JPH02125501A - Polaroter - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify the manufacture and handling by constituting a carrier wave extraction element provided in a waveguide at the input side from a plate conductor. CONSTITUTION:An element 10 extracting a carrier wave in a circular waveguide 1 is made of a fin or iron shaped plate conductor 10. A line conductor 31 prolonged backward is connected to the plate conductor 10. The line conductor 31 is penetrated though a small hole 3 penetrated through a termination wall of the circular waveguide 1 without being in contact onto a hole wall, projected over a length L6 in a square waveguide 2 to form a small antenna 6. The part of small hole 3 existing in the line conductor 31 and penetrated through the termination wall of the circular waveguide 1 forms a coaxial line 3 using the said line conductor 31 as an internal conductor 31 and the part and the part of the small antenna 6 projected in the square waveguide 2 finally form a well- known coaxial line to waveguide converter.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an improvement of a polar rotor that selects vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves.

[Prior art] CATV relay lines using communication satellites (abbreviation: CS) utilize linear polarization and are allocated 24 channels in the C band and 32 channels in the U band. The number channel transmits vertically polarized waves (hereinafter referred to as V polarized waves),
Even-numbered channels should use horizontal polarization (hereinafter referred to as H polarization). However, depending on the satellite, this relationship may be reversed.

In any case, on the receiving side, since the planes of polarization of the arriving waves differ in this way, it is necessary to prepare a circuit or a mechanical system to separate the two polarized waves. For example, such a polarization selection circuit or mechanism is required to be as simple and inexpensive as possible, and yet to have excellent basic selection functions.

However, conventional polarization separation means developed for this type of purpose include the following.

First, there is a polarization splitter (OMT) as a classic one.

This involves installing a circular waveguide at the throat of the horn that guides the incoming wave that is reflected by a parabolic reflector and focused on a part of the horn, generally configured as a conical horn.
Rectangular waveguides are provided in directions orthogonal to each other in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, and serve as branch ends exclusively for V-polarized waves and H-polarized waves, respectively.

In the following, the arriving wave will be referred to as a carrier wave in accordance with the practice of this type of wireless communication technology, but when using this OMT, a low-noise block-down converter (LNB) is connected to each branch end output of the rectangular waveguide. After connecting the LNB and dropping the carrier wave to an intermediate frequency, only the output of either LNB is selected via a switch and sent to the receiver.

On the other hand, as a device for switching between H polarization and V polarization while maintaining the carrier wave, a device using a ferrite material that rotates the plane of polarization by applying a DC magnetic field has been put into practical use.

Naturally, a device constructed according to this method has no mechanically moving parts.

On the other hand, on the contrary, there is a so-called polar rotor as a type of device that makes more active use of mechanically moving parts.

Since the present invention relates to an improvement of this polar rotor for reasons to be described later, an example of the structure of a conventional polar rotor will now be explained in some detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the basic structure of a polar rotor. A carrier wave enters from the left end side of the circular waveguide 1 whose right end is terminated in the figure. A rectangular waveguide 2 is connected to the outside of the end wall in a relationship perpendicular to the tube axis of the circular waveguide 1 so that the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 is used as a part of its own waveguide wall. The tube axis of the circular waveguide 1 and the center line of the long side of the rectangular waveguide 2 are orthogonal to each other.

Inside the circular waveguide i, there is a length L7 perpendicular to the tube axis.
A micro antenna 21 is erected, and one end of a feed line 22 with a length of 1% is connected to one end of the micro antenna 4 that rests on the tube axis in a relationship perpendicular to the micro antenna 4.
The other end passes through a small hole 3 made in the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 and extends into the rectangular waveguide 2 to form a micro antenna 6 having a length L6.

In order to be able to rotate the feed line 22 around its axis by external operation and change the rotational angle position as seen from the front of the micro antenna 4, the other side wall of the rectangular waveguide is connected to L! 1
A dielectric round rod 4 is inserted through the dielectric round rod 4, and this dielectric round rod 4 supports the micro antenna 6 extending into the rectangular waveguide in an embedded manner, and the insertion end of this round rod is inserted into the circular guide. The insulation distance between the inner wall surface of the small hole 3 and the feeder line 22 that penetrates the small hole 3, which penetrates into the small hole 3 made in the end wall of the wave tube or the side wall of the rectangular waveguide. Always maintain a constant value.

