JPH01501981A - radiation injection device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Light "1ρ" radiation injection device 5Ω standing room The present invention relates to an apparatus having a gas-filled envelope for emitting radiation in response to a subcurrent. and in particular to the shape of the envelope of such a device.

i Ωsendan In recent years, radiation emitting devices have become widely used for an increasing number of purposes. . Such a radiation emitting device has an envelope, an enclosed gas, and a pair of electrodes. As a result, an electron current is formed between the electrodes.

The operation and operation of such devices are well known to those skilled in the art, and one is familiar with the operation and operation of such devices. The details of operation will not be repeated here as they are of no value to the description of the invention. I don't.

When an electron flow is formed between the electrodes, W atoms are absorbed by some atoms (such as mercury). electrons) and increase the energy level of other electrons in the atom. It is enough to be aware of this. This electron (that is, the electron in the mercury atom) Upon returning to normal standards, a beam of ultraviolet light energy is emitted.

Such radiation is used for various purposes. In other words, it excites the phosphor in the fluorescent lamp. Irradiation for: Treatment of fluids such as water: 9 beams used to trigger laser emission The most suitable application of the invention is in the treatment of fluids.

The present invention primarily deals with the structural aspects of such a radiation emitting device. many The invention has been made regarding a radiation emitting device. change gas, change gas pressure , modify various types of equipment to create the conditions necessary for radiation emission, and such Examples include radiation emitting devices in which the mounting structure of the device has been changed.

Some changes have also been made in the size and shape of the gas containment envelope.

The predominant shape of the radiation emitting device is cylindrical. Changes and transformations are like this In order to increase the electron path for a single electron emission, the reverse To make a double envelope or to form a further curved electron path for various purposes , deforms the envelope part. However, the main case is the common cylindrical envelope shape is used for many things.

Examples of prior art include the following US patents.

US Patent Number US Patent Number 4.468.5904.320.3242.596.6973.121.183 3.47], 630 3.560.7863.226.5903.988.6 333.253.1764.099.0902.205.0004.196.3 742.213.2454.260.9312, 862.3374.281.2 712.915.664 4.445,0692.916.6452.674. 6973.295.0032.935.6113.303.0423.527. 9404.454.4483.566.1054, 514.6623.837. 8003.875.530 4.008.0454.071.798 4.01 7.7341.794.3434.048.5042, 267.118 4.1 01.7772.482.421 4.141.6864.195.249 4 ．． 336.2234.234.817 4.482.8094.272.702 4.535.247 Prior art radiation ejection devices have many problems and inconveniences. Ta. I would like to briefly mention some of these.

In many prior art devices, the spatial portion of the envelope is sparsely populated with active fluorescent locations. Ru. In the prior art, the radiation reabsorption by the gas inside the envelope becomes very large.

The devices of the prior art are capable of directing the radiated radiation onto the material to be irradiated, especially on liquid moving materials. There are deficiencies in providing effective rays. Regions of flowing matter often radiate They may move away from the radiation source, in which case they cannot be effectively processed. The inverse square law is , many for liquid treatment by radiation radiated from the outside through a cylindrical wall. This results in undesirable exposed areas in the structure.

and the passage of the fluid to be processed through the array of cylindrical radiation emitting tubes is , causing turbulence which is a negative factor for irradiation efficiency.

Prior art wrap structures have other problems related to the wrap material. Standard cylindrical envelope must provide sufficient strength because it uses high pressure gas to increase the radiation output. This requires an extremely thick quartz envelope cylinder. This is true for crystals and similar Similar radiolucent materials, on the other hand, behave better under compression (i.e., pressure applied to a convex surface). On the other hand, it has little resistance to tension (pressure applied to the concave surface). It is from.

Finally, the packaging of prior art radiation delivery devices represents an important change in radiation delivery applications. Due to important real-world requirements that cannot be easily adopted, There is a need for packaging and packaging concepts that are appropriately adopted and used.

There is a need and need for improved packaging devices that increase the efficiency of radiation delivery. There is a need for improved devices that maximize the number of active fluorescent locations within the envelope.

More specifically, modifications that reduce the reabsorption of radiation generated within the envelope space. There is a need for improved radiation emitting devices. The radiation passes through the capsule before exiting. While there is a demand for envelopes that reduce the required path length, at the same time the standard cylindrical There is a need to direct the radiation to an external target more clearly than in the case of an envelope.

Provides a more suitable envelope structure for specific purposes than current cylindrical envelopes There is an even more important requirement. Substances to be irradiated, especially fluid streams (water purification) Requirements for radiation delivery envelopes that deliver radiation more efficiently There is. There is a demand for an envelope that can minimize turbulence in the fluid flow passing through the envelope for irradiation. be.

Envelope structure that does not require thick and expensive radiolucent materials even when high-pressure gas is sealed 0 Using materials that can be formed according to requirements to suit various purposes Eliminates the requirement for a zero-separation type holder, which has a requirement for an envelope structure made by There is a need for a radiation emitting envelope that can be used.

Modifications that themselves are easily manufactured and maintained, simple to install and efficient to operate. There is a need for improved radiation delivery packaging.

i beans q! illusion The improved radiation emitting device of the present invention overcomes the problems and deficiencies of the prior art. An important feature is its non-uniform cylindrical structure concept, which can be realized in various envelope shapes. The structural concept of the present invention provides a number of advantages. This advantage includes overcoming problems. This includes complying with and processing the requests listed above.

Each radiation ejection envelope of the present invention includes first and second separated elongate main members. The elongated main members are fixed relative to each other and delineate the space of the elongated envelope. The envelope space of has an approximately constant cross-sectional area along its length.

