JPH0214B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0214B2 JPH0214B2 JP55044287A JP4428780A JPH0214B2 JP H0214 B2 JPH0214 B2 JP H0214B2 JP 55044287 A JP55044287 A JP 55044287A JP 4428780 A JP4428780 A JP 4428780A JP H0214 B2 JPH0214 B2 JP H0214B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- fatty acid
- fats
- fish
- oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 fatty acid monoglycerides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 8
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000004626 essential fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001098054 Pollachius pollachius Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004466 pelleted feed Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
本発明は養魚飼料の製造法に関する。さらに詳
しくは、主として飼料中の蛋白質の節約、飼料の
カロリー源等の目的で、沃素価35以下の脂肪酸モ
ノ及びジグリセライド又は脂肪酸モノグリセライ
ド30%重量%以上と、養殖魚貝類の必須脂肪酸と
してω3脂肪酸及び/又はそれを含む油脂とから
なる組成物を、飼料に対して5〜30重量%(以下
重量%は%と略す)添加してペレツト化すること
を特徴とする養魚飼料の製造法に関するものであ
る。
現在、養魚飼料へは、飼料のエネルギーを高
め、養魚の生産性を向上させるために、主として
魚肝油(精製スケトウダラ肝油)が3〜15%給餌
時に飼料に添加混合して使用されている。又、油
脂を飼料原料に予め加えペレツト化して使用する
場合は、主にペレツト加工を容易にさせる、光沢
を良くさせる、機械装置の損傷を防止させる等の
目的で、添加量も少なく、カロリー源としての目
的ではない。ペレツト飼料に対して、油脂の5%
以上の添加は、ペレツトが軟かく、粉化率が大と
なつて、油脂を飼料原料の一つとして大量に使用
する場合、使用上のテクノロジーが問題とされて
いる。
近年、200カイリ時代を迎え、養魚飼料の蛋白
源、特に魚粉の節約が要請されて、低蛋白高カロ
リー飼料の必要性が云われているので、カロリー
源となる原料を見直すことが必要である。
これらの問題を解消する試みとして、融点の異
なる硬化油脂を魚類に投与した結果、融点約40℃
以上では脂質の消化率が低く、特に飼育水温の低
い時、稚魚期の場合では消化率が著しく低下し
て、飼料のカロリー源としては問題であるとされ
ている(日水誌Vol45、No.12、1521(1979))。
融点40℃以下の硬化油脂では、クーリングスプ
レー等による粉未化は不可能で、飼料に大量添加
することは困難である。
本発明における、沃素価35以下の脂肪酸モノ及
びジグリセライド又は脂肪酸モノグリセライドを
30%以上とω3脂肪酸及び/又はそれを含む油脂
からなる組成物を飼料に対して5〜30%添加して
ペレツト加工することは極めて容易であり、そし
て本発明により製造された養魚飼料は成長効果も
優れていることが明らかになり、養魚飼料として
利用性の大きいことが判明した。かかる事実は公
知文献には何ら記載されていなく新規なものであ
る。
本発明に使用される沃素価35以下の脂肪酸モノ
及びジグリセライド又は脂肪酸モノグリセライド
の融点は約50〜70℃の乳化剤で、前記の硬化油脂
に比して融点が高くとも、養殖魚類の消化率は高
く、粉末化するには例えばクーリングスプレー等
により安価に製造できる。
また飼料に添加してもペレツト化は容易で、し
かもその添加量を30%まで高めることができる。
本発明に使用される沃素価35以下の脂肪酸モノ
及びジグリセライド又は脂肪酸モノグリセライド
は沃素価が35以上になると融点が低くなり、粉末
化が困難になると同時に、ペレツトへの添加量が
低下する。脂肪酸モノ及びジグリセライド又は脂
肪酸モノグリセライドはモノエステル含量の高い
蒸留脂肪酸モノグリセライドでも、ジグリセライ
ドを含む反応モノジグリセライドでも良い。脂肪
酸モノ及びジグリセライド又は脂肪酸モノグリセ
ライドの量はω3脂肪酸及び/又はそれを含む油
脂との組成物中30%以上である。30%以下ではペ
レツト化が困難になり、ペレツトへの添加量が低
下する。
また脂肪酸は脂肪酸モノ及びジグリセライド又
は脂肪酸モノグリセライドの沃素価が35以下にな
るような範囲のものであればどのような脂肪酸、
油脂を使用してグリセリンとのエステル化法又は
エステル交換法で製造してもよい。
一方養殖魚貝類の必須脂肪酸要求を満足するた
めにはω3脂肪酸が飼料中に0.5%以上必要とされ
ている。
本発明における組成物中にもω3脂肪酸が1.5%
