JPH0160702B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a switching valve operating device for hydraulic excavators and other construction machines.

[Conventional technology]

In remote-controlled hydraulic excavators, the operating levers on the left and right sides of the driver's seat are operated to control the operation of multiple hydraulic actuators by switching the switching valve via a pilot valve for remote control. The operating direction of various hydraulic actuators is determined by the above, and the operation pattern is almost uniform for each manufacturer. However, when the manufacturer changes, the operation pattern also changes, and the reality is that multiple types of operation patterns are used.

When operating such construction machinery from different manufacturers, the operating patterns are different, making it difficult for the operator to operate smoothly due to inexperience, reducing work efficiency, and increasing the risk of accidents due to operating errors. be. Therefore, it is desired to put into practical use a so-called multi-control system that can freely change the operation pattern according to the driver's wishes.

Therefore, the following methods are known as conventional operation pattern changing means.

○ Connection conversion method using rods and links This method is intended for manually operated machines, as shown in Utility Model Publication No. 58-45334, and has two operating levers and two manual switching valves. The sliding spools are convertibly connected via a plurality of push/pull rods and a swing link, and the operation pattern is changed by changing the connection relationship.

○B Hydraulic hose connection conversion method As shown in Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-163666, for example, this method is intended for pilot-operated machines, and is designed to connect multiple hoses operated by left and right operating levers. Connect the operation side piping to the pilot valve, and connect the switching valve side hose to the pilot pressure oil receiver of the pilot type actuator switching valve that controls the operation of multiple actuators.
A plurality of communication oil passages are provided in the fixed member placed between each of the contact pipes and each switching valve side hose,
For each communication oil passage, each operation side piping is connected to one side, and each switching valve side hose is connectable and convertible to the other side via a quick joint type coupling puller. The operation pattern is changed by changing the connection relationship between each operation-side pipe and each switching valve-side hose at a portion.

○C Main pipeline switching system This system is intended for manually operated machines, as shown in Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-194262, and uses two actuators and two actuators that control the operation of both actuators. One or more two-position switching valves for operating pattern selection are provided in the middle of the main pipe connecting the manual main switching valves, and each main switching valve and each actuator can be controlled by switching the two-position switching valves. This is to convert the connection relationship with the computer and change the operation pattern.

○D Pilot pipe switching method (using an 8-port, 2-position switching valve with a sliding spool) This method is intended for pilot-operated machines, as shown in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-76669. pilot valves and pilot pressure oil receivers for each of the two pilot type main switching valves that control the operation of the two actuators (total of four
An 8-port, 2-position switching valve with a sliding spool is provided between the pilot valve and the main switching valve, and the spool of this switching valve is slid axially to two positions to adjust the pilot pressure of each pilot valve and each of the main switching valves. The operation pattern is changed by changing the connection relationship with the oil receiver.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The above conventional technology has the following problems.

In the above connection conversion method using rods and links, it is necessary to change the connection position of multiple rods and reconnect them in order to change the operation pattern, and in some cases, it is necessary to change the length of the rods. or it is necessary to replace the link member. Therefore, it is very complicated, and it takes a lot of effort and a long time to change the bonding pattern, and sometimes there is a risk that the actuator will operate in an unexpected direction due to incorrect connection. Moreover, since it is a so-called direct pull type using a rod, there is little flexibility in the connecting part of the rod, and it is necessary to accurately match the placement of the lever and each directional control valve. The parts and the spool of the main switching valve tend to wear unevenly, resulting in poor durability and short mechanical life.

In the hydraulic hose connection/conversion method in ○B above, by using a flexible hose, it is possible to achieve a certain degree of flexibility compared to the case of the rod in ○B above, but the connection conversion of the hose is extremely troublesome.
There is no big difference in that the conversion process requires time and effort,
There is also a risk that the machine will operate in an unexpected direction due to incorrect connections. In addition, there are problems such as hydraulic oil spilling around the attachment/detachment point of the cut-off plastic part, and the hoses on the switching valve side cross each other when changing the connection of the hoses.
Mutual contact interference may occur, making connection conversion difficult.

The main line switching method of ○C above requires a main line switching valve for high pressure and large flow rate, and there is a problem with sealing performance, which may cause oil leakage in the middle of the main line. Moreover, since only the connection relationship of the main pipes between the two actuators and the two main switching valves is changed, there are essentially only two operation patterns that can be changed.

