JPH0157889B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved optical grating that has superior image recognition ability and is used for correcting optical aberrations, and more particularly to an improved optical grating that has excellent image recognition ability and is used for correcting optical aberrations, and more particularly for use in natural lenses such as the eye and artificial lenses such as photographic lenses. Regarding optical gratings capable of correcting optical aberrations associated with both.

Various systems are known in the optical arts for correcting optical aberrations exhibited by both natural lenses, such as the human eye, and artificial lenses, such as photographic lenses. However, such systems generally involve superimposing an additional lens or series of additional lenses onto a defective lens, where the additional lens is such that the defect exhibited by the defective lens is similar to the defective lens of said additional lens. A structure suitably designed and calculated so as to be corrected by the bonding and correcting action of .

Another known method of correcting the aberrations is to provide a relatively large lens locally covered by a diaphragm, which covers a large proportion of the peripheral area of the lens and Leaving only a small area in the center of the lens as the effective part of the lens, this increases the parallelism of the surfaces,
The peripheral prisms are thus preferably covered.

Another method for locally correcting optical aberrations is non-refractive devices such as so-called slit glasses, traditionally known as vision aids. For example, Stewart Duke
The System of
Ophthalmology" Textbook, Volume 5, Pages 794 et seq. describes the slit glasses and their optical principles published by Daza de Valde's in 1623, and which were first introduced by the French ophthalmologist in 1857.
Serre and in 1864 by Frans Donders for clinical use. However, as further specified in this textbook, the main disadvantage of slit holes is that their field of vision is extremely limited, and because they do not move in unison with the eyes, they offer little benefit to the wearer when walking. do not have. The textbook also states that a disk consisting of several such openings in a single leaf of opaque material is "better than nothing" when used for general purposes;
This proves that said slit glasses are highly inefficient articles and as is well known and stated and described in many optical books, slit holes are commonly found in glasses with defects in the lenses. This serves the purpose of avoiding the entry of diffraction circles with pure rays, so that the slit hole is clearly circular and, as Duke-Elder et al. states quite clearly in their textbook, In order for these slit holes to be effective, the multiple slit holes provided in the glasses must be spaced approximately 4 mm apart from each other, and for farsightedness the spacing is approximately 1.5mm, while for nearsightedness the spacing is approximately 4 mm. Must be 0.3mm in size.

The slit holes have the sole purpose of preventing diffraction circles from entering, which explains the fact that their shape must be clearly circular and the area they occupy must be relatively large within the slit glasses. The fact that slit glasses would be extremely impractical for general use, as the benefits gained from improved image perception would not be able to compensate for the wearer's efforts; Slit glasses have not been popular among the public for a long time, despite the fact that many people would really like something more than just glasses or contact lenses to improve their vision. .

In Mexican Patent No. 132553, published February 10, 1976, to the same applicant, an optical grating is described which produces interference of light rays and which greatly improves the disadvantages of devices according to the above technology, including slit glasses. .

The grid is designed to be applied to eyeglasses and includes an unspecified number of square apertures, the grid being flat or concave to be applied to the rings of eyeglass frames for regular eyeglasses and/or their replacements. belongs to.

The optical grating described in Mexican Patent No. 132,553 is extremely effective in correcting optical sorption caused in particular by excess luminous intensity due to the interference of light through the square holes it contains. , the grating has no effect on correcting other forms of optical aberrations, and the primary rationale for the grating is to reduce the intensity of the interference light, thereby detecting the interference. It dims or reduces the intensity of light. However, the considerable reduction in luminous intensity caused by the grating described in Mexican Patent No. 132,553 does not itself reduce the image quality by the use of said grating, especially in the dark or at twilight during the day, as well as in the darkness of the night. It causes a decrease in visual acuity that cannot be compensated for by improved cognitive ability and reduces the ability to recognize many dark objects.

Therefore, with the exception of the optical grating described and claimed in Mexican Patent No. 132,553 and considered to be a considerable improvement over the prior art, all other conventional means are extremely impractical and
As Duke-Elder puts it very clearly,
It can be considered that nothing is better than nothing.

