JPH01500305A - IC card system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] IC card system Technical field A microfiche appendix containing 145 frames on 2 cards is included in the statement. It is hereinafter referred to as Appendix ■.

Background of the invention The present invention provides a programmable processor, data and access to the data. and non-volatile read/write memory to store the necessary access codes. An integrated circuit (IC) information card system using a card with an integrated circuit chip that includes Regarding tem.

Contains a storage medium that stores information for identifying the card user and other information. Various information cards have been developed. One such card is the identity of its holder. Embossed text indicating origin, identifier or account number and possibly other information. It's just a regular plastic credit card or ID. Also, Ordinary plastic credit cards and ID cards store data magnetically. It has a magnetic stripe on its back for storage. [Stored in the care stripe] The data typically substantiates the embossed information on the front of the card and may include additional information. Contains information.

Such magnetic stripe plastic cards are less expensive to manufacture and issue. Unauthorized access to information stored on exposed magnetic stripes or relatively poor protection against fraudulent access. It's common equipment You can easily read and change that information using the . Furthermore, magnetic Recorded data on the stripe is free from dirt, scratches, or magnetic material between the magnetic stripe and the magnetic stripe. may be distorted or destroyed by contact with Furthermore, such magnetic The capacity of the Qi stripe is approximately 0.5 to 1.7 bits, or 70 to 70 bits. Limited to 200 letters or numbers.

Another type of card, known as a laser card, is a magnetic stripe card. Similar to plastic cards, but the magnetic stripes are replaced with reflective material. ing. The information is fired by burning microscopic holes on the surface of the reflective stripes with a focused, low-power laser. is stored on the laser card by Laser cards are also Although it has a very large data storage capacity, the exposed reflective strip Inadequate protection from unauthorized access to data stored on the tribe It is easy to read and write it using appropriate equipment.

Other types of information cards include continuous-only or write/continue type integrated circuit notes. Lee is included. Such memory cards usually contain notes on the card. Multiple electrical contacts allowing electrical access to address, data and control terminals is on one or more edges of the card or on the face of the card. However, such a memory card -i to protect most or all of the data stored on the card from unauthorized access. Not well protected. In most cases, the contents of the card memory are This is because it can be easily expanded or added to with appropriate equipment. Furthermore, The memory card is designed to prevent the loss of data stored on the card memory. use volatile memory that requires an expensive internal memory source within the card to do. The above-mentioned disadvantages of memory cards inherently limit their use.

Other types of information cards, known as wired logic cards, include Non-volatile integrated circuit materials are used to provide adequate protection for the data stored in memory. Integrated hard-wired logic circuits are included along with the moly. such card , memory access is completely controlled by hard-wired logic circuits. secret code or secret code before the memory can be accessed. may require keystrokes. Processing power of hard-wired logic circuits This wired logic card can be used for phone payments and records etc. Limited to relatively simple uses.

- i has the latest generation information called Intelligent J or R Smart 1 card. The information card contains programmable integrated circuits along with non-volatile integrated circuit memory within the card. It includes a road processor.

The processing power of this programmable processor is so large that card memo unauthorized or fraudulent access to some or all of the data stored on the Elaborate protection systems can be built into the card to prevent

One such protection system was published on July 8, 1980 by Michael Disclosed and claimed in Ugon's U.S. Patent No. 4,211.919. Ru. In this safety system, the card memory is divided into three zones: A secret zone where read/write operations are only allowed by the card's internal processor. and: Workpieces that allow read/write operations directly by an external card reader/writer. King zone; only read operations are allowed directly by the card reader/writer. It is divided into a lead zone and a lead zone. Card memory secret zone contains at least one key or code, which is the working zone card read/write to determine whether special access operations are permitted. is compared with the key received from the device.

The above card protection system has a data segment in the working zone that is in the application program on the host computer of the board system. As the application program becomes more complex, There is a problem.

