JPH0194940A - Reactor and steam generator therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it easy to charge and hold solids and obtain thereby high thermal efficiencies, enabling application to a steam generator, by assembling a reactor unit in which honeycomb fins with a number of small rooms filled with solids and heat transfer walls are disposed. CONSTITUTION:Fluids 35 flowing from a fluid inlet 31 into a reactor pass through fluid flow holes, passage space, of each distance plates 4 and stainless meshes 7 and flow into honeycomb fins 14 from a number of holes of porous plates 8, where said fluids react in contact with the solids 15 filled in the fins 14, producing thereby reaction heat. On the other hand, heat medium 34 introduced from a heat medium inlet 30 into the reactor passes through heat medium flow holes and flows into a heat medium guide plates in a space of each distance plate 21. And then, while flowing through the passages of the heat medium guide plates, the heat medium absorbs reaction heat generated in the honeycomb fins 14 to be heated and is discharged from a heat medium outlet through the heat medium flow holes.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a reactor capable of heating a heat medium by reaction heat generated by a reaction between a solid and a gas or a solid and a liquid, and a method using the reactor. It is related to steam excavators.

[Prior Art] A conventional reactor that can heat a heating medium using reaction heat generated by a reaction between a solid and a gas or a solid and a liquid is, for example, a shell-and-tube type reactor in which a large number of heat transfer tubes are housed inside the shell. As shown in Fig. 5, a cylindrical tube made of all-mesh is housed inside the heat exchanger tube a concentrically with respect to the heat exchanger tube a, and a cylindrical tube made of all mesh is housed inside the heat exchanger tube a, and a gap between the inner circumference of the heat exchanger tube a and the outer circumference of the cylinder is arranged. For example, N, which is an ammonia complex of nickel chloride, is used as a powdery solid C.
It is filled with 1clz・2NHa.

The NH3 gas d flowing through the cylinder passes through the holes in the cylinder and permeates into the powdery solid C, resulting in N1e12*2
NH3+ 4 NH3:N1c12・6 NH3+
An exothermic reaction of eOKcal .(i) takes place, and the heating medium e flowing inside the shell is heated. This heat medium e is sent from the reactor to the target equipment and releases heat.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the above-mentioned reactor, it is difficult to evenly fill the gap between the elongated heat exchanger tube a and the cylinder with the powdery solid C, and the cylinder is deformed. It is difficult to support the filled solid C so that it is not biased, and there is also a limit to the size of the heat transfer area, making it impossible to heat the heat medium e with good heat exchange efficiency. There were other problems.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a reactor that can easily fill and hold powdery solids and has good heat exchange efficiency, and a steam generator using the reactor. This is what was done.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The first invention provides a porous material having a channel portion through which a reaction fluid flows and a large number of small holes whose one side faces the channel portion and through which the fluid can pass. a plate, a honeycomb fin in which a number of small chambers facing the other side of the porous plate and partitioned by fins are filled with a solid that causes an exothermic reaction in contact with the fluid; and a side of the honeycomb fin opposite to the porous plate side. A second aspect of the present invention includes a heat transfer wall disposed in the box-shaped container and configured to transmit heat generated by the reaction to the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path. A supply pipe is connected to a steam pipe that takes out steam from above, and a duct that introduces a reaction fluid into the box-shaped container from the horizontal direction is connected to the box-shaped container. a porous plate having one side facing the flow path portion and having a large number of small holes through which the fluid can pass; A honeycomb fin filled with a solid that causes an exothermic reaction when brought into contact with the honeycomb fin, and a heat transfer device disposed on the opposite side of the honeycomb fin from the porous plate side to transfer the heat generated by the reaction to the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path. A reactor with walls,
The heat transfer wall is arranged parallel to the flow of the fluid introduced from the duct, and the heat medium flow path section is arranged vertically, and an upper plenum section is placed between the upper part of the reactor and the box-shaped container, and the reaction A lower plenum part is provided between the lower part of the reactor and the box-shaped container, and a downcomer is provided between the side part of the reactor and the box-shaped container, and the heating medium liquid level is positioned above the top of the reactor. There is.

[Function] In the first invention, the reaction fluid passes through the porous plate and enters the honeycomb fins, reacts with the solid inside the honeycomb fins to generate heat, and the heat causes the reaction fluid to pass through the heat medium flow path. The heating medium is heated. In addition, in the second invention, since the heat medium is heated and boiled to generate steam, the heat medium in the heat medium flow path is naturally circulated due to the buoyancy of the generated steam and the difference in density of the heat medium, and the generated steam is transferred to the upper plenum. The heating medium is separated into gas and liquid in the steam pipe, taken out to the outside through the steam pipe, and exited from the heating medium flow path to the upper plenum portion.The heating medium descends through the downcomer and is reintroduced into the heating medium flow path from the lower plenum portion.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figures 1 and 2 (A) to (S) show one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 1 shows the vertical cross-sectional shape of the reactor, and Figure 2 (
A) to (S) show each part of the reactor.

