JPH01503085A - How to determine the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys - Google Patents
How to determine the quantitative content of mixtures in alloysInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01503085A JPH01503085A JP62504972A JP50497287A JPH01503085A JP H01503085 A JPH01503085 A JP H01503085A JP 62504972 A JP62504972 A JP 62504972A JP 50497287 A JP50497287 A JP 50497287A JP H01503085 A JPH01503085 A JP H01503085A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- content
- sample
- mixture
- alloy
- crystallization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
- G01N33/2028—Metallic constituents
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。 (57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 合金中の混合物の定量的含量の決定方法技術分野 本発明は金属の研究のための手段、より詳しくは合金における混合物の定量的含 量の決定方法に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] How to determine the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys Technical field The present invention provides a means for the study of metals, more particularly the quantitative inclusion of mixtures in alloys. Concerning how to determine quantities.
従来技術 従来、熱的分析に基づいて、合金中の混合物の含量を追跡する方法が広く知られ ている。Conventional technology Traditionally, a widely known method for tracking the content of mixtures in alloys is based on thermal analysis. ing.
任意の定速で冷却される知られた炭素含量及び知られない炭素含量ををする金属 試料の相転移間の時間の比が比較されることよりなる液体鋼の炭素含量及び温度 の決定方法が知られている（ＳＵ、Ａ、８６４１２５）。この従来法は、先ず第 一に、冷却速度が一定であるという要請は液体状態にある金属試料の範囲内にお いてのみ満足され、又、外的冷却条件によって確実にされるということを特徴と する。相転移の範囲において、即ち結晶化時には、金属試料の冷却速度は、冷却 の外的条件及び結晶化時の放熱の内的条件に応じて異なる。相転移間の温度間隔 に比例する相転移間の時間は結晶化の過程が相転移の各段階に非−平衡である度 合に応じて異なる。この場合において相転移の過程における温度間隔は不変の炭 素含量を有する合金において厳密には一定ではない。該欠点は鉄−炭素合金にお ける炭素含量を決定する精度を低下させる。更に、この方法は限られた応用性を 有するに過ぎず、液体鋼中の炭素含量を決定するためにのみ用いられるものであ る。Metals with known and unknown carbon content cooled at any constant rate Carbon content and temperature of the liquid steel from which the ratio of time between phase transitions of the samples is compared A method for determining is known (SU, A, 864125). This conventional method first First, the requirement that the cooling rate be constant is within the range of metal samples in the liquid state. characterized in that it is satisfied only by do. In the range of phase transitions, i.e. during crystallization, the cooling rate of the metal sample is It varies depending on the external conditions of the crystallization and the internal conditions of heat dissipation during crystallization. Temperature interval between phase transitions The time between phase transitions is proportional to It depends on the case. In this case, the temperature interval during the phase transition process remains unchanged. It is not strictly constant in alloys with elemental content. This drawback lies in iron-carbon alloys. reduce the accuracy of determining the carbon content of Furthermore, this method has limited applicability. It is used only to determine the carbon content in liquid steel. Ru.
相転移の温度が測定され、ケイ素含量が等量の混合物を含有するが、しかし、異 なった速度で冷却される液体合金の二つの試料の固相線温度間の相違から決定さ れることよりなる鉄−炭素合金中のケイ素の含量の決定方法が知られている（Ｓ Ｕ、Ａ、３８１９９６）。The temperature of the phase transition was measured and the silicon content contained mixtures with equal but different amounts. Determined from the difference between the solidus temperatures of two samples of a liquid alloy that are cooled at a rate of A method for determining the content of silicon in iron-carbon alloys is known by U, A, 381996).
この方法は合金中の混合物中の含量を決定する精度が固相線温度の絶対値を測定 する精度に応じて異なり、この精度が熱電対の検量特性及びそれらの不活性度に 応じて異なるという欠点を有し、更に両試料の冷却速度の差を数値形態で考慮に 入れることができず、その結果、温度測定データを方法の迅速性を高める計算設 備の助けを借りて処理することができない。This method measures the absolute value of the solidus temperature with accuracy to determine the content in the mixture in the alloy This accuracy depends on the calibration characteristics of the thermocouples and their inertness. However, the difference in the cooling rate of both samples is taken into account in numerical form. As a result, temperature measurement data cannot be stored in a calculation setup that increases the speed of the method. cannot be processed with the help of equipment.
発明の開示 本発明は測定パラメータを変化させ、及びそれぞれ合金中の混合物の含量に関連 する冷却及び結晶の過程における温度差を、液体金属の各試料の冷却速度を考慮 に入れ、且つ計算設備に頼りながら決定することにより、混合物の定量的含量の 決定の迅速性を確実にする合金中の混合物の定量的含量の決定方法の提供に向け られたものである。Disclosure of invention The invention changes the measurement parameters and, respectively, the content of the mixture in the alloy. Considering the temperature difference during the cooling and crystallization process, the cooling rate of each sample of liquid metal The quantitative content of the mixture can be determined by Toward providing a method for determining the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys that ensures rapidity of determination It is something that was given.