Additionally, all data within the working zone is subject to read and write operations. have only one level of protection for each, i.e. with the appropriate key or can read or write the entire working zone by entering a key combination. .

In many uses of information cards, information is included within the card itself to suit the purpose. Card memory data zones can be defined and various data - Assigning different protection levels to read or write operations in a zone It is desirable to have the flexibility to be able to In clinical applications where cards are used to store data, categories of data Restrict access to only certain types of clinical personnel (e.g., physicians, pharmacists, etc.) and similarly limit the ability to add or change data to the card memory. is appropriate.

Therefore, different categories of data regarding the medical receptor can be defined within the card. storage in different zones of card memory and one or more access keys. Appropriate access for read and write operations to each data zone based on It is desirable to assign an access protection level.

Therefore, after the card is manufactured, the card memory can be expanded to the desired number of data zones. can be partitioned into partitions and partitioned into partitions based on one or more access keys. Read or write in each data zone of the memory Structure and method of IC cards that can assign protection levels for each operation There is a clear need for legislation. A system that uses IC cards and methods is a card - Access keys or keys that define the level of protection for data zones in memory. prevents the spread of knowledge about key combinations and prevents mass production. Initialize the card for each use (i.e., data zone of card memory) define zones, assign respective protection levels to each data zone, and create care notes. Preparations for loading appropriate data into Lee's various data zone cards Advantageously, it includes.

Matasato Ω car! In accordance with the present invention, the limitations and problems of the prior art described above are overcome or at least alleviated. C information card, the system that uses and initializes the card, and the card partition memory and prevent the spread of knowledge about access codes A method is provided.

The IC information card of the present invention receives at least data, commands, and key codes. The card also has input/output means for providing data. This card contains a means of non-volatile read/write memory within the card, A memory means has a plurality of addressable bit storage locations. Furthermore, this card is the first command, zone definition data, and input/output means in the card. In response to the input key code received, the human key code is stored on the card. The input key code is compared with the first key code Write the zone definition data to the first @I4 area of the memory only if it matches The zone definition data is stored in a second area of the memory means. consists of one or more zone definition words, each corresponding to a respective data zone of , each zone definition word has at least the starting address of the corresponding data zone, and Specifies the size and size of the corresponding data zone.

Directing the level of protection for each data zone by providing a second means on the card and the second means includes a second command and one or more further key codes. keycode data consisting of a code and an input keycode received by the input/output means. In response to the input key code, the input key code is compared with the first key code, and If the input key code of matches the first key code, then the other key code is written to the third area of the memory means, and each zone definition word is written to the corresponding zone. as to be received by the input/output means for reading data from the No key code specified or one of the first key code and another key code or enter to write data to the corresponding data zone. without specifying any key codes as those to be received by the power/output means. Alternatively, one or more of the first key code and another key code may be specified.

In a preferred embodiment of this IC information card, third means are provided within the card. This means the read command and the data from which the data is read. ・A code specifying a particular one of the zones and the input key received by the input/output stage. input key code in response to a key code to input data in a particular data zone If the input key code is compared to the one required to read and the specified key code the specified key required to read data from a particular data zone. code or required to read data from a particular data zone If there is no keycode specified as Supplying input/output means. In a preferred embodiment, fourth means are also provided in the card. This means a write command and the data to be written into it. ・A code that specifies the selected one of the zones, and the data is the selected zone. and the input key code received by the input/output means. In response, enter the key code to write data to the selected data zone. If the input key code is selected compared to the key code specified as required. The specified keycode and What it takes to write data to a matching or selected data zone If there is no key code specified, the received data will be sent to the selected data zone. write to the

Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment of this IC information card, data is stored in each data zone. stored as data records located contiguously in the zone, and each zone definition word the maximum number of data records that can be stored in the corresponding zone, and the maximum number of data records that can be stored in the corresponding zone. the length of the data for each data record in the zone and the length of the data that should be stored in the corresponding zone. A means in memory for storing data indicating the location of the next data record. Specify the zone allocation area. Each data record stored in a data zone The checksum byte and record status byte indicate the validity of the data record. and each zone definition word also includes a read command and a read command from the corresponding zone. input/output by third means in response to the code designation data to be read; The data supplied to the force means is the last data to be written to the corresponding zone. is the data record written to the corresponding zone? Identify all data records stored in the corresponding zone in order .