In the figure, 1 is a reactor unit stacked in multiple stages, 2 is the top reactor unit, and 3 is the bottom reactor unit.

To explain the details of the reactor unit l, two diagonal lines of the distance plate 4, which has a rectangular frame-like planar shape.
Heat medium circulation holes 5 and 6 penetrating in the thickness direction are provided at the corners, and a stainless steel mesh having a hexagonal planar shape and a large number of A porous plate 8 having small holes is inserted, and a distance plate 9 having a rectangular frame shape in plan is arranged on the lower surface of the distance plate 4, and at two diagonal corners of the distance plate 9, Heat medium flow holes 10.11 are provided that penetrate in the thickness direction and communicate with the heat medium flow holes 5 and 6, and at the other two diagonal corners of the distance plate 9, the heat medium flow holes 10.11 that penetrate in the thickness direction and communicate with the heat medium flow holes 5 and 6 are provided. Fluid circulation holes 12.13 are provided which communicate with the space 4a of the distance plate 4 and allow fluid such as NH3 to flow therein, and a large number of small chambers are provided in the space 9a of the distance plate 9, which are vertically penetrated by fins 14a. A segmented honeycomb fin 14 having a hexagonal planar shape is inserted, and each chamber of the honeycomb fin 14 is filled with, for example, N1cb.2NH3, which is an ammonia complex, as a powdery solid 15.

A separator plate 1B for preventing the heat medium from flowing into the honeycomb fins 14 is disposed on the lower surface of the distance plate 9, and the separator plate 1B is penetrated vertically at two diagonal corners of the minus sign to prevent the heat transfer medium from flowing into the honeycomb fins. Heat medium flow hole 17 communicating with medium flow hole 10.11.
18 are provided, and fluid communication holes 19.18 are provided at the other two diagonal corners, penetrating vertically and communicating with the fluid communication holes 12.13.
A distance plate 21 having a rectangular frame-like planar shape is disposed on the lower surface of the separator 1B, and two diagonal corners of the distance plate 21 are connected to the fluid communication holes 19 and 20. providing fluid communication holes 22, 23 that communicate with each other;
Also, the space 21a of the distance plate 21 is communicated with the heat medium flow holes 17, 18, and the distance spray) 2
1, a heat medium guide plate 24 having a hexagonal planar shape and a wave-shaped longitudinal cross-sectional flow path is fitted into the space 21a of the heat exchanger 1, and a separating plate 25 is disposed on the lower surface of the distance plate 21.
At two diagonal corners of the separator plate 25, there are heat medium flow holes 26. which communicate with the space 21a of the distance plate 21.
27, and fluid flow holes 28, 29 are provided at the other two diagonal corners to communicate with the fluid flow holes 22, 23.

The basic configuration of the upper and lower reactor units 2.3 is the same as that of the reactor unit 1, but the upper surface of the reactor unit 2 has a separator plate 18.25 having the same shape and communicating with the heat medium flow hole. A fluid port 31 having a heat medium inlet 30 and a heat medium outlet (not shown) located diagonally to the heat medium inlet 30 and communicating with the fluid flow hole, and another fluid located diagonally to the fluid port 31. A top plate 32 with an inlet (not shown) is attached, and a blind bottom plate 33 is attached to the lower surface of the reactor unit 3. Further, 34 is a heat medium, and 35 is a fluid.

The fluid 35 that has flowed into the reactor from the fluid inlet 31 can be passed directly through the fluid inlet 31 or the like or through the fluid communication hole 12° 13.1.
9, 20, 22, 23, 28, and 29 into the space 4a forming the flow path of each distance plate 4,
Passing through the stainless steel mesh inserted into the space 4a,
The stainless steel mesh enters the honeycomb fins 14 passing through the many holes of the porous plate 8, and comes into contact with the solid 15 filled in the honeycomb fins 14. This contact causes
When the fluid 85 is NH3 and the solid 15 is N1c12.2NHa, a chemical reaction expressed by the above-mentioned formula (+) occurs, and reaction heat is generated.