The first and second mounting means are fixed relative to said main member and are mutually intersecting across the envelope volume. supported along the inner portions of the first and second mounting means, having inner portions facing each other; are first and second, respectively, which produce a stream of electrons that emit radiation. This is the electrode.

The above placement means generates an electron flow along the longitudinal direction of the long envelope space, for example. May be a yap-shaped end member for a long envelope, with the electrodes on it , or according to the above-mentioned placement means, the electrode means is arranged so that the electron flow is long in the width of the envelope space. the corresponding edges of the first and second main members so as to cross the may extend along the length of the envelope between the pairs.

The cross-sectional shape of the main part can be different shapes...concave, convex, flat, etc. may or may not have various surface properties such as However, regarding the cross section, the first main member is outwardly convex or outwardly concave. two main members, preferably arc-shaped and the second main member being concave inward; is the diameter between which the envelope space is equal to the largest cross-sectional dimension of that envelope space. It is shaped and arranged so that it is smaller than the Schilling space with . ” "Cross-sectional dimension" means a straight line segment that crosses the cross-section of the envelope space, but such Due to the shape of the cross section, such a straight line segment passes outside the envelope space. .

The first main member is radiolucent, preferably made of quartz or other similar transparent glass. It is a sheet-like material. In a preferred embodiment, the first main member simply transmits radiation therethrough. is emitted from the envelope.

The second main member of the device of the invention can have a wide range of radiation emitting compatibility, which may be of different shapes. The second main member may be designed to meet the specific requirements of the so that the assembly is compatible with the first main member and the above-mentioned 1i3 and second mounting members. It may have a mounting means, for example the mounting means may be formed into a For support or structural reinforcement of legs or special-purpose isolated enclosures Another structure to eliminate the requirement. It is the gas inside the envelope near its inner surface. Internal channels for heat exchange fluid flow or location of heating material for the purpose of heating Alternatively, voids may be formed.

In a further preferred embodiment, the second main member is made from a formed polymeric material. The polymer member may be a thermoplastic or thermoset material. , by a known molding method or a similar method. Plastic The use of various known methods of forming tebra sticks requires a design that meets special requirements. design flexibility is increasing.

The second main member is radiation reflective in a preferred embodiment.

Preferably, the second main member is coated with a metal on its inner surface to prevent radiation. It can be made to reflect rays of light.

A variety of materials can be used for this interior coating. Aluminum is particularly desirable. It is a good coating material. Metal coating is done by sputtering method. It may be applied as a thin film, which may be a very thin, monoatomic layer, and the gas within the envelope may This serves the added purpose of separating the remainder of the second main member from the Such gas may be absorbed into the polymer or other material forming the second main member. Prevent it from happening.

Metallic coatings may themselves be covered with a very thin layer of protection. It often reduces and eliminates corrosion caused by gases within the enclosure. like this The coating is essentially impermeable to the gases used within the enclosure. Any material is fine.

The present invention particularly provides that the shape of the envelope serves a number of purposes which will become clear from the following. It is.

In the device of the invention, the use of radiation ejecting gas within the envelope is improved in a number of ways. be done. Increase the radiation emitting surface per unit envelope space and improve the gas atmosphere inside the envelope space. The envelope space reduces the absorption of radiation caused by the passage of radiation in the air. reduced. The number of utilized fluorescent locations within the envelope space can be maximized by various means. It will be done. These various means increase the number of collisions of electrons with radiation-emitting atoms. This is achieved by certain preferred embodiments using a wide electron flow, including , achieved by the use of high pressure gas.

The number of radiation emissions that miss the envelope is reduced by reducing the envelope space and (volume) reduces the path that radiation takes before exiting the envelope, causing radiation Extending the range of emission locations to locate them close to the radiation emission surface. and , at the same time, the device of the invention can direct the radiation more clearly to the target. Wear.

Another purpose of the envelope shape of the present invention is that it can be used for specific purposes such as irradiation of flowing fluids. The shape of the present invention consists in presenting a structure that remains unchanged to achieve this objective. However, they are themselves easy to manufacture and maintain.

The packaging of the present invention allows its release in the vicinity of flowing liquids more easily than prior art packaging. A ray exit surface or beam can be placed.The entire path of the fluid flow is May be placed close to the point of radiation exit, reducing the area of ineffective radiation Ru.

Furthermore, the nature of the radiation emitting surface of the envelope of the present invention is such that the outer side of the multiple cylindrical tubes The path of the fluid is less turbulent than is often exhibited during fluid flow in It is possible.

The radiation emitting surface of the envelope of the present invention allows for easier and unobstructed flow. Can be done.

Additional objectives of the envelope shape of the present invention are to reduce cost and improve operational efficiency in a variety of ways. Related to gaining efficiency. For example, in some embodiments of the invention, thinner It is a lower cost packaging material and can be used with high gas pressure inside the packaging. high gas pressure One embodiment of the present invention increases radiation emission, thereby providing greater operating efficiency. Yet another objective achieved by the implementation is to reduce the cost of water treatment, which is expensive to maintain and replace. makes maintenance and parts replacement easier and cheaper for use in applications such as Is Rukoto.

Certain embodiments of the invention allow parallel envelopes to be joined to form radiation "walls". This "wall" has a large number of enveloping spaces arranged in parallel in close proximity. The wall provides high efficiency for water treatment and other similar applications, as detailed below.

As mentioned above, the package of the present invention includes a package having the above-mentioned radiation wall. The body has a second main member configured to provide an integral holder for the envelope. It is possible to have a separate envelope holder, which reduces the requirements for most modifications. I will do it. Therefore, the device of the invention can be used both as a wrapper and as a holder. Function.