Another feature of the preferred embodiment of the IC information card of the present invention is that only a specified number of cards can be used. If the card is ``locked'' after successive unsuccessful attempts to access it. It is. This feature is implemented as follows. The memory means further includes a first memory. Multiple consecutively ordered lock state words containing a lock state word and a last lock state word. each locked word contains the first bit position and the last bit position. have a predetermined number of sequentially ordered bit positions containing, each bit position of each locked state word The position is initially in the second binary state.

Furthermore, there is a fifth means inside the card, and this means includes an input key code and a fifth means. the key code stored in the key code by the first, second, third or fourth means; - In response to a mismatch as a result of the code comparison, the highest bit position is The second highest locked word in the second binary state of the lowest locked word in the binary state. This fifth means for writing a first binary state in a low order bit position or as a result of the comparison by the fourth means, the input key code and the information stored in the card. The input key code that occurred immediately after the mismatch with the key code stored on the card. In response to a match with the key code entered, the previous key code and the key code stored in the card are the first binary code by the fifth means in response to the mismatch with the key code being stored. writes the first binary state to the highest bit position of the lock state word where the state was written. This card further includes a sixth means within the card, and this means A locked word with all but the highest bit position in the first binary state. In response, the card is enabled for read/write access to at least the first and second Si areas of memory. A lock state is established in which access is prevented. Finally, some cards include a seventh means. and the means is responsive to an unlock command and one or more input key codes. and match the input keycode with the preselected keycode stored on the card. Compare, if the input key code matches the pre-selected key code, the best Highest locked word with all but ordinal bit positions in the first binary state A first binary state is written to the priority focus position to release the card from the locked state.

In a preferred embodiment of the IC information card of the present invention, the first, second, third, fourth, Fifth, sixth and seventh means are suitably programmed operatively connected to the input/output means. This microphone is contained within a microprocessor and has a memory includes a programmable sequential-only memory operatively connected to the microprocessor.

An information card according to the invention receives and receives a first and a second card, respectively. a first and second port for connection to human power/output means and at least a command, data a connection means for receiving the data and key code and providing at least the data; 2 - card reading/writing memory means; used for profit. The reading/writing means further includes first means, the reading/writing means further including first means; The second stage contains a command to read the second card and a second command from which data is to be read. A code specifying a particular zone in the second card and a key to be entered in the first card. 1 to the input/output means of the first card; Read data in a specific zone of the second card with one or more read commands data in the memory of the first card in which the requested key code is stored; - supplying the code specifying the zone and the key code received to the connecting means;

The first means is configured such that the key code received by the connecting means is stored in the memory of the first card. for each key code that is requested to read one or more data zones. or the key that is requested to read the data zone. - If the key code is not available, read/write the requested key code. send to means. Thereafter, the first means sends a reading frame to the input/output means of the second card. a code specifying a particular data zone, and a memory means for the first card. for reading data in a particular zone sent to read/write memory from and the input/output means of the second card. The stored data is sent to a read/write memory means.

2-The card reading/writing means also include second means, which means command to write to the card and the selection in the second card to which the data should be written. a code specifying the selected zone, and the data to be written to the selected zone. the first card in response to the connection means receiving a key code to be entered into the card; the selection of the second card along with one or more read commands to the input/output means of the card. The memory of the first card stores the key code required to write data to the zone. A code specifying the data zone of the memory and the key received by the connecting means. - supply the code. The second means is configured such that the key code received by the connecting means is Each of the data zones necessary to read one or more data zones of one card's memory one means the key code and the key code required to read that data zone. If the key code is not available, send the required key code to a read/write memory means. Ru. Thereafter, the second means sends a write command to the input/output means of the second card; A code specifying the selected zone and the data to be written to the selected zone. data and the selected data sent from the memory means of the first card to the read/write memory. and the key code necessary to write data to the zone.