As is clear, in such a structure, the feeder line 2
Since the portion through which L'r passes through the small hole 3 constitutes the internal conductor of the coaxial line, hereinafter, the reference numeral 3 attached to the small hole will also be used to represent the coaxial line in this portion, as appropriate.

In the polar rotor shown in FIG. 4 configured as described above, first, the minute antenna 21 inside the circular waveguide 1 is connected to the circular waveguide! When placed at a rotational angle position parallel to the electric field of the V-polarized wave, the micro antenna 21 tunes to the signal and connects it to the rectangular waveguide via the feed line 22 and coaxial line 3. 2
The micro antenna 6 inside is excited. As a result, a TE wave is radiated from the micro antenna 6 within the rectangular waveguide 2.

From this rotation angle position, if the micro antenna 21 is rotated 90 degrees in either the left or right direction when viewed from the front, it will be possible to tune to the H polarization of the TE wave propagating within the circular waveguide 1. can. If the micro antenna 21 extracts this H polarized wave in this way, the rectangular waveguide 2
TE from the small antenna 6 inside. waves are emitted.

Of course, the rotation of the micro antenna 21 within the circular waveguide 1 can be achieved by rotating the dielectric rod 4 that mechanically supports the micro antenna 21.
Although this operation may be performed manually, it is generally remotely controlled using an electric signal by using an external motor 5 having a speed reduction system or other suitable drive system (not shown).

In any case, in such a polar rotor, by changing the rotation angle position of the micro antenna 21 in the five circular waveguide 1 as seen from the front between a first position and a second position at an angle of 90" to each other, , T E Convert the desired polarized wave among the V polarized wave and H polarized wave to T E , , wave and pass it through the rectangular waveguide 2.
This can be taken out to the output terminal of ``n-'' and sent to the LNB of ``n-''.

FIG. 5 shows a modification of the basic polar rotor configuration shown in FIG. 4, and the same reference numerals indicate the same components, but the feeder line 22 in the polar rotor shown in FIG. Now, two line sections 23 and 2 that are orthogonal to each other
4, and therefore the micro antenna 25 and these feed lines 23 and 24 have a crank shape as a whole.

Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows the connection between the feeder line 2 and the coaxial line 3
7 is lowered at an angle of 07 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, and a micro antenna 26 extends obliquely from its tip at an angle of 06 with respect to the feed line 27. Other parts are similar to the polar rotor shown in Figure 4.5 above.

[Lesson 2Il that the invention attempts to solve! ] Considering the above-mentioned conventional examples regarding selective extraction of V-polarized waves and H-polarized waves, the first OMT mentioned above tends to have a large structure, and also requires an LNB at each of a pair of branch ends. It is inferior in that it must be connected. For example, CAT
For stations that require only a small antenna system, such as V-relay line reception-only (TVRO) stations, the LNB accounts for a large portion of the total system price, so it makes no sense to use two of them. It is uneconomical.

Next, devices using ferrite materials that rotate the plane of polarization by applying a DC magnetic field are advantageous in that they are compact and do not require mechanical moving parts, but they have a characteristic of relatively high insertion loss. There is a problem. If the insertion loss is large, the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) in the receiving system will deteriorate, so the only way to compensate for this is to increase the size of the antenna, which is never a desirable result.

On the other hand, the polar rotors shown in Figures 4 to 6 have been in use for a long time and are quite complete devices. L
Only one NB is needed to connect to the output of the rectangular waveguide 2, and the discrimination characteristics between the l-polarized wave and the h-polarized wave are quite satisfactory.
There is one.

However, the biggest problem in the past has been the band characteristics.

To explain this, first, in the basic polar rotor configuration shown in FIG.

The length L8 of the feed line 22 is adjusted, and for matching on the rectangular waveguide 2 side, the length L6 of the micro antenna 6 and the distance d2 from the end wall of the rectangular waveguide are adjusted.

However, since the latter has the same configuration as a normal coaxial line-to-waveguide converter that converts the coaxial line 3 into the waveguide 2, it is easy to achieve relatively wide-band matching.

However, in the former case, the impedance of the micro antenna 21 is extremely high compared to the impedance of the coaxial line 3, so it is difficult to achieve wideband matching, and in reality, if the structure shown in Figure 4 is used, the band will be quite narrow. .