以上、又はその相当量を含む油脂が含まれている
ことが望ましい。ω3脂肪酸では、炭素数が20以
上で不飽和結合がω3位置にある不飽和脂肪酸が
必須脂肪酸としての力価も高く、油脂では魚油、
魚肝油に多く含まれる。
通常魚油や魚肝油中には約20%のω3脂肪酸を
含有しているので、本発明組成物中にω3脂肪酸
として1.5%以上含まれるように配合すれば良い。
本発明におけるかかる組成物は、低蛋白高カロリ
ー飼料のカロリー源として極めて有効であり、利
用性の大きいことが判明した。
以下本発明を実施例で説明する。
実施例 1
カゼイン40%、ビタミン混合物2%、ミネラル
混合物4%、α−澱粉、セルローズ末34%からな
る基本飼料に表1の試験区1〜5の精製スケソウ
タラ肝油(商品名、理研フイードオイルΩ)、脂
肪酸モノグリセライド、脂肪酸モノ及びジグリセ
ライドの単独ないし組成物を試験区1が5%、試
験区2〜5が20%添加して製造したペレツト飼料
でコイ5.8gを各区35尾で7週間飼育した。その
結果は第1表に示す通りである。
なお試験区2ではペレツト化する時に全量油脂
を添加出来なかつたので、一部ペレツトに後から
含浸添加した。
The present invention relates to a method for producing fish feed. More specifically, fatty acid mono- and di-glycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides with an iodine value of 35 or less, or fatty acid monoglycerides of 30% or more by weight, are mainly used to save protein in feed and as a calorie source for feed, and omega-3 fatty acids and fatty acids are essential fatty acids for farmed fish and shellfish. This relates to a method for producing fish feed, which comprises adding 5 to 30% by weight (hereinafter weight % is abbreviated as %) of a composition consisting of fats and oils containing the same to the feed and pelletizing the mixture. be. Currently, fish liver oil (refined pollack liver oil) is mainly used in fish feed by adding 3 to 15% to the feed in order to increase the energy of the feed and improve the productivity of fish farming. In addition, when fats and oils are added to the feed ingredients in advance and made into pellets, the main purposes are to facilitate pellet processing, improve gloss, and prevent damage to machinery, and the amount added is small and the pellets are a source of calories. It is not the purpose of 5% of oil and fat for pelleted feed
The above-mentioned additions pose technical problems when the pellets are soft and the pulverization rate is high, and when fats and oils are used in large quantities as one of the feed ingredients. In recent years, with the arrival of the 200 nautical mile era, there is a need to save protein sources in fish feed, especially fishmeal, and there is a need for low-protein, high-calorie feeds, so it is necessary to review the raw materials that serve as calorie sources. . In an attempt to solve these problems, we administered hydrogenated oils and fats with different melting points to fish, and found that the melting point was approximately 40°C.