In the switching valve method of ○2 above, since the pilot line is switched, a lower pressure switching valve can be used compared to ○c above, but it is possible to
Since the connection relationship for each actuator directional control valve is simply changed in the middle of the pilot pipe, this ○D is also essentially 2 times the same as ○C.
Can only be changed to the standard welding pattern.

Note that the hydraulic excavator has several operation patterns (see FIG. 8), and it is therefore desirable to be able to change to as many operation patterns as possible among these operation patterns. However, since all of the above-mentioned ○ha○ni use a two-position switching valve with a sliding spool, they cannot meet this demand. In other words, in order for one switching valve to be able to handle four different operation patterns for four hydraulic actuators, it is necessary to create a four-position switching valve with 8 ports on the inlet side and 8 ports on the inlet/outlet side, for a total of 16 ports. However, if the valve is configured with a sliding spool as shown in ○ha○ni above, the spool stroke will be extremely long and the entire switching valve will also be long, which will be a major obstacle in terms of installation space and operating amount. , not practical.

For this reason, with machines that have adopted the conventional method described above, when changing the operation pattern, work such as changing the connection of rods and hoses is required, or inefficient work is required despite the inexperience. I had to do it.

By the way, a fluid control valve described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 49-13938 is known as a nine-port valve that rotates a spool and switches to eight positions. However, this fluid control valve merely selects whether to divert the fluid that flows in from one inlet port to all of a plurality of distribution ports, or to selectively let it flow out to each distribution port. Since there is only one port, this fluid control valve cannot be used for selecting the operation pattern as described above.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and makes it possible to easily select several operation patterns with a simple switching operation in one machine.Moreover, the selector valve for switching operation patterns can be configured compactly, and can be easily installed. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a switching valve operating device for construction machinery that can be easily put into practical use by easily eliminating space constraints, etc., and that can improve operability and workability without causing oil leakage or deterioration of operating feeling. It is said that

[Means to solve the problem]

To achieve the above object, the present invention includes a plurality of pilot valves that output pilot pressure oil in response to the operation of a control lever, and a plurality of hydraulic pilot type pilot valves that are switched by the pilot pressure oil output from each pilot valve. A switching valve operating device for construction machinery comprising a switching valve and a plurality of hydraulic actuators whose operation is controlled by each switching valve and switching,
A selector valve is arranged between each of the above pilot valves and the pilot pressure oil receiver of each switching valve, and a plurality of inlet ports are provided on one side of the selector valve, and a plurality of outlet ports are provided on the other side of the selector valve. At the same time, a rotatable spool is provided inside to change the communication relationship between each inlet port and each outlet port, and each pilot valve is connected to each of the above-mentioned inlet ports via an oil passage on the operating side, and each outlet port is The pilot pressure oil receiver of each switching valve is connected to the switching valve side oil passage, respectively, and the communication relationship between each operating side oil passage and each switching valve side oil passage can be changed by rotating the spool. are doing.

Further, in the above configuration, the selector valve has a spool provided therein so as to be rotatable and slidable in the axial direction for changing the communication relationship between each of the inlet ports and each outlet port. In some cases, the communication relationship between each of the operation-side oil passages and the switching valve-side oil passage can be changed by sliding in the axial direction.

[Effect]

With the above configuration, by rotating the selector valve spool provided between each pilot valve and the pilot pressure oil receiver of each switching valve, the communication relationship between each inlet port and each outlet port is changed, The communication relationship between each of the operation-side oil passages and the switching valve-side oil passage is changed, the operation pattern is changed in several ways, and the changing operation can be easily performed in a short time. Also, since the spool is rotatable, the length of the spool is shorter than that of a sliding type.
The selector valve is also compactly constructed as a whole, solving problems such as installation space, and can be easily put into practical use.

In addition, if a selector valve is used in which the spool is rotatable and slidable in the axial direction, the operation pattern can be changed in several ways by combining the rotation of the spool and the sliding in the axial direction. Changing the operation pattern can be easily done in a short time.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 9, the remote control type hydraulic excavator has left and right operation lever stands 2 and 3 installed in front of the driver's seat 1, and left and right operation levers 4 and 5 mounted on these stands.
By operating the operating levers 4 and 5, a pilot valve provided in the operating lever stand is operated, a switching valve is switched, and a hydraulic actuator is operated. In this case, as mentioned above, there are a plurality of types of operation patterns, and the four representative operation patterns A, B, C, and D are shown in FIG. In order to accommodate these operation patterns, it is configured as follows.

