JPH02131765A - Breath oscillation generating device for artificial respiration device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To use a breath oscillation generating device even for an adult, to utilize high frequency breath oscillation and to enlarge the range of a person to which treatment can be executed by providing a rotary type switching valve to alternatively connect a breathing route to the exhausting port and sucking port of a blower. CONSTITUTION:The breathing route A of an artificial respiration device includes a common circuit 1, an air sucking circuit 2 and a breathing circuit 3. One edge of the common circuit 1 is connected to the mouth of a patient with air hermetically. A high frequency breath oscillation generating device B is connected to the breathing route A. The high frequency breath oscillation generating device B is equipped with a blower 11 as a pressure generating source and a rotary type switching valve 12. Positive pressure generated in an exhausting port 11a of the blower 11 and negative pressure generated in a sucking port 11b are alternatively applied to an oscillating circuit 13 by the switching valve 12. The oscillating circuit 13 is connected to the breathing route A near the respective connecting parts of the respective circuits 1, 2 and 3. Thus, the breathing route A, namely, the lungs H of the patient are forcedly breathed with a breathing number corresponding to the oscillating number of the oscillating circuit 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <<Industrial Application Field>> The present invention relates to a respiratory vibration generator in a respirator for applying high-frequency respiratory vibrations.

(Prior Art) In general, a ventilator has a breathing cycle similar to that of a healthy person, that is, about 15 to 20 breaths per minute.

-・Recently, clinically, the respiratory cycle is 10
~30112 It has now been demonstrated that very fast, i.e. 10 to 30 times per second, is extremely effective for certain lung diseases. In order to obtain such a fast breathing cycle, a respiratory vibration generator was developed in a ventilator. has been published and has already been put into practical use by the applicant.

In this device, a piston is reciprocated by a motor, and pressure vibrations generated by the reciprocating movement of the piston are applied to the respiratory system path of the respirator.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, with conventional pistons that use reciprocating motion, the inertia is extremely large, making it impossible to obtain sufficient breathing capacity. To explain this point in detail, an increase in the breathing volume means that the work required to vibrate it increases. In order to increase this amount of work, it is necessary to increase the amount of change in volume when the piston makes one reciprocation, and this requires increasing the cross-sectional area or stroke of the piston. However, the cross-sectional area or stroke of the piston is
Increasing the size to match the breathing capacity required for adults would mean that the inertia of the piston would be extremely large.
It's impossible. For this reason, it is currently only used for infants and children with small lung capacity.
There is a strong desire for the practical application of this method, which can also be applied to adults whose lung capacity increases.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a respiratory vibration generator for a respirator that can be used even when the respiratory volume is large. (Means and operations for solving the problems) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention has the following configuration. That is, in a respiratory vibration generator for a ventilator that is connected to a respiratory system path of a ventilator and provides high-frequency respiratory vibrations, there is the following: a blower as a pressure generation source; and between the blower and the respiratory system path. A rotary switching valve is connected to the blower and alternately connects the respiratory system path to the discharge port and the suction port of the blower.

In the present invention configured as described above, basically,
Since a blower, that is, a pressure generating machine that generates pressure through rotation, is used as the pressure generation source, it is possible to secure sufficient capacity, that is, a large amount of work for the respiratory system passages, without being constrained by inertia associated with reciprocating motion. Become. Of course, the blower may be of any suitable type, such as a centrifugal type or an axial flow type. In addition, the positive pressure at the discharge port and the negative pressure at the suction port generated by the operation of this blower are alternately applied to the respiratory system path by the switching valve, and the alternating action of the positive pressure and negative pressure causes respiratory vibration. becomes. Since the switching valve is of a rotary type, it can withstand long-term use even in high-speed operation that produces high-frequency breathing vibrations of 10 to 30 Hz. That is, one of the switching valves
Considering the case where the positive pressure supply and negative pressure supply are switched only once per revolution, the switching valve only needs to rotate 30 times per second (1800 times per minute) to obtain a respiratory vibration of 30Hz. In the case of rotary valves, this rotational speed is well within the normal allowable rotational speed range.