該目的は、温度が混合物の含量の知られた合金の液体試料について、冷却及び結 晶化の過程において測定され、及び混合物の含量が知られていない合金の液体試 料の温度が冷却及び結晶化の過程において測定されることよりなる合金の混合物 の定量的含量の決定方法において、本発明に従えば、合金のベースとしての役割 を果す純粋金属の液体試料の温度が冷却及び結晶化の過程において決定され、最 大温度差が純粋金属の試料について、混合物の含量が知られている合金の試料に ついて及び混合物の含量が知られていない合金の試料について結晶化の過程の終 りにおいて決定され、及び合金中の混合物の定量的含量を決定するために混合物 の含量が知られていない合金の試料に対する結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温 度差を純粋金属の試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差から差引き、及 び混合物の含量が知られている合金の試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温 度差を純粋金属の試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差から差引き、及 び第一の差の値対第二の値の比に混合物の含量が知られている合金の試料中の混 合物の量を乗じ、各試料に対する最大温度差としては結晶化の過程の完結時点に おける試料の真の温度とその同一時点に対する結晶化の潜熱の発生の不存在下に おいて計算された温度との差が採用されるという事実により達成される。The purpose is to cool and condense a liquid sample of an alloy of known mixture content at a temperature of Liquid samples of alloys that are measured in the process of crystallization and whose content in the mixture is unknown. mixture of alloys in which the temperature of the material is measured during the cooling and crystallization process According to the invention, in the method for determining the quantitative content of The temperature of a liquid sample of pure metal at which A large temperature difference is present for a sample of a pure metal, for a sample of an alloy with a known mixture content. At the end of the crystallization process for samples of alloys in which the mixture content is unknown. mixture to determine the quantitative content of the mixture in the alloy. Maximum temperature at the end of the crystallization process for a sample of an alloy with unknown content of The temperature difference is subtracted from the maximum temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process of a sample of pure metal, and The maximum temperature at the end of the crystallization process for a sample of an alloy with a known content of mixtures and The temperature difference is subtracted from the maximum temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process of a sample of pure metal, and and the ratio of the first difference value to the second value of the mixture in a sample of an alloy where the content of the mixture is known. Multiplying the amount of compound, the maximum temperature difference for each sample is calculated as the maximum temperature difference at the completion of the crystallization process. In the absence of the generation of latent heat of crystallization for that same point in time and the true temperature of the sample at This is achieved due to the fact that the difference between the temperature calculated at
又、合金中の混合物の定量的含量の決定方法において、純粋金属の試料に対する 、混合物の含量が知られている合金の試料に対する及び混合物の含量が知られて いない合金の試料に対する結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差が、それぞれ 結晶化の過程の終りにおける各試料の温度と、純粋金属の液体試料に対する、混 合物の含量が知られている合金の液体試料に対する、及び混合物の含量が知られ ていない液体試料に対する初期温度にその纂の負の指数が対応する液体試料の冷 却速度を特徴付ける係数と液体試料の初期温度に対応する時点から結晶化の過程 の終りにおける温度に対応する時点までの各試料の冷却時間の積である纂指数か ら計算された値との積の間の差として決定されることが好適である。In addition, in the method for determining the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys, , for a sample of an alloy where the content of the mixture is known and where the content of the mixture is known. The maximum temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process for samples of alloys without The temperature of each sample at the end of the crystallization process and the mixing ratio for a liquid sample of pure metal. For liquid samples of alloys whose content of compounds is known, and whose content of mixtures is known. Cooling of a liquid sample whose negative exponent corresponds to the initial temperature for a liquid sample that is not The coefficient characterizing the rate of cooling and the process of crystallization from the point corresponding to the initial temperature of the liquid sample The elongation index, which is the product of the cooling time of each sample to the point corresponding to the temperature at the end of Preferably, it is determined as the difference between the product and the calculated value.
本発明に提案される合金における混合物の定量的含量の決定方法は、その万能性 が認められ、異なったタイプの合金における混合物の定量的含量の決定に用いら れる。The method proposed in the present invention for determining the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys is characterized by its universality. has been recognized and used to determine the quantitative content of mixtures in different types of alloys. It will be done.
この方法の精度及び迅速性の増大は混合物の定量的含量の決定が温度差、温度差 及びそれらの比率の計算が計算設備の助けを借りて行われることにより達成され る。The increased accuracy and rapidity of this method is due to the fact that the quantitative content of the mixture can be determined by and the calculation of their ratios is accomplished with the help of computing equipment. Ru.
以下において、本発明は付属の図面を参照して、特別な実施態様により例示され るが、図面中、本発明に従って合金の液体試料の冷却及び結晶化の過程における 真の温度変化対時間の図、並びに同一液体試料に対する結晶化の潜熱の発生の不 存在下における計算温度変化対時間の図が示される。In the following, the invention will be illustrated by specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, in the drawing, in the process of cooling and crystallization of the liquid sample of the alloy according to the invention, Diagram of true temperature change versus time, as well as the absence of latent heat of crystallization generation for the same liquid sample. A diagram of the calculated temperature change in the presence versus time is shown.
図面の簡単な説明 添付の図面は、本発明に従って合金の液体試料の冷却及び結晶化の過程における 真の温度変化対時間の図並びに同一液体試料に対する結晶化の潜熱の発生の不存 在下における計算温度変化対時間の図を示す。Brief description of the drawing The accompanying drawings illustrate the process of cooling and crystallization of a liquid sample of an alloy according to the invention. Diagram of true temperature change versus time and absence of generation of latent heat of crystallization for the same liquid sample Figure 2 shows a diagram of calculated temperature changes versus time during operation.
発明の最良の実施方法 次に合金中の混合物の定量的含量を決定する提案された方法を考える。この方法 を行うためには、混合物の含量が知られている合金の液体試料並びに混合物の含 量が知られていない合金の液体試料を及び合金のベースを構成する純粋金属の液 体試料をとる。対応する液体試料を記録機器、例えばディジタル電圧計に接続さ れた熱電対を備えた特別のビーカーの助けにより液体合金或いは純粋金属を有す る容器からとる。対応する液体試料をとるためには、ビーカーを液体金属を含有 する容器中に浸漬し、液体金属の温度まで加熱する。その後、合金試料或いは純 粋金属で満たされたビーカーを容器から引出し、空気中で冷却する。合金或いは 純粋金属の液体試料の冷却及び引続く結晶化の過程において温度をディジタル電 圧計の助けにより記録し、温度測定の結果をコンピユータ例えば温度測定の結果 を処理して合金中の混合物の定量的含量の決定結果をもたらす役割を果すマイク ロコンピュータに運ぶ。How to best practice the invention Now consider the proposed method of determining the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys. this method In order to perform the A liquid sample of an alloy of unknown quantity and a liquid of the pure metal that constitutes the base of the alloy. Take a body sample. Connect the corresponding liquid sample to a recording device, e.g. a digital voltmeter. liquid alloys or pure metals with the help of special beakers equipped with thermocouples Remove from container. To take the corresponding liquid sample, place a beaker containing the liquid metal. The metal is immersed in a container and heated to the temperature of liquid metal. After that, alloy samples or pure The beaker filled with pure metal is removed from the container and allowed to cool in the air. alloy or During the cooling and subsequent crystallization of a liquid sample of pure metal, the temperature is controlled by digital electronics. Record the results of temperature measurements with the help of a pressure gauge and send them to a computer e.g. Microphones that serve to process and yield results for the determination of the quantitative content of the mixture in the alloy. transport it to the computer.