The present invention provides an optical grating that is effective in increasing image perception and correcting optical aberrations and is applicable to both ocular and artificial lenses, the optical grating having an essentially triangular cross-section and an alternating shape. includes two sets of rows of bars arranged parallel to each other, each row of bars arranged perpendicularly to the other rows, leaving a square free space therein, and the tops of the bars having a grid on which light enters. the bottom of the crosspiece faces the inner surface of the grating directly facing the lens with the defect desired to be corrected;
Said square free space constitutes a truncated pyramidal aperture, the larger base of which lies within the outer surface of the grid and the smaller base of which lies within the inner surface of the grid; The ratio of the area of the larger base to the area of the smaller base is approximately 36:1 to 2.25:1.
and the total area of the smaller bottom of each square opening is from about 0.04 mm ² to about 4 mm ² , and the width of the bar is about 1 mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood from the following description of the invention using some specific non-limiting embodiments and with reference to the drawings.

In particular, FIG. 1 and FIG.
An optical grating for correcting optical aberrations manufactured as an example is shown in the figure, and is designated as a whole by 1, and this optical grating has a plurality of bars 2 having a triangular cross section and arranged in parallel to each other, and a triangular cross section. A grid comprising a plurality of bars 3 arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to said bars 2, thereby leaving square openings 4 by said rows of bars 2 and bars 3 to allow the passage of light. form.

The bottom parts 7 of the bars 2 and 3 are arranged towards the inside of the grating, ie on the surface directly facing the lens whose aberrations are to be corrected, while the top parts 5 and 6 of the bars 2 and 3 are arranged towards the outside of the grating. facing the side, i.e. the second
The plane where the light rays enter is located as shown by the arrow in the figure.

Therefore, the aperture 4 through which the light rays pass through the grating is constituted by the smaller base of the beams left between the bars 2 and 3 as a square aperture, said aperture having the shape of a truncated pyramid; Their larger bottoms face the outer side of the grid and their smaller bases face the inner face of the grid.

In order to carry out an advantageous removal of unwanted light waves by interference and to provide an improved image recognition ability and to advantageously correct aberrations of the lens combined with the optical grating according to the invention,
It has been found that the ratio of the smaller area of the opening 4 to the larger area of said opening takes a value between 1:36 and 1:2.25, preferably a value of 1:4, said area ratio range being , if the total area of each aperture 4 at its smaller base is between 0.04 mm ² and 4 mm ² on each side, and the width of said bar is approximately 1 mm, absolute correction of spherical, astigmatic and chromatic aberrations is obtained. In particular, the best clarity and resolution in perceiving the observed object are obtained.

Although the exact nature of the physical interpretation of the phenomenon occurring in the optical gratings of this invention is not completely understood, it is possible to insert truncated pyramidal apertures with their smaller bases on the inner surface of the grating. and the size of the opening is such that the ratio of the smaller area to the larger area is between 1:36 and 1:2.25, and the opening is small. This was determined purely experimentally by providing a configuration with a total area of 0.04 mm ² to 4 mm ² and a crosspiece width of 1 mm, and was determined purely experimentally by providing a configuration with a total area of 0.04 mm 2 to 4 mm 2 and a crosspiece width of 1 mm, and was determined purely experimentally. Optical aberrations that could not be corrected by other means were significantly corrected. On the other hand, the smaller the ratio of the smaller area to the larger area, the better the perceived clarity of the image.

3 and 4 are specific embodiments of optical gratings made in accordance with the present invention, said gratings being designated at 1 and having a concave shape for reducing color perception, astigmatism, hyperopia and other corneal problems. It is arranged in the ring of the spectacle frame 8 to construct spectacles for correcting eye diseases due to sphericity and vision defects such as focusing defects of the crystalline lens.

