JPH0214107B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of the Invention) The present invention relates to a novel system for spraying a concentrated liquid at room temperature using a single-fluid nozzle in a greenhouse or the like.

(Prior art) In general, when cultivating flowers, vegetables, and fruit trees in greenhouses and greenhouses, controlling pests and diseases using chemicals is indispensable for stable production. In these closed rooms, crops are generally more susceptible to pests and diseases due to the high temperature and humidity, so pesticides are sprayed more often than in outdoor cultivation.

However, with conventional spraying methods using conventional power sprayers, workability deteriorates as the indoor area increases, the number of sprays increases, and crops grow thicker, and worker safety becomes a problem. A problem has arisen. As a countermeasure to this problem, new room-temperature fogging machines are being put into practical use that allow workers to perform spraying work without having to enter greenhouses or greenhouses.

This type of conventional room-temperature atomizer is characterized by the fact that the chemicals used in conventional power atomizers are not diluted much, but are turned into ultra-fine particles like smoke as a concentrated liquid, and dispersed in small amounts. In order to atomize the chemical solution without exposing it to high temperatures and altering its quality, a two-fluid nozzle that works with compressed air is generally used. Its basic structure consists of an air compressor, an engine or motor, a two-fluid nozzle, a chemical tank, and a blower.
Due to the action of compressed air, the chemical liquid that passes through the nozzle turns into a mist with an average particle size of 10 to 30 microns, which is forcibly ejected over a long distance by the blower and diffused into the room.

However, the spread of this room-temperature atomizer has been slow. There are a few reasons for this, the most important of which is the problem of clogging and abrasion of the nozzle, which are common in two-fluid nozzles. Pesticides include insecticides and fungicides, but the latter generally contain a small amount of solid powder to maintain their efficacy, which causes problems. Once spraying is stopped, as the liquid in the chemical solution remaining in the nozzle evaporates, the solid powder begins to stick, and the minute nozzle orifice is easily blocked by the dried solid matter. In the case of a two-fluid nozzle, the compressed air generally acts perpendicularly to the liquid jet orifice to shear it, so it is highly unlikely that the compressed air will re-open the nozzle once it has been blocked.

In addition, since the solid powder passes through the nozzle at high speed,
Rapid abrasion occurs in the tiny nozzle and its surrounding areas, leading to rapid deterioration of nozzle performance and enlarging spray particles, causing phytotoxicity to crops. In addition, all of the current room-temperature fogging machines use a blower to forcefully spray over long distances, either from the ground or from a low stand diagonally upward, but as crops grow and grow thicker, it becomes difficult to spread the spray evenly throughout the room. It is often difficult to take countermeasures such as using vinyl ducts.

(Purpose of the Invention) By adopting these two-fluid nozzles, this invention solves at once the many difficulties that cannot be avoided with current room-temperature atomizers, and enables unattended unattended use of concentrated liquid at room temperature in greenhouses and greenhouse cultivation farmers. The aim is to enable effective spraying.

Now, it is generally well understood that in order to achieve this objective, it is sufficient to eliminate the current two-fluid nozzle driven by compressed air and adopt a single-fluid nozzle that is driven only by a medium-high pressure pump. It was hot in the middle of nowhere. Even if a nozzle nozzle is once clogged, it will be easily recirculated by the pressurized chemical solution and will resume spraying, and even if the nozzle is slightly worn out, the particle size will rapidly increase as in a two-fluid nozzle. and,
It is unlikely that this will cause serious problems such as chemical damage to crops. However, existing single-fluid nozzles have an average particle size of 10 to 10, which is sufficient to use concentrated liquids for unattended pest control based on their structural theory.
Since it is well known that it is impossible to generate fine powder of 30 microns, two-fluid nozzles have been sought as a solution, and as a result, the above-mentioned difficulties have been encountered.