二成分系に属するある合金の液体試料の冷却及び結晶化の過程における温度変化 の一例を図面に示すが、図中温度値はＴ、とじて示され、Ｙ軸に沿ってプロット されるのに対し、温度Ｔ、を測定する時点の値はτ、として示され、Ｘ軸に沿っ てプロットされる。曲線１は冷却及び結晶化の過程における合金の液体試料の真 の温度Ｔ１の変化を示し、曲線２は結晶化の過程の開始の時点τ１の２０〜３０ 秒前に確立される液体試料の初期温度Ｔ。Temperature changes during the cooling and crystallization process of a liquid sample of a binary alloy An example is shown in the figure, where the temperature values are indicated by T and plotted along the Y axis. , whereas the value at the time of measuring the temperature T, is denoted as τ, along the X-axis. is plotted. Curve 1 is the true value of the liquid sample of the alloy during the cooling and crystallization process. curve 2 shows the change in temperature T1 of 20-30 of the time τ1 of the start of the crystallization process. The initial temperature T of the liquid sample is established before seconds.
とその纂の負の指数が液体試料の冷却速度を特徴付ける係数と液体試料の初期温 度Ｔ に対応する時点τ。からＴ が測定される時点τ１までの試料の冷却の時 間との積である纂指数ｅの値との積から計算される液体試料の計算された温度の 変化を示す。The negative exponent of its continuation is the coefficient characterizing the cooling rate of the liquid sample and the initial temperature of the liquid sample. Time point τ corresponding to degree T. When the sample is cooled from to the time τ1 at which T is measured The calculated temperature of the liquid sample is calculated from the product of Show change.
冷却及び結晶化の過程における各対応する液体試料の温度Ｔ、の測定は次の式に より説明される：（萩に、Ｔ１は冷却及び結晶化の過程において測定された液体 試料の温度の真の値であり； τ、は温度Ｔ、が測定される時点でありニ−ａ （ｒ、−ｒＯ）が計算 Ｔ はその値から＠ Ｔ ｏ ｅ される液体試料の初期温度であり； τ は温度Ｔｏが測定される時点であり；Ｔ１は結晶化の過程の開始の時点であ り；Ｖｏは合金の液体試料の容積であり； ｖ（ｒｉ）は結晶化の過程の開始の時点τ からＴ１の時点までの時間間隔内に 結晶化の過程において形成される液相の容積であり； 液相の相対的量であり； Ｌは合金或いは純粋金属の結晶化の潜熱であり；Ｃは合金の液体試料或いは純粋 金属の液体試料の平均熱容量であり； αは合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料の冷却速度を特徴付ける係数である）。The measurement of the temperature T, of each corresponding liquid sample during the cooling and crystallization process is given by the following formula: Explained by: (To Hagi, T1 is the liquid measured in the process of cooling and crystallization. is the true value of the temperature of the sample; τ is the point at which the temperature T is measured and knee-a(r,-rO) is calculated. T is from that value @ T o e is the initial temperature of the liquid sample to be measured; τ is the point at which the temperature To is measured; T1 is the point at which the crystallization process begins. Vo is the volume of the liquid sample of the alloy; v(ri) within the time interval from the time τ of the start of the crystallization process to the time T1 is the volume of the liquid phase formed during the crystallization process; is the relative amount of liquid phase; L is the latent heat of crystallization of the alloy or pure metal; C is the latent heat of crystallization of the alloy or pure metal; is the average heat capacity of a liquid sample of metal; α is a coefficient characterizing the cooling rate of a liquid sample of an alloy or pure metal).
式（２）から結晶化の過程の開始の時点まで合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料の冷 却過程において液体試料の冷却過程において測定された液体試料の真の温度Ｔ１ は計算された温度Ｔ Ｃ−ａ（ｒｌ−ＴＯ）に等しい：結晶化の過程の開始の時 点τ１から出発して、結晶化の過程における時点τ、における測定される混合物 の含量が知られている合金の液体試料、混合物の含量が知られていない合金の液 体試料及び合金のベースである純粋金属の液体試料のそれぞれの温度の値Ｔ、は 時点ｒ、に対して計算された式（３）に対応する温度の計算値を被積分函数加数 （２）だけ超過する： 被積分函数加数（２）の値は積 に比例する。From equation (2), cooling of a liquid sample of an alloy or pure metal up to the point of initiation of the crystallization process True temperature T1 of the liquid sample measured during the cooling process of the liquid sample is equal to the calculated temperature T C-a (rl-TO): at the beginning of the crystallization process Starting from point τ1, the measured mixture at time τ in the course of crystallization A liquid sample of an alloy whose content is known, a liquid sample of an alloy whose content of mixture is unknown The respective temperature values T of the body sample and the liquid sample of the pure metal that is the base of the alloy are The calculated value of the temperature corresponding to equation (3) calculated for the time point r is the integrand function summand Exceeds by (2): The value of the integrand addend (2) is the product is proportional to.
結晶化の過程において測定される試料の真の温度Ｔｉは次の式により説明される ： 式（２）、（３）、（６）から測定温度Ｔ１の式（１）により表わされる計算温 度からの差は、合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料が結晶化の過程において次式ｖＯ により表わされる固相の相対量の形成を伴う固相により移行する際の結晶化の潜 熱りの発生により決定される。The true temperature Ti of the sample measured during the crystallization process is explained by the following formula: : Calculated temperature expressed by equation (1) of measured temperature T1 from equations (2), (3), and (6) The difference from the degree is that during the crystallization process of a liquid sample of an alloy or pure metal, the following equation vO The crystallization potential when transitioning through a solid phase with the formation of a relative amount of solid phase represented by Determined by the occurrence of heat.