In the above, the digestibility of lipids is low, especially when the rearing water temperature is low, and in the fry stage, the digestibility decreases significantly, which is considered to be a problem as a calorie source for feed (Nissui Shishi Vol. 45, No. 12, 1521 (1979)). Hydrogenated fats and oils with a melting point of 40°C or less cannot be turned into powder by cooling spray, etc., and it is difficult to add them to feed in large quantities. In the present invention, fatty acid mono- and diglycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides with an iodine value of 35 or less
It is extremely easy to add 5 to 30% of a composition consisting of 30% or more and omega-3 fatty acids and/or fats and oils containing them to feed and process them into pellets, and the fish feed produced according to the present invention improves growth. It became clear that it was highly effective and could be used as fish feed. This fact is new as it is not described in any known literature. The melting point of fatty acid mono- and diglycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides with an iodine value of 35 or less used in the present invention is an emulsifier with a melting point of approximately 50 to 70°C, and even though the melting point is higher than that of the hydrogenated fats and oils described above, the digestibility of farmed fish is high. , it can be manufactured at low cost by, for example, cooling spray. Furthermore, even when added to feed, it can be easily made into pellets, and the amount added can be increased up to 30%. When the iodine value of fatty acid mono- and diglycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides used in the present invention is 35 or more, the melting point becomes low, making it difficult to powder them and at the same time reducing the amount added to pellets. The fatty acid mono- and diglycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides may be distilled fatty acid monoglycerides with a high monoester content or reactive mono-diglycerides containing diglycerides. The amount of fatty acid mono- and diglycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides is 30% or more in the composition with omega-3 fatty acids and/or fats and oils containing them. If it is less than 30%, pelletizing becomes difficult and the amount added to pellets decreases. In addition, any fatty acid can be used as long as the iodine value of fatty acid mono- and diglyceride or fatty acid monoglyceride is 35 or less.
It may also be produced by esterification or transesterification with glycerin using fats and oils. On the other hand, in order to satisfy the essential fatty acid requirements of farmed fish and shellfish, 0.5% or more of omega-3 fatty acids is required in the feed. The composition of the present invention also contains 1.5% ω3 fatty acids.
It is desirable that oils and fats containing the above or equivalent amounts are contained. Among ω3 fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids with 20 or more carbon atoms and an unsaturated bond in the ω3 position have high potency as essential fatty acids, and among oils and fats, fish oil,
Contains a lot of fish liver oil. Since fish oil and fish liver oil usually contain about 20% of ω3 fatty acids, the composition of the present invention may contain 1.5% or more of ω3 fatty acids.
It has been found that the composition of the present invention is extremely effective as a calorie source for low-protein, high-calorie feed, and has great utility. The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. Example 1 Purified Alaskan cod liver oil (trade name, Riken Feed Oil Ω) from Test Groups 1 to 5 in Table 1 was added to a basic feed consisting of 40% casein, 2% vitamin mixture, 4% mineral mixture, α-starch, and 34% cellulose powder. 5.8 g of carp, 35 carp in each group, were raised for 7 weeks on pellet feed prepared by adding 5% of test group 1 and 20% of test groups 2 to 5 of fatty acid monoglyceride, fatty acid monoglyceride, and fatty acid mono- and diglyceride alone or as a composition. The results are shown in Table 1. In Test Group 2, it was not possible to add the entire amount of oil and fat during pelletization, so a portion of the oil was added to the pellets by impregnation.
