JPH01503801A - A device for generating a heat flow that is introduced into or removed from a body of low thermal conductivity. - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] A device for generating a heat flow that is introduced into or removed from a body of low thermal conductivity. The invention provides heat to an object in one or more essentially parallel planes. or extract heat from an object in one or more essentially parallel planes and Transfer to each heat transport medium! In particular, using at least one heat transport layer, conduction in an object with a low thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/eK of a limited or somewhat infinite size. The supply or removal of heat with respect to a device for generating a heat flow that enters or withdraws , which is biased from the heat flow generated in objects with low conductivity and is more or less transverse to this heat flow. The heat transport layer according to the invention can therefore be referred to as a heat storage device (Warmeve). It is also called iche).

Due to the issue of heat supply or heat extraction, the first problem is the atmosphere (solar radiation, solar radiation, latent heat). , air heat, water heat due to atmospheric phenomena (Meteorvasserwarme) and heat, wastewater heat, etc.) and the ground (surface heat, ground heat, etc.) and ground heat (ground heat, on a diurnal or annual cycle when acquiring heat from sources (warroe and spring water heat). Contemporary requirements are imposed to obtain renewed energy.

Ideas and methods that are partially protected by patent rights for this energy acquisition method The number of laws has increased dramatically over the past few years. Obtaining pure geothermal heat at depth is the deepest It can be realized industrially only by extracting heat in a point-like manner through drilling. . If geothermal as well as atmospheric heat has to be harvested, this can be done directly. Possible only near the surface. In this case, the use of plant cultivation will inevitably be impaired. Ru.

Therefore, a number of regulations require that public roads or the exterior walls of special sports facilities be Experiments to obtain atmospheric thermal energy and geothermal energy while effectively utilizing both. In this case, at the same time, solar heat is accumulated on a more or less large scale due to heat storage capacity. It is also used for taking out at night. Additionally, for loading heat storage or surface In order to keep the ice free, heat is thus often It is supplied to systems intended for completely specialized uses, protected by

Above all, layers of bituminous material, which are exposed to solar radiation, fixing the road surface, Devices for heating and/or cooling coating layers are known; Multiple heat exchange units arranged along the layer of material to be heated and/or cooled It has a cut. These units contain two fluid passage systems. The first system is , to be heated in terms of heat transfer and/or; is associated with the material layer to be abraded; The system is associated with a regenerator in terms of heat transfer.

In this case, the heat storage device is at the same time a substructure of the road and partially or completely During construction: It can consist of soil that is dug out.

The heat transfer medium must cool the material layer, e.g. in the summer or heat it in the winter. Depending on the need, heat can be transported from the material layer into the heat storage and vice versa. is circulated through a fluidic continuous system for transport from the material layer to the material layer. Two fluid continuous systems is in the vertical plane. (West German Patent Application No. 3407927) 1 Two dense absorbers are treated as a new type of heating system for the finished concrete component structure. Another method for managing is SIA-Bull. erin) “Industrieles Balaen (Industrieles B) auen)”, was evaluated in detail in 4/82.In this case, large area heat exchanger Energy in the form of heat is removed from the environment by absorbers. This heat energy Lugie is brought from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level using a temperature pump. and the resulting thermal energy can therefore be used for heating purposes.

In addition, in the case of this working method, the time course of temperature is 30C, which is a good thickness per day! noticeable in the surface and various layers of reinforced concrete walls of I, as well as temperature curves The phase of the line is pronounced in the absorber circuit feeding the liquid. Also, mature pump The efficiency number is expressed as a group of parameters together with the heating temperature depending on the outside temperature. Ru.

Swiss Patent No. 661340 describes a large-area coaxial resonant circuit on a heat storage layer and Both metal contact lamellas are recommended for heat distribution, and this metal contact lamella La is mostly used today in underfloor heating technology.

All systems have in common a heat extraction device using heat exchange tubes, and the surface of this device In some cases, conventional ribs or lamellae have been enlarged to increase efficiency.

Externally linear extraction devices, i.e. tubular extraction systems with only limited planar coverage, are This generates an almost cylindrical isotherm in a body of low thermal conductivity, and the conductor of this tubular extraction system The electric efficiency is determined by a exactly planar take-out device with isotherms almost parallel to W7w2Δ. This is not the case at all.

Moreover, the lamella proposed in Swiss Patent No. 661,340 It is element. This is because this thermal shorting element directs heat far from the end of the pipe into the pipe. This is because he brings it back to his mouth.

It is therefore an object of the invention to control the type of heat flow introduced or extracted into thermal monoblocks. or to obtain a generating device in the form of a heat accumulator, in which case the generation occurs in the block. The generated isotherms run almost parallel to each other, and the heat conduction is particularly sensitive to the generated heat flow. It is carried out in a heat storage block or in an object with low thermal conductivity next to the According to the invention, the problem is solved according to at least one claim, in particular claim 1 The problem is solved by the device described above.

A prerequisite for heat conduction in a direction other than the original in a body of low conductivity is that the body and the heat storage layer with high conductivity and the specific heat conductivity λW/+nK. In order to maintain a suitable thermal conductivity there should be a minimum in relation to the heat conduction cross-section of the object. 20 to 1000 times larger than the layer object that acts as a heat storage with a cross-sectional area of The specific thermal conductivity of

Heat transport to or removal from the device is carried out on the secondary side at the deformation or use point. It is carried out using a liquid heat transport medium supplied to the It is carried out by electrical transport as a unit of heat or by belt-tied for heat extraction. This is done by the Peltier effect.

thermally conductive bonding with materials of low conductivity; highly thermally conductive layers include copper, aluminum, etc.; and semi-finished products, which can consist of aluminum, silver or gold and their alloys, For example, by introducing sheets or tubes or by casting said metal in composite casting. Or, it is possible to construct a sintered body in which a highly conductive layer is generated in situ by sintering. It can be formed by forming. 20-200W/in heat conductive member A low conductivity film of finite or somewhat infinite size that has a heat transport capacity of 112 The object is: - acquisition and storage of atmospheric and geothermal heat; - temperature control of the surrounding indoor environment; Thermal process control in thick-walled non-metallic containers of chemical and biochemical processing techniques; Intended heating or internal heating of mechanical components with the prevention of local overtemperatures can be used for cooling and maintaining the temperature of an electronic device by cooling or heating it. I can do it.

By adjusting the heat flow through the heat conduction layer of the heat storage device in a planar manner, the maximum It becomes possible to transmit specific heat efficiency of . In this respect, the invention in principle Distinguished from the direct implementation of a heat exchanger with a heat transfer liquid flowing through it, in which case the heat flow The tji nodes are carried out by heat exchange tubes, which are in the best case somewhat linear, but This is often done almost exclusively in a dot-like manner with spherical vessels.