In this invention, we have identified this blind spot and have taken the major premise of daring to adopt a one-fluid nozzle, devised a means to solve the above-mentioned difficulties associated with this, and thereby overcome the difficulties that cannot be solved with a two-fluid nozzle. The present invention aims to solve this problem and provide a practical concentrated liquid unmanned pest control method and a concrete spraying liquid dispersion system.

(Structure of the Invention) That is, the spray liquid dispersion system for greenhouses, greenhouses, etc. according to the present invention includes at least one single fluid nozzle that sprays the inflowing pressure fluid as fine particles, and a liquid spray system in front of the single fluid nozzle. a trap member located at a certain distance from the solid fluid nozzle to capture only coarse particles with a large diameter among the fine particles sprayed from the single fluid nozzle; and a trap member located at a certain distance behind the solid fluid nozzle and sprayed from the single fluid nozzle. a blower device that generates a flow of wind that causes all the fine particles to be blown further forward; a means for adjusting the air volume of the blower device; and the fluid nozzle, trap member, and blower device arranged at a constant distance from each other. An inlet including a frame member fixed at a spraying location, a liquid tank for storing a large amount of liquid to be sprayed by the single-fluid nozzle, and a high-pressure pump and an on-off valve for continuously flowing the liquid from the liquid tank into the single-fluid nozzle. circuit, and a recovery circuit for returning the coarse particle liquid captured by the trap member to the liquid tank, and the fine particle liquid is sprayed by at least one monofluid nozzle fixed above the spraying area by the frame member. The large-diameter coarse particles are captured and collected, and only the fine particles are dispersed almost uniformly throughout the room using an air blower.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, an ejector for absorbing air is provided in the inflow circuit to mix gas into the pressure fluid sent to the single fluid nozzle, while a branch pipe branching from the inflow circuit By returning a portion of the pressure fluid to the liquid tank via an on-off valve provided for It will become.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings will be described in detail.

Fig. 1 shows the case where the spray liquid dispersion system according to the present invention is installed in a plastic greenhouse H, which consists of an indoor installation part M provided inside the greenhouse H and an outdoor installation part N provided outdoors, and the two are connected. connected by means. Figure 2 shows a plan view of the spray liquid dispersion system installed in a greenhouse H, with a pair of indoor installation parts located at the center of both sides of the rectangle.
M ₁ and M ₂ are installed with their respective spraying directions facing oppositely, and the spray from the indoor installation parts M ₁ and M ₂ is approximately uniformly circulated throughout the entire indoor area of the greenhouse H as shown by the arrows. That's what I do.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the spray liquid dispersion system, in which the indoor installation part M is formed into a unit around the frame 10, and the outdoor installation part N is connected to the liquid tank 2.
It is set up around 1.

As shown in FIG. 4, the indoor installation unit M includes a blower 11, five monofluid nozzles 12,
It consists of five traps 13 and five adjustment members 14, and the outdoor installation part N consists of a high-pressure pump 22 connected to a liquid tank 21, an on-off valve 23, an ejector 24, and piping 25, 26, 27. In other words,
The indoor installation part M has five monofluid nozzles 1 arranged in parallel that spray inflowing pressure fluid as fine particles.
2, located at a certain distance in front of each of the single fluid nozzles 12, only large-diameter coarse particles among the fine particles sprayed from the single fluid nozzles 12 are captured by the inclined surface 15 and discharged from the opening 16. a trap 13, and a blower 11 that is located a certain distance behind the single-fluid nozzle 12 and includes a built-in fan and motor that generates a flow of air that causes all the fine particles sprayed from the single-fluid nozzle 12 to fly further forward. , means 14 for adjusting the air volume of the blower behind each fluid nozzle 12 , said fluid nozzle 12 and trap 1 .
3. It is composed of a frame member 10 for fixing the air blowers 11 at the spraying location H at fixed distances from each other. In addition, the outdoor installation part N is equipped with the above-mentioned fluid nozzle 1.
A liquid tank 21 that stores a large amount of the liquid to be sprayed in step 2.
Then, the liquid in the liquid tank 21 is transferred to each of the fluid nozzles 12.
An inflow pipe 25 system circuit including a high-pressure pump 22 that continuously flows into
A collection pipe 26 system circuit returns the coarse particle liquid captured in step 5 from the opening 16 to the liquid tank 21 via a collection pipe 26, and a first fluid is created by absorbing air from the outside inserted in the inflow pipe 25 system circuit. An ejector 24 that mixes gas into the pressure fluid sent to the nozzle 12, and an on-off valve 23 that branches off from the inflow pipe 25 system circuit and is located in the middle.
, and a circulation system 27 that returns part of the pressure fluid pumped by the high-pressure pump 22 to the liquid tank 21.