【表】【table】
【表】
各区同量の蛋白質(カゼイン40%)のもとで、
試験区1はカロリー源不足で成績が最も劣るが、
本発明試験区の3、4、5区は試験区2の対照区
と比べて成績に遜色がなく、組成物がカロリー源
として有効に利用され、本発明による養魚飼料の
成長効果が優れていることが判明した。特に対照
区の2区はペレツト化する時に油脂を一時に加え
ることが出来ないのに対して、本発明の3、4、
5区はペレツト化の時に全部油脂、脂肪酸モノ及
びジグリセライド又は脂肪酸モノグリセライドを
加えることが出来る利点を有する。
実施例 2
沃素価10(融点56℃)の脂肪酸モノグリセライ
ド11%とフイードオイル(精製タラ肝油)4%
を、魚粉33%、小麦粉24%、植物性油かす12%、
そうこう類10%、ビタミン、ミネラル、その他6
%と共に添加したペレツト飼料の製造加工は極め
て容易であつた。この実用飼料にてコイ180gを
各区50尾、90日間飼育した結果は第2表の通りで
あつた。
なお対照区はペレツト化する時に全量油脂を添
加出来なかつたので、4%はペレツト化の時に、
11%は給餌時に含浸添加した。[Table] With the same amount of protein (40% casein) in each group,
Test group 1 had the poorest performance due to lack of calorie source,
Test plots 3, 4, and 5 of the present invention showed no inferiority in performance compared to the control plot of test plot 2, indicating that the composition was effectively used as a calorie source and the growth effect of the fish feed of the present invention was excellent. It has been found. In particular, in the control group 2, oils and fats could not be added at once during pelletization, whereas in the present invention, 3, 4,
Section 5 has the advantage that all fats and oils, fatty acid mono- and diglycerides, or fatty acid monoglycerides can be added during pelletization. Example 2 11% fatty acid monoglyceride with iodine value 10 (melting point 56°C) and 4% feed oil (refined cod liver oil)
, 33% fishmeal, 24% wheat flour, 12% vegetable oil cake,
10% minerals, vitamins, minerals, and 6 others
It was extremely easy to manufacture and process the pellet feed added with %. Table 2 shows the results of rearing 180 g of carp, 50 carp in each group, for 90 days using this practical feed. In addition, in the control group, it was not possible to add the entire amount of oil and fat during pelletization, so 4% was added during pelletization.
11% was added as an impregnator during feeding.
【表】
この結果本発明区は対照区と比べて成績に遜色
がなく、成長効果の優れた実用飼料(低蛋白高カ
ロリー飼料)であることが判明した。特に対照区
はペレツト化する時に油脂を一時に加えることが
出来ないのに対して本発明では一時に加えてペレ
ツト化出来る利点を有する。[Table] As a result, the results of the plot of the present invention were comparable to those of the control plot, and it was found to be a practical feed (low-protein, high-calorie feed) with excellent growth effects. Particularly, in contrast to the control group in which fats and oils cannot be added all at once when pelletizing, the present invention has the advantage that it can be added at once and pelletized.
Claims (1)
ド又は脂肪酸モノグリセライド30重量%以上と
ω3(オメガ3)脂肪酸及び/又はそれを含む油脂
からなる組成物を飼料に対して5〜30重量%添加
してペレツト化することを特徴とする養魚飼料の
製造法。1 Add 5 to 30% by weight of a composition consisting of fatty acid mono- and di-glycerides or fatty acid monoglycerides with an iodine value of 35 or less, or 30% by weight or more of fatty acid monoglycerides, and omega-3 (omega-3) fatty acids and/or fats and oils containing them to the feed and pelletize it. A method for producing fish feed, characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4428780A JPS56140859A (en) | 1980-04-04 | 1980-04-04 | Preparation of feed for breeding fish |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4428780A JPS56140859A (en) | 1980-04-04 | 1980-04-04 | Preparation of feed for breeding fish |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS56140859A JPS56140859A (en) | 1981-11-04 |
JPH0214B2 true JPH0214B2 (en) | 1990-01-05 |
Family
ID=12687283
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP4428780A Granted JPS56140859A (en) | 1980-04-04 | 1980-04-04 | Preparation of feed for breeding fish |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56140859A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60143753D1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2011-02-10 | Kao Corp | OIL / GREASE COMPOSITION |
JP2005278593A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-13 | Nippon Formula Feed Mfg Co Ltd | Feed for yellowtail and method for improving meat color of yellowtail |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5151492A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-05-07 | Sanraku Ocean Co | Omega 3 kodofuhowashibosano tenkashita kaisangyoyoshiryono seizoho |
-
1980
- 1980-04-04 JP JP4428780A patent/JPS56140859A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5151492A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-05-07 | Sanraku Ocean Co | Omega 3 kodofuhowashibosano tenkashita kaisangyoyoshiryono seizoho |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS56140859A (en) | 1981-11-04 |
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