The present invention can be applied to W/a2K in a thermal block of arbitrary size, finite or to some extent infinite. The maximum heat flow at guaranteed. Atmospheric engineering and the earth's unavoidable impacts during development When used to harvest stored energy as well as chemical/biological In large-scale plants of processing technology and in mechanical engineering, the heat of evaporation can be measured directly in special cases. Heat transport is mainly carried out by a transport liquid, which can also be used directly. precision machine In the case of mechanical or electronic devices, Peltier elements are used. This applies to electrical heat supply or extraction as Joule heat.

Heat conduction, acting as a heat storage, introduced for the forward and reverse movement of the heat transport medium When guiding a heat exchanger tubular recording device conductively coupled to a surface in parallel, the heat transport The media is distributed equally over the entire width in the mature block, corresponding to the direction between forward and retrograde flow. The g is run backwards through the heat block during the progression to create a shaped temperature gradient. It is cooled or heated until The highly conductive supply or extraction layer is In this case, the entire surface should be covered as much as possible. Unlike this , the heat exchange tubes are placed in a hairpin pattern in front and back on the same side in the heat storage area, or they are meandering. If the supply point is misplaced in the form of a hot water is generated, and this hot water is connected to the adjacent loop field and the higher temperature A layer that acts as a highly conductive heat storage is formed in a suitable manner at the boundary for the next hot water. Temperature-differentiated so that it should be interrupted. Otherwise, thermal bridge, A thermal short circuit then occurs, which decisively reduces the extraction efficiency of the system.

Thermal blocks can be operated effectively for both heat storage loads or heat release or for surface heat removal. When operating selectively for atmospheric heat collectors (input or removal), the heat collector The geometrical position of the heat storage layer is highly thermally conductive between the optimum value of t of the vessel or heat storage. can find a compromise. In addition, a large number of heat storage devices can be used depending on the location conditions. It can also be installed in an optimal position for different descriptions.

The regenerator combines heat flow in a regenerator block with a heat exchanger. Introduced into heat storage In order to attempt to derive the total amount of heat generated from the heat storage, higher temperature deviations and therefore If a degraded efficiency of the extraction system must not be tolerated, the heat transfer capacity -Q λ is small WW 1ilW in the block Must. The laminated cross section determined in this way is should be present only in the heat exchanger tubes, and should there be connections between the heat exchanger tubes immediately after leaving the heat exchanger on the side. It can run to the center of the intermediate space between is industrially difficult and generally expensive.

The heat storage device acquires atmospheric heat/geothermal energy through a heat storage collector, among other things. actually used in cases. The optimal amount to be extracted from the collector side depends on the weather conditions depending on the location. determined by the situation. This extraction amount is between 30~150~V7m2 , and varies within an extremely wide range depending on the weather. Generally valid in both cases In operation, the evacuation capacity of the underground heat storage is important. This release capacity is λ4~V/mK as the maximum conductivity of very dense signboards in case of continuous operation and dry λ0.3W/IIIK as the conductivity of dry ground It is given only by kana fluctuations. If the extraction efficiency from underground is too high, In other words, if the ΔK between the heat transport fluid and the underground is too high, the amount of surface heat extracted will be There is an increased risk of icing, and this risk of icing is or by increasing the surface coverage (more Thermal storage at deep depths, and in some cases multiple storages for seasonal extraction volumes. This can be caused by heating devices). Surfaces that are not used during the winter half of the year, e.g. In the case of ground, heat extraction from the surface and eventually icing can be prevented by an insulating cover. can be blocked or used as an ice surface in special cases .

Furthermore, the device according to the invention generally makes the heat storage block extremely useful when there is an excess of heat. It can be heated effectively and the heat that requires heat can be extracted again. It is important to use energy when storing and recovering energy in the form of heat. be. − surface, the smallest temperature difference can be utilized for accumulation or collection; Heat storage that can be increased additionally by including special heat storage bodies that utilize upper latent heat The quantity is remarkable. This is because this amount of heat storage must be used extremely effectively. This is because it can be done.

When a movable heat storage block is placed on a railway vehicle, for example, heat can be moved from place to place. is also possible.

However, generally heat is supplied to a medium with poor thermal conductivity or is made possible using the device according to the invention, namely the heat storage, This is only possible in an uneconomical manner using conventional methods and equipment. This was possible under very favorable circumstances.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of example and principle considerations with reference to the drawings. Ru.

FIG. 1a) Heat transfer via a heat exchanger to a heat transport liquid; Figure 1b) Electrical heat transport According to FIG. 2a, a schematic diagram showing the structure of a heat storage device selectively having mass absorption heat exchanger configured as a diurnal or annual heat storage on a rock bed. a vertical cross-sectional view showing, and According to Figure 2b, an annual cycle is stored on an artificial diurnal heat storage on the ground or on a sedimentary rock surface. a vertical section showing a mass absorption heat exchanger configured as a heating device; FIG. 3 shows a pipe with parallel guided conductors in the same flow direction according to FIG. 3a. According to FIG. 1 = a plan view showing a shaped device, a tubular device with a wire in the form of a hairbin. A plan view showing the According to FIG. 3c, a plan view showing a tubular device with a serpentine conductor; Figures 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d show the heat extraction layer and the heat exchanger layer, respectively. vertical sales views showing different configurations of layers; Figure 5 shows a line section showing the phase shift of the outside air temperature in the absorber circuit. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the phase shift of the temperature course in the deep part of the mass absorption heat storage device, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing operating states a, b, c, d, and e of the heat extraction device; Figure 8 shows the line showing the annual cycle of atmospheric energy supply, and Figure 9 is a line showing the temperature course curve of the function of depth below the earth's surface in different seasons. It is a diagram.

FIG. 1a includes a heat extraction or supply layer 20 which is inherently well conductive. A device according to the invention is briefly described in which the layer is formed in a body 5 of low thermal conductivity. Arranged in a thermally coupled manner to an object. The layer 20 is thermally connected to, for example, the conduit 6a. In this conduit the heat transport medium flows from heat pump 3a to heat pump 3a ( (not shown) and in combination therewith generate heat from the heat generator 4a or the heat consumer 4a. It flows to the generator 4a or the heat consumer 4a.

Similarly, FIG. 1b shows a layer 20 which includes, for example, a power source at the end face of the edge 6b. A voltage is applied by 4b.

The heat generated along the edges of layer 20 by the voltage is transferred by the layer to the monoblock. be provided. Similarly, heat can be generated using a Peltier element (not shown). can be derived from objects of low conductivity by connecting them with an electric current.