By the way, if switching is performed using an electromagnetic on/off valve, it is virtually impossible to use it in terms of durability, at least at present. (Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below based on the attached drawings.

In FIG. 1, a respiratory system path A of the respirator includes a common circuit 1, an inspiratory circuit 2, and an expiratory circuit 3. One end of the common circuit 1 is airtightly connected to the patient's mouth, and an inhalation circuit 2 and an exhalation circuit 3 are connected to the other end of the common circuit 1. The intake circuit 2 is connected to an air tank 4 storing clean air to be supplied to the patient, and a known air flow meter 5 is installed along the way.
and a humidifier 6 are connected. The exhalation circuit 3 is open to the atmosphere, and the degree of opening is adjusted by an electromagnetic opening adjustment valve 7. A high frequency respiratory vibration generator B is connected to the respiratory system path A. Basically, the high frequency respiratory vibration generator B is as follows:
It is equipped with a blower 11 as a pressure generation source and a rotary type switching valve l2. The positive pressure generated at the discharge port 11a of the blower 1l and the negative pressure generated at the suction port 1lb are alternately applied to the vibration circuit 13 by the switching valve l2. This vibration circuit 13 includes each of the circuits 1 and 2.
, 3 are connected to the respiratory system tract 8 near the connecting portions of the oscillator circuit 13, whereby the respiratory system tract A, that is, the patient's lungs H, is forced to breathe at a breathing rate corresponding to the frequency of vibration in the vibration circuit 13. Ru. In FIG. 1, 14 is a motor for driving the blower 11, and 15 is a motor for driving the switching valve 12. The switching valve l2 is configured as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, for example. First, the case 2l of the switching valve 12 includes a main body case part 2lΔ having a cylindrical communication space X with both ends open, and a pair of left and right flange case parts 21B and 2IC that close each end of the main body case part 2+A. and an upper case 21D located on the main body case part 2lA, and these case parts are integrated by screws 22. In such a case 2l, a positive pressure boat P1, a negative pressure port P2, a pressurized boat P3, and an atmosphere release boat P4 are formed so as to open into the communication space X in the main body case portion 21A. The positive pressure boat PI is connected to the discharge port IIa of the blower 11, the negative pressure boat P2 is connected to the suction port 1lb of the blower I1, and the pressurized boat P3 is connected to the vibration circuit 13. The arrangement of each boat is positive pressure boat PI and negative pressure boat P.
2 are located at each end in the axial direction of the switching valve 12 (rotating shaft 23 to be described later), and a pressurized boat P3 and an atmosphere release boat P4 are located between boats PI and P2.
Further, the positive pressure boat Pl, the negative pressure boat 1]2, and the atmosphere release boat P4 are each formed on the earthen wall of the case 21, while only the pressurized port P3 is formed on the bottom wall of the case 2l.

A rotary shaft 23 is rotatably supported by the left and right pair of flange case portions 21B and 210, and a rotor 25 is fixed to the rotary shaft 23 by a pin 24 so as to rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 23. The rotor 25 has a partition wall 25a having a circular cross section to define a positive pressure boat P1 and a negative pressure boat P2. More specifically, case 2
A communication space X within the space X is defined as a first divided space x1 on the left side with which the negative pressure boat P2 always communicates, and a second divided space x2 on the right side with which the positive pressure boat PI always communicates. The rotor 25 also has a pair of left and right valve bodies 25b and 25c extending from the outer peripheral edge of the partition wall 25a and spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 23. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pair of valve body portions are each formed into an arc shape extending approximately 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 23, and their phase relationship is 180 degrees apart. ing. That is, the pair of valve body parts 25b and 2
5c is set to have a symmetrical shape with the center of the rotation axis 23 as the center.

