 1985-06-08 | 1987-05-22 | Takeshi Ijima | Breakwater device |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006177141A (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-07-06 | Monegasque Gouvernement | Improvement of wave-dissipating device of so-called camel's back type |
CN110172950A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Month pool choked flow wave absorption protective device and system |
CN110172950B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-10-03 | 江苏科技大学 | Moon pool type choked flow wave-absorbing protection device and system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2639577B2 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
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