In contrast, FIG. 5 shows an optical grating according to the invention for use in combination with a convex photographic lens 9 such as is commonly used in low cost photographic cameras. When the grating according to the invention is used in combination with such a lens, it can cause a considerable amount of damage to said lens in relation to the sphericity aberrations normally present in convex lenses of this type, as well as the chromatic aberrations produced especially in the periphery of said lens. This has led the lens manufacturing industry to reduce the majority of the effective area of the lens for use only in the center of the lens, as the only means of reducing such aberrations as far as this type of convex lens is concerned. The above-mentioned method has been put to practical use in low-priced photographic lenses that are forced to be covered with a diaphragm in the prior art. The optical grating according to the invention is endowed with the ability to correct for said aberrations and because of its increased image recognition ability, the optical grating of a convex lens with a larger aperture without the known aberrations commonly caused by this type of convex lens. enable manufacturing.

FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of a portion of an optical grating constructed as a second embodiment of the invention, in which the outer surface of the grating is covered with a coating 10, which covers the sixth
The coating 1 is shown exaggerated in the figure.
It includes a single layer of light-reflecting metal, such as a metallized layer or a mirror-type layer, which contributes to considerably increasing the visibility of the grating according to the invention compared to a non-zero grating. By providing this type of reflective coating on the outer surface of the grating, a considerable increase in the light intensity sensitivity of the user is surprisingly obtained, especially when applied to eyeglasses, and according to embodiments of the invention. The above-mentioned increase in light perception can be achieved because it is possible to use glasses with optical gratings, and in combination with photographic lenses in darker places than when gratings according to the prior art are used. It is also possible to use the grid of the second embodiment.

The reason why the reflective layer 10 provided with a reflective coating on the outer surface of the optical grating according to the present invention shown in FIG. On the other hand, “invisible”
Although this is not clearly understood, it has been experimentally confirmed that it actually occurs, especially when the optical gratings are used in eyeglasses to correct human visual acuity defects.

FIG. 7 shows a further or third embodiment of an optical grating according to the invention, which is similar to the grating shown in FIG. 6, but which is combined with a lens according to the invention. The difference lies in the fact that the inner surface of the grating has a coating of a matte, rather than bright, light-reflecting material to avoid circular reflections towards the lattice.
Surprisingly, this coating exhibits a significant increase in color perception of the image. The coating 11 is preferably a matte coating, particularly a matte silver coating such as an aluminum paste type coating. Also, quite surprisingly, when a light-reflecting matte coating 11 is applied to the inner surface of the optical grating according to the present invention,
As such, the optical grating of the present invention provides a significant increase in the color perception of the combined lens.

Although the reason for the above-mentioned effect is also not understood, it has been experimentally determined that this increase in color perception of the lenses does occur, whereby optical gratings are combined with grating glasses. In this case, when the optical grating is used to view the color screen of a color television, for example, embodiments of the invention are suitable for this particular use.

Finally, FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the invention, when the grating is used in eyeglasses for human use,
Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful when optical gratings of the invention are applied to eyeglasses, as they provide a significant increase in the visibility of the grating.

According to the above-described particular embodiment of the invention, each lattice 1 arranged in a spectacle frame made according to the invention has two lateral windows 12 and 13; It has been experimentally determined that 12 and 13 significantly increase the visibility of the optical gratings of the present invention compared to optical gratings that do not include them. In said particular embodiment of the invention, the two sides of this grating are preferably given a black or at least a very dark color to avoid reflected light towards the eye where the defect is to be corrected. The two windows mentioned above are arranged in particular on both sides of each grid according to the invention for each eye fitted to the spectacles, and are located outside the wearer's precise field of vision and are therefore useful for use. The wearer always sees through the intermediate area between the two windows 12 and 13 and therefore always sees through the optical grating, so that the wearer's optical defects are completely corrected and, moreover, Two side windows provide clear visibility.