Each of the above components will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 to 15.

As shown in FIG. 5, each fluid nozzle 12 is provided in pairs with a corresponding trap 13. As shown in FIG. The one-fluid nozzle 12 has the structure shown in FIG.
It may also be as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11. FIG. 10 shows chip 1 of FIG.

Generally, among the solid fluid nozzles 12, the one that can stably generate the finest mist is a so-called hollow conical nozzle that has a donut-shaped hollow spray pattern. It has a minute nozzle of about 0.2 mm, as illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9. (Below this,
This poses practical and economic difficulties. ) In these micro-atomizing empty conical nozzles, as shown in FIG. The liquid flows into the swirling chamber 3 in a tangential manner from the swirling groove machined on the swirling groove 1, where it turns into a high-speed rotating flow, and is ejected as fine mist from the nozzle 5 due to centrifugal force. In order to close the swirl groove and the swirl chamber 3 from the rear in a watertight manner, the closer 2 is pressed against the back surface of the nozzle tip 1 by a spring 4. Also, Fig. 8 shows a similar nozzle in which the nozzle tip 1 and the closer 2 are brought into close contact with each other through an umbrella-shaped contact surface, and Fig. 9 shows a check valve 17 built into the strainer holder 7. This is a nozzle designed to prevent dripping.

In the present invention, a micro-atomizing empty conical nozzle has been specified from the viewpoint of fineness of spray particles and economical spray amount, but any other single-fluid nozzle that can compete with these can be used. It's okay.
For example, it may be a so-called pin nozzle shown in FIG. In the pin nozzle, a small straight rod-shaped flow ejected from a fine direct injection port 5 collides with the tip of a pin 18 to form an umbrella-shaped spray.

Now, if we use one of the above micro-atomizing empty conical nozzles (hereinafter simply referred to as nozzles) with a nozzle diameter of approximately 0.2 mm, and when we apply a liquid pressure of 13 Kg/cm ² to it and spray, it will be approximately 2.7 mm. Generates a fine mist of /hr.
This mist was collected by the immersion method at a release position 500 mm from the nozzle tip, and the number of particles (%) for each particle diameter (μ) was as shown in Fig. 13C.

In this distribution, the largest particle size among coarse particles is
It is distributed from 130 microns to 80 microns. As mentioned above, the presence of these coarse particles is the reason why single-fluid nozzles have not been able to be used for unmanned spraying at room temperature until now. If we can reduce these as much as possible,
In addition, in that case, if the amount of smoke is sufficient for practical use, it will be possible to adopt a single-fluid nozzle, and the above-mentioned drawbacks and difficulties associated with the use of current two-fluid nozzles will be solved at once. will be possible.

Therefore, we discovered a means to use a trap 13 as shown in Fig. 5 and allow the spray to pass through it, thereby trapping only the coarse particles on its inclined surface 15 and releasing only the desired fine particles forward. Ta. I tried making a U-shaped tube with the dimensions shown in the figure, but it does not necessarily have to match these dimensions, and
Various types of traps may be considered, as illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15. Figure 14 uses a fixed circular arc plate 13' as a trap, and Figure 15 uses a movable butterfly plate 1 as a trap.
This is a trap that allows readjustment using the 3".The U-shaped circular pipe trap 13
Compared to 3' and 13'', it is the easiest to process and has the lowest manufacturing cost, and is also the most reliable in terms of stable performance and accurate capture of coarse particles.
Furthermore, when a plurality of them are used together, they have the advantage of being easy to focus and can be assembled compactly.