結晶化の過程においては、ＴＩの時点において形成される固相のｆｆ１ｖ（ＴＩ ）は０（結晶化の開始の時点τ１に対応する時点）から合金或いは純粋金属の液 体試料の容積に等しいＶ。まで増加するので、固相の相対的量は式（７）により 決定され、結晶化の過程において０がら１まで変化する。これは、■（Ｔ２ ） −Ｖ。である結晶化の過程の完結時τ２の時点において次の条件が充足され、 蔵にＴ１は結晶化の過程の完結時点τ２における合金或いは純粋金属の試料の真 の温度であり、Ｔｅ≦ａ （Ｔ２−ｒＯ）は結晶化の完結時点τ における合金 或いは純粋金属の試料の計算温度である。In the crystallization process, the solid phase ff1v (TI ) is from 0 (the time corresponding to the start of crystallization τ1) to the alloy or pure metal liquid. V equal to the volume of the body sample. Therefore, the relative amount of solid phase is given by equation (7). It changes from 0 to 1 during the crystallization process. This is ■(T2) -V. At the completion of the crystallization process, the following conditions are satisfied at the time τ2, In storage, T1 is the true state of the alloy or pure metal sample at the completion point of the crystallization process, τ2. , and Te≦a (T2−rO) is the temperature of the alloy at the time of completion of crystallization τ Alternatively, it is the calculated temperature of a pure metal sample.
結晶化の過程の完結の時点τ２から結晶化の潜熱りの発生は終り、これは条件Ｌ −０に対応し、及び固体試料の冷却の過程は式（３）により説明される法則に従 う。The generation of latent heat of crystallization ends from the point in time τ2 when the crystallization process is completed, and this is based on condition L. −0, and the cooling process of the solid sample follows the law described by equation (3). cormorant.
式（２）、（３）、（６）、（８）から合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料の結晶化 の過程において温度（１）の計算値における変化が結晶化の潜熱りの発生の不存 在下における液体試料の冷却過程を特徴付け、液体試料の冷却及び結晶化の過程 において測定される真の温度と計算温度（１）の間の差は０から結晶化の過程の 完結時点τ２における最大値まで増大し、この最大値は結晶化の潜熱り対液体試 料の平均熱容量Ｃの比に比例し、合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料の結晶化の過程 の終りでの最大温度差ΔＴと称される： 合金或いは純粋金属における混合物の量の増大は、合金或いは純粋金属の結晶化 の潜熱し並びに合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料の平均熱容量の変化をもたらすの で、その液体試料に対応する結晶化の過程の終りでの最大温度差ΔＴは又合金中 の混合物の量に応じて異なる。Crystallization of liquid samples of alloys or pure metals from equations (2), (3), (6), and (8) During the process, the change in the calculated value of temperature (1) indicates the absence of latent heat of crystallization. Characterize the cooling process of a liquid sample in the presence of water, and describe the cooling and crystallization process of a liquid sample The difference between the true temperature measured at and the calculated temperature (1) varies from 0 to 1 during the crystallization process. It increases to the maximum value at the completion point τ2, and this maximum value is the difference between the latent heat of crystallization and the liquid test. The process of crystallization of a liquid sample of an alloy or pure metal, proportional to the ratio of the average heat capacity C of the material. The maximum temperature difference at the end of is called ΔT: An increase in the amount of mixture in an alloy or pure metal may result in crystallization of the alloy or pure metal. changes in the latent heat and average heat capacity of a liquid sample of an alloy or pure metal. , the maximum temperature difference ΔT at the end of the crystallization process corresponding to the liquid sample is also depending on the amount of mixture.
この混合物の含量に応じて変化する結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ の性質を本発明において混合物の定量的含量を決定するために用いる。この方法 は合金のベースを構成する純粋金属の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最 大温度差ΔＴ２、混合物の含量が知られている合金の液体試料の結晶化の過程の 終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ８、及び混合物の含量が知られていない合金の液体 試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ４を決定することにより実現 され、合金中の混合物の定量的含量は次式から見出される：（籠に、Ｐ％は合金 中の混合物の知られていない量であり； に％は合金中の混合物の知られた量であり；ΔＴ２は合金のベースを構成する純 粋金属の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差であり；ΔＴ３は混 合物の含量が知られている合金の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温 度差であり；ΔＴ４は混合物の含量が知られていない合金の液体試料の結晶化の 過程の終りにおける最大温度差である）。The maximum temperature difference ΔT at the end of the crystallization process varies depending on the content of this mixture is used in the present invention to determine the quantitative content of the mixture. this method is the final stage at the end of the crystallization process of a liquid sample of pure metal that forms the base of the alloy. A large temperature difference ΔT2, in the process of crystallization of a liquid sample of an alloy with a known content of the mixture. The maximum temperature difference ΔT8 at the end and the liquid of the alloy where the content of the mixture is unknown Achieved by determining the maximum temperature difference ΔT4 at the end of the crystallization process of the sample and the quantitative content of the mixture in the alloy is found from the following formula: (in the cage, P% is the alloy is an unknown amount of the mixture in; % is the known amount of mixture in the alloy; ΔT2 is the pure amount that makes up the base of the alloy. ΔT3 is the maximum temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process of a liquid sample of pure metal; Maximum temperature at the end of the crystallization process of a liquid sample of an alloy whose content of compounds is known ΔT4 is the degree of crystallization of a liquid sample of an alloy whose content in the mixture is unknown. is the maximum temperature difference at the end of the process).