From the above description, it can first be seen that certain vision aids are provided for correcting optical defects of the human eye or for correcting optical aberrations of artificial lenses such as photographic lenses; The method uses a principle completely different from that of slit holes or slit glasses, namely that an optical grating is first provided with a plurality of closely spaced square apertures, thereby Even when multiple slit holes are used, such as in slit glasses, the wearer is forced to look through only one hole and must turn the head with the glasses to catch the missing view. The square aperture of the optical grating according to the present invention allows for the perception of normal vision, unlike the severely limited visibility provided by slit holes, which cannot provide an increased field of view. The fact that the grating has a truncated regular pyramidal shape completely eliminates all undesirable rotational rays that affect visual acuity, so that the grating can be seen by the human eye without reducing the perceived visibility to some extent. It can correct most of the optical defects in artificial lenses and most of the optical aberrations in artificial lenses, and the visibility can also be improved by adding a light-reflecting coating to the outer surface of the grating, or by providing a pair of blinds next to the field of vision. It can be increased by very simple means.

Also, first of all, an optical grating is provided, and the color perception of the lens can be improved considerably by the mere means of providing a dull-colored yet light-reflecting coating on the inner surface of said grating.

However, what is considered most important for achieving the gist of this invention is that first of all, this vision aid is effectively used in glasses with grids, which does not reduce the person's field of vision and yet is possible. Most vision defects of the wearer can be corrected without resulting in undesirable defects, and in this case the wearer must use a grid in front of both eyes, which he voluntarily offers. This required very little time in tests conducted by people in the field.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial front view of an optical grating made as an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrow, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the structure of eyeglasses with a grating shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an optical grating made as a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an optical grating made as another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a third application of the optical grating of the invention, showing a device for increasing its luminous intensity. 1... Optical grating, 2, 3... Crosspiece, 4... Aperture,
5, 6...Top, 7...Bottom, 8...Eyeglass frame, 9...Convex photographic lens, 10...Coating, 11
...covering, 12,13...window.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Triangular cross-sections arranged parallel to each other to form a lattice which increases the image recognition ability and is applicable both to the eye and to artificial lenses, and which also leaves square free spaces. It includes two rows of bars, each row having a bar, each row of bars being arranged perpendicularly to each other, the tops of the bars extending over the outer surface of the grating on which the light rays are incident, and the bottoms of the bars extending over the outer surface of the grating where the beam is incident. Extending on the inner surface of the grating directly opposite the lens desired to be corrected, said square free void constitutes a truncated pyramidal aperture, the larger base of said truncated pyramidal aperture The smaller bottom of the opening located on the outer surface is located on the inner surface of the grid, and the ratio of the area of the larger bottom of the opening to the area of the smaller bottom of the opening is from 36:1 to 2.25: 1, the total area of the smaller base of each of said square apertures has a value of between about 0.04 mm ² and about 4 mm ² , and the width of said crosspiece is about 1 mm. Optical grating for correction of aberrations. 2. The outer surface of the grating is specifically metallized or completely coated with a mirror-type light-reflecting coating to increase the apparent visibility through the grating. Optical grating for correction of optical aberrations. 3. In order to increase color perception through the grid, the total area of the inner surface of the grid is coated with a dull colored but light reflective coating, preferably an aluminum paste coating. 2. The optical grating for correcting optical aberrations according to item 2. 4 Claim 1, wherein the grating is flat
An optical grating for correcting optical aberrations as described in . 5. The optical grating for correcting optical aberrations according to claim 1, wherein the grating has a concave surface toward the lens. 6. The optical grating for correcting optical aberrations according to claim 2, wherein the grating has a concave surface toward the lens. 7. The optical grating for correcting optical aberrations according to claim 3, wherein the grating has a concave surface toward the lens. 8. Said gratings are used in combination with eyeglass frame rings forming eyeglasses, each of said gratings having two lateral sides arranged on the outer side of the wearer's precise field of vision to increase the visibility of said eyeglasses. Claim 5 including a row of large rectangular openings
An optical grating for correcting optical aberrations as described in . 9. The optical grating for correcting optical aberrations according to claim 6, wherein the optical grating is used in combination with an eyeglass frame ring to form eyeglasses. 10. The optical grating for correcting optical aberrations according to claim 7, wherein the optical grating is used in combination with an eyeglass frame ring to form eyeglasses.