The switching valve 12 configured as described above has a rotary shaft 23
In other words, according to the rotation of the rotor 25, the positive pressure boat PI is alternately communicated with the pressurized boat P3 and the atmosphere release boat P4, while the negative pressure boat P2 is also communicated with the pressurized boat P3 and the atmosphere release boat P4. It is alternately communicated with boat P4. That is, the positive pressure boat 1)l has a valve body 2 as shown in FIG.
5c communicates with the atmosphere release boat P4 when the pressurized boat P3 is closed, and conversely, communicates with the pressurized boat P3 when the atmosphere release boat P4 is closed by the valve body portion 25c. Similarly, the negative pressure boat P2 has a valve rest part 25b.
When the pressurized boat P3 is closed, it is communicated with the atmosphere release boat P4, and conversely, as shown in FIG.
When the atmosphere release boat P4 is closed by 5b, it is communicated with the pressurized boat P3. By setting the above-mentioned phase relationship between the valve bodies 25b and 25c, the pressurized boat P3 (atmospheric release boat P4) is alternately communicated with the positive pressure boat PI and the negative pressure boat P2. become. Therefore, the state of the pressure change occurring in the pressurized boat P3 is as follows.
As shown in Fig. 6, the vibration frequency is in the range of about 5 to 40 II Z, preferably lO to 3
It is assumed to be 0 HZ.

The vibration circuit l3 has Mt order from the switching valve l2 side.
An electromagnetic variable diaphragm 31 and a regulating means 32 are connected. As shown in FIG. 5, the regulating means 32 is composed of a case 33 having a predetermined volume 1 and a movable diaphragm 34 disposed within the case 33 and having sufficient airtightness. case 33
The capacity is for preventing positive pressure or negative pressure exceeding a predetermined capacity from acting on the respiratory system path Δ, and for preventing the movable diaphragm 34 from expanding more than necessary. In addition, the movable diaphragm 34 connects the air in the respiratory system path Δ with the high-frequency vibration generator B.
This is to avoid direct contact with air from inside the case 33, and is arranged so as to extend into the case 33 in a bag-like manner so as to be as thin (light) as possible. More specifically, case 33 is
A movable diaphragm 34 is provided between both case parts 33A and 33B as a divided structure into a main body case part 33A and a lid case part 33B.
Both 33A and 33B are fixed with screws 35, with the opening edges of the two being sandwiched between them. Since the regulating means 32 is disposable for each patient, it is detachable from the vibration circuit 13, and therefore the case 33
A screw groove 33a for attaching and detaching is formed at each end of the cover.

Referring again to FIG. 1, U is a control unit constructed using a microcomputer. Signals from each sensor 4l, 42, 43 and signals from switches 44, 45, 46 are input to this control unit U. The sensor 41 is connected to the common circuit 1 to monitor the patient's actual breathing m.
It is a flow sensor that measures the flow. The sensors 42 and 43 are rotation sensors that detect the rotational state of the motor 14 for driving the blower 11 or the motor 15 for driving the switching valve 12. The switch 44 controls the respiratory rate (10
~30}IZ). The switch 45 is used to set the average pressure of high-frequency vibrations applied to the respiratory system (set steplessly in a range from atmospheric pressure to slightly higher than atmospheric pressure). The switch 46 is
This sets the respiratory volume for the patient. Further, from the control unit U, the motor 14. +5 (drive circuit)
In addition to being output to the electromagnetic valve 7, the variable diaphragm 31, and the alarm 47 consisting of a lamp, a buzzer, etc. Next, the control contents of the control unit U will be explained with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Note that in the following explanation, S indicates a step. First, the system starts when a start switch (not shown) is turned on, and the entire system is initialized at Sl. Next, the switching valve 12 (the motor 15) is started in S2, and then the blower 11 is started in S3.
The motor 14) is started. In this manner, by activating the switching valve 12 prior to activating the blower 1l, it is possible to prevent only positive pressure or negative pressure from acting on the respiratory system path A temporarily. Therefore, in order to more reliably prevent such a situation (2), the process in S3 may be started after a predetermined period of time (for example, 2 seconds) has elapsed after the process in S2.

