JPH0197921A - Production of liquid crystal display device - Google Patents
Production of liquid crystal display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0197921A JPH0197921A JP25378387A JP25378387A JPH0197921A JP H0197921 A JPH0197921 A JP H0197921A JP 25378387 A JP25378387 A JP 25378387A JP 25378387 A JP25378387 A JP 25378387A JP H0197921 A JPH0197921 A JP H0197921A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- display device
- crystal display
- emulsifier
- contrast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyoxyethylene ethanol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、マイクロカプセル方式による液晶表示装置の
製造方法に関するもので、本発明の方法により得られる
液晶表示装置は電圧ＯＮ時とＯＦＦ時における透過光量
の比（以下、コントラストという）が高いため、各種デ
イスプレィ、光シャッタ、制御装置等へ使用できる。Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using a microcapsule method. Since the ratio of transmitted light amount (hereinafter referred to as contrast) is high, it can be used for various displays, optical shutters, control devices, etc.
マイクロカプセル化した液晶表示装置として、特開昭５
９−１７８４２８号公報にＮ ＣＡ Ｐ （ＮＥＭＡＴ
ＩＣＣＵＲＶＩＬＩＮＥＡＲＡＬＩＧＮＥＤ ＰＨＡＳ
Ｅ）液晶表示装置が記載されている。As a micro-encapsulated liquid crystal display device,
NCAP (NEMAT) in Publication No. 9-178428.
ICCURVILINEARALIGNED PHAS
E) A liquid crystal display device is described.
該公報記載の液晶表示装置は、電圧ＯＦＦ時において、
光がポリマーマトリックスと液晶粒滴との界面において
反射したり、ランダムに並んだ液晶によって光路がねじ
まげられたりすることにより散乱し、フィルムは乳白色
に濁る。一方、電圧ＯＮ時においては、液晶粒滴内の液
晶は電界により電界方向に並ぶが、このとき正常光に対
する液晶の屈折率ｎ０とポリマーの屈折率ｎｌ、とをほ
ぼ等しくなるように選ぶことにより、フィルム面に垂直
に入射された光はボリマニと液晶との界面において反射
することなく通過するので、フィルムは透明となる。The liquid crystal display device described in the publication has the following characteristics when the voltage is OFF:
The light is scattered by reflection at the interface between the polymer matrix and the liquid crystal droplets, or by the optical path being twisted by the randomly arranged liquid crystals, giving the film a milky white color. On the other hand, when the voltage is ON, the liquid crystals within the liquid crystal droplets are aligned in the direction of the electric field due to the electric field. Since light incident perpendicularly to the film surface passes through the interface between the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal without being reflected, the film becomes transparent.
液晶表示装置め製造方法は、前記公報に記載されている
ように液晶を水溶性ポリマーの水溶液中で乳化し、この
乳化液を透明電極基板上に塗布し、乾燥後もう一枚の透
明電極で挟むという方法により第１図に示すような装置
を作成している。The manufacturing method for liquid crystal display devices is as described in the above publication, in which liquid crystal is emulsified in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer, this emulsion is applied onto a transparent electrode substrate, and after drying, another transparent electrode is applied. A device as shown in FIG. 1 was created by the sandwiching method.
しかしながら、上記方法においては、液晶の乳化時に適
切なる乳化剤（界面活性剤）の選択が不可欠である。不
適切な乳化剤を選択した場合や乳化剤を使用しなかった
場合には、乳化が困難であったり、塗布乾燥時に液晶と
ポリマーとの分離が起こるといった不都合の他に、液晶
マイクロカプセルの粒径が大きくなりコントラストが充
分でないといった問題点があった。However, in the above method, it is essential to select an appropriate emulsifier (surfactant) when emulsifying the liquid crystal. If an inappropriate emulsifier is selected or no emulsifier is used, in addition to problems such as difficulty in emulsification and separation of liquid crystal and polymer during coating drying, the particle size of liquid crystal microcapsules may There was a problem that the image was too large and the contrast was insufficient.