FIG. 1 shows a part of the hydraulic circuit of a hydraulic excavator to which the device of the present invention is applied. In Figure 1,
5 is the right operating lever, 7a and 7b are pilot valves,
10 is a selector valve, 20 is a switching valve, 21, 2
2, 23, and 24 are boom valves, bucket valves, swing valves, and arm valves that constitute the switching valve 20, 29 is a pilot pump, 30 is a main pump, 31 is a boom cylinder, 32 is a swing motor, and 33 and 34 are relief valves. , 35 is an oil tank, and 36 is a pump driving motor.

The pilot valves 7a and 7b input the discharge oil (primary pressure) from the pilot pump 29 to the primary side, and input the pilot pressure oil (secondary pressure) to the secondary side by operating the right operating lever 5 to the A or B position. The pilot pressure oil is applied to the pilot pressure oil receiver 27a or 27b of the boom valve 21 via the oil passage 9a or 9b, and the boom valve 21
Switch. This causes the boom cylinder 31 to extend or shorten.

2 and 3 are hydraulic circuit diagrams showing the connection relationship between the pilot valve and the switching valve when the selector valve is switched to the a position and the c position. In this figure, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and 7
Reference numerals a, 7b, 7c, and 7d indicate pilot valves, which are provided in the left and right operating lever stands 2 and 3 (see Figure 9), and the pilot pump 29 shown in Figure 1 is connected to their primary side. , each operation side oil passage 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and 9a on the secondary side,
9b, 9c, and 9d are connected. Reference numeral 10 designates a selector valve provided between the left and right operation lever stands 2, 3 and the switching valve 20, 11 a spool of the selector valve 10, and 12 a switching lever thereof. The spool 11 is rotatable, and can be switched to a plurality of positions a, b, c, and d by rotating it by a predetermined angle in a detent type. 4 and 5 show the external shape of the selector valve 10, FIG. 4 is an external front view of the selector valve 10, and FIG. 5 is an external plan view as seen from E in FIG. 4.

Inlet ports 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d and 15 are provided on one side of the selector valve 10.
a, 15b, 15c, 15d, and outlet ports 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d and 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d are provided on the other side. Then, the pilot valves 6a, 6b are connected to the inlet ports 14a, 14 via the operation side oil passages 8a, 8b.
b, the pilot valves 6c and 6d are connected to the operation side oil passage 8.
c, 8d to inlet ports 14c, 14d;
The pilot valves 7a and 7b are the operation side oil passages 9a and 9b.
Pilot valves 7c and 7d are connected to the inlet ports 15c and 15d via operation side oil passages 9c and 9d, respectively.

In addition, left and right pilot pressure oil receivers 26a, 26b of the swing valve 23 are connected to the outlet ports 16a, 16b via switching valve side oil passages 18a, 18b.
6c, 16d are connected to the left and right pilot pressure oil receivers 2 of the arm valve 24 via switching valve side oil passages 18c, 18d.
6c, 26d are connected to the boom valve 2 through the switching valve side oil passages 19a, 19b to the outlet ports 17a, 17b.
The left and right pilot pressure oil receivers 27a and 27b of 1 are
The outlet ports 17c and 17d have a switching valve side oil passage 19.
The left and right pilot pressure oil receiving portions 27c and 27d of the bucket valve 22 are connected through ports c and 19d, respectively.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which the detent type rotating spool 21 of the selector valve 10 is switched to the a position, and each inlet port 14a, 14b, 14c, 1
4d and 15a, 15b, 15c, and 15d are connected to the outlet ports 16a and 16, respectively, through channels provided in the spool 11 within the selector valve 10.
b, 16c, 16d and 17a, 17b, 17
It communicates with c and 17d.

In this state, for example, when the left operation lever 4 is operated forward, pilot pressure oil from the pilot valve 6a passes through the operation side oil passage 8a, the inlet port 14a of the selector valve 10, the outlet port 16a, and the switching valve side oil passage 18a, and then flows into the arm. It acts on the pilot pressure oil receiving portion 26a of the valve 24, and the arm valve 24 is switched to the arm dump position. When the left operation lever 4 is operated rearward, pilot pressure oil from the pilot valve 6b passes through the operation side oil passage 8b, the inlet port 14b of the selector valve 10, the outlet port 16b, and the switching valve side oil passage 18b, and then flows into the arm valve 24. The arm valve 24 is switched to the arm excavation position.