According to the modified Fig. 2a, Fig. 2 shows a rock bed (λ-1.75 ~4.65 W/+++K) The basic structure of the mass absorption heat storage device configured above is As shown in vertical section or according to modified figure 2b, the ground or deposited right side 16 ( A vertical cross-section of the basic structure of a mass-absorbing heat storage device constructed on the Illustrated in the diagram.

The exposed rock bed is covered with dense cement (λ> 1.16-1.4 W/+nK). earth On the right side of the surface or sedimentation, compact the rock debris and use poor concrete 18 (λ~0.8W/ mK), and if j = then the second pipe laying surface 20. Diurnal heat storage with thermal conductivity λ-1,16~1-4W/+K The vessel 19 corresponds to the demand of a diurnal heat storage device, but has a thickness reaching at least 15 cva. A mass concrete plate reinforced with steel bars, made of high-density concrete with a quality Heat extraction/with thermal conductivity at least 100 times higher than the volume absorption heat storage block The heat exchange layer includes a heat transport liquid conduit 6 and a take-off surface that is thermally conductively connected to the conduit 6 for the heat transport liquid. A thermally conductive layer 22 is also formed which covers as completely as possible, both of which advantageously It is made of copper with a conductivity λ~400 W/mK.

In this way, a formation that can be called a heat storage (W≧rmeveiche) is formed. arise. Heat coming from the outside passes through the heat storage body 19 at λ~200~400W/1llK is reached in the material layer with a thermal conductivity of . For example, a layer in the form of an associated lamina 22 may be It is extremely thin, for example 0.1 to 1 mm. This layer slightly crosses the incoming heat. This cross-section can be derived in terms of λ and λ of the heat storage device in some direction. , taking into account the ratio of the metal, in particular Cu, to λ. This heat is transferred by forced convection Heat is absorbed and transferred to the water. Thus, the method of thermal diversion in any direction can be refined. becomes possible. The thermally conductive layer covers the underlying concrete as well as the It can be connected to concrete in a non-porous and thermally conductive manner. Heat extraction and export According to Figure 2a, the transfer from the carrier medium is selectively for atmospheric heat or geothermal heat. absorbed or accumulated in the plane of or in the two planes according to figure 2b. This can be done to capture the heat separately.

The surface absorbent coating layer 21 having a conductivity of λ to 1.2 W/mK serves as a trunk. Depending on the initial use requirements, e.g. traffic areas, etc. used, together with the underlying layer. can be configured. The thickness of this coating layer is determined by the surface temperature difference, i.e. temperature difference cannot be perceived on the tube or regenerator (e.g. (2K) It is possible to determine the degree of turbulence to be 20 minutes. The absorbing surface itself cannot be blackened, coated, or darkened. By the introduction of color additives and in some cases bituminous or dark colors Thick by 24 coats with natural stone! To better absorb l radiation can be formed.

Mass heat storage blocks require heat flow to flow essentially only at right angles to the absorber surface. For outward heat loss, made of expandable clay or another weatherproof insulation material. It can be insulated by a heat insulating member 23 (λ<0.6 W/rnK) on the opposite side. for the extraction of heat from adjacent structures at suitable depths. Therefore, insulation can be achieved.

When extracting heat from a heat storage device on the absorber surface due to too low an external temperature, This undesired heat flow may be automatically controlled by the intensity of the heat or radiation. , reduced by unrollable insulation coating 25 (λ < 0, 1 W/!IIK) can be done.

3a, 3b and 3c show an apparently two-dimensional arrangement in the mass-absorbing regenerator 5. 3 shows in plan view three different configurations of a heat exchanger forming an output layer; FIG. Dimensions of pipe , the time depends on the required throughput, in which case the pump energy is too high. The cross section and flow velocity >1 m/s should be well defined to prevent energy losses. be.

In order to optimally utilize latent and convective heat, the covering layer 21 or the corresponding covering may be In order to ensure the condensation on the surface of the cover 24 and the removal of water due to atmospheric phenomena, the surface must have a sufficient tendency to be as water-repellent as possible.

Figure 3a shows parallel flows in the same direction, i.e. feed inlet 26 from one side and counter flow. A heat exchanger with an opposite return outlet 27 is shown. Tichelmann mann) on both sides of a large cross-sectional area for forward/reverse guidance or pressure equalization A uniform flow through the recording device must be ensured by the connecting block. stomach. A uniform temperature increase occurs in the removal plane towards the outlet side. Therefore, heat The removal plate 22 can be completely covered flat.

In contrast, the case shown in Figure 3b has the same throughflow length and therefore requires no special cost. In the case of a hairpin-like recording device that guarantees the flow rate, the hairpin legs and Different temperature fields develop around the hairpin legs of the call and return flows. Therefore, thermal conductivity The layers 22 must be separated by 5~lQmn+ centered between the tubes 2 Double the field width of the thin plate by interconnecting 8° pairs of hairpins is possible.

Laying in a serpentine shape, according to Figure 3c, simplifies the coating of complex surfaces. Ru. However, the different temperature fields become significantly more complex and the absolutely necessary separation range of thin plates 28 makes it difficult to prevent individual temperature fields from influencing each other. do.

In the case of apparently three-dimensional heat extraction from a spatially unlimited rock-bed heat storage 15 In this case, this temperature field is of secondary importance compared to atmospheric heat extraction.

In the case of Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d, there are four variants of the heat exchanger. Shown in cross section. Generally, adjustable variations are made using commercially available steel pipes and copper sheets. According to Figures 4a and 4b, the shape is the cheapest and most adaptable. do. a tubular intermediate space or a thin plate 22 which absorbs heat and supplies it to the heat exchange tube 6a; The effective width is the thickness necessary for heat transport of the thin plate 22, that is, the conductivity of the thin plate 22 λ-40 0), that is, the ultimate tubular intermediate space 1000+I+n or 20011 1m or tube effective range 40m, half distance of tube axis excluding 30TAm 500 mm 100+nm - Thin plate effective width 460mm Thin plate thickness for 70+nm is approximately 〉1.2 koso〽〉0.2!1lttr.

The thermally conductive connection with the liquid conduit configured as tube 6 has a thickness of 0.15 to 0.4I. corresponding longitudinally or laterally bonded in the form of a "continuous" thermally conductive layer 22 of This can be ensured by good coverage with strips. smooth thin plate , especially for joining materials by welding or brazing as pre-industrial products. It can also be combined with the tube 6a. The tubular intermediate space and the thickness of the lamina can be used for various purposes. The local material and manufacturing costs can be optimized accordingly for the case of In this case, the small tubular intermediate space is particularly suitable for unidirectional parallel tubular recording devices. It is.