Thus, according to the invention, an IC information card is provided along with two-card reading/writing means. Access the data zone of the card by using the card as described above. This prevents the spread of knowledge about the key code needed to do so. In the preferred embodiment In this case, the first card is a data zone that stores an identification code unique to that card. Contains a tone. After the first card is first inserted into the reading/writing means, the The identification code of one card is read and written by the reading/writing means. stored in memory. Before each read or write access of the second card, The identification code in the first card is read again and stored in a read/write memory means. It is compared with the identification code that is used. The identification read before the second card is accessed. The separate code does not match the identification code stored in the read/write memory means. If so, access of the second card is blocked.

Further, according to the present invention, the IC information card is initialized by an initialization system. However, this system accepts one card at a time for initialization. an input means, both connected to the input/output means of the accepted card; and a first key. Initialization to store codes, appropriate zone definition data, and other key codes and a memory means, and the initialization system includes a first command and an initialization memo. The first key code stored in the initialization memory means is stored in the initialization memory means. The zone definition data received by the input means is stored in the first area of the memory means of the card received by the input means. The initialization system further includes a first initialization means for writing to the area. initialization using the command and the first key code stored in the initialization memory. The other key code stored in the memory means is input to the memory card of the card received by the input means. and a second initializing means for writing to the third fIJl area of the memory means.

An initialization system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides data that is suitable for a particular application. It is also used to load data on the C information card into the zone. this This means that a second memory, such as a magnetic stripe, for storing the file identification code. means are provided on the card and the file of the card received by the input means of the system. read a second memory, such as a magnetic stripe reader, to obtain the card identification code; This is achieved by providing means for the initialization system. Also, the initialization The system stores a plurality of data files, each associated with a file identification number. each data file is initialized by the first initialization means. Each zone of the card defined by the zone definition data written to the card. has multiple data segments corresponding to data zones. There is also a third Initialization means are included, the means for reading the second memory. In response to the file identification code obtained by Retrieve the data file in the mass storage means for the data file to be stored. initial The system also performs the write operations required to write data to each corresponding data zone. command and the appropriate key code, if any, accepted by the input means. The associated data file segment in the corresponding data zone of the card's memory means It also includes fourth initialization means for writing the statement.

The present invention further provides a plurality of How to divide data storage area of IC card memory into segments and how to divide IC information into segments. The access code of the information card is stored in the control card and the 2-card reading/ It also proposes a method to prevent the spread of knowledge about the code using writing methods. provide

Numerous other advantages and objects of the invention will be found in the following detailed description of the invention, as well as in the claims. will be understood by those skilled in the art upon reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the ICI information card system of the present invention. .

FIG. 2A is a plan view of the IC information card of the present invention.

FIG. 2B is a side cross-sectional view of the IC card of FIG. 2A taken along line 2B-2B.

FIG. 3 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of the CPU and EFROM of the information card of the present invention. .

FIG. 4 is a storage area map of the memory of the IC information card of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the storage status byte of a data record.

FIG. 6 shows the protection level of zone definition words in the memory of the IC information card of the present invention. Indicates the definition part.

Figure 7 shows the test address, system and user areas, as well as the Relationship between physical address and logical address of IC information card memory A memory storage map is shown.

FIG. 8 shows the protection management area, zone demarcation area, and data of the IC information card of the present invention. 2 shows a memory storage map showing data areas.

FIG. 8A is a memo showing the organization of the data zones of the ten information cards of the present invention. shows a storage map.