The conventional example shown in FIG. 5 is an attempt to improve this point.
,24 length, ,L,. and the length L of the micro antenna 25
If ll is adjusted to the optimum value around 0.125χg, and the distance d4 between the feeder line 23 and the circular waveguide side wall and the distance d3 between the feeder line 24 and the end wall of the circular waveguide are also adjusted appropriately, the so-called A two-step impedance converter is configured, and the high impedance micro antenna 25 and the low impedance coaxial line 3 can be matched over a relatively wide band.

The conventional example shown in FIG. 6 further seeks smoothness of impedance transformation, and uses so-called Taber transformation.

That is, the length L12 of the inclined micro antenna 26 is adjusted to the optimum value around 0.25χg, the length L13 of the feeder line 27 is adjusted to the optimum value around 0.125χg, and the inclination angle 07 of the feeder line 27 is adjusted to the optimum value. By also optimally adjusting the inclination angle 06 of the micro antenna 26, it is possible to match with the relatively low impedance coaxial line 3 over a fairly wide band.

In this way, if the configuration of the conventional example shown in FIG. 5 or the conventional example shown in FIG. Similarly, since there is no particular problem, the impedance matching between the high-impedance minute antennas 25 and 26 and the coaxial line 3 can be made over a fairly wide band as described above, and as a result, the polar rotor as a whole can theoretically handle a wide band. .

However, as a substitute for almost satisfying the electrical characteristics,
A new problem has emerged. This is because the micro antennas 25 and 26 are responsible for ensuring the excellent electrical characteristics as described above in the polar rotor shown in Figure 5.6.
This is a problem caused by the shape and dimensions of the "object" including the feeder line portions 23, 24, and 27 that follow.

For example, if such micro antennas 25, 26 or feed lines 23, 24, 27 are to be made from micro conductors with a circular cross section, their diameters are limited by the carrier frequency and are generally about 0. It must be about 0.019 χg.

Therefore, it is extremely difficult to make a conducting wire with such a fine diameter by flexible molding, and it is also difficult to maintain a predetermined shape after molding.

Especially for Ku band applications, the diameter is small and the length is short, so even if the curved surface can be formed well, it is easy to deform when assembling it into the waveguide, and even if it is I or L, it will deform. This will greatly affect the electrical characteristics, making it difficult to guarantee the homogeneity of the product during FTT production.

Furthermore, in view of electrical characteristics, it is not possible to obtain sufficient broadband characteristics.

Although it is true that the conventional example shown in Fig. 5.6 has a considerably wider band than the basic polar rotor shown in Fig. 4, the lengths of the minute antennas 25 and 26 'II 11
If 2 is set, the bandwidth of the tuning frequency is also limited, so it is not necessarily easy to achieve an ultra-wide band.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional situation, and is based on the configuration shown in FIG. It was created to overcome all the remaining drawbacks, and if necessary, it can easily be made into an ultra-wideband, so that it can handle frequency bands ranging from the CS band to the DBS band by itself. The purpose is to provide a polar rotor with a high quality.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention improves the part that has been a particular problem in the past in polar rotors, that is, the carrier extraction element in the input side waveguide. .

To put it simply, the conventional micro antenna used in the input waveguide is changed to a plate-shaped conductor with a specific configuration.

Also, the outline that determines the geometrical upper surface shape of this plate-shaped conductor (10) is determined by at least four straight lines: ■ two front edges, (0: back edge, ■ = front edge, ■: rear edge). The mechanical relationship between the edges is as follows.However, for the sake of understanding, the reference numerals given to the corresponding parts in the embodiments of the present invention to be described later are used for each component. Use parentheses.

First, ■: The surface edge (11) has a first angle (01) inclined with respect to the tube axis of the input side waveguide (1), and has a first length (L1). to have.

■: The back edge (12) connects one end to the front edge (11).
The inner J conductor ( 31), and 12, which is not perpendicular to the tube axis of the input waveguide (1), connects to the first (1 degree (02)) which is approximately perpendicular to the tube axis of the input waveguide (1).
) along the end wall, with a distance (d1) between the end wall and the end wall.

■ = Front edge (13) is 1- of -1- front edge (11)
Connect it to the end opposite to the end to which the distribution surface edge (12) is connected, and place it at an angle (θ1) of C2] with respect to the tube axis of the input waveguide (1). towards the other end, the second length (L3
).