The second main member is preferably formed of a polymeric material and has a specific It is also equipped with various integrated mounting means to suit the various requirements associated with the use. You can get it.

The second main member, preferably when formed from a polymeric material, is used for various purposes. It is possible to add features to the inner surface of the material. The inner surface of the second main member is Such protrusion means (protrusion means) having a protrusion means extending into the main member and the envelope space. ) may have an end portion formed in a portion close to the first main member, and the first main member and It is arranged apart from the second mounting means.

Such protrusion means may be columnar protrusions, the main purpose of which is to is to enable scales to withstand physical shock. Such physical shock The radiation emitting first main member used in certain types of fluid irradiating equipment Examples include hydraulic blows applied to When the pressure of the liquid being treated increases rapidly, this pressure is 1 added to the main member. Extending from the main surface of the second main member to the inner surface of the first main member The columnar projections remain largely undeformed.

The protrusion may also be a baffle or similar shape. , these control the defined current in the envelope space and make the envelope thermal gradient more constant. It can also serve an additional purpose. The efficiency of some gaseous radiation injections is It changes with changes in body temperature, so keeping the temperature exactly the same reduces the operating efficiency of the envelope. will increase.

Various types of protrusions provide at least one additional and important advantage. They are It is designed as a radiation imaging means and therefore optimizes the path of radiation flow within the envelope. increase efficiency of operation by minimizing reabsorption of radiation within the gas. Make it bigger.

The inner surface of the second main member has characteristics that serve various purposes. The inner surfaces do not need to be smooth, e.g. A Fresnel segment is a shape that reflects light in a certain direction. Such Fresnel segments may be formed from Preferably it is parallel to the long envelope.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second electrode means each have a and a number of electrodes spaced apart along the inner portion of the second mounting means. It consists of This provides a large area for effective electron flow within the envelope. like this The flow, as already mentioned, is across or along the long envelope space. This may depend on the arrangement of the electrode means. The concept of shape is embodied in a number of variations. Some of the most desirable shapes are thin This will be described in several parts.

In one preferred embodiment, the first main member is outwardly concave and the second main member is outwardly concave. is convex toward the inside, which means that the envelope space has an arcuate cross section along its length. make it look like this. In this embodiment, the second main member concave toward the inside is a radiation reflector. radiation, and therefore directs additional radiation through the outwardly concave first main member. Let it be released. The first and second electrode means are each a multiplicity of electrodes, the electrodes comprising: , spaced apart along the inner portion of the respective mounting means.

In a preferred example of this embodiment, the fifteenth and second main members are arranged in two pairs of corresponding and opposing the first and second placement means having an edge along its length; members, each of which is disposed between one of a pair of corresponding and opposing edges. Ru.

A large number of electrodes are placed along such a long placement member, and the electron stream is It flows across the width of the space.

In another example of this embodiment, the first and second mounting means are arranged on the first and second main members. End members fixed at opposite ends. Such end pieces can be of flat or arcuate shape. an inner portion having a shape, the electrodes being spaced along each of the arcuate end members; be done. In this example, electrons flow along the length of the envelope space.

One advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the first main member is outwardly concave. , it must be able to withstand the high pressure of the gas enclosed within the package. And the use of high pressure , such an outer surface of the first main member favoring the amount of radiation emitted. on the surface of a liquid (e.g., purified by emitted radiation) (e.g., flowing water), the high-pressure gas and liquid loads cancel each other out. As a result, the tensile force of the first main member can be reduced. The main advantage of this is the first Thinner materials can be used as the main component.

Another embodiment of the envelope of the present invention includes a first main member that is convex on the outside and a second main member that is concave on the inside. have In this embodiment, the first and second main members are one mirror image of the other. the second main member has radiation reflective properties, and the second main member has radiation reflective properties; In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Placed. This long mounting member has a sandwich between the main members along the length of the package. Extended into a state of latching. In the case of the front side, the electron flow is along the space of the envelope. In the case of the rear side, the electron flow crosses that space.

For this configuration, high pressures may be used depending on the thickness of the main member and other construction considerations. Despite this, the use of low pressure gas within the envelope space is preferred.

In each of the two types of envelope shapes just described, one with an outwardly concave first One main member has one main member, the other has an outwardly convex first main member, and the reinforcing member is the outer shell. As already mentioned, the first and second main members may be provided along the length of the The reinforcing means has two pairs of corresponding and opposing edges along its length. A preferred embodiment may be disposed between each of a pair of corresponding and opposing ends thereof. In such cases, the mounting member to which the electrode is fixed serves as a reinforcing means. The mounting and reinforcing members are made of materials that are not permeable to gases in the space (e.g. trademark TEFLONJ) is preferable.

These two embodiments of the envelope, as already briefly mentioned, Easily formed vines. Such a device consists of a large number of similar envelopes in close proximity in parallel. It has a structure arranged in the following manner. The first main member is almost parallel and has a radiation exit wall. and the second main member is of course parallel.

the first main member is formed from a wall of such a radiation emitting wall that is integrally formed; is highly desirable, in such embodiments a similar arcuate section and an intermediate seal Preferably, a piece of quartz glass is used, formed from a Each of the arcuate portions forms a first main member of the group of envelopes. Such an example In this case, it is desirable that the second main member is also integrally formed. The second main member is preferably a formed polymeric material, with the second main member being an integrally formed second main member. This multi-envelope structure, which is preferably shaped to accommodate one piece, can be easily It can be manufactured to have considerable structural integrity and is suitable for water purification applications. How useful is it?