混合物の含量が知られている合金の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大 温度差ΔＴ３、混合物の含量が知られていない合金の液体試料の結晶化の過程の 終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ４、及び合金のベースを構成する純粋金属の液体試 料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ２を計算するためには、対応す る液体試料の冷却速度を特徴付ける係数を決定する必要がある。Maximum at the end of the process of crystallization of a liquid sample of an alloy whose mixture content is known Temperature difference ΔT3, during the crystallization process of a liquid sample of an alloy whose content in the mixture is unknown. The maximum temperature difference ΔT4 at the end and the liquid sample of the pure metal constituting the base of the alloy In order to calculate the maximum temperature difference ΔT2 at the end of the crystallization process of the material, the corresponding It is necessary to determine the coefficients characterizing the cooling rate of the liquid sample.
係数ａの決定は、初期温度Ｔｏを決定する時点τ。から、その値が常に混合物の 含量が知られている合金の液体試料、混合物の含量が知られていない合金の液体 試料、及び合金のベースを構成する純粋金属の液体試料の結晶化の過程の対応す る温度Ｔ５よりも常に大きい（図面参照）温度Ｔ６を測定する時点τ３までの時 間間隔内の対応する液体試料の冷却過程において行われる。この係数は初期温度 の自然対数１ ｎ Ｔ ｏ及び対応する液体試料の温度Ｔ６の自然対数１ ｎ Ｔ ｅ間の埋封温度Ｔ６の測定時点τ 及び温度Ｔｏの測定時点τ。の差の比か ら次式により計算される： （在に、Ｔ６は合金或いは純粋金属の対応する液体試料の結晶化の過程の開始の Ｔ５よりも大きい値である冷却過程において測定される液体試料の真の温度であ り、τ は温度Ｔ６の測定の時点である）。The coefficient a is determined at the time τ when determining the initial temperature To. , whose value is always the value of the mixture Liquid sample of alloy with known content, liquid of alloy with unknown content of mixture The sample and the corresponding process of crystallization of the liquid sample of the pure metal constituting the base of the alloy. up to the time τ3 when measuring the temperature T6 which is always higher than the temperature T5 (see drawing) This is done during the cooling process of the corresponding liquid sample within the interval. This coefficient is the initial temperature natural logarithm 1 n T o and the corresponding natural logarithm 1 n of the temperature T6 of the liquid sample The measurement time τ of the embedding temperature T6 between Te and the measurement time τ of the temperature To. Is it the ratio of the difference between is calculated by the following formula: (Currently, T6 is the start of the crystallization process of the corresponding liquid sample of alloy or pure metal. is the true temperature of the liquid sample measured during the cooling process, which is a value greater than T5. (where τ is the time point of measurement of temperature T6).
混合物の含量が知られている合金の液体試料、混合物の含量が知られていない合 金の液体試料、及び合金のベースを構成する純粋の金属の液体試料について係数 を決定後、冷却及び結晶化の過程において各対応液体試料に対する温度Ｔ を測 定する時点τ。から開始して、初期温度Ｔ。とその負の甘が各液体試料の冷却速 度を特徴付ける係数αと温度Ｔｏを測定する時点τ０から温度Ｔ１即ち（１）を 測定する時点までの時間の積である纂指数から計算される値との積を計算する。Liquid samples of alloys with known mixture content, alloys with unknown mixture content Coefficients for liquid samples of gold and liquid samples of pure metals constituting the base of the alloy. After determining, the temperature T for each corresponding liquid sample is measured during the cooling and crystallization process. The point in time τ. Starting from the initial temperature T. and its negative value is the cooling rate of each liquid sample. The temperature T1, that is (1), is calculated from the time τ0 at which the coefficient α characterizing the temperature and the temperature To are measured. The product is calculated by the value calculated from the aggregate index, which is the product of the time up to the point of measurement.
その後、合金或いは純粋金属の各対応する液体試料について冷却及び結晶化の過 程において測定される温度Ｔ、の真の値と計算温度Ｔ ｅ−”Ｉの間の差を計算 し、時点τ１において得られる差： を時点τ に先行する時点τ１−Δτにおいて得られる温度差と対比する（丑に ΔτはＴ、を測定する時点間の間隔である）（図面参照）。各液体試料の冷却過 程における温度差の対比は最大温度差ΔＴを与え及び同時に結晶化過程の完結の 時点τ２における真の温度Ｔ１を確立する。Afterwards, each corresponding liquid sample of alloy or pure metal undergoes cooling and crystallization. Calculate the difference between the true value of temperature T, measured at and the difference obtained at time τ1: is compared with the temperature difference obtained at the time τ1−Δτ preceding the time τ (in the ox Δτ is the interval between the time points at which T is measured) (see drawing). Cooling of each liquid sample The contrast of the temperature differences in the process gives the maximum temperature difference ΔT and at the same time the completion of the crystallization process. Establish the true temperature T1 at time τ2.
以下に、１０．５％のケイ素を含有するアルミニウムベース合金の液体試料の結 晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ３を決定する具体例（例１）及び例３ を説明するアルミニウムの液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差Δ Ｔ２を決定する具体例（例２）を示す。Below, we present the results of a liquid sample of an aluminum-based alloy containing 10.5% silicon. Examples of determining the maximum temperature difference ΔT3 at the end of the crystallization process (Example 1) and Example 3 The maximum temperature difference Δ at the end of the crystallization process of a liquid sample of aluminum describes A specific example (Example 2) for determining T2 will be shown.
例 １ １０．５％のケイ素含量を有するアルミニウム合金合金の液体試料の初期温度Ｔ 。は７４７．８℃である。Example 1 Initial temperature T of a liquid sample of an aluminum alloy alloy with a silicon content of 10.5% . is 747.8°C.
係数ａ＝０．５０４Ｘ１０−２ｓ−’ 例 ２（例３を説明） 純粋アルミニウム 合金の液体試料の初期温度は７３６．５℃である。Coefficient a=0.504X10-2s-' Example 2 (explaining example 3) pure aluminum The initial temperature of the liquid sample of the alloy is 736.5°C.