大量の乳化剤を使用すればこの不都合を解決することは
可能であるが、得られた液晶表示装置の性能を著しく悪
くする。例えば電界ＯＮ時に透明になった後、電界ＯＦ
Ｆにしても前のＯＦＦ時の白濁状態まで戻らないといっ
た問題点を生ずる。Although this disadvantage can be overcome by using a large amount of emulsifier, the performance of the resulting liquid crystal display device is significantly deteriorated. For example, after becoming transparent when the electric field is turned on, when the electric field is turned on,
Even if the temperature is set to F, the problem arises that the cloudy state does not return to the previous OFF state.
しかしながら現在までのところ上記問題点を解決する乳
化剤の提案はまだなされていなかった。However, until now no emulsifier has been proposed to solve the above problems.
本発明者等は種々の乳化剤について検討した結果、フッ
素系界面活性剤を乳化剤として使用することにより、前
記問題点を解決できることを見出した。As a result of studying various emulsifiers, the present inventors found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a fluorosurfactant as an emulsifier.
本発明は、２枚の透明電極板間に挟まれた媒体中に液晶
がマイクロカプセル状に分散された液晶表示装置の製造
に際し、乳化剤としてフッ素系界面活性剤を使用しマイ
クロカプセル化することを特徴とする液晶表示装置の製
造方法に関する。The present invention proposes the use of a fluorine-based surfactant as an emulsifier for microcapsulation when manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal is dispersed in the form of microcapsules in a medium sandwiched between two transparent electrode plates. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.
本発明によれば、比較的少量のフッ素系界面活性剤の使
用で、液晶をポリマー、特に水溶性ポリマー中で効果的
に乳化、微粒子化することができる。得られる微粒子の
粒径は約０．１〜４μｍである。この乳化液は非常に安
定で、乳化液を透明電極付フィルム上に塗布し乾燥して
も乳化状態が変化せず、従って細かい粒径を有する液晶
マイクロカプセルが生成する。このために作製された液
晶表示装置は電圧ＯＦＦ時において強く光を散乱し、透
過光量を著しく減少させるために、高いコントラストが
得られる。According to the present invention, a liquid crystal can be effectively emulsified and made into fine particles in a polymer, particularly a water-soluble polymer, by using a relatively small amount of fluorosurfactant. The particle size of the resulting fine particles is approximately 0.1 to 4 μm. This emulsion is very stable, and even if the emulsion is applied onto a film with transparent electrodes and dried, the emulsified state does not change, resulting in liquid crystal microcapsules having a fine particle size. A liquid crystal display device manufactured for this purpose strongly scatters light when the voltage is OFF, and the amount of transmitted light is significantly reduced, so that high contrast can be obtained.
本発明に使用されるフッ素系界面活性剤としては、パー
フルオロアルキルスルホン酸カリウム、パーフルオロア
ルキルスルホン酸アンモニウム、パーフルオロアルキル
カルボン酸カリウム、パーフルオロアルキルカルボン酸
アンモニウム、パーフルオロアルキルアンモニウムヨー
シト、パーフルオロアルキルポリオキシエチレンエタノ
ール、フッ素化アルキルエステル化合物等を好適に挙げ
ることができる。その使用量は特に限定されないが、液
晶に対し０．００１〜ｌＯ重量％使用するのがよい。Examples of the fluorosurfactant used in the present invention include potassium perfluoroalkylsulfonate, ammonium perfluoroalkylsulfonate, potassium perfluoroalkylcarboxylate, ammonium perfluoroalkylcarboxylate, perfluoroalkylammonium iosite, and Preferred examples include fluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene ethanol, fluorinated alkyl ester compounds, and the like. The amount used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the liquid crystal.
媒体としては、通常ポリマー、特に水溶性ポリマーが使
用され、その具体例としては、ポリビニルアルコール、
ポリアクリル酸、ゼラチン、ポリビニルピロリドン、メ
チルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ポリア
クリルアミド、カゼイン、プルラン、ポリエチレンオキ
サイド、ポリエチレングリコール等を挙げることができ
る。Polymers, especially water-soluble polymers, are usually used as the medium, specific examples of which include polyvinyl alcohol,
Examples include polyacrylic acid, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylamide, casein, pullulan, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and the like.