Another highly preferred form of the invention is that the first i3 and second main members each have inner channels. tube (inner tube) and outer tube (outer tube), and these tubes are preferred. The outer channel is preferably concentric and the long envelope space is annular. The tube is radiation reflective and the inner tube is radiation transparent. No. 2 The main member is called a tube because of its inner shape; its outer shape and structure are , can be made in various shapes for many of the purposes mentioned above. The tube has a circular space. It is desirable to have a cylindrical shape.

In this embodiment, all radiation exits the envelope through the inner tube. It is being done. There is also an inner tube. Passage of fluid to be treated by radiation Worked as a conduit (.

This example represents a prior art radiation injection envelope used to irradiate flowing fluids. It has many advantages over Some of these advantages are that the radiation exit surface is circular Although it is cylindrical, it is opposite to the cylindrical arrangement of the emitter in the prior art. Ru. As already mentioned, quartz and other similar materials work better under compression. It becomes. In this embodiment, the radiation emitting first main member is exposed to gas pressure. is convex inwardly, and this first main member is placed under pressure. therefore It becomes possible to use high gas pressure.

In this tube embodiment, the first and second mounting means are located on opposite sides of the concentric tube. a circular end member fixed to the end portion, the plurality of electrodes having an annular inner portion; , on the inner side of the end member so that the electron flow is along the length of the annular space. They are placed at intervals.

In a particularly preferred form of this embodiment, the reinforcing rod runs along the inner tube along the envelope. the inner and outer tubes extend from one end member to the other; This rod, which is preferably located concentrically between the The rod has a relatively small diameter and does not impede flow through the inner tube. The rod has the function of reinforcing the long envelope structure, and is also used as a wiper or Serving as the moving part of the scrubber device, this device removes the internal A vine is driven along the length of the inner tube to remove surface deposits.

Another advantageous feature of the rod is that, thanks to its position, the radiation converges with other radiation. areas of almost unpredictable interference, such as those caused by eroding and colliding area can be removed. The greatest density of radiation is along the centerline of the inner tube. It is in this space that the rod is placed.

Although the inner and outer tubes are preferably cylindrical, other cross-sectional shapes are possible. may be selected for both or one of the inner and outer tubes, and The shapes of the side and outer tubes also need not be similar to each other.

Various envelope shapes using the inventive concept (in these, a given envelope Size often has a radiation emitting surface area relative to space. ), the mark of the prior art The present invention tends to have a faster heat release rate than semi-uniform cylindrical tube envelopes. In the preferred form of For heating, heating means are fixed to the second main member outside the envelope space.

As already mentioned, the second main member may be formed to house the heating means. , the heating means is a fixed heating element arranged on or fixed to the second main member; or by providing channels for passage of the heated fluid within the second main member or otherwise. This heating means may be separated from the electrode means and is preferably separated from the electrode means. Such a separate heating means eliminates the need for a starting device.

If a metallic coating is applied to the inside of the second main member, this coating serves not only for the reflection of radiation (but also from the heating means fixed to the second main member). It also acts as a good conductor of heat.

Hoshi Omame Ωdanto It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved gas-containing radiation emitting device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiation ejection device with improved operating efficiency. It's there.

Another object of the invention is for the emission of radiation to maximize the number of active fluorescent sites. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved packaging. Another object of the present invention is to Increase the proportion of radiation emitted from envelopes as usable radiation. The object of the present invention is to provide a radiation emitting device with a high level of functionality.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved radiation source in which the average path of the radiation within the envelope is shortened. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a line injection envelope.

Another object of the invention is that it allows for modifications to be made to suit particular purposes and particular tasks. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved radiation ejection package that is easily made.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiation ejection envelope having particular advantages for the treatment of flowing liquids. Our goal is to provide the following.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for applying radiation to a fluid flowing outside an envelope space. The objective is to provide a radiation emitting package.

Another object of the invention is to apply radiation to a flowing fluid with reduced turbulence in the flowing fluid. An improved radiation ejection envelope is now available.

Another object of the invention is to use water purification, such as ease of manufacture and maintenance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiation emitting structure that has the following characteristics.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiation emitting envelope arranged to form a radiation emitting wall. Our goal is to provide the following.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a radiation ejection envelope that allows the use of inexpensive materials. It's about doing.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiation ejector that allows the use of high pressure gases in thin envelope walls. The goal is to provide a package.

Another object of the invention is to provide a radiation delivery envelope for applying radiation to a fluid flow from all sides. It is about providing a physical body.

These and other objects will become apparent from the additional description and drawings below.

Ward! Reprint version FIG. 1 is a partially sectional perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a supplementary cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the portion indicated by numeral 3 in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. using the body.

FIG. 5 is a reduced bottom view of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (with background removed) of another preferred embodiment of the invention. Ru.

FIG. 7 is a diagram similar to FIG. 6, except for the details of the modification of the embodiment of FIG. A gas-filled envelope having almost the same shape as the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is used.

FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of another preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 taken along line 9--9 of FIG.

FIG. 10 is an elevational view of the left side of Section 8.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line segment 11-11 shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view (with background removed) of another preferred embodiment of the invention. Ru.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged longitudinal partial cross-sectional view across the length of a long package; It shows a modified version of .

Na no - na snow The accompanying drawings illustrate several different preferred embodiments of the invention. These examples In the description, corresponding parts are associated by the last two numbers.

1 to 3 show a radiation emitting device, and FIGS. 4 and 5 show the above device 100. A radiation emitting device 200 that is a modified example of . Figures 6 and 7 are the equipment 300 and 400, with device 400 being a modification of device 300. Figure 8~ FIG. 11 further illustrates a radiation emitting device 500 in accordance with the present invention. Figure 12 shows multiple packages. A body radiation emitting device 600 is shown. FIG. 13 shows yet another radiation emitting device 700. show.