■: The rear edge (14) is connected to the L-distribution til+ of the top edge (13) and the L-oriented part conductor (3) of the 1-distribution axis line (3).
1).

However, unless the length, angle, and connection relationships for three of the four edges are satisfied as described above, those parameters for the remaining edge will be automatically determined. Ru.

In other words, the four sets of lengths and angles l, +,
0+; Lz, 02; L+, 03; L4. If any three of θ4 are determined, the remaining one is also automatically determined.

Furthermore, in the present invention, another connecting edge is preferably provided at the connecting portion between the face edge (1, 1) and the back edge (12),
This is an arc-shaped connecting edge (I
5) or alternatively a straight connecting edge cut at a fifth angle (05) at or approximately 45° to the tube axis of the input waveguide (1). I also suggest.

[Function] In the present invention, the principle of operation of converting the coaxial line 3 is different from that of the conventional polar rotor explained with reference to FIGS.
Conventionally, as mentioned above, the resonance tuning principle of the micro antennas 21 , 25 , and 26 provided in the input waveguide 1 was used, whereas the mode conversion of the transmitted wave in the waveguide system was used. By principle.

In other words, if the electric field direction of the T
The E + + waves are focused between the surface edge 11 of the plate-shaped conductor and the inner wall of the circular waveguide 1 . This electric field is also
The TEM of the coaxial line 3 is sufficiently condensed at the distance d between the back edge 12 of the plate conductor 10 and the end wall of the circular waveguide 1.
Smoothly converted into waves.

If this happens, the configuration of the converter between the coaxial line 3 and the waveguide 2 on the output side can be the same as before, and the TE wave will be outputted as expected in the waveguide on the output side. Ru.

Of course, the optimal design range can be determined for the length and angle of each edge, and generally the input waveguide is configured as a circular waveguide and the output waveguide is configured as a rectangular waveguide. but,
The stiffness is not limited, and even if the input waveguide is a square waveguide that can transmit both V and H polarization independently, or the output waveguide is a circular waveguide. The above effects are satisfied.

In addition, the coaxial line internal conductor 31 connected to the plate-shaped conductor,
Further, the micro antenna 6 and the like at the tip thereof may have a circular cross section instead of a rectangular cross section punched out together with the plate conductor.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, but the components are the same as those in the conventional polar rotor described earlier with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. The same symbols and symbols will be used for parts that do not require any particular modification.

Also, in the embodiment of the present invention, the input waveguide 1 has a carrier wave input opening (not shown) in the left-hand direction in FIG.
Although, in principle, a square waveguide may be used, a circular waveguide is assumed, which is easy to manufacture and design, as in the conventional example described above.
The output waveguide 2 connected to the outside of the end wall via the coaxial line section 3 may also be a rectangular waveguide, although this is not limited in principle, considering the numerical ease of connection to the LNB. Assume that

However, in this embodiment shown in the first diagram, the element that clearly shows the features of the present invention is the element 10 located inside the circular waveguide l and extracting the carrier wave, which is i! ! It is composed of a plate-shaped conductor 10 in the shape of a fin or a trowel.

In accordance with the present invention, the planar shape of the plate-shaped conductor IO, the length and angle of each edge forming its outline, mutual connection relationship, etc. are determined as will be explained in detail later with reference to FIG. , First, once we have explained the overall configuration of the device, a line conductor 31 extending backward is connected to the plate-shaped conductor lO, and this line conductor 31 has a small hole passing through the end wall of the circular waveguide 1. After passing through the inside of the hole 3 without touching the hole wall, the micro antenna 6 is formed by protruding into the rectangular waveguide 2 over a length L6.

The part of the small hole 3 in the line conductor 31 that passes through the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 connects the line conductor 31 to the inner conductor 3! This part and the part of the micro antenna 6 protruding into the rectangular waveguide 2 constitute a well-known coaxial line-to-waveguide converter. In addition, the part of this coaxial line to waveguide converter may be exactly the same as the conventional example described above, and for impedance matching, the length L6 of the micro antenna, the micro antenna 6 and the rectangular waveguide are required. The distance d2 between the tube 2 and the end wall is adjusted.

However, in the case of the present invention, the carrier wave extraction element 10 is a plate-shaped conductor, and generally this can be formed most easily and with high precision by punching a thin conductor plate. It is best to form the line portions constituting the conductor 31 and the micro antenna 6 integrally during this punching process.