FIG. 4c shows a preferred internally reinforced web or distance spacer. A flat rectangular box 29 is shown which produces a strong flow formation, and the strength of this rectangular box is , guaranteed for the first time by solidified concrete.

FIG. 4d shows that the strips are not welded to each other and that there are still enough A double-layer welded sheet metal whose flow-through cross-section 30 is enlarged in a tubular manner, so-called low A coupling element is shown. In the case of this heat exchanger, the conductive tube 6a and the thin plate 22 are combined.

These conductive tubes and lamellas are flat, according to Fig. 3a, through which flow is primarily unidirectional. The heat flowing into the absorber surface, which is suitable for recording devices, consists of solar radiation, latent heat, and Depends on solar radiation in conjunction with surface temperature convection heat.

This heat is determined in quantity to a large extent by the local climate and the cooling efficiency of the collector.

For example, SMA's magazine "Climadate 7 Your D" ・Energ ietechnik) July 1981 to June 1985” Maximum daily solar radiation and solar radiation throughout the year relative to the majority of geographic locations Even if the values and daily and weekly average values are known, the It is only possible to predetermine the important extraction efficiency of the location. That is, 1 in a climatically favorable location (maize maturity guaranteed for cob maturity) The extraction efficiency can be determined based on the above data of 00Wrn-2.

vary rapidly in time over large scales and are substantially dependent on local location , latent heat under dew conditions, heat of water and heat of air due to atmospheric phenomena transferred convectively. supply makes it impossible to assess the total atmospheric energy supply.

The diurnal period of the external heat supply is shifted by the inherent inertia of the absorber circuit according to Fig. 5. A sufficiently large mass that moves in time depending on the loading rate of the mass regenerator according to Figure 6. be done. It is best to move towards the outside air minimum at the maximum extraction for 10 to 12 hours. If the heat extraction is limited, it is possible to use the rock bed heat storage 15 itself, and artificial Sufficient heat storage capacity can be guaranteed with the daily cycle heat storage device 19. Both sides of the device According to Figure 7 a, b, c, d, e, the effectiveness of the There is. According to FIG. 7a, no heat is extracted.

Device I is out of operation. The total atmospheric energy absorbed is given by Figure 2a. If so, it flows into the rock bed heat storage 15 or into the diurnal heat storage 19 and a small amount of mass and into the ground or sedimentary rock surface 16 (FIG. 2b). When the unloading device is in operation In some cases, according to Figure 7b, it is possible to extract only a part of the absorbed energy. According to Figure 7c, the total energy can be extracted, and then b) If so, the excess amount is transferred to the heat storage.

Fully removed in case of insufficient absorption and partially empty regenerator This is shown in Figure 7d. Atmospheric energy in the annual cycle according to Figure 8 If the supply of geothermal energy is so small that it cannot be used, it is still possible to use only geothermal heat according to Figure 7e. can be used. Heat loss through the absorber surface is prevented by the insulating lid 25. can do. There is a wide extraction surface below the diurnal heat storage according to Figure 2b. If so, heat is extracted from it.

Unit surface from rock bed heat storage 15 or deposited right surface 16 based on thermal conductivity and heat capacity Predetermining the geothermal heat that can be taken out per product is based on the uniformity of the heat storage mass. This uniformity and isotropy is the prerequisite for This is only given in special cases; in general, the rock bed is curved and , anisotropic and sometimes veined, with different densities, ground and sedimentary surfaces without expensive soil samples containing water and related to thermophysical properties. is almost impossible to evaluate. In fact, extracting atmospheric energy anyway Therefore, existing heat exchangers can be utilized to the maximum. Selected for template The selected extraction efficiency of 100WII+-2 is due to its high thermal conductivity and large heat capacity. would be sufficient in the case of

The mass absorber-heat exchanger 5 preferably flows in the form of a passage floor part or a support lid part and It can also be used to extract heat from wastewater. Fully highly loadable For example, it is impossible to complete pre-strengthened concrete parts in a factory. , a slight form strength that can only be sufficiently increased by the bonding process of the surrounding concrete. This makes it possible to introduce a special heat exchanger-take-off layer with a conduit system 6a of 100 degrees. complete For component parts, the heat exchanger is particularly well protected, including the forward flow/retrograde connection distribution box. and a thermally conductive composite with concrete is guaranteed.

Limited efficiency in areas with sufficient dew surface without intensive vegetation growth. (30~80W/m2) extraction layer with a slight thermal conductivity (λ-0,3~0.7) Introducing into the ground can be economical.

The extraction surface exposed at a depth of 20-50 cm can be used, for example, with concentric longitudinal tubular recording. Ground construction (2X1 mm, 0.5 5 mm) can be coated as a heat storage. Continue to take The layer is covered with excavated soil to form humus and plants are planted therein.

In connection with the above, it arises to manufacture the heating device described, which requires In relation to the member, the following qualitative knowledge arises: 1. The temperature wave at depth X as a distance from the measured free absorber surface, and thus Temperature fluctuations are provided by the coating according to FIG.

2. Diurnal periodicity of the energy absorbed by the free absorber surface (daily cycle ), as can be seen in Figures 5 and 6, for example. , the liquid conduit system shall be laid with a depth of the value of decimeters. This desi In order to specify the value of m, the desired phase shift (Figure 5) should be taken into account. , and this phase shift depends on the frequency of the excitation temperature fluctuation as well as the thermal conductivity of the absorbing regenerator material. Depends on.

V is the frequency, t is the time, X is the depth, and a is the thermal conductivity In the case, this phase shift is expressed by the relation: characterized by The phase movement is maintained as X increases, frequency η increases, and The thermal conductivity λ of the absorbing heat storage material increases as it decreases.

The thermal energy required and to be extracted is at the selected introduction depth In particular, the problems of dimensioning free absorber surfaces and liquid conduit systems and their free This raises questions about the structure and nature of the absorber surface and liquid conduit system.

Other edge conditions include selecting the introduction depth X if the temperature limit is defined at this depth should be taken into consideration when In this case, covering the temperature waves of the diurnal cycle is the ninth As in the case of the annual cycle shown in the diagram, it is possible to generate an introduction range in which the above-mentioned limit value can be predicted. Jiru. On the ordinate axis of temperature in °C, data 31.1. ．． 30.4°, 31.7 ．． and 3], 10. The temperature curve depending on the distance from the ground is described for There is.

3. To optimally utilize the annual cycle of energy absorbed by the free absorber surface. In order to achieve this, the introduction depth It is effective to select

It is clear that in this case the issue of energy storage capacity is far more important. It is.

However, in this case, if the introduction depth In some cases, pristine ground can be considered.