1 to 3, the radiation emitting device 100 has first and second separate long It has elongated main members 132 and 134.

The first and second main members 132 and 134 are in a fixed position relative to each other and are An envelope space 136 is defined having a substantially constant cross-section along the direction. in cross section The first main member 132 projects outward, and the second main member 134 projects inward. As a result, the envelope space 136 has an arcuate cross-sectional shape.

The first main member 134 is preferably made of quartz or other radiation transparent glass. However, there is only one side from which radiation exits the device 100. second main part The material 134 is preferably made from a hard polymeric material, and as discussed below, It has support members 123 and 124 formed together. Its inner surface has radiation reflective properties This will be explained in detail later.

Main members 132 and 134 are comprised of two pairs of opposed edges extending along a common length. It has azaleas 138-140 and 142-144. First elongated mounting member 1 46 is between the edges 13B and 140, and the second elongated storage member 14B is located between the edges 13B and 140. It is between edges 142 and 144. The mounting members 146 and 14B are in the space 136. made of or coated with a material that has non-absorbing properties for gases. desirable. Such a material is, for example, Teflon (trade name), preferably Teflon. What is new is that it not only has non-absorbing properties, but also works well as a seal for the envelope space. This is because it has properties that allow it to work.

The mounting members 146 and 148 have edge portions 121 and 122, which are connected to the first The main member 132 of the main member 132 receives opposing edges 138 and 142 thereof. Second main member The width of 134 is the width of the lead part or the first main member when the mounting member is placed at right angles thereon. The opposing edges 138 and 142 of 132 are made wide enough to have a gap. There is. Either this or the temperature rises in the first and second main parts during their use. It helps to adjust for relative dimensional changes caused by Tightening members 173 and 17 4 or the edges 138 and 142 of the first main member 132 are placed on the mounting members 146 and 148. is sandwiched between the fixing device 175 and the second main member 134. It extends through the mounting members 146 and 148 for connection.

The first and second elongate bearing members 146 and 148 have inner portions 150 and 15 2, which are exposed to the envelope space 136 and the device 100 also extends along the longitudinal direction. It is a flat surface that extends. The maximum inner cross dimension of the envelope space 136 is the inner portion 150 toward the inner portion 152. The envelope space 136 is its maximum is clearly smaller than the space of a cylinder with a diameter equal to the inner cross dimension of It is.

A plurality of electrodes 154 forming a first electrode means are mounted along the inner portion 150. , another plurality of electrodes 156 forming a second electrode means are mounted along the inner portion 152. It is placed. These plurality of electrodes 154 and 156 are within the envelope space 136, In pairs facing each other, on each of the inner portions 150 and 152 an equal number of It has electrodes. FIG. 1 shows two of the electrodes 154 and 156, the others are not shown. 1 and 2 show some of the electrodes 156. 1st and 2nd The elongated mounting members 146 and 148 serve as mounting hands for the electrodes 154 and 156. It serves not only as a step but also as a means of strengthening the envelope structure along its length. stand.

As already mentioned, the inner surface of the second main member 134 has radiation reflective properties. No. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the second main member 134, which has a metal coating on its inner surface. Membrane 158 is coated with a metallic coating, optimally aluminum. Second main member 1 The main portion 160, having a thickness of 34 mm, is made of a rigid substantially polymeric material as shown in FIG. metallization 11158 is subjected to a sputter coating process or other public It is coated by a known coating method. The metal coating 158 is then a thin layer, e.g. For example, it is covered with a layer made of a material as described below, thereby enclosing the envelope space 13. 6. Protected from harmful effects of gases and corrosion. ! 159 is desirable is formed by spraying.

The second main member of each embodiment of the present invention is as described above.

It has a coated inner surface similar to that shown in FIG. Other forms of reflective coati The second main member can also be made reflective in other ways. deer A metallic coating, preferably aluminum, is most suitable.

The radiation emitting device 100 is closed at both ends by end members (not shown), These end members also have an elongated mounting member 146 relative to the main members 132 and 134. and 148 have a liquid-tight structure. The end member is connected to the gas within the space 136. It is desirable to have an inner surface with incompressible properties.

In some applications, the device lO6 utilizes high pressure gas within the envelope space 136. can. This increases the level of radiation emission. That is the envelope space 136 This is because the incidence of electrons colliding with radiation-emitting atoms increases within the range. The gas is High pressures, including, for example, mercury vapor and sodium vapor, are within the range of high pressure envelopes in the prior art. Enclosed is fine.

In an enclosure such as device 100, the outer recess of first main member 132 may be recessed in several ways. Desirably, this is especially true when the device 100 is used for processing flowing liquids. . The advantage of using this type of shape as an envelope becomes obvious when using high-pressure gas. Becomes an author. In such cases, the high gas pressure within the high gas space 136 the outer recess of the first member is displaced by a force based on the weight of the base body added to. The outer recess of the first main member 132 and the shearing effect are similar to the device 100. The combination of the material of the first main member 132 and other conventional high pressure radiation radiation Make it thinner than the container.

Other features of the first main member having an outwardly concave shape when applied to liquid treatment The advantage is that it acts along the inwardly concave shape of the second main member 134; directing a large amount of radiation onto the liquid flowing past the device 100 by It is. Such orientation eliminates radiation losses, which are also common to prior art devices. Ru.

The above orientation can also be achieved by arranging multiple similar radiation emitting devices side by side, thereby Enables the creation of radiation emitting walls. Figure 12 looks like this, as described later. This shows a radiation emitting structure.