Now, for a comparative study, trap 13 in Figure 5 was sprayed under the same conditions as the previous spraying, that is, the KB60063 nozzle was sprayed at a liquid pressure of 13 kg/ ^cm2 , and the same mist was applied at a position immediately downstream of the outlet of the U-shaped trap. Collected and looking at the number of particles (%) for each particle diameter (μ), the 13th
I got a diagram. The spray amount at this time was 0.23/hr.
This dramatically decreased to about one-tenth. However, the coarse particles disappeared, and several particles up to 85 microns were counted. Incidentally, for unattended pest control at room temperature, the maximum particle size is about 90 microns, which is the maximum size for one cup, and from today's experience, if it exceeds this size, it will fall directly on nearby crops and cause damage from the concentrated liquid. Are known. Therefore, it has been confirmed that by using such a trap 13, even a single fluid nozzle 12 can be effectively used. The optimum size and shape of this type of trap can be obtained by combining the dimensions of the trap, such as the diameter, the depth of the U-shape, and the lengths of the inlet and outlet holes, but according to the rules, This means that the more coarse particles are removed, the more rapidly the spray amount decreases, making it less practical.

If the amount of spray is small, the number of U-shaped tubes should be increased to obtain a sufficient total amount for use, but this is unfavorable from an economic point of view, and the number of U-shaped tubes or other traps should be increased. We want to reduce the amount of waste and secure the necessary amount of spray. For this purpose, as a method to further promote atomization by introducing minute bubbles into the liquid and utilizing the force of bursting when the spray is ejected, the 12th method
An ejector 24 as shown in the figure was prepared and inserted into the piping system. Its position was between the pump 22 and the return liquid branch pipe, as shown in FIG. As is well known, the ejector 24 sends liquid to the constriction part 29 from one side, while sucking air from the periphery to the opening of the constriction part 29 to mix gas and liquid. In addition, here, 23 is a return liquid volume adjustment opening/closing valve, 22 is a high pressure pump, 21 is a chemical tank, 25 is an inflow pipe to the spray diffusion unit, and 26
is a drain recovery pipe, and the spray pressure at which the liquid flows from the inflow pipe to the nozzle is determined by adjusting the opening/closing degree of the return liquid volume adjustment valve 23.

Now, in order to confirm the effectiveness of the ejector in advance, the ejector 24 was inserted into the inflow pipe system under the same conditions as for the previous spraying, and the KB60063 nozzle was heated at 13 kg/cm ^2.
Fig. 13 shows the number of particles (%) for each particle diameter (μ) by spraying with air mixed in at a hydraulic pressure of Become like Lee. In this state, the number of the largest particles, 85 microns, was reduced by half, but what was even more important was the fact that overall the coarse particles had become even finer. This is because it suggests that there is now room to further increase the amount of spray.

From the bar graphs of each particle size distribution obtained in the above three results, it was reconfirmed that the atomization was greatly improved by employing the U-shaped tube trap and the ejector.