Naturally, in this case, the line conductor would have a rectangular cross section, whereas conventionally the line conductor would generally have a circular cross section.
Even in this case, impedance matching between the coaxial line portion 3 and the output waveguide 2 can be achieved over an extremely wide band, as in the conventional example.

In fact, for the present invention, it is not an essential matter how the line conductor 31 is connected to the plate member lO, and therefore, for example, a conductor line 3N made separately from a circular cross-section fine wire is connected to the plate member lO. Alternatively, by using a fine wire with a circular cross section as a starting material, the part beyond the part to be made into the line conductor 31 is stretched into a plate shape, and this plate-shaped part is Although it may be punched out into a predetermined shape, which will be described later, it is the cheapest, simplest, and most accurate method to punch out the line conductor 31 portion from a thin plate integrally with the plate member as described above.

A dielectric round rod 4 enters the rectangular waveguide 2 by penetrating the side wall opposite to the side wall of which the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 is a part. The round bar 4 fixedly embeds and supports a micro antenna 6, which is the tip of the line conductor 31, along its central axis. Therefore, when the dielectric round bar 4 serving as a lever is rotated, the micro antenna 6 is fixedly embedded. The circular four-wave tube 1 rotates around the tube axis, and the plate-shaped conductor 1O can also rotate around the tube axis of the circular waveguide 1 from the illustrated rotational angular position.

This rotational operation may be performed manually, but generally it can be performed by the electric motor 5 via a suitable drive system, as in the case of known and existing polar rotors of this type.

The dielectric round rod 4 also protrudes into the small hole constituting the coaxial line section 3 to ensure mechanical positioning of the inner conductor 31 and a uniform gap between the outer conductor, which is the inner wall of the small hole. It is useful for securing.

In any case, regarding the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 or the part on the right side from the coaxial line section 3 provided here,
The structure may be the same as that found in the various conventional examples already described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. Furthermore, even in the case of a rectangular waveguide 2 which is generally used as an output waveguide, a part of its side wall is usually integrally molded so that it also serves as part of the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 as shown in the figure. Although it is convenient to have a circular waveguide end wall, in some cases it may be made separately and assembled to the circular waveguide end wall. Of course, as mentioned above, the output end of this rectangular waveguide 2 is generally L
NB is connected.

Now, the plate-shaped conductor IO as a carrier wave extraction element newly proposed by the present invention basically has four mutually continuous edges II, as shown in FIG.
, +2, 13, 14, and preferably also a connecting edge 15 in a specific relationship between edge II and edge 12 is added.

To explain each edge while incorporating design numerical examples thereof, the front edge 11 shown at the lowest side in FIG. O3
and has a first length and has.

For example, if the internal wavelength of the center frequency of the frequency band used in the circular waveguide 1 is g, the plate J'X of the plate member 10 is
When t is 0.03:1χg, 1-mud surface edge 11
The inclination angle O3 is around 35° and its length.

The optimum values of g can be found around 0.31. If the length Ll is made longer, the low-frequency performance of the used frequency band will be improved, and if it is made shorter, the high-frequency performance will be compromised. If the length is the same, decreasing the inclination angle O1 improves the low frequency performance, and increasing it improves the high frequency performance.

In the figure, the lower end of this +1f side edge 11 has a back edge I2.
The bottom ends of are connected. However, in the case of the illustrated embodiment, the front edge 11 and the rear edge 12 are not connected directly but through a connecting edge 15 which is preferably provided. For convenience, this will be described later.

The back surface Ij12 is spaced d from the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 while forming a second angle 02 with respect to the tube axis of the circular waveguide 1, and has a second length L2. There is.

However, said second angle 02 may generally be 90°, i.e. parallel to the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 over its entire length, and said length l,2 is 0.06
8, the optimum value can be found around g. This length L
If 2 is made longer, the low frequency performance will be improved, and if it is made shorter, the high frequency performance will be improved.

The optimum distance d1 between the circular waveguide 1 and the end wall can be found around 0.025 kg, but the distance is adjusted depending on the insertion length of the directly connected micro antenna 6.