Figure 9 shows the behavior of the IC information card when receiving a command from the reading/writing device. 1 is a flowchart generally showing the process.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the IC information card reading/writing device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a card drive mechanism for the IC information card reading/writing device shown in FIG. 10. 2 is a schematic diagram of an interface circuit for

12 and 13 are both the IC information card reading/writing device shown in FIG. 10. A schematic diagram is shown.

Figure 13 shows the ROM and RAM of the IC information card reading/writing device in Figure 1O. shows the memory storage map of .

FIG. 15 shows the software configuration for the IC information card system of the present invention. It is shown in the form of a block diagram.

FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of the IC information card initialization system of the present invention.

FIG. 17 shows the entire master card for the IC information card initialization system of the present invention. It is a memory storage area map showing body mm.

Figures 18 to 22 show the program flow of the initialization system according to the present invention. A flowchart representing the representation is shown.

Figures 23 to 39 show the IC information card reading/writing 'AH'B of the present invention. The command protocol of the IOS program is shown.

FIG. 40A and FIG. 40B show the IC information card reading/writing device AB of the present invention. 2 shows a flowchart representing the process flow of a recasing program.

41 to 91B show the microprocessor of the IC information card of the present invention. A flowchart of the program is shown.

FIG. 92 to FIG. 107B show the program of the IC information card initialization system of the present invention. The communication protocol for gram commands is shown.

Detailed information on examples As shown in FIG. 1, the IC card system 100 of the present invention has a IC connected to corresponding contacts of read/write device (R/W) 14 via point 24 It has a card 10. The system is equipped with read/write equipment via an electrical link 18. It also has an upper combinator 16 connected to the host combiator 4. Link 18 is R3-23 It can consist of a 2C communication link. The host computer 16 is an IBM model. XT. As discussed below, read/write device 14 includes two It has two sockets or ports for accepting IC cards at the same time. This The individual components of the stem will be described in more detail below.

IC card As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the IC card 10 preferably has a size of 54 An ordinary magnetic stripe credit card with dimensions 86 x O, 76 m. has the same dimensions as the card. This IC card has a magnetic stripe 19 and contains a CPt 120 and a non-volatile memory 22 in the form of PROM or EPROM. It is in storage. Instead, the memory device is EEFROM (i.e., electrically It is possible to use a programmable continuous memory (memory for exclusive use of continuous data), etc. CPU 20 and EPROM 22 are known to those skilled in the art. It is enclosed in card 10 using the eyebrow lamination method.

This IC module has eight terminals 01 to C8 shown in FIG. 2A for reading/writing. It can be electrically connected to the writing device 14 . Card dimensions and electrical terminals Cl-C8 is designed to comply with I5O (International Organization for Standardization) standards regarding IC cards. It is measured. According to that standard, essentially the eight terminals ci-cs The terminals are arranged as shown in the figure, and the dimensions of each terminal are 2. OX3.9ml, The vertical and horizontal spacing shall be 0.54 m and 7.62 mm respectively. do not have. Terminals C1-C8 are in contact with corresponding contacts of the read/write device 14 (not shown). It is designed to match.

Figure 3 shows the electrical connections between terminal Cl-C8, CPU 20 and EPRO gate 22. In more detail, this CPU is a model 8049 8-bit microprocessor. can be sa. EFROM has a focus on 64 (i.e. a byte on 8). It can be a model 2764C with storage capacity. CPU 20 and EPR O? The electrical connection between the control bus 26 and the 13 line consists of two lines. An address bus 28 consisting of one line and a data bus consisting of eight lines. This particular embodiment includes CPU 20 and EPRO? l　22 separately shown as an IC chip, but the equivalent of these two components can be integrated into a single IC chip. It should be understood that it can be made on a chip.

Referring to FIG. 3 for 01-C8, terminal C1 is referred to as VCC and carries power (+ 5 volts) to the CPU and memory. Terminal C2 called R5T is CP