However, for unmanned room-temperature smoke control machines, a minimum spray volume of about 2.5/hr is generally required, so we would like to increase the spray volume to 0.23/hr per U-tube as much as possible. . Fortunately, this invention requires a blower 11 as one of its components, and is used to fly the generated fine mist over a long distance and disperse it as evenly as possible within the greenhouse or greenhouse. Therefore, an attempt was made to introduce a portion of this tailwind into the inlet of the U-shaped tube to carry some of the fine particles of mist that would normally adhere to the tube's inner wall to the tube outlet, thereby increasing the amount of spray. Also in this case,
The maximum particles ejected from the U-shaped tube and the amount of spray vary depending on the wind speed and volume, and if an attempt is made to increase the amount of spray, there is inevitably a risk that coarse particles will be mixed in. Therefore, we created two disks as shown in Figure 6.
An air volume adjusting means 14 which can adjust the passage area by stacking and rotating the air flow rate means 14 is attached to the inlet of the U-shaped tube 13. The distance between the blower 11 and the inlet of the U-shaped tube 13 was temporarily set to 500 mm, and while measuring the maximum particle diameter at the outlet of the tube, the air volume was narrowed down using the air volume adjustment means 14, and the air speed was 9 m/sec. Adjustment means 1
When the opening area was approximately 680 mm ² in No. 4, we succeeded in obtaining a spray of 0.48/hr with a maximum particle size of 90 microns, which is the maximum usable limit. Note that if the air volume adjusting plate 14 is slightly deformed to give swirl to the air inside the tube, it would be possible to further increase the spray volume a little without changing the maximum particle diameter, but this was not done here.

Based on this success, we constructed a fine mist dispersion unit as shown in Figure 4. Here, 11 is a blower, 1
9 is a high-pressure liquid piping header, 20 is a hydraulic pressure gauge mounted downward, 14 is an air volume adjustment inlet plate, 16 is a drain inlet pipe, and the pipe end on the other side is connected to a hose to transfer the collected drain to a chemical liquid tank 21 It is starting to return to . No. 13 is a U-tube trap, and the prototype was equipped with five traps, achieving a jet flow rate of 0.48/hr x 5 = 2.4/hr, but depending on the usage conditions, the number of tubes could be increased vertically or horizontally, and it could be used as an electric fan. Just widen the distance between.

The overall configuration of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, in which a plurality of sets of fine mist generating type fluid fluid nozzles 12 and traps 13 of arbitrary shapes are bundled together, and a blower is installed behind them. 11, and is installed at an arbitrary height near the side edge of a greenhouse or greenhouse H. The nozzle header is connected to a high-pressure pump 22 that a general farmer already has for pest control and other purposes, and on the way, from the pump side to the fine mist spraying unit, a pressure gauge 28, an ejector 24,
A return pipe 27 is inserted to connect the suction port of the pump 22 and the return pipe end 27 to the liquid tank 21 . The coarse particles caught by the trap 13 become drain and are collected in the drain inlet pipe 16 and returned to the liquid tank 21 via a hose or piping 26.

In the system of the embodiment arranged as described above, the pressure of the high pressure pump 22 is increased to about 36 kg/cm ² , and while the return flow rate adjustment valve 23 is opened, the hydraulic pressure gauge 20 in front of the nozzle is about 13 kg/cm ² When the pressure is adjusted to show , the ejector 24 begins to suck air. At the same time, nozzle 12 starts spraying. The blower 11 also begins to operate. Among the pest control agents, hydrating agents produce precipitates, so the discharge port for the return liquid is set at an arbitrary position in the liquid tank, and agitation is performed using a liquid flow containing air bubbles. Then, as mentioned above, a fine mist of about 2.4/hr, containing particles of up to 90 microns, flies around the room on a tailwind and gradually falls from the large particles, but as shown in Figure 2, the mist on the opposite side If you attach another set of this unit to the side end in the opposite direction and drive them at the same time, the air in the room will move in a gentle rotational flow, and the fine particles will ride this wind and fly for a long time, crops will be protected as evenly as possible.

The number of fine mist spraying units is increased depending on the size of the greenhouse house H, and the set-up is set up so that rotating airflow inside the room can be carried out smoothly and pest control can be uniformly performed. FIG. 16 shows some examples.

When the system of the above embodiment is used, the following superior effects can be achieved compared to conventional devices.

(1) In the conventional two-fluid nozzle that uses compressed air, the unavoidable clogging of the nozzle has been improved to the point where it can be abandoned in practice.

(2) Regarding nozzle wear, since we adopted a single-fluid nozzle, we were able to use ceramic for the nozzle nozzle and swirling chamber, which significantly improved the problem.