係数α−０，６４Ｘ１０−”ｓ−’ 以下の具体例は、「アルミニウムーケイ素」系の合金におけるケイ素（Ｓｉ、％ ）の定量的含量及び「銅−酸素」系の合金における酸素（０、％）の定量的含量 の決定を例示するものである。Coefficient α-0,64X10-”s-’ The following specific example shows silicon (Si, % ) and the quantitative content of oxygen (0,%) in alloys of the "copper-oxygen" series This example illustrates the determination of
例３ 純粋アルミニウムの合金の液体試料に対して、結晶化過程の終りにおける温度差 ΔＴ２は２３８．７５℃であり、ケイ素含量が１０．５９６であることが知られ ているアルミニウムーケイ素系の合金の液体試料に対する結晶化過程の終りにお ける最大温度差ΔＴ３は２２７．２６℃である。Example 3 Temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process for a liquid sample of an alloy of pure aluminum It is known that ΔT2 is 238.75°C and the silicon content is 10.596. At the end of the crystallization process for liquid samples of aluminum-silicon alloys, The maximum temperature difference ΔT3 is 227.26°C.
さて、−例を考察すると、 （ａ） 混合物の含量が知られていない「アルミニウムーケイ素」系の合金につ いて、結晶化の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ４は２３２．６℃である。ケイ素含 量が知られていない合金中のケイ素含量は式（１０）から次の様にして見出され る。Now, - considering the example, (a) Regarding “aluminum-silicon” alloys whose content in the mixture is unknown. The maximum temperature difference ΔT4 at the end of crystallization is 232.6°C. Silicon-containing The silicon content in an alloy whose amount is unknown can be found from equation (10) as follows: Ru.
２３８．７５−２３２．６ Ｓｔ％舞□× ２３８．７５−２２７．２６ １０．５％口５．６％ （ｂ） 混合物の含量が知られていない「アルミニウムーケイ素」系の合金につ いて、結晶化過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ４は約２３５．１２℃である。238.75-232.6 St% Mai□× 238.75-227.26 10.5% mouth 5.6% (b) Regarding “aluminum-silicon” alloys whose content in the mixture is unknown. The maximum temperature difference ΔT4 at the end of the crystallization process is approximately 235.12°C.
このケイ素含量が知られていない合金中のケイ素含量は下記の如く見出される。The silicon content in an alloy whose silicon content is unknown is found as follows.
２３８．７５−２３５．１２ Ｓｉ％−□× ２３８．７５−２２７．２６ １０．５９６−３．３２％ 例４ 「銅−酸素」系の合金において、銅に基づき純粋鋼の液体試料に対する結晶化の 過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ２は２３０．５℃である。酸素含量が０． ０３２％であることが知られている液体試料に対して結晶化の過程の終りにおけ る最大温度差ΔＴ３が２１２．８℃であるならば、 （ａ） 酸素含量の知られていない合金の液体試料に対する結晶化過程の終りに おける最大温度差ΔＴ４が２２８．４℃に対応する場合には、合金中の酸素含量 は式（１０）に従い ２３０．５−２２８．４ ０％−Ｘｏ、０３２９６ ２３０．５−２１２．８ ＝０．００４９６ であり、 （ｂ） 酸素含量の知られていない合金の液体試料に対する結晶化過程の終りに おける最大温度差ΔＴ４が２１９．５℃に対応する場合には、合金中の酸素含量 は２３０、 ５−２１９． ５ ０％−Ｘｏ、０３２− ２３０、 ５−２１２． ８ ０．０１９９６ である。238.75-235.12 Si%-□× 238.75-227.26 10.596-3.32% Example 4 In alloys of the “copper-oxygen” system, crystallization for liquid samples of pure steel based on copper is The maximum temperature difference ΔT2 at the end of the process is 230.5°C. Oxygen content is 0. At the end of the crystallization process for a liquid sample known to be 0.32% If the maximum temperature difference ΔT3 is 212.8°C, then (a) At the end of the crystallization process for a liquid sample of an alloy of unknown oxygen content. If the maximum temperature difference ΔT4 corresponds to 228.4°C, the oxygen content in the alloy is according to equation (10) 230.5-228.4 0%-Xo, 03296 230.5-212.8 =0.00496 and (b) At the end of the crystallization process for a liquid sample of an alloy of unknown oxygen content. If the maximum temperature difference ΔT4 corresponds to 219.5°C, then the oxygen content in the alloy is 230, 5-219. 5 0%-Xo, 032- 230, 5-212. 8 0.01996 It is.
本発明で提案される合金中の混合物の定量的含量の決定方法は、これらの異なっ た混合物の定量的含量が知られており、混合物の含量が知られている合金の液体 試料中において決定される含量とは異なる種類の混合物の定量的含量に対応する ことを条件として決定されるものとは相互に異なる数種の混合物を含有する合金 中の１８の混合物の含量を決定するために用いられる。純粋金属の液体試料とし ては、合金の液体試料が使用され、それはその含量が決定される混合物を含有せ ず、他の種類の混合物の定量的含量は決定されるものとは異なり、混合物の知ら れた及び知られない含量の合金の液体試料におけると同一である。例５は数種の 混合物を含有する合金中の知られない混合物の含量の決定を説明するものである 。The method proposed in this invention for determining the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys The quantitative content of the mixture is known, and the liquid of the alloy whose content of the mixture is known. corresponds to the quantitative content of a mixture of different types than the content determined in the sample Alloys containing a mixture of several species mutually different from those determined on the condition that used to determine the content of 18 mixtures in As a liquid sample of pure metal In this case, a liquid sample of the alloy is used, which contains the mixture whose content is to be determined. However, the quantitative content of other types of mixtures is different from what is determined; is the same in liquid samples of alloys of unknown and unknown contents. Example 5 shows several types of Illustrating the determination of the content of unknown mixtures in alloys containing mixtures .