On the other hand, the heating medium 34 introduced into the reactor from the heating medium inlet 30
passes through the heat medium flow holes 5.1O, 17 or through the heat medium flow holes 5, 10, 17.28, flows into the heat medium guide plate 24 in the space 21a of each distance plate 21, and the heat medium guide It is heated by absorbing the reaction heat generated in the honeycomb fin 14 while flowing through the flow path of the plate 24, and the distance plate 2
1, passes through heat medium flow holes 18, 11, 6, and 27, is taken out of the reactor from a heat medium outlet (not shown), and is sent to a target device.

The exothermic reaction continues as the fluid 35 is absorbed by the solid 15, but all of the solid 15 is N1c12 ・6 NH3
After that point, no exothermic reaction will occur.

In this case, the heat medium 34 or steam heated outside the reactor is supplied into the reactor through the above-mentioned route to heat the solid 15. Yes, then, N1c12 6NH3 in formula (0 is decomposed by an endothermic reaction and returns to N1c12 2NH3, so it can be used to heat the heating medium 34 again. Note that all of the solid 15 is N1clz 6NH3 Heat is applied to solid 15 before it changes to N1cL2.6NH.
It is also possible to return K to N1elz/2NHK.

In the above-mentioned reactor, the solid 15 is packed into the honeycomb fins 14 which have a large open surface, so that the solid 15 can be easily filled, and the solid 15 is packed in a large number of fins. Since it is filled into the small chamber formed by the honeycomb fins 14a, it is stably held without being biased, and since a large number of fins 14a are in contact with the separator plate 16 having a large heat transfer area, the heat medium is transferred from the honeycomb fins 14. Transfer of heat to 34 is rapid and efficient.

3 and 4 are examples of steam generators using a reactor similar to the reactor shown in FIG. 1.

A duct flange 38 that introduces NH3 gas 37 from the horizontal direction is connected to the front surface of the box-shaped container 36, and a duct (not shown) for supplying NH3 gas is connected to the duct flange 38, and the reaction is carried out inside the box-shaped container 3B. Arrange the vessels. That is, a plurality of sets of heat medium guide plates 39 each having a channel 39a having a wave-shaped cross section at a required interval in the horizontal radial direction of the duct flange 38 are oriented vertically and the heat exchange surface is the same as that of the NH3 gas 37. Arrange it so that it is parallel to the flow direction.

The upper and lower ends of the heat medium guide plate 39 are opened so that the heat medium 42 can flow in from the lower plenum 40 of the box-shaped container 36 and flow out to the upper plenum 41.
The upper end of the heat medium guide plate 39 is positioned slightly higher than the upper end of the duct flange 38 to prevent leakage to the side, and the lower end of the heat medium guide plate 39 is positioned slightly lower than the lower end of the duct flange 38, so that the front and rear surfaces of the heat medium guide plate 39 are The heating medium guide plate 39 is placed in contact with and fixed to the inner surface of the box-shaped container 36, and the front side ends of the heating medium guide plates 39 on both sides of the duct flange 38 in the horizontal caliber direction are positioned slightly closer to the side of the box-shaped container 36 than the duct flange 38, or the heating medium Fix the leakage prevention plate. Furthermore, a downcomer 43 is formed between the heat medium guide plate 39 on both sides in the horizontal radial direction of the duct flange 38 and the box-shaped container 36, and a supply pipe 44 that supplies the heat medium 42 to the lower plenum 40 of the box-shaped container 36 is formed. Box type container 38
A steam pipe 45 is connected to the lower part and above the upper plenum part 4.

In order to prevent the heat medium 42 from leaking to the duct flange 38 side, a duct flange 8 is provided at the upper and lower portions between each heat medium guide plate 39.
8 Distance plate 46 located at the upper and lower edges
A honeycomb fin 47 having a large number of fins 47a in contact with the heat transfer surface of the heat medium guide plate 39 is disposed between the upper and lower distance plates 46, and the NIC 12 is fixed as a solid in a small chamber surrounded by the fins 47a.・2 Filled with NH3 powder, a porous plate 48 with a large number of small holes is fixed to the opposite side of the honeycomb fin 47 to the side facing the heat medium guide plate 39, and NH3 is filled between the opposing porous plates 48. A gas flow path 49 is formed. In the figure, 50 is the liquid level.

NH3 gas 37 is transferred from the duct flange 3B to the box-shaped container 3B.
N1e12 ・2NH3
reacts with N1c12 .6NH3 and generates heat.

Due to the heat generated by the reaction, the flow path 39 of the heat medium guide plate 39
Since the heat medium in the flow path 39a is heated and boiled to generate steam, the heat medium in the flow path 39a rises due to the buoyancy of the generated steam and the difference in density of the heat medium and circulates naturally, and the generated steam flows into the upper plenum. Gas and liquid are separated in section 41 and taken out to the outside through steam pipe 45.