The front edge I3 constituting the tip of the plate-shaped conductor lO is the front edge 1
1, it extends by a third length L3 toward the other end while making a third angle 03 with respect to the tube axis of the circular waveguide 1. The inclination angle 03 of this front edge I3 is around 85°, and the length l, 3 is 0.02χg
The optimal value can be found in the vicinity. When the inclination angle 03 is increased, high frequency performance is improved, when it is decreased, low frequency performance is improved, and when the length L3 is increased, low frequency performance is improved, and when it is shortened, high frequency performance is improved.

The rear edge 14, which has one end connected to the upper end of the front edge 13 and the other end to the tip of the coaxial line internal conductor 31, has the dimensions as described above with respect to the curved edge II, the back edge 12, and the front edge l:). Once the angle is determined, an appropriate length 4 and an inclination angle 04 with respect to the circular waveguide tube axis are automatically determined. For example, in the example of the dimensions shown in FIG.

However, although the connecting portion between the front edge 11 and the front edge 12 may in principle have a knife edge shape, it is more preferable that they are connected by a connecting edge I5 having an appropriate shape. Smooth mode conversion is possible.

Particularly preferably, the connecting edge 15 is an arcuate edge with an appropriate radius, but even if the edge is cut into a straight line as shown in the first and second figures, there is no significant difference in characteristics. was found through experiment.

Therefore, for example, the inclination angle or cutting angle O of this connecting edge 15 is
6 is 45°, the other edge 11. +2.13.1
When the above-mentioned dimensions and angle values are given to 4, the length L5 is approximately 0.02χg.

In the case of this embodiment, the line conductor 31, which is assumed to be stamped and formed integrally with the plate-shaped conductor 10, serves both as an internal conductor of the coaxial line section 3 and as a micro antenna 6 protruding into the rectangular waveguide 2. However, the thickness is naturally equal to the thickness t of the plate-shaped conductor (in this case, approximately 0.033xg). Furthermore, if the inner diameter of the small hole for forming the external conductor of the coaxial line in the end wall of the circular waveguide 1 is selected to be approximately 0.0626g, the height of the internal conductor 31 will be approximately 0.016λg. This is the optimal value.

However, this value depends on the inner diameter of the small hole, the material of the dielectric round rod 4, and especially its electrical characteristics.

As for the dielectric round bar 4, it is desirable that the dielectric constant and telephone loss tangent are small, and also that the mechanical rigidity is high in order to be driven by the motor 5 as described above.

However, the size of the plate-shaped conductor lO as the carrier extraction element in the above embodiment is 2.5 times to at least 1.25 times larger than the micro antenna structure in the conventional example shown in FIGS. In addition, since the shape is not easy to bend, it is easy to handle in the U band and contributes to the homogeneity of the product.

Further, advantageous results were obtained in terms of electrical characteristics.

To explain this, although it was mentioned earlier in the section of operation, I will explain the operation of the device of this embodiment once again. By rotating the dielectric round rod 4 from the outside, the plate-like conductor When the principal plane (the plane surrounded by each edge ll-15) is made to coincide with the electric field direction of the V polarized wave of the T E + r wave entering the circular waveguide 1, the V polarized wave component is Plate conductor 1
0 is concentrated between the front edge 11 of the circular waveguide 1 and the radial inner wall surface of the circular waveguide 1, and further condensed between the rear edge 12 of the plate-shaped conductor 10 and the end wall of the circular waveguide 1, It is transmitted to the coaxial line section 3 as a smoothly converted TEM wave.

The TEM wave of the coaxial line section 3 excites a micro antenna 6, and a TE is generated in the rectangular waveguide 2. radiate waves.

In exactly the same way, the principle of mode conversion in the waveguide system of the present invention as described above is to rotate the dielectric round rod 4 by 90 degrees to the left or right by external operation, and convert the main surface of the plate-shaped conductor lO into H-polarized wave. This also occurs when the direction of the electric field matches the direction of the electric field, and for only the selected H polarized wave, the TE
, 1o wave output signal can be obtained.

FIG. 3 shows the actually measured characteristics when the polar rotor of the present invention, which operates according to the principle of mode conversion of such a waveguide system, was prepared with the dimensions and angle examples in the above embodiment.

Assuming that the return loss is kept below -20 dB as a practical performance, the characteristics of a conventional polar rotor that employs a micro-antenna tuning type and step impedance transformation are shown by the solid line, and the applicable frequency band is 11.5. ~
It was 12.6 Gll□, the bandwidth was 1.1 Gll□, and the ratio was 9.3%.