4. Due to the above considerations, from a purely industrial point of view, by at least one of the number of periods. A corresponding number of liquid conduit systems in relation to the absorption of energy from the free atmosphere on different ground It turns out that providing at depth may be effective. This number includes diurnal and annual cycles. There will be 2 each for one of the periods. These two periods are combined into other periods by interference. It remains to be seen whether replenishment will become important in the future.

The factors that give rise to the chosen solution, which essentially affect the whole problem, are the engineering Rather than industrially constant 7 actors, purely economic factors such as material costs, These include wages, building regulations, and the environment. These factors are constantly changing, so Other implementations are constantly available through optimization.

All details and features shown in the specification and/or drawings These permutations, combinations and variations are inventions, and in particular the details The parts and individual features have the value n=1-n-■.

The power of the 4th eye Opening (h) 6 minutes (h) FIG.6 FI6.9 Submission of translation of written amendment (Article 184-7, Paragraph 1 of the Patent Law) November 8, 1988 Commissioner of the Patent Office City 1) Mr. Moon Takeshi 1. International application number PC! T10H88/○0060 2. Name of the invention 3. Patent applicant Address Switzerland 8714 Felt/ζ brim Dart Rosenberg (Street address none〕 Name Messner, Kasno ξ-leau, Bar.

Nationality: Switzerland 4. Agent〒100 August 31, 1986 6. List of attached documents The scope of the claims 1. supplying heat to an object in one or more essentially parallel planes; or extracting heat from an object in one or more essentially parallel planes and each finite or any heat transport layer using at least one heat transport layer to introduced or conducted in an object with a low thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/mK of infinite size. a heat flow according to at least one of the claims; In the device, the layer is made of a material that has a higher thermal conductivity than the object, and this material thermally coupled to the object and the layer is used for heat extraction or heat supply through the heat transport medium. Although it is closed within the individual transport field formed depending on the type, it is different from other heat transport layers. introduced or derived in a body of low thermal conductivity, characterized by being separated A device according to at least one claim for generating a heat flow of .

2. The thermal conductivity of the layer is at least 50 times the thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductivity object; A device according to claim 1, in particular at least one claim, such as claim 1.

3. The device is connected to a solid/liquid heat exchanger that conducts a heat transport liquid; The energy consuming device is supplied via a circulation line system (6a), in particular with a circulation pump. or an energy generator (4a), such as a preparation device or a heat pump. and the heat exchanger/evaporator section of the device is connected to the aforementioned heat transfer liquid guide. or directly formed by a heat exchanger built into an object of low thermal conductivity. in particular at least one clause of the claims, such as in claim 1 or 2. equipment.

4. The device has a Peltier element or a Geniere resistive element (6b) for heat transport. connected to the in particular at least one clause of the claims, such as in claim 1 or 2. equipment.

5. A small area that creates a connection between the heat flow in the object and the heat exchanger system, which should be called a heat storage. The cross-sectional area Qww of at least one layer is the equation corresponds to a higher conductivity λ□ given by QthMb□, in which case QthMb□ Claims representing the cross-sectional area of the heat flow to be adjusted in a solid with conductivity λth Mb+ Especially in at least one term of, for example, any one of the terms M1 to 4 equipment.

6. A surrounding solid of low thermal conductivity and a thermally conductive material that acts as a heat storage. at least one layer is made of a highly thermally conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, etc. aluminum, silver, gold and/or alloys of these metals, aluminides, silicides, carbon made of plastics with elementary species and/or high thermal conductivity; In particular at least one clause of the claims, for example any one of clauses 1 to 5 Item 1: Equipment at J2 station.

7. Casting metals of high thermal conductivity with more highly conductive layers forming reservoirs, e.g. For example, metals made of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and their alloys. In particular, at least one term in the desired range, for example, any one of the first to fifth terms. Equipment described in Section.

8. The layer called high conductivity heat storage is made of powdered or granular material, e.g. Copper, aluminum, silver, gold, plastic types, aluminide and/or silicification The material is introduced in a layer-forming manner and subsequently processed, e.g. by sintering, reactive crosslinking, etc. In particular at least one clause of the claims formed by post-processing , for example the device according to any one of paragraphs 81 to 5.

9. If the object used at the thermal interface for heat exchange is located almost parallel to this plane, Combined with a heat exchanger to be highly conductive, especially thermally conductive, acting as a heat storage In particular at least one of the claims, e.g. Apparatus according to any one of clauses up to clause 8.

10. Heat storage with one device according to at least one claim in particular for heat exchange at thermal interfaces in equipment for accumulating or acquiring Objects with low thermal conductivity used in both cases for heat collectors or present sequentially in the direction of heat flow for the purpose of selectively capturing heat flow for operation of the heat storage , characterized by having multiple layers of higher thermal conductivity that act as heat storage Accumulating heat with one device according to at least one claim in particular or the equipment to acquire it.

11. The recording device is placed in a layer that acts as a heat storage, in which the tubes conducting the heat transport liquid are highly conductive. Particularly less of the claims, having an intermediate space of 5 to 120c+n, such as 10. A device having both a device according to item 10.

12. Method for operating the device according to at least one claim. , the average velocity of the liquid is expressed by the relation where V represents the total circulation volume and F represents the total cross-sectional area of the conduit system. and the average speed is less than or equal to l++ l/s. Law.

13. Method for operating the device according to at least one claim. , an object with low thermal conductivity and a somewhat infinite size can be used as a heat storage device with high heat transfer. Effectively in both cases loading or extracting heat by heat supply above the conductive layer A method of operating equipment characterized by unloading it.

14. Method for operating an apparatus according to at least one claim. , an object of low thermal conductivity of finite size can be used to supply or extract heat. In both cases, heat can be effectively released to the surroundings or radiated by controlling the interface temperature. operation of equipment, characterized in that it can be absorbed as heat, contact heat or latent heat; Conversion.

15. A mass having heat storage capacity, particularly as described in at least one claim. Transfers heat from the absorber to one or more planes (2) transverse to the natural heat flow. 0) above the pristine ground for extraction and transfer onto the liquid heat transport medium An outdoor mass with heat storage capacity that has a heat extraction/heat exchange system configured in Heat extraction/heat exchange in equipment that captures atmospheric heat and geothermal heat with an absorber The system (6a, 22) consists of one material, and the thermal conductivity of this material is λ>200 W/mK, and this material is thermally conductive to the concrete sealing said layer. The extraction layer forms a heat transport medium depending on the type of heat extraction. Closed within the temperature zone but separated from other extraction surfaces within the same extraction plane. A device for acquiring atmospheric heat and geothermal heat.

+6. Heat exchange connection with concrete (21) and/or ground (15, 16) conduits for guiding liquids introduced into the concrete and/or ground Thermal energy encompassing pristine ground (15, 16) with system (6a) Heat extraction according to at least one claim, having a power storage (5) (2), in which the conduit system (6a) consists of one material; The thermal conductivity of the material is λ〉200W　/rn　K, and this conduit system (6a) is closed. at least one extraction layer (22) which is coated or reticulated and is thermally conductive. In this case, this extraction layer is connected to the concrete material surrounding this layer. or have a thermal conductivity that is at least 80 to 100 times higher than that of the ground material. Heat extraction according to in particular at least one clause of the claims, characterized in that it has A device having parts.

+7. The thermal storage capacity of the thermal storage block is compatible with the fluctuations in heat supply and heat demand at certain times of the day. , i.e. higher heat supply and Temporally staggered heat extraction results in lower nighttime temperatures or lower rates commensurate with demand. It is possible to heat the flow directly or to load a hot water storage The device R according to at least one claim.

18. Traffic surfaces, such as highways, roads, ramps, stairs, and military garrison roads, are heat storage blocks. The heat storage block is configured as Acts as a heat collector/storage for air heat and provides heat for home heating or water heating and extracting or returning heat from the heat storage to compensate for daily fluctuations in heat demand. of the claims characterized by simultaneous capture capacity and thermal conductivity for the purpose of making possible In particular the device according to at least one clause.

19. If the absorbing layer exposed to free air is a radiation absorber, especially a black surface, e.g. Blackening, coating, bituminous coating, dark concrete aggregate, 2-20cm, Particularly dark colored with thermal conductivity λ > 0, 8 W/rnK with a thickness of 6-8 cm It has good moisture resistance against water due to artificial stone coating or natural stone coating and 16~ according to particularly at least one of the claims, which is configured with an inclination of 5°. Device.

20. The flow of air over free surfaces is advantageously caused by existing building exhaust Guaranteed by ventilation or forming an intake guide A device according to particularly at least one of the claims herein.

21. The absorbing coating layer on the heat extraction plane has λ = 1.0 to 1.4 W/rnK. In particular at least one item of the claims consisting of concrete having thermal conductivity The device described in.

22. The thickness of the coating layer absorbed on the tube leading the heat transport liquid reduces the amount of heat flowing through the heat transport liquid. 2crn~40 to reduce surface temperature differences within the tangential working range of the exchanger A device according to particularly at least one of the claims, wherein the device is between cr.

23, the coating layer (21) has a thermal conductivity of λ〉l~V/mK below the heat extraction plane. thermally conductively connected to the rock bed (15) by a concrete filling (17); A device according to particularly at least one of the claims.

24. Ground or sedimentary rock surface (I6) with thermal conductivity λ〈0.8~V/mK　 Especially from concrete or massive brickwork (19) on a ground base consisting of to ensure that the artificial diurnal heat storage is sufficient in heat capacity commensurate with the heat storage requirements. Particularly less of the claimed invention is introduced with a thickness of at least 15c++1 for the purpose of Apparatus according to at least one clause.

25, for coating the free surface (31), e.g. thermally and/or optically controlled Particularly in accordance with the claims, the invention is provided with an automatically insulating covering (25), which Apparatus according to at least one clause.

26, the passage is tubular, the tubes (6) are connected in parallel and in particular the extraction layer ( 22) in a thermally conductive manner. Apparatus according to paragraph 1.

27. The tube ends open into a collector, which ensures uniform loading of the tubes (6) In particular in at least one of the claims dimensioned as a reservoir for the purpose The device described.

28. At least a part of the side wall of the heat storage device (17, 19, 21) having an extraction plane Particularly in the claims, the at least one part is at least partially insulated (23). Apparatus according to paragraph 1.

29. Mechanical, pneumatic and and/or a distal opening of the sump connected to the forward and retrograde flow by a hydraulic expansion. consisting of double laminates welded together so as to create passages for conducting the heat exchange liquid with A device according to particularly at least one of the claims.

30. The extraction layer has one or more flat booklets for passing the heat exchange liquid. A web or internal tube connected to a qualitatively rectangular tube, which this tube advantageously divides A device according to particularly at least one of the claims, reinforced by.

31. The heat storage layer (19) is 15 to 80 cm, for example 18 to 50 cm, depending on the case. is 30 cm, in particular 20 cta thick and consists of concrete. Apparatus according to particularly at least one section of the subclause.

32. The heat storage device (19) has a passage for conducting the heat exchange liquid, and in that case, if Particularly in at least one of the claims, the passageway may be present at different depths. Equipment described in Section.

33. The absorber/regenerator is made of preformed concrete with passages for heat exchange liquid. constructed from concrete board, sheathed concrete board or reinforced concrete board. A device according to at least one of the claims.

34, in particular in at least one of the claims, In a heat storage device for a device that obtains heat, for example, a heat transfer rate of 0.5 to 5 W/πK is required. Solids with conductivity and essentially flat closed surfaces, especially brickwork, concrete or a rock bed and said solid closed body having a thermal conductivity of 200 to 400 W/+++. a layer of material thermally conductively coupled to the chain surface, the solid and material layer being The amount of heat flowing from the solid to the closed surface is conducted into the material layer, in particular essentially parallel to the surface. In particular, at least one clause of the claims is characterized in that the object is to heat storage.

35, 20~200W/! given by the heat extraction system! Atmospheric heat with the efficiency of N2 To obtain the surface temperature, the respective air temperature during solar radiation and solar radiation, large The latent heat draw is 2 to ~7°K lower than the dew point or temperature of water due to atmospheric phenomena. Particularly in at least one of the claims characterized in that the temperature is controlled at a temperature at which the The method described in one section.

36. Dew surface that is not or is not used in phytoculture; For example, heat can be extracted from grass, and the base layer, such as the ground, sedimentary rock surfaces, and rock beds, can be It is used as a heat storage device, and in this case, the extraction layer is 5 to 50 cm deep to prevent surface heat loss even at extremely low outside temperatures. A method according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that:

37. Heat from groundwater or wastewater flows is absorbed by the arrangement of mass absorbers (19, 21). In particular, claims characterized in that they are utilized above, during or below such streams. A method according to at least one section.

38. Civil engineering buildings, such as river channels, water tanks, quays, weirs, retaining walls, and external separation walls. Use of a device according to in particular at least one of the claims.

39. Non-gold for processing technological, chemical, biochemical and/or biological methods in thick-walled containers made of metal and/or as used for example in the case of nuclear equipment. A device that controls the heat balance or the supply and/or withdrawal of heat in a so-called storage object. in which at least one layer acting as a heat storage has a low total thermal conductivity. Forms a thermal bridge for the heat exchanger on and/or within the vessel wall controlling the heat balance or the supply and/or withdrawal of heat, characterized by Device.

40. Characterize the heat balance of mechanical parts that generate heat losses or that are to be heated to operating temperature. In the device according to at least one of the claims, the regenerator is small. Forming a thermal bridge to the heat exchanger inside a component with a low overall thermal conductivity m-acid part to generate heat loss or to be heated to operating temperature, characterized in that Device according to at least one claim, characterized in that the heat balance of the material is characterized by a heat balance of the material.

41. Particularly at least one clause of the claims characterized by the temperature in the electrical component In the device described in , the copper, silver or gold layer acting as a heat storage Characterized by forming a thermal bridge to a resistive element or a Peltier element , the temperature in the electrical component. equipment.

42, heat extraction capacity and use as an ice sports field, for example. In order to make effective use of the surface in two cases, there is a small amount near the surface that acts as a heat storage. Particularly in the claims having at least one extraction layer π/CM B8100060 International Search Report international search report C) l　εacco6゜

Claims (40)

[Claims] 1. supplying heat to an object in one or more essentially parallel planes; or extracting heat from an object in one or more essentially parallel planes and each finite or any heat transport layer using at least one heat transport layer to introduced or conducted in an object with a low thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/mK of infinite size. in particular as defined in at least one of the claims for generating a heat flow to emit In the device, the layer is made of a material that has a higher thermal conductivity than the object, and this material thermally coupled to the object and the layer is used for heat extraction or heat supply through the heat transport medium. Although it is closed within the individual transport field formed depending on the type, it is different from other heat transport layers. introduced or derived in a body of low thermal conductivity, characterized by being separated A device for generating a heat flow, in particular as claimed in at least one of the claims. 2. the thermal conductivity of the layer is at least 50 times more thermally conductive than an object of lower thermal conductivity; A device according to claim 1, in particular at least one claim, such as claim 1. 3. The device is connected to a solid/liquid heat exchanger that conducts a heat transfer liquid; The supply is carried out in particular via a circulating line (6a) with circulating bombs to the energy consuming device. or carried out in an energy generator (4a), e.g. a preparation device or a heat bomb. , whether the heat exchanger/evaporator section of the device is connected to the heat transfer liquid guide described above. or directly formed by a heat exchanger built into an object with low thermal conductivity. in particular at least one clause of the claims, e.g. Device. 4. The device is connected to a Berthier element or a Joule resistance element (6b) for heat transport. connected to the in particular at least one clause of the claims, e.g. Device. 5. A small amount of heat that creates a connection between the heat flow in the object and the heat exchanger system should be called a heat storage. The cross-sectional area QWW of at least one layer is the equation The higher conductivity shown by QWW≧(QthMbl・(λth　Mbl/λWW)) Corresponds to the electrical conductivity λWW, and in this case QthMbl is the small specific conductivity λthMbl. In particular at least one of the claims represents the cross-sectional area of the heat flow to be adjusted in the solid. The device according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 4, for example paragraphs 1 to 4. 6. At least one layer acting as a heat storage is made of a metal semi-finished product, e.g. with high thermal conductivity thin sheets of metallic materials, especially copper, aluminium, silver or gold and their alloys, Formed from tubes, these metal semi-finished products have low thermal conductivity, with a surrounding solid In particular at least one clause of the claims, such as The device according to any one of items 1 to 5. 7. Casting metals of high thermal conductivity with a more highly conductive layer forming a heat storage, e.g. For example, metals made of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and their alloys. In particular, at least one term in the desired range, for example, any one of the first to fifth terms. Equipment described in Section. 8. In the object, a layer called a heat storage with high conductivity is completed by powder metallurgy. Copper, aluminum, silver or gold in the form of metal powders or alloy powders to form layers. manufactured in order to obtain the required thermal conductivity by introducing the Particularly at least one of the claims is formed by at least one layer of Apparatus according to a paragraph, for example any one of paragraphs 1 to 5. 9. If the object used at the thermal interface for heat exchange is located almost parallel to this plane, Combined with a heat exchanger to be highly conductive, especially thermally conductive, acting as a heat storage In particular at least one of the claims, e.g. Apparatus according to any one of clauses up to clause 8. 10. Heat storage with one device according to at least one claim in particular for heat exchange at thermal interfaces in equipment for accumulating or acquiring Objects with low thermal conductivity used in both cases for heat collectors or present sequentially in the direction of heat flow for the purpose of selectively capturing heat flow for operation of the heat storage , characterized by having multiple layers of higher thermal conductivity that act as heat storage , in particular at least one of the claims. equipment for obtaining or acquiring information. 11. The recording device is placed in a layer that acts as a heat storage, where the tubes conducting the heat transport liquid are highly conductive. In particular, at least one of the claims comprises an intermediate space of 5 to 120 cm, such as a 10. A device having also one device according to paragraph 10. 12. Method for operating a device according to at least one claim in particular , the average velocity of the liquid is expressed by the relation ω=V/F where V represents the total circulation volume and F represents the total cross-sectional area of the conduit system. and the average speed is 1 m/s or less. 13. Method for operating a device according to at least one claim in particular , an object with low thermal conductivity and a somewhat infinite size can be used as a heat storage device with high heat transfer. Effectively in both cases loading or extracting heat by heat supply above the conductive layer A method of operating equipment characterized by unloading it. 14. Method for operating a device according to at least one claim in particular , an object of low thermal conductivity of finite size can be used to supply or extract heat. In both cases, heat can be effectively released to the surroundings or radiated by controlling the interface temperature. operation of equipment, characterized in that it can be absorbed as heat, contact heat or latent heat; Conversion. 15. A mass having a heat storage capacity, particularly as defined in at least one section of the claims. Transfers heat from the absorber to one or more planes (2) transverse to the natural heat flow. 0) above the pristine ground for extraction and transfer onto the liquid heat transport medium An outdoor mass with heat storage capacity that has a heat extraction/heat exchange system configured in Heat extraction/heat exchange in equipment that captures atmospheric heat and geothermal heat with an absorber The system (6a, 22) consists of one material, and the thermal conductivity of this material is λ>200w/ mK, and this material is thermally conductive with the concrete sealing said layer. The individual temperature at which the extraction layer forms a heat transport medium depending on the type of heat extraction closed within the area but separated from other extraction surfaces within the same extraction plane. A device for acquiring atmospheric heat and geothermal heat. 16. Heat exchange connections with concrete (21) and/or ground (15.16) conduits for guiding liquids introduced into the concrete and/or ground Thermal energy encompassing pristine ground (15, 16) with threads (6a) Heat extraction according to at least one claim, having a power storage (5) (2), in which the conduit system (6a) consists of one material; The thermal conductivity of the material is λ > 200 W/mK, and this conduit thread (6a) is closed. at least one extraction layer (22) in the form of a reticulated or reticulated material, so as to be thermally conductive; bonded, in which case this extraction layer is connected to the concrete material surrounding this layer or have a thermal conductivity that is at least 80 to 100 times higher than that of ground materials Heat extraction part according to at least one claim of the claims, characterized in that: A device with 17. The thermal storage capacity of the thermal storage block is compatible with the fluctuations in heat supply and heat demand at certain times of the day. , i.e. higher heat supply and Temporally staggered heat extraction results in lower nighttime temperatures or lower rates commensurate with demand. It is possible to heat the flow directly or to load a hot water storage Apparatus according to particularly at least one of the claims. 18. Traffic surfaces, such as highways, roads, ramps, stairs, and parking surfaces, are heat storage blocks. The heat storage block is configured as Acts as an air heat collector/storage and provides heat for home heating or water preheating and extracting or returning heat from the heat storage to compensate for daily fluctuations in heat demand. Claims also having at the same time a scavenging capacity and a thermal conductivity for the purpose of enabling A device according to at least one clause of . 19. If the absorbing layer exposed to the free atmosphere is a radiation absorber, especially a black surface, e.g. Blackening, coating, bituminous coating, dark concrete aggregate, 2-20cm, Dark colored artificial stone coating with thermal conductivity λ > 0.8 W/mK especially for thicknesses of 6-8 cm Or, it has good moisture resistance to water due to natural stone coating and slopes at 1° to 5°. A device according to at least one of the claims, wherein the device is constructed as follows. 20. The flow of air over free surfaces is advantageous in the presence of artificial ventilation in buildings. Guaranteed by ventilation or forming an intake guide A device according to particularly at least one of the claims herein. 21. The absorbing coating layer on the heat extraction plane has a heat transfer rate of λ = 1.0 to 1.4 W/mK. Particularly in at least one of the claims, consisting of concrete having conductivity. equipment. 22. The thickness of the coating layer absorbed on the tube leading the heat transport liquid absorbs the heat flowing through the heat transport liquid. 2cm to 40c to reduce the surface temperature difference within the direct working range of the exchanger The device according to in particular at least one of the claims, wherein the device is between m. 23. The coating layer (21) has a thermal conductivity of λ>1W/mK below the heat extraction plane. thermally conductively connected to the rock bed (15) by a cleat fill (17); A device according to particularly at least one of the claims. 24. Made of ground or sedimentary rock surface (16) with thermal conductivity λ<0.8 W/mK. especially consisting of concrete or massive brickwork (19) on a ground base layer Aim to ensure that the artificial diurnal heat storage is sufficient in heat capacity commensurate with the heat storage requirements. In particular, at least one of the claims is introduced with a thickness of at least 15 cm Apparatus according to section 1. 25. For coating the free surface (31), e.g. thermal control and/or light control Particularly in accordance with the claims, the invention is provided with an automatically insulating covering (25), which Apparatus according to at least one clause. 26. The channel is tubular, the tubes (6) are connected in parallel and in particular the extraction layer ( 22) in a thermally conductive manner. Apparatus according to section 1. 27. The tube ends open into a collector, which ensures uniform loading of the tubes (6). In particular in at least one of the claims, which is dimensioned as a reservoir for the purpose The device described. 28. At least a part of the side wall of the heat storage device (17, 19, 21) having an extraction plane Particularly in the claims, the at least one part is at least partially insulated (23). Apparatus according to section 1. 29. The extraction layers (6, 22) are welded together in two lines, between which the heat extraction Tubularly expanded (30) to direct percolate fluid, connected for forward and retrograde flow A device according to at least one of the claims, comprising a laminate made of metal. 30. The extraction layer consists of one or more rectangular, possibly web or internal A wall portion of a heat extraction liquid passage (29) divided by a section pipe. A device according to at least one clause of . 31. The heat storage layer (19) is 15 to 80 cm, for example 18 to 50 cm, depending on the case. is 30 cm, in particular 20 cm thick and consists of concrete. A device according to at least one clause of . 32. The heat storage device (19) has passages for conducting the heat exchange liquid, and in this case, if Particularly in at least one of the claims, the passageway may be present at different depths. Equipment described in Section. 33. The absorber/regenerator is made of preformed concrete with channels for heat exchange fluid. constructed from concrete board, sheathed concrete board or reinforced concrete board. A device according to at least one of the claims. 34. In particular atmospheric heat and earth heat as defined in at least one claim In a heat storage device for a device to obtain heat, for example, a heat conduction of 0.5 to 5 W/mK Solids with an essentially flat closed surface with a or a rock bed and a closed surface of the solid having a thermal conductivity of 200 to 400 W/mK. a layer of material thermally conductively bonded to the solid body and the layer of material; The amount of heat flowing from the closed surface to the closed surface is conducted into the material layer, in particular essentially parallel to the surface. The storage according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that Heater. 35. Atmospheric heat is extracted with an efficiency of 20 to 200 W/m2 given by the heat extraction system. In order to obtain the surface temperature, solar radiation and the respective air temperature during solar radiation, atmospheric The draw of latent heat by 2°K to 7°K lower than the dew point or melting point of water due to the phenomenon In particular, at least The method described in one section. 36. dew areas that are not or are not used phytoculturally; For example, heat can be extracted from grass, and the base layer, such as the ground, sedimentary rock surfaces, and rock beds, can be It is used as a heat storage device, and in this case, the extraction layer is 5 to 50 cm deep to prevent surface heat loss even at extremely low outside temperatures. The method according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that: . 37. Heat from groundwater or wastewater streams is absorbed by the arrangement of mass absorbers (19, 21). Claimed features characterized in that they are utilized above, during or below such flow. The method according to at least one section. 38. For civil engineering buildings, such as river channels, water tanks, quays, weirs, retaining walls, and external separation walls. Use of a device according to in particular at least one of the claims. 39. Control the heat balance of mechanical parts that generate heat losses or that must be heated to operating temperature. In the device according to particularly at least one of the claims, the heat storage device Forms a thermal bridge for the heat exchanger inside components with low overall thermal conductivity A machine that generates heat loss or is to be heated to operating temperature, characterized by Device according to at least one of the claims for controlling the heat balance of a component. 40. In particular at least one of the claims for controlling the temperature in an electrical component In the device described in paragraph 1, the copper, silver or gold layer acting as a heat accumulator is It is characterized by forming a thermal bridge to a Le resistance element or a Berthier element. In particular at least one clause of the claims for controlling the temperature in an electrical component The device described in.