以下実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
゛
実施例１
フッ素系界面活性剤として、パーフルオロアルキルスル
ホン酸カリウム（３Ｍ社；ＦＣ−９５）５■を水ｌｌ１
１に溶解した上で１０重量％のポリビニルアルコール（
重合度約２０００）水溶液４ｇを添加した。さらに液晶
（ＢＤＨ社；Ｅ−４４）１．５ｇを加え減圧下で高速攪
拌して液晶の乳化液を得た。得られた微粒子の粒径は０
．８〜２μｍであう、た。この乳化液をＩＴＯ透明電極
付ＰＥＴフィルムで挟むことにより第１図に示すような
液晶表示装置を作製した。液晶マイクロカプセルを含む
媒体層の厚みは約１１μｍであった。The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples below.
Example 1 As a fluorosurfactant, 5 μ of potassium perfluoroalkylsulfonate (3M; FC-95) was added to 1 1 of water.
1 and 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (
4 g of an aqueous solution (degree of polymerization: approximately 2000) was added. Further, 1.5 g of liquid crystal (BDH; E-44) was added and stirred at high speed under reduced pressure to obtain a liquid crystal emulsion. The particle size of the obtained fine particles is 0
．． It was 8 to 2 μm. A liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 1 was produced by sandwiching this emulsion between PET films with ITO transparent electrodes. The thickness of the medium layer containing liquid crystal microcapsules was about 11 μm.
透過光量の測定は、光源としてハロゲンランプを用い上
記表示装置に光を照射し、透過光強度を光電子増倍管に
より測定した。電圧を上下の透明電極に印加すると挟ま
れた液晶マイクロカプセルを含む媒体層が透明になり透
過光量が増大した。The amount of transmitted light was measured by irradiating light onto the display device using a halogen lamp as a light source, and measuring the intensity of transmitted light using a photomultiplier tube. When a voltage was applied to the upper and lower transparent electrodes, the medium layer containing the sandwiched liquid crystal microcapsules became transparent and the amount of transmitted light increased.
電圧ＯＦＦ時と電圧５０Ｖ印加時の透過光量比すなわち
コントラストは５．３であった。The ratio of transmitted light amount when the voltage was OFF and when a voltage of 50 V was applied, that is, the contrast was 5.3.
実施例２
フッ素系界面活性剤としてフッ素化アルキルエステル化
合物（３Ｍ社、ＦＣ−４３０）３０■を２５％ポリアク
リル酸水溶液（粘度１００００ｃｐｓ）”に加えて混合
した後、液晶（ＢＤＨ社；Ｅ−４４）を１．５ｇ添加し
、以下実施例１と同様な方法により液晶表示装置を作製
した。実施例１と同様にコントラストを測定したところ
、５０Ｖ印加時のコントラストは６．０であった。Example 2 After adding and mixing 30 μm of a fluorinated alkyl ester compound (FC-430, manufactured by 3M Co., Ltd.) as a fluorosurfactant to a 25% aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid (viscosity 10,000 cps), a liquid crystal (BDH Company; E- 44) was added thereto, and a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. When the contrast was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the contrast when 50 V was applied was 6.0.
比較例１
界面活性剤を添加しなかった以外は実施例１と同様な方
法により液晶表示装置を作製した。５０Ｖ印加時のコン
トラストは２．１であった。Comparative Example 1 A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no surfactant was added. The contrast when 50V was applied was 2.1.
比較例２
界面活性剤としてラウリル硫酸ナトリウム１２０■を添
加した以外は実施例１と同様な方法により液晶表示装置
を作製した。乳化時の微粒子の粒径は３〜８μｍであっ
た。コントラストは、５０Ｖ印加時に当初３．５あった
が、電圧をＯＦＦにしても完全には初期の不透明の状態
には戻らず、以後のコントラストは２．３にとどまった
。Comparative Example 2 A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 120 μm of sodium lauryl sulfate was added as a surfactant. The particle size of the fine particles upon emulsification was 3 to 8 μm. The contrast was initially 3.5 when 50V was applied, but even when the voltage was turned off, it did not completely return to the initial opaque state, and the subsequent contrast remained at 2.3.