The radiation emitting device 200 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes first and second main members 232 and and 234, which are the same as the main members 132 and 134 in the device 100 above. It belongs to Mr. However, the device 200 is designed so that the device 200 can be operated on both sides of the envelope space rather than in the longitudinal direction of the device. This device differs from the device 100 described above in that it has a loading member for the electrode.

Specifically, electrode mounting members 246 and 248 have a uniform structure at the ends of device 200. It is a cap-shaped member with a structure. End members 246 and 248 are of end member 246. an inner portion, such as inner portion 250, on which an electrode, such as electrode 254, is placed; has been done. In the device 100, the electron flow traverses the width direction of the envelope space. However, here it is along the longitudinal direction of the envelope space 236.

Made of Teflon or other non-absorbable sealing material and non-absorbable sealing material elongated reinforcing member 272 or corresponding pairs of edges of main members 232 and 234. It's caught in between. These reinforcing members do not have electrodes on them or have an encased structure. 273 and 274. and serves as a fixator 275, which connects the first and second main members 232 and 23 4 in a fixed relationship with each other.

Each embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings is fixed to a second main member outside the envelope space. It is possible to have an additional heating device. However, the heating element Only injection devices 200 and 500 are shown.

The heating element is guided through the second main member into the envelope volume and heats the contained gas. do. The second main member, which is metallized, is connected to the heating element within the enclosure due to the conductive properties of the metal. Helps transmit trapped gases and heat.

Preferably, the heating element is separate from the electrodes. Such heating elements are housed within the enclosure. There is an electric current that not only maintains the temperature of the contained gas but also prepares the gas for operation within the enclosure. It also helps in locating the starting device in relation to the poles.

The heating element can take various forms and may be placed on or within the second main member. It can be arranged in several ways. They are shown in Figures 5 and 8. whether external to the second main member, embedded within it, or heat-containing. It may also be a groove that regulates the passage of heated fluid for transmission to gases within the body.

FIG. 5 shows heating element 263, which is fixed to the outer surface of device 200, the lower side. has been established. Heating element 263 includes electrodes disposed on end members 246 and 248. , and operates in the manner described above.

The radiation emitting device 600 shown in FIG. 12 has three parallel and adjacent radiation emitting devices. It has a package that is similar to that of device 200. Next about the device 600 explain.

The device 600 has several parallel first main members that together emit radiation. A line exit wall 662 is formed. The first main member 632 is a single radiation transparent sheet 66 The sheet is preferably made of quartz glass. sheet 6 Reference numeral 64 is made using a known glass molding technique and includes three arcuate radiation emitting areas 637 and 64. and a seal and support area 639 therebetween.

The device 600 has several parallel second main members 634, which are arranged in a single polymerized It is integrally formed as a piece 666.

Element 666 is preferably made by known plastic molding techniques and includes male end 64. 3, the male end 643 seals and supports the sheet 664. It is shaped to engage with the holding area 639.

Tightening members 673 and 674 fixed by a fixator 675 hold the seat 664 in place. Tighten and fix in position. Cover member 616 is also held in place by retainer 673. held. Cover member 616 also retains sealing strip 617. It is used. This sealing strip provides sealing and support area 639 as well as seat 664 into the male end 643. child This serves to seal the parallel envelope spaces 636 from each other and from the outside. Member 616 also defines a passageway 618 that is parallel to and in series with the device. 600, which provides a passageway for the fluid ejected while passing through 600.

The inner surface of the inner exposed polymeric piece 666 that is exposed to the envelope space 636 is preferably is coated with a metal and is preferably coated with a metal and a coating with protective properties. This is as described with respect to FIG. This is the radiation passing through the first main member 632. to increase and focus the fluid emission through the device 600.

Each envelope space 636 is elongated and elongated, similar to that described for device 100. It is arcuate in cross section. A long envelope with multiple electrodes (not shown) They are placed on both sides of the gap 636. These envelopes create radiation exit walls. It functions similarly to the device lOO, except that it is assembled in one piece.

When the flow of electrons is along the length of the envelope space of the device 600, the envelope space A modification is made to position the electrodes in place for electron flow across the width of the electrode. Naoko Other changes and modifications can be made as appropriate.

This type of device emits radiation in one direction over a large area; They are useful in the treatment of flowing liquids, and they are relatively inexpensive in construction; Maintenance is also easy. In some cases, complex mounting in liquid handling equipment Structures can be reduced or eliminated.

The radiation emitting devices 300 and 400 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are the devices already described. It has similar characteristics to 100 and 200.

The similarities include the arrangement of the first and second storage members, the support structure on the second main member, and This is a method for assembling the main member and mounting member. 6 and 7 show the apparatus 100 and 200 illustrates two different embodiments of the electrode device method described above for 200; The description is I won't give up here.

However, devices 300 and 400 have first elongated main members 332 and 432. , they project outwardly relative to the inwardly recessed second main members 334 and 434. They have a mirror image relationship. This is best illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, where 6 and 7 show the envelope spaces 336 and 436 observed along the length of the mirror image. A cross section of is shown.

In the device 300, the maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of the envelope space 336 is equal to the first and second lengths. A line extending between inner portions 350 and 352 of elongated mounting members 336 and 348. Ru. The shape and dimensions of envelope space 436 are similar to envelope space 336. tatashiso The mounting member of the device 400 has an inner portion 459 on which an electrode 454 is mounted. It is a cap-shaped end member like the mounting member 446. Therefore, the envelope space 336 and 436 is a cylinder having a dimension equal to the maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of those envelope spaces. smaller than space.