The heat medium exiting from the upper end of the flow path 39a to the upper plenum portion 41 flows to the downcomer 43 and descends there, and flows back into the flow path 39a of the heat medium guide plate 39 from the lower plenum portion 40 and circulates.

On the other hand, when returning the NIC12.6NH3 to N1e12.2NH3, the heat medium 42 is removed from the box-shaped container 3B, and another steam is introduced into the box-shaped container 36 from the steam pipe 45. Thus, the steam enters the flow path 39a of the heat medium guide plate 39,
It condenses and radiates heat within the flow path 39a, covering the heat of the endothermic reaction. The condensate is discharged to the outside from the lower plenum section 40.

Another method for returning N1c12 ・6NH3 to N1e12 φ2NH3 is to leave the heating medium 42 in the upper plenum part 41 without removing it, and provide a steam introduction nozzle in the lower plenum part to allow steam to flow through the steam introduction nozzle. may be blown into the flow path 39a of the heat medium guide plate 39. The blown steam radiates heat and disappears, turning into liquid. An overblow pipe is provided in the box-shaped container 36, and this amount of liquid is discharged to the outside from there.

Gas-liquid separation in the upper plenum part 41 is performed in the upper plenum part 4.
Since the process is carried out with a complete liquid level formed at 1, there is no mist mixed into the steam, and steam with a high conversion rate can be obtained.

In addition, the internal natural circulation amount of the heat medium 42 in the box-shaped container 36 is determined by ensuring that there is no decrease in flow velocity at the downcomer 43 and that the heat medium guide plate 3
Due to the smooth flow at 9, the amount of steam discharged is several tens of times ~
Combined with the high heat exchange efficiency, the steam generation rate is several hundred times higher.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the reactor of the present invention and the steam generator using the reactor, the reactor can easily fill and retain solids, achieve a high heat exchange rate, and When the steam generator is used in a steam generator, it can produce various excellent effects such as being able to obtain steam with a high steam generation rate and high transformation rate.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a detailed explanatory diagram of the present invention, Figures 2 (A) to (S)
is an explanatory perspective view of parts used in the reactor shown in Figure 1;
The figure is an explanatory perspective view of a steam generator using a reactor similar to the reactor shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a view taken in the direction of the ■ arrow in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a diagram of a conventional reactor. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a heat tube portion. In the figure, 1.2.3 is a reactor unit, 4 is a distance plate, 8 is a porous plate, 9 is a distance plate,
14 is a honeycomb fin, 15 is a solid, 16 is a separator, 2
1 is a distance plate, 24 is a heat medium guide plate, 25 is a separation plate, 34 is a heat medium, 35 is a fluid, 36 is a box-shaped container, 3
7 is NH3 gas, 38 is a duct flange, 39 is a heat medium guide plate, 40 is a lower plenum part, 41 is an upper plenum part,
42 is a heating medium, 43 is a downcomer, 4B is a distance plate, 47 is a honeycomb fin, 48 is a porous plate,
49 indicates a flow path.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A channel portion through which a reaction fluid flows, a porous plate having one side facing the channel portion and having a large number of small holes through which the fluid can pass, and other parts of the porous plate. A honeycomb fin in which a large number of small chambers facing the surface and partitioned by fins is filled with a solid that causes an exothermic reaction upon contact with the fluid; A reactor characterized by being provided with a heat transfer wall that transfers heat to a heat medium flowing through a heat medium flow path. 2) A supply pipe for supplying heat medium into the inside and a steam pipe for taking out steam from above are connected to the box-shaped container, and a duct for introducing reaction fluid into the box-shaped container from the horizontal direction is connected to the box-shaped container. In the mold container, a flow path section through which the fluid from the duct flows, a porous plate having one side facing the flow path section and having a large number of small holes through which the fluid can pass, and the other side of the porous plate. A honeycomb fin in which a large number of small chambers partitioned by facing fins is filled with a solid that causes an exothermic reaction when it comes into contact with the fluid, and a honeycomb fin arranged on the opposite side of the honeycomb fin from the porous plate side to generate heat generated by the reaction. The reactor is equipped with a heat transfer wall that transmits the heat to the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path, and the heat transfer wall is parallel to the flow of the fluid introduced from the duct, and the heat medium flow path is oriented vertically. The upper plenum part is arranged between the upper part of the reactor and the box-shaped vessel, the lower plenum part is arranged between the lower part of the reactor and the box-shaped vessel, and the downcomer is arranged between the side part of the reactor and the box-shaped vessel. A steam generator characterized in that the heating medium liquid level is located above the upper end of the reactor.