On the other hand, in the polar rotor of the present invention created based on the above embodiment, the applicable frequency band' is 10.95 to 12.75 GH, but covers the entire U band, as shown by the broken line in FIG. However, an ultra-wide band with a bandwidth of 1.8 GII and a fractional band of 15.2% was obtained.

[Effects] In the polar rotor of the present invention, the carrier extraction element IO provided in the waveguide 1 on the input side is composed of a plate-shaped conductor. Unlike the micro-antennas obtained by conventional methods, it is easier to manufacture and handle.

In other words, simple punching and forming methods can be used for manufacturing.
In addition, it is easy to assemble, and the fear of not being able to obtain the desired electrical characteristics due to deformation of the small antenna as in the conventional method can be minimized, making it highly suitable for mass production.

Furthermore, since it follows the principle of mode conversion within a waveguide rather than the conventional micro antenna resonance tuning principle, it is possible to easily provide an ultra-wideband polar rotor by designing the dimensions and angular relationships of each edge.

To put it more realistically, the World Radiocommunication Association (WA)
The Ku band frequency band allocated by C
It is 10.95-lr, 7 cu□ in S band, and 11.7-12.75 Gll□ in DBS.

However, the DBS frequency band near Japan in the third region is 1L7~12.0G11. , so there is space on the high frequency side of the DBS band.

Therefore, the area from 1225 to +2.75Gtlz is C
This band will be opened to the S band and allocated to communication satellites such as JC-SAT and 5UPER BIRD, which are scheduled to be launched in fiscal 1986.

Therefore, if a polar rotor to be applied to this type of receiving system is to be mass-produced starting from the present C1, it is required to have a characteristic of 1 minute over the entire U band as shown in L-.

In view of these actual circumstances, the superiority of the polar rotor constructed according to the present invention is clear, and as is also recognized in the experimental examples described above, the polar rotor of the present invention has the required efficiency.
Since it can cover the entire K11 band from 10.95 to 12.75 Gll□ with satisfactory reflection loss characteristics, it is a C-rated product that exactly meets the current requirements.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a polar rotor constructed according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a configuration example of a carrier extraction element which is a particularly characteristic part of the polar rotor of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of an experimental example of a polar rotor constructed according to the present invention. Figure 4 shows 1. of the conventional polar rotor. (A schematic configuration diagram of a final structural example. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are respectively schematic configuration diagrams of a conventionally improved polar rotor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) Input side waveguide (1) having a carrier wave input opening at one end
A carrier extraction element provided in the input side waveguide (1
), an output waveguide (2) provided outside the end wall of the
Connected to the carrier extraction element, the output side waveguide (2)
A coaxial line section (3) forming a coaxial line-to-waveguide converter between the carrier wave extraction element and the input side waveguide (1
), wherein the carrier wave extraction element is a plate-shaped conductor (10) of a predetermined thickness, the geometry of the plate-shaped conductor (10) being (a): The front edge (11 ) and (b): connect one end of itself to one end of the front edge (11),
The other end is connected to the internal conductor (31) of the coaxial line section (3), and the input waveguide is connected at a second angle (θ_2) perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the tube axis of the input waveguide (1). a back edge (12) extending along the end wall of the side waveguide (1) over a second length (L_2) with a spacing (d_1) therebetween; (c): said front surface; Connected to the end of the edge (11) opposite to the end to which the rear edge (12) is connected, and at a third angle (θ_3) with respect to the tube axis of the input waveguide (1).
a front edge (13) extending over a third length (L_3) toward the other end while placing the front edge (13);
By connecting one end of itself to the other end of 3) and connecting the other end to the internal conductor (31) of the coaxial line section (3), the fourth length (L_4 ) and a rear edge (14) on which a fourth angle (θ_4), which is an inclination angle with respect to the input waveguide axis, is determined. 2) The polar rotor according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion between the front edge (11) and the back edge (12) is an arc-shaped connecting edge (15) with a smooth curvature and a predetermined radius. Polar rotor featuring; 3) The polar rotor according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion between the front edge (11) and the back edge (12) is a circular waveguide (
1) forming a straight connecting edge cut at a fifth angle (θ_5) of 45° or approximately 45° with respect to the tube axis;