Radiation ejection gas is desirably collected within envelope spaces 336 and 436 at low pressure.

The liquid load to be treated by the radiation is applied to the outer surface of the first main member 332 and 432. When acting on the weight above, its outwardly projecting shape is sufficient.

Radiation emitting devices 300 and 400 have many features of devices 100 and 200. There is. They provide directionality of radiation emission, which is particularly important in water treatment. that They are also advantageous in terms of cost and storage, and can be integrated into a radiation delivery system. form.

The radiation ejection device N500 shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 has first and second elongated It has main members 532 and 534, which have the shape of inner and outer cylindrical tubes. There is. The inner and outer tubes 532 and 534 are concentric and have an annular envelope between them. A body space 536 is formed.

The maximum inner cross-sectional dimension of the annular envelope space 536 is the inner diameter of the outer tube 534. Ru. The space 536 of the annular envelope 500 clearly has a diameter equal to its cross-sectional dimension. smaller than that of a cylinder.

Inner tube 532 is radiation transparent and outer tube 534 is radiation reflective.

The outer tube 534 has a radiation reflecting property with a metal coating such as aluminum on its inner surface. It is desirable that

Radiation emitted from the atoms in the annular envelope space 536 is directed toward the wall of the inner tube 532. and travels directly through this or is reflected by the outer tube 534 and then the inner It passes towards the wall of the square tube 532.

Radiation emission is triggered by atoms flowing along the length of the annular space 536 . Opposite sides of the annular envelope space 536 are circular end surfaces 546 and 548, which an end member 54 serving as a storage means for a plurality of electrodes between which an electron stream is formed; 6 and 548 engage with the ends of the inner and outer tubes 532 and 534 to form a liquid-tight structure. ing.

A circular end member, such as end member 546, has a planar inner portion, such as inner portion 552. The inner parts face each other at both ends of the envelope space 536. of the electrode 556 Such electrodes are spaced around the inner portion as shown in FIG. electrode The flow of electrons between opposing pairs of is a continuous radiation from all parts of the annular space 536. This means maintaining the output.

As best shown in FIGS. 1O and 11, each of the end members 546 and 548 each defines an aperture therethrough, such as aperture 578 in end member 546. The opening is generally coaxial with the end member. Such an opening is Three are axially aligned with inner tube 532 to form a fluid passageway.

The shape of the device 500 is such that it allows fluid to flow through the device. , when the fluid flows through the inner tube 532, the radiation impacts the fluid from all sides. It is adjusted accordingly. Such a shape is an example of reliable water purification It is particularly suitable as a

The reinforcing rod 594 is coaxially connected from the end member 536 to the end member 548 via the inner tube 532. It extends to At one end, rod 594 is terminated by cross supports 596. the cross supports provide fluid communication through end members 546 and 548. The rod 594 is held in place while continuing to allow for overflow. Rod 594 is long It not only serves to reinforce the radiation emitting device 500 in the horizontal direction, but also serves to strengthen the internal wiper. It may also serve to provide installation and guidance for elements (not shown). The internal The IPA element is used to clean the inner surface of the inner tube 532, which is specifically involved in the water conditioning device. It is used.

Since the rod 594 is centrally and coaxially arranged, the inner tube 532 can be removed from the space within the inner tube 532. The region of maximum unpredictable interference effects of radiation concentrated towards the axis of the It will be done. The fluid flowing within the remaining space of the inner tube 532 is freed from the central space described above. This makes it more effective.

As shown in FIG. 8, several heating elements 563 are placed on the side of the outer tube 534. be done. These serve the purposes mentioned above. The heating element for the device 500 is shaped like The outer tube 534 may vary widely in shape and may be placed in the outer tube 534 in many different ways. In particular, the structure of the outer tube 534 is thicker than that shown in FIGS. 8 to 11. It's different when it's bulky. In one form, the heating element In the configuration of outer tube 534.

It is placed in a cavity formed near its inner surface. In other forms, the grooves It is formed through and near its inner surface to regulate the flow of heated fluid.

FIG. 13 shows one embodiment of the invention, in which a plurality of An example of the packaging part of the packaging structure is shown. Such embodiments include multiple envelope structures. It may also be used in a separate package configuration.

The inner surface of the second main member 734 has a main surface 727, which is generally It is smooth and concave inward. In some embodiments of the device 700, the enveloping space 73 6 and several protrusions 728 extending from the main surface 727. The protrusion is the first main part It terminates at a distal end 729 adjacent material 732 . The protrusion 728 is divided into However, some implementations do not divide the envelope space 736 into In an example, the protrusions may divide the flow of electrons to some extent.

In a variety of configurations3, the configuration of the protrusions may accomplish one or more of the purposes described above. The purpose is to provide an installation support in an intermediate position for the first main member. By controlling the convection within the gas contained within the envelope space 736, This is to concentrate radiation at the center. In FIG. 13, the protrusion 728 is located at the second The main member 734 may have a columnar configuration extending over the inner surface of the main member 734 or an envelope. The protrusion 728 may be a baffle dividing the body space 736 as shown. It is a support body and/or a convection control body.

The preferred second main member according to the present invention is either a single member or an integrated member. It is a substantially rigidly formed polymeric material, even when applied. very wide range of materials A wide range of formation methods can be used for this purpose. material The selection of materials and forming methods will be obvious to those skilled in the art who are aware of this invention. Factors to consider in selecting the material for the second main member are the length and resistance to be heated.

Suitable thermoplastic materials include polyservonate, polyphenylene sulfide, poly Amorphous polymers such as phenylene oxide (trade name N0RYL, poly engineering plastics such as sulfur, polyimide, etc.) and Contains crystalline thermoplastic materials such as iron (trade name: ZY, manufactured by DuPont, etc.) . Some types of thermoset materials, such as phenolics and thermoset esters, are also used. can.