比較例３
ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを２０■とした以外は、実施例
１と同様な方法により液晶表示装置を作製した。乳化液
をＩＴＯ透明電極付ＰＥＴフィルム上で乾燥すると液晶
が表面ににじみ出し、添加した液晶の一部しかマイクロ
カプセル化していなかった。５０■電圧印加時のコント
ラストは１．８であった。Comparative Example 3 A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of sodium lauryl sulfate was changed to 20 μm. When the emulsion was dried on a PET film with an ITO transparent electrode, liquid crystal oozed out onto the surface, and only a portion of the added liquid crystal was microencapsulated. The contrast when a voltage of 50 cm was applied was 1.8.
比較例４〜７
界面活性剤として第１表に示すいわゆるノニオン系界面
活性剤を用いた以外は実施例１と同様にして液晶表示装
置を作製した。Comparative Examples 4 to 7 Liquid crystal display devices were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that so-called nonionic surfactants shown in Table 1 were used as surfactants.
第１表
７ ソルビタンモノオレート １２０ １．４〔
発明の効果〕
本発明によれば少量の乳化剤の使用によってマイクロカ
プセル化でき、しかも分散された結晶粒子径を小さ（す
ることができる。このため本発明の方法により製造され
る液晶表示装置はコントラストが大きく、各種デイスプ
レィ、光シャッタ、制御装置等への使用が実用上可能と
なった。Table 1 7 Sorbitan monooleate 120 1.4 [
[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, microencapsulation can be achieved by using a small amount of emulsifier, and the diameter of the dispersed crystal particles can be reduced.For this reason, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has a low contrast. Its large size makes it practically possible to use it in various displays, optical shutters, control devices, etc.
第１図は本発明の液晶表示装置の概略を示す縦断面図で
ある。
１・・・液晶粒滴、２・・・媒体、３・・・ＩＴＯ透明
電極、５・・・ＰＥＴフィルム
特許出願人 宇部興産株式会社FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. 1...Liquid crystal droplet, 2...Medium, 3...ITO transparent electrode, 5...PET film patent applicant Ube Industries, Ltd.
Claims (1)
カプセル状に分散された液晶表示装置の製造に際し、乳
化剤としてフッ素系界面活性剤を使用しマイクロカプセ
ル化することを特徴とする液晶表示装置の製造方法。A liquid crystal characterized in that a fluorine-based surfactant is used as an emulsifier to form a liquid crystal in the production of a liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal is dispersed in a medium sandwiched between two transparent electrode plates in the form of microcapsules. A method for manufacturing a display device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25378387A JPH0197921A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1987-10-09 | Production of liquid crystal display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25378387A JPH0197921A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1987-10-09 | Production of liquid crystal display device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0197921A true JPH0197921A (en) | 1989-04-17 |
Family
ID=17256089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25378387A Pending JPH0197921A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1987-10-09 | Production of liquid crystal display device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0197921A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05165005A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-06-29 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Information recording medium and information record reproducing method |
| JPH06130347A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1994-05-13 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Information recording medium and information recording and reproducing method |
| US5410424A (en) * | 1991-09-21 | 1995-04-25 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal with surfactant for alleviating the mutual attraction between the liquid crystal and the polymer |
| JPH07175081A (en) * | 1993-01-27 | 1995-07-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Optical sensor, information recorder and information recording method |
| US5514504A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1996-05-07 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Information recording medium, and information recording a reproducing method |
-
1987
- 1987-10-09 JP JP25378387A patent/JPH0197921A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05165005A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-06-29 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Information recording medium and information record reproducing method |
| JPH06130347A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1994-05-13 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Information recording medium and information recording and reproducing method |
| US5514504A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1996-05-07 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Information recording medium, and information recording a reproducing method |
| US5660958A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-08-26 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Information recording medium, and information recording and reproducing method |
| US5683838A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-11-04 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Method of producing information recording medium |
| US5410424A (en) * | 1991-09-21 | 1995-04-25 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal with surfactant for alleviating the mutual attraction between the liquid crystal and the polymer |
| US5858284A (en) * | 1991-09-21 | 1999-01-12 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method for forming the same |
| JPH07175081A (en) * | 1993-01-27 | 1995-07-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Optical sensor, information recorder and information recording method |
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