After S3, signals from each sensor or switch are read in S4. After that, after confirming that the blower 11 and the switching valve 12 are definitely being rotated based on the output status of the sensors 42 and 43 (S4 and S5
(both determinations are YES), each control in steps 87 to S9 is performed so that the values correspond to the set states of the switches 44 to 46. That is, the rotation speed control of the switching valve l2 in S7 (corresponding to the switch 44, control of the breathing rate),
8 to control the opening of valve 7 (corresponding to switch 45 and control the average pressure). Control of the variable diaphragm 3l (corresponding to the switch 46, control of the respiratory volume and control of the amplitude shown in FIG. 6) is performed at S9. After S9, it is determined in SIO whether or not a stop switch (not shown) has been turned on, and if the determination is No, the processes from S4 onwards are repeated. When the determination of SIO is YES, the blower 1l is first stopped at Sll, and then the switching valve l2 is stopped at SI2. When the determination in S5 or S6 is No, it is assumed that an abnormality has occurred, and after activating the alarm device 47 in S13, the processing from Sl1 onwards is performed. FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention, and the same components as those in the previous embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanation thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, two blowers 11', a first blower l1-8 and a second blower I1-B, are used. The first blower l1-Δ is dedicated to supplying positive pressure (the suction port 1lb is always open to the atmosphere), and the second blower 11-B is dedicated to supplying negative pressure (the discharge port 11a
(is constantly released to the atmosphere).

In addition, although the switching valve +2' has the same case 2B and rotating shaft 23', the rotor has two rotors, the first rotor 25-8 and the second rotor 25-B. I try to use what I have. This first rotor 25
-A is used exclusively for positive pressure supply control, and the second rotor 25
-B is used exclusively for negative pressure supply control. That is, the rotor 25-A (25-8) has a cylindrical shape with a bottom. The outlet is always connected to the positive pressure boat PI (negative pressure boat P2). Then, the rotor 25-A (25-B
) A communication port 51-Δ(
51-B), and as the rotor 25-A (25-8) rotates, the communication port 51-A (51-8) connects to the atmosphere release boat P4-A formed in the case 2B. (P
4-B) and pressurized boat P3-Δ (P3-8). Of course, both pressurized boats P3-A and P3-B are ultimately connected to the vibration circuit l3, and both communication ports 51
-A and 51-B are formed 180 degrees apart in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 23'. The advantage of using two blowers as in this embodiment is that both the positive pressure and the negative pressure are sufficiently high at least immediately before the supply to the vibration circuit 13 starts. This means that the rise and fall of respiratory oscillations can be done extremely quickly. Here, it is also possible to provide the rotating shafts 23' of the rotors 25-A and 25-B separately and independently from each other, and drive them with separate motors. However, first,
The second rotors 25-8 and 25-B have a common rotating shaft 23', and as a result, a common driving motor (not shown in FIG. 7), so that the rotors 25-8 and 25 1B
It is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of a phase shift between the From a similar point of view, the first and second blowers! 1-
By sharing the drive shaft 52 between A and 11-B and, as a result, using the same drive motor l4, it is possible to reliably prevent a situation where only positive pressure or only negative pressure is applied to the vibration circuit l3. can.

FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the discharge port 11a and the suction port 1l of the blower l1 are
The average pressure (see FIG. 6) is adjusted by changing the degree of opening to the atmosphere.

First, in FIG. 9, the regulating valve 7 is connected to the blower 11.
l is provided. The regulating valve 7l includes a casing 72, and a first passage 53 and a second passage 54 formed in the casing 72. The first passage 53 has the first to
It has three third boats 53a, 53b, and 53c, and the first boat 53a is connected to the suction port 1. 1b. Further, the second boat 53b is opened to the atmosphere, and a valve body 55 (described later)
The distance between them is adjusted by Furthermore, the third boat 53
c is open to the atmosphere via the diaphragm 56.