As mentioned above, the first main member is preferably made of glass, especially quartz; A selection of glass formats is possible. The material of the first main member will be glass. and other materials have good radiolucency, so the radiation attenuation is the best. It is kept to a minimum and is long enough for special uses.

It is particularly preferred that the material is as thin as possible, the material selection of the first main part being according to the invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art.

An M retention layer such as layer 159 shown in FIG. It may be made of a wide variety of materials that are non-absorbent.

Examples of suitable materials that can be applied by spraying are vinyl organosol, polyvinyl chloride solution, urethane, and epoxy varnish. That's it Such materials are selected to withstand heat well. Some ingredients are like sprays. It must be heated after it has been given. Appropriate protective materials and application methods The selection of methods is well known to those skilled in the art who are made aware of the present invention.

The need for electrical contacts for the moving body of the radiation emitting device according to the invention is shown in the drawings. However, they do not form part of this invention. In addition, release by sequence etc. A control device for operating the pairs of electrodes is not shown.

Methods of construction will be apparent to those skilled in the art given the present disclosure. listed here It is possible to create many embodiments based on the concept.

The principles of the invention have been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, and these descriptions may be found here. This is only an example, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. There isn't.

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Claims (24)

[Claims] 1. In a type of radiation emitting envelope containing a gas and an electron stream between the electrodes, first and second separated elongate main members in fixed relative positions in the direction of their length; A space with a substantially predetermined cross-sectional area is defined along the formed and arranged to have less than a cylindrical space of diameter equal to the largest cross-sectional dimension of , The first main member has radiolucency, The first mounting means and the second mounting means are fixed to the main member and extend across the space. have inner parts facing each other like sea urchins, The first electrode means and the second electrode means are arranged along the first mounting means and second mounting means portions, respectively. A radiation emitting device characterized in that it is arranged as follows. 2. According to claim 1, wherein the second main member reflects radiation. The device described. 3. The second main member is characterized by having a metal coating that reflects radiation. The apparatus according to claim 2. 4. The metal coating itself is covered with a protective layer. The apparatus according to claim 3. 5. Claims characterized in that the second main member is formed of a polymeric material. Apparatus according to paragraph 4. 6. The apparatus according to claim 2 further comprises heating separate from the electrode means. means, the heating means being fixed to the second main member outside the space; A device characterized in that the gas inside the package is heated by this. 7. The first main members are arranged so that they are almost parallel and adjacent to each other and form a radiation emitting wall. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a number of packets arranged in a row. 8. The first main member forming the radiation emission wall is formed integrally. Apparatus according to claim 7. 9. The second main member of the multiple envelopes as described above is formed integrally. 8. The device according to claim 7. 10. In the device according to claim 1, the first main member and the second main member are , are concave on the outside and inside, respectively, and the cross section of the space is an arc, and the second main member has radiation reflective properties, The first electrode means and the second electrode means are spaced apart along the inner portion of the respective mounting means. A device characterized in that it has a plurality of electrodes arranged in parallel. 11. The first main member and the second main member have corresponding and opposing edges along their length. The first mounting means and the second mounting means have two pairs of corresponding and opposing edges. It is a placing member between the spaces, and is characterized in that the electron flow crosses the width of the space. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10. 12. The first mounting means and the second mounting means are located at opposite ends of the first main member and the second main member. The end member is fixed to the space, and the electron flow is along the length of the space. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that: 13. Further, a claim characterized in that the space contains high pressure gas. Apparatus according to paragraph 10. 14. In the device according to claim 1, the first main member is outwardly convex. , the second main member is concave inwardly, and the first main member and the second main member are concave in the length direction thereof. having two pairs of corresponding and opposing edges along said maximum internal cross-sectional dimension; approximately equal to the distance from a pair of opposing edges to the other, the second main member reflects radiation; The first electrode means and the second electrode means are spaced apart along the inner portion of their respective mounting means. A device characterized in that it has a plurality of electrodes arranged at a distance. 15. The first placing means and the second placing means are long placing means between corresponding and opposing edges. a member, wherein the electron flow crosses the width of the space. The device according to item 14. 16. The first mounting means and the second mounting means are arranged so that the first main member and the second main member face each other. It is an end member fixed at the end, and the electron flow is made along the length direction of the space. 15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that: 17. Claim 14, characterized in that the space contains low pressure gas. Equipment described in Section. 18. In the device according to claim 1, the first main member and the second main member are inner and outer tubes, respectively, the space of the envelope being annular; The tube has a radiation reflector so that the emitted radiation is directed through the inner tube. The first mounting means and the second mounting means have a pair of first and second main members. a first electrode means and a second electrode means; is a husband of the electrode means such that the electron flow is along the length of the space. a plurality of electrodes spaced around the inner portion of each mounting means; A device characterized in that the radiation is directed at the fluid flowing through the inner tube. 19. a rod means extends through the inner tube from one end member to the other end member; 19. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that: 20. The inner surface of the second main member projects from the main surface into the space, and the inner surface of the second main member and means terminating adjacent to the main member. Equipment described in Section. 21. Claim No. 3, characterized in that the above-mentioned prominent means consists of a baffle. The device according to paragraph 20. 22. Claims characterized in that the protruding means comprises a rod-shaped structure. Apparatus according to paragraph 20. 23. The second main member has the above-mentioned protruding means and is integrally formed from a polymeric material. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that: 24. Claims characterized in that the second main member is formed integrally with the supporting means. Apparatus according to paragraph 1.