(3) Since a powerful electric fan can be used to disperse the mist from a high place, even somewhat coarse particles of mist are atomized over the airborne range, which can be converted into an increase in the amount of spray. Since it is sprayed, it is expected that it will be less disturbed by the growth of crops and will be able to be sprayed evenly.

(4) Since it can be manufactured much more cheaply than conventional room-temperature fogging machines, it can be installed in greenhouses and other rooms in greenhouses, and can be used extremely easily and quickly at any time. On the other hand, conventional ones are expensive, and after being moved to an appropriate location within a room and driven there, they are left overnight to allow the chemical mist to subside because they do not inhale the fine mist of concentrated liquid floating in the air. Enter the room after waiting for the disinfection to occur, pull out the machine, and then begin pest control in the next room. It is normal for pests and diseases to appear suddenly and all at once, so if one machine is operated in such a long cycle of day and night, it is easy to miss the timing for important pest control, and the system is overloaded. Labor will also be forced.

(5) Although not mentioned in the above explanation, the shape of the air volume adjustment plate shown in Figure 6 has been slightly changed so that the opening area can be adjusted to a wide range, so that the air volume can be maximized when the opening is at its maximum. If you use water instead of a pesticide and spray a large amount of coarse particles, it will be very easy to cool mist in greenhouses where the leaf temperature needs to be lowered, such as in Western orchids. It can be used for both purposes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the general configuration of the spray liquid distribution system according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the outline of the system shown in Fig. 1 installed in a greenhouse, and Fig. 3 An explanatory diagram showing the general configuration of the system shown in the figure, Figure 4 is a perspective view of a part of Figure 3, Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a part of Figure 3, and Figure 6 is a part of Figure 3. 7A and B are front views and sectional views of the fluid nozzle used in the system of FIG. 3, FIGS. 8A and B, FIGS. 9A and B, and
Figures A and B are front views and cross-sectional views showing modifications of Figures 7 A and B, respectively; Figures 10 A and B are cross-sectional views and front views showing a nozzle chip used in the one-fluid nozzle of Figures 7 A and B. , FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a part of FIG.
Figure 3 A, B, and C are relationship diagrams of the particle diameter and particle number of each spray when the single-fluid nozzle is used alone, when the single-fluid nozzle and a trap are added, and when the single-fluid nozzle and a trap and ejector are added, respectively. FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a modification of FIG. 5, FIG. 16 A, and FIG.
B and C are modified examples of FIG. 2, respectively. 10...Frame, 11...Blower, 12...
Fluid nozzle, 13...trap, 14...adjusting means, 21...liquid tank, 22...pump, 23...
Valve, 24... Ejector, 25, 26, 27
……Piping.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. At least one fluid nozzle that sprays the inflowing pressure fluid as fine particles, and a fluid nozzle located at a certain distance in front of the fluid fluid nozzle that sprays the fine particles sprayed from the fluid fluid nozzle. a trap member that traps only coarse particles therein; and a blower device that is located a certain distance behind the single fluid nozzle and generates a flow of wind that causes all the fine particles sprayed from the single fluid nozzle to fly further forward. , means for adjusting the air volume of the air blower, the fluid nozzle, the trap member,
a frame member for positioning the air blowers at a spraying location at a fixed distance from each other, a liquid tank for storing a large amount of liquid to be sprayed by the single-fluid nozzle, and a liquid in the liquid tank continuously flowing into the single-fluid nozzle. A spray liquid dispersion system for greenhouses, etc., comprising an inflow circuit including a high-pressure pump and an on-off valve, and a recovery circuit that returns the coarse particle liquid captured by the trap member to the liquid tank. 2. In the system according to claim 1, an ejector for absorbing air is provided in the inflow circuit to mix gas into the pressure fluid sent to the fluid nozzle, while a branch pipe is opened in the inflow circuit and the ejector is passed through an on-off valve. A part of the pressure fluid is returned to the liquid tank to stir the liquid in the tank.