The second passage 54 is connected to the first and second boats 5.
4a and 54b. The first boat 54a has the communication path 6
2 to the discharge port 11a of the blower 11. Further, the second boat 54b is opened to the atmosphere, and the degree of opening is adjusted by a valve rest 55. The valve body 55 has a disk shape, and a valve stem 55a integrated with the valve rest 55 is screwed into the casing 52.
Thereby, by manually operating and rotating the operating portion 55b formed on the valve stem 55a, the valve body 55 is displaced in the vertical direction in the figure. The second boat 53b of the first passage 53 faces the upper surface of the valve body 55, and the second boat 53b of the first passage 53 faces the upper surface of the valve body 55.
The second boat 54b of the passage faces the lower surface of the valve body 55. In the above configuration, as the valve rest 55 is displaced upward in the figure, the opening degree of the boat 53t) becomes smaller, while the opening degree of the boat 54b becomes larger. On the contrary, valve body 5
5 is displaced downward in the figure, the opening degree of the boat 53b increases, while the opening degree of the boat 54b decreases. As the opening degree of the boat 53b becomes smaller, the blower 1
1 increases the suction action of the switching valve 12 on the negative pressure boat P2. This will lower the average pressure shown in Figure 6 (lower the trough of the pulsation). boat 53b
This means that the opening degree of the boat 54b becomes smaller.
The opening becomes larger. When the opening degree of the boat 54b becomes larger, the action of the blower 11 to push air into the positive pressure boat PI of the switching valve 12 becomes weaker, thereby lowering the above-mentioned equal pressure (reducing the peak of pulsation). As mentioned above,
By displacing the valve body 55 upward in the figure, the average pressure is reduced. Of course, as is already clear from the explanation up to now, when the valve body 55 is displaced downward in the figure, the average pressure increases, contrary to the case described above. Note that due to the action of the throttle 56, the suction 011b of the blower 11
At least a minimum amount of atmospheric air will be sucked in from the air, resulting in a minimum average pressure slightly greater than atmospheric pressure.

Here, if the configuration is as shown in FIG. 9, it is also possible to eliminate the valve 7 shown in FIG. 1. However, this valve 7 is also provided, and the valve 7 is connected to the valve body 55 so as to reduce the difference in average pressure between the upstream side and the downstream side of the movable diaphragm 34 (see FIG. 5). It is preferable to link them. Although the embodiments have been described above, the discharge pressure (discharge volume ffi) of the blower may be variable (for example, the motor 14
(controlled by an inperter). Further, the variable diaphragm 3l may be provided in the circuit 13 on the downstream side of the regulating means 32 (on the breathing circuits 2 and 3 side). In this case, it is preferable not only to eliminate the need to disinfect the variable diaphragm 31 after each use, but also to improve the efficiency of transmitting the power of the blower l1 to the breathing circuits 2 and 3. Furthermore, the line between the suction port 1lb of the blower I1 and the bow P2 of the switching valve 12 may be communicated with the atmosphere via a variable throttle. In this case, adjust the opening of the variable diaphragm <<0~! 00%》, the average pressure of the boat P4 of the switching valve 12 (the pressure fluctuation of the boat P4 is pulsating as shown in Fig. 6) can be changed from atmospheric pressure to a larger positive pressure range. can be adjusted arbitrarily.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention can also be used for adults with a large respiratory capacity, and dramatically expands the range of people who can receive treatment using high-frequency respiratory vibration. can be increased.

It also has excellent durability and can withstand long-term use.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an example of a rotary type switching valve. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line X3-X3 in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line X4-X4 in FIG. 2. Figure 5 is a side sectional view showing details of the regulating means connected to the vibration circuit. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the state of respiratory vibration when the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control example of the present invention. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are main part system diagrams showing other embodiments of the present invention. Δ B ] I Circuit exhalation circuit 1: Blower 2: Switching valve 3: Vibration circuit 4: Motor (for blower) 5: Motor (for switching valve) 21: Case 23: Rotating shaft 25: Rotor 25a: Partition wall 25b: Valve body 25c : Valve body part 12' : Switching valve 2B : Case 23' Two rotation shafts 25' Two rotors 25-A: First rotor 25-B: Second rotor 51-A: Communication port 51-B: Communication Mouth M5 6th R Tsutou

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A respiratory vibration generator in a ventilator that is connected to a respiratory system path of the ventilator and provides high-frequency respiratory vibrations, including a blower as a pressure generation source, and between the blower and the respiratory system path. A respiratory vibration generator for a respirator, comprising: a rotary switching valve that is connected to the blower and alternately communicates the respiratory system path with the discharge port and the suction port of the blower.