When the selector valve 10 is switched to the a position in this way, the left operating lever 4 is operated back and forth to control the arm valve 24, the left operating lever 4 is similarly operated left and right to operate the swing valve 23, and the right operating lever 5 is operated back and forth. The boom valve 21 can be controlled by operating the boom valve 21, and the bucket valve 22 can be switched and controlled by operating the right operating lever 5 left and right, thereby making it possible to perform operations corresponding to operation pattern A shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which the detent type rotating spool 21 of the selector valve 10 is switched to the c position, and each inlet port 14a, 14b, 14c, 1
4d, 15a, 15b, 15c, and 15d are connected to the outlet port 1 through a flow path provided in the spool 21 within the selector valve 10, contrary to the case shown in FIG.
7a, 17b, 17c, 17d and 16a, 1
6b, 16c, and 16d. For this purpose, for example, when the left operating lever 4 is operated forward, pilot pressure oil from the pilot valve 6a flows into the operating side oil passage 8a and the selector valve 1.
It acts on the pilot pressure oil receiver 27a of the boom valve 21 through the inlet port 14a, the outlet port 17a, and the switching valve side oil passage 19a, and the boom valve 21 is switched to the boom lowering position. When the left operating lever 4 is operated rearward, the pilot pressure oil from the pilot valve 6b flows through the operating side oil passage 8b, the inlet port 14b of the selector valve 10, and the outlet port 17.
b, acts on the pilot pressure oil receiving portion 27b of the boom valve 21 via the switching valve side oil passage 19b, and the boom valve 21
is switched to boom hoist position.

That is, when the selector valve 10 is switched to the c position, the left operating lever 4 is operated back and forth to move the boom valve 21, the left operating lever 4 is also operated left and right to move the bucket valve 22, and the right operating lever 5 is moved back and forth. Operate the arm valve 24, and also the right operating lever 5.
The swivel valve 23 can be switched and controlled by operating left and right, respectively, and it becomes possible to perform an operation corresponding to an operation pattern different from that in the case of the a position, that is, an operation pattern C shown in FIG. 8.

Although not shown, the selector valve 10
If you switch to position b, operation pattern B in Fig. 8
Then, by switching to the d position, the operations corresponding to the operation pattern D become possible.

As shown above, spool 2 of selector valve 10
By rotating 1 and switching its position, the flow path communication relationship between each operation-side oil passage and each switching valve-side oil passage can be changed, and the above-mentioned operation pattern can be changed arbitrarily.

By the way, when the operation pattern is changed by sliding the sliding spool as in the prior art (○d) mentioned above, the entire valve needs to be made longer in accordance with the sliding stroke in the axial direction of the sliding spool. According to the above, by using the rotatable spool 21 as described above, the flow path communication relationship can be changed and the operation pattern can be changed by simply rotating the spool 21 in a fixed position without having to slide the spool 21 in the axial direction. There is no need to lengthen the entire valve as it can be changed. Therefore, in the present invention, even if the selector valve 10 is configured to simply switch between the two positions shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. This effect can be achieved and the intended purpose can be achieved.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the spool 11 is switched to positions b and d by operating the switching lever 12, and the pilot valves 6a to 6d and 7a to 7d and the switching valve 2
0, 21, 22, 23, and 24, by converting the flow path communication relationships of the pilot pressure oil receivers 26a to 26d and 27a to 27d to correspond to the operation patterns B and D in FIG. The vehicle can be operated in four different operation patterns, allowing the driver to operate safely and efficiently using familiar operation patterns.

6 and 7 show another embodiment of the selector valve, and this selector valve 40
has a spool 41 inserted therein so as to be rotatable and slidable in the axial direction, and is switched by a rotational operation and a sliding operation in the axial direction using a switching lever 42. That is, the sixth
The lever 42 can be rotated to the a position or the b position as shown in the figure, and can be slid to the c position or the d position as shown in FIG. By switching between the a position and the b position, four operation patterns can be selected depending on the combination.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention has the following effects.