例５ 我々は、アルミニウムーベース液体合金が次の種類の混合物を含有する一例を考 察する：即ちケイ素、銅、鉄及びマグネシウムよりなり、ケイ素、銅及び鉄の定 量的含量は知られており、それぞれ５．１％、６．９％及び０．９％に等しいの に対し、マグネシウムの定量的含量は知られていない。このマグネシウムの定量 的含量の知られていない合金の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度 差ΔＴ４は２１９．４℃である。同一ベースの合金の液体試料において、マグネ シウム混合物の含量が例えば０．５５９ｏと知られており、ケイ素、銅及び鉄の 含量が５．１％、６．９％及び０．９％に対応し、及び結晶化の過程の終りにお ける最大温度差ΔＴ３が２１３．６２℃であるならば、マグネシウムが存在しな いアルミニウムベース合金の液体試料中においては、ケイ素、銅、及び鉄の含量 は又、５．１％、６．９％及び０．９％に対応し、及び結晶化の過程の終りにお ける最大温度差ΔＴ２は２３１．７３℃であり、その含量が知られていない合金 中のマグネシウムの定量的含量は式４式％） として見出される。Example 5 We consider an example where an aluminum-based liquid alloy contains a mixture of the following types: i.e. consists of silicon, copper, iron and magnesium; The quantitative contents are known and are equal to 5.1%, 6.9% and 0.9%, respectively. On the other hand, the quantitative content of magnesium is not known. Determination of this magnesium Maximum temperature at the end of the crystallization process of a liquid sample of an alloy of unknown content The difference ΔT4 is 219.4°C. In a liquid sample of the same base alloy, magnetic It is known that the content of the Si mixture is, for example, 0.559o, and it contains silicon, copper and iron. The content corresponds to 5.1%, 6.9% and 0.9%, and at the end of the crystallization process If the maximum temperature difference ΔT3 is 213.62°C, then magnesium must be present. Silicon, copper, and iron contents in liquid samples of aluminum-based alloys also correspond to 5.1%, 6.9% and 0.9%, and at the end of the crystallization process. The maximum temperature difference ΔT2 is 231.73°C, and the content of the alloy is unknown. The quantitative content of magnesium in formula 4 formula%) It is found as.
前記例３〜５から合金における混合物の定量的含量を決定するためには、混合物 の含量が知られていない含量の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度 差ΔＴ４、合金のベースを構成する純粋金属の液体試料の結晶化の過程の終りに おける最大温度差ΔＴ２及び知られた量の同一種類の混合物を含有する合金の結 晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ３を決定することが必要であるという ことになる。決定される含量とは異なる混合物の含量は、全ての対応する液体試 料において一定に留どまるべきことが必要である。To determine the quantitative content of the mixture in the alloy from Examples 3 to 5 above, the mixture Maximum temperature at the end of the crystallization process of a liquid sample of unknown content The difference ΔT4, at the end of the process of crystallization of the liquid sample of pure metal that constitutes the base of the alloy The maximum temperature difference ΔT2 at It is said that it is necessary to determine the maximum temperature difference ΔT3 at the end of the crystallization process. It turns out. The content of the mixture, which differs from the determined content, is determined by comparing all corresponding liquid samples. It is necessary for the cost to remain constant.
特別の群の金属−混合物合金に対しては、純粋金属の液体試料の結晶化の過程の 終りにおける最大温度差過程の終りにおける最大温度差ΔＴ３の決定は一度に行 われ、及び得られた最大温度差ΔＴ 及びΔＴ３の値が参照値として用いられる 。合金の混合物の知られていない定量的含量を決定するためには、従って、混合 物の含量が知られていない合金の一つの液体試料をとり、その液体試料の冷却及 び結晶化の過程における温度を測定し、結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差 ΔＴ４を決定し、及び式（１０）から混合物の定量的含量を計算することが必要 である。計算を行い、及び純粋金属の結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差Δ Ｔ２及び混合物の知られた含量を有する合金の試料の結晶化の過程の終りにおけ る最大温度差ΔＴ３の寥照値を保存するためには、合金中の混合物の含量を決定 する迅速性を高める計算ハードウェア及びソフトウェアを用いることが必要であ る。For a special group of metal-mixture alloys, the process of crystallization of a liquid sample of pure metal is Maximum temperature difference at the endThe determination of the maximum temperature difference ΔT3 at the end of the process is carried out at once. and the obtained maximum temperature difference ΔT and ΔT3 values are used as reference values. . To determine the unknown quantitative content of a mixture of alloys, therefore, the mixture Take a liquid sample of an alloy whose content is unknown, and cool and cool the liquid sample. and the maximum temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process. It is necessary to determine ΔT4 and calculate the quantitative content of the mixture from equation (10) It is. Perform calculations, and the maximum temperature difference Δ at the end of the process of crystallization of pure metals At the end of the process of crystallization of a sample of an alloy with a known content of T2 and mixtures In order to preserve the current value of the maximum temperature difference ΔT3, determine the content of the mixture in the alloy. It is necessary to use computational hardware and software that increases the speed at which Ru.
対応する液体試料の冷却速度を特徴付ける係数及び温度差Ｔ −Ｔ ｅ−’ （ ｒｉ −ＴＯ）１７）計Ｗ及ヒ知うｈＯ た含量の混合物をＨする合金の液体試料、混合物の含量の知られない合金の液体 試料及び純粋金属の液体試料の最大温度差の決定はマイクロコンピュータ及びソ フトウェアの助けを借りて実現され、結晶化の過程の終りにおける最大温度差を 見出す精度は、冷却及び結晶化の過程における合金或いは純粋金属の液体試料の 真の温度Ｔ１の測定間の間隔Δτが少なければ少ない程より高いものである。The coefficient characterizing the cooling rate of the corresponding liquid sample and the temperature difference T-Te-' ( ri - TO) 17) total W and h O Liquid samples of alloys containing mixtures with unknown contents, liquids of alloys with unknown contents in mixtures Determination of the maximum temperature difference between the sample and the pure metal liquid sample is performed using a microcomputer and software. The maximum temperature difference at the end of the crystallization process is The accuracy of the determination depends on the accuracy of the liquid sample of the alloy or pure metal during the cooling and crystallization process. The smaller the interval Δτ between measurements of the true temperature T1, the higher it is.
合金中の混合物の定量的含量を決定する方法の応用は、例えば工業的条件下にお ける溶融プロセスにおける合金中の混合物の含量の定量的迅速決定のためにとら れる、混合物の含量が知られていない液体合金の試料の数の減少並びに液体合金 中の混合物の含量を決定する全時間減少を与える。The application of the method for determining the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys can be found, for example, under industrial conditions. for the quantitative and rapid determination of the content of mixtures in alloys during melting processes. reduced number of samples of liquid alloys with unknown mixture content; Determine the content of the mixture in the total time given the decrease.
工業的利用可能性 合金中の混合物の含量の定量的決定方法の冶金工業及び窯業における使用は、液 体合金中の混合物の含量を直接溶融プロセスにおいてｙＡ整してキャスティング 中の金属の品質を改良し、その組成を変成するために液体合金中に導入される充 填材料の消費を減少し、又、液体合金の精練に用いられる材料の消費を調整する 。Industrial applicability The use in metallurgical and ceramic industry of the method for quantitative determination of the content of mixtures in alloys The content of the mixture in the body alloy is directly adjusted in the melting process and cast. A charge introduced into a liquid alloy to improve the quality of the metal and transform its composition. Reduce the consumption of filler materials and also adjust the consumption of materials used for scouring liquid alloys .
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SU1987/000049 WO1988008531A1 (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1987-04-24 | Method of determining the quantitative content of admixture in an alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01503085A true JPH01503085A (en) | 1989-10-19 |
Family
ID=21617100
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62504972A Pending JPH01503085A (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1987-04-24 | How to determine the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01503085A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3790942C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2213355B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988008531A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4300495B4 (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 2004-12-02 | BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. | Procedure for testing dental casting materials |
| JP2750832B2 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1998-05-13 | 株式会社木村鋳造所 | Method for determining the properties of molten cast iron |
| JP3331408B2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2002-10-07 | メタルサイエンス有限会社 | A method for measuring magnesium content in molten aluminum alloy |
| CN101303319B (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-05-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Texture thinning effect thermal analysis test method and apparatus for magnesium and magnesium alloy deteriorative processing |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2059852A5 (en) * | 1970-06-29 | 1971-06-04 | Qualitats Edelstahl Komb | Indirect determination of major components of fused alloy |
| AT321343B (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1975-03-25 | Ableidinger K Dr & Co | Procedure for determining the purity of steel |
| HU194405B (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1988-01-28 | Magyar Optikai Muevek | Temperature control system for testing thermic phase transformations |
-
1987
- 1987-04-24 WO PCT/SU1987/000049 patent/WO1988008531A1/en active Application Filing
- 1987-04-24 DE DE3790942A patent/DE3790942C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-04-24 JP JP62504972A patent/JPH01503085A/en active Pending
- 1987-04-24 DE DE873790942T patent/DE3790942T1/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-12-20 GB GB8829634A patent/GB2213355B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3790942T1 (en) | 1989-05-03 |
| WO1988008531A1 (en) | 1988-11-03 |
| GB2213355B (en) | 1991-04-17 |
| DE3790942C2 (en) | 1991-05-16 |
| GB2213355A (en) | 1989-08-16 |
| GB8829634D0 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5615730A (en) | Methods for inspecting the content of structure modifying additives in molten cast iron and chilling tendency of flaky graphite cast iron | |
| US4667725A (en) | Method for producing cast-iron, and in particular cast-iron which contains vermicular graphite | |
| Kobatake et al. | Surface tension of binary Al–Si liquid alloys | |
| Mitrašinović et al. | Determination of the growth restriction factor and grain size for aluminum alloys by a quasi-binary equivalent method | |
| Hernandez et al. | Calculation of the liquidus temperature for hypo and hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloys | |
| Marchwica et al. | Fraction solid evolution characteristics of AlSiCu alloys-dynamic baseline approach | |
| US4046509A (en) | Method for checking and regulating the conditions of crystallization in the solidification of melts | |
| Djurdjevic et al. | Determination of rigidity point/temperature using thermal analysis method and mechanical technique | |
| JPH01503085A (en) | How to determine the quantitative content of mixtures in alloys | |
| Bernhard et al. | Experimental study of high temperature phase Equilibria in the Iron-rich part of the Fe-P and Fe-CP systems | |
| JPS596385B2 (en) | Rapid determination method and device for the degree of graphite nodularity in molten cast iron | |
| Birol | Solid fraction analysis with DSC in semi-solid metal processing | |
| Nafisi et al. | Semi solid metal processing: The fraction solid dilemma | |
| Górny et al. | Effect of titanium addition and cooling rate on primary α (Al) grains and tensile properties of Al-Cu alloy | |
| EP0529074B1 (en) | Method of judging carbon equivalent, carbon content, and silicon content of cast iron and estimating physical and mechanical properties thereof, and cooling curve measuring cup used for said method | |
| AU2007301495B2 (en) | An apparatus and method for determining the percentage of carbon equivalent, carbon and silicon in liquid ferrous metal | |
| Tuttle | Thermal analysis of rare earth additions to HY100 | |
| CN1264039A (en) | Method for determination of amount of carbon and silicon in molten iron | |
| Mizukami et al. | Prediction of density of stainless steel | |
| JPWO2019117200A1 (en) | Refining method of molten iron | |
| Huber et al. | Quantification of feeding regions of hypoeutectic Al-(5, 7, 9) Si-(0-4) Cu (wt.%) alloys using cooling curve analysis | |
| JP3465662B2 (en) | Steel continuous casting method | |
| JP2638298B2 (en) | A method for determining the carbon equivalent, carbon content and silicon content of cast iron, as well as predicting its physical and mechanical properties | |
| JP3390813B2 (en) | Method for measuring iron content in aluminum alloys | |
| Zhou et al. | Analysis of Different Thermal Conductivity Measurements for Al-Si Casting Alloys |