By rotating the spool of the selector valve and changing the communication relationship between the inlet port and the outlet port, it is possible to arbitrarily change to a plurality of types of operation patterns. Therefore, the operation pattern conversion work can be performed in a shorter time and without errors, compared to the above-mentioned prior art (A) connection conversion method such as a rod or (B) hose connection conversion method. Moreover, since there is no need to attach or detach the coupling part, there is no need to spill hydraulic oil to the outside.

In particular, since the above operation pattern is changed by rotating the spool of the selector valve, compared to the case where the operation pattern is changed by sliding the slide type spool as in the conventional technology XX above, the operation pattern of the selector valve is changed by rotating the spool of the selector valve. The spool can be shortened,
The entire selector valve can be configured compactly. This makes it easy to eliminate restrictions such as installation space, allows for efficient installation even in a narrow space such as the operator's cab of a construction machine, and makes it easy to put it into practical use. Further, the amount of operation is smaller than that in the case of sliding stroke in the axial direction, and operability and workability can be greatly improved.

In addition, if you use a selector valve that allows the spool to rotate freely and slide freely in the axial direction,
The operation pattern can be arbitrarily changed in several ways by combining the rotation of the spool and the sliding in the axial direction, and in this case as well, the operation pattern can be changed easily in a short time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial hydraulic circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are hydraulic pressure diagrams showing the connection relationship between the pilot valve and the switching valve when the selector valve is switched to the a position and the c position. Circuit diagram, 4th
The figure is a front view of the selector valve.
Fig. 6 is an external front view showing another embodiment of the selector valve, Fig. 7 is a plan view as seen from F in Fig. 6, and Fig. 8 is an operation of the left and right operating levers. The pattern diagram, FIG. 9, is a perspective view of the vicinity of the driver's seat of a construction machine to which the device of the present invention is applied. 2, 3...Left and right operation lever stand, 4, 5
...Left and right operation levers, 6a to 6d, 7a to 7d
...Pilot valve, 8a-8d, 9a-9d...
Operation side oil passage, 10... Selector valve, 11...
Rotating spool, 14a-14d, 15a-15
d...Inlet port, 16a-16d, 17a-1
7d...Exit port, 18a~18d, 19a~
19d...Switching valve side oil passage, 20...Switching valve, 21
... Boom valve, 22 ... Bucket valve, 23 ... Swivel valve, 24 ... Arm valve, 26a to 26d, 27
a to 27d...Pilot pressure oil receiver.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A plurality of pilot valves that output pilot pressure oil in response to operation of a control lever, and a plurality of hydraulic pilot type switching valves that are switched by the pilot pressure oil output from each pilot valve. , a switching valve operating device for construction machinery comprising a plurality of hydraulic actuators whose operation is controlled by switching of each switching valve, wherein a selector valve is provided between each of the pilot valves and the pilot pressure oil receiver of each switching valve. The selector valve has a plurality of inlet ports on one side and a plurality of outlet ports on the other side, and has a spool inside that changes the communication relationship between each inlet port and each outlet port. is rotatably provided, each pilot valve is connected to each of the above-mentioned inlet ports via an oil passage on the operating side, and the pilot pressure oil receiver of each switching valve is connected to each outlet port via an oil passage on the switching valve side. A switching valve operating device for construction machinery, characterized in that the communication relationship between each operation side oil passage and each switching valve side oil passage can be changed by rotation of the spool. 2. A plurality of pilot valves that output pilot pressure oil in response to the operation of a control lever, a plurality of hydraulic pilot type switching valves that are switched by the pilot pressure oil output from each pilot valve, and switching of each switching valve. In the switching valve operating device for construction machinery, which is equipped with a plurality of hydraulic actuators whose operation is controlled by A plurality of inlet ports are provided on one side of the valve, and a plurality of outlet ports are provided on the other side, and a spool that changes the communication relationship between each inlet port and each outlet port is rotatably provided inside. Each pilot valve is connected to each of the above-mentioned inlet ports via an oil passage on the operation side, and the pilot pressure oil receiver of each switching valve is connected to each outlet port through an oil passage on the switching valve side. A switching valve for construction machinery, characterized in that the communication relationship between each operating side oil passage and each switching valve side oil passage can be changed by connecting the above-mentioned spool and sliding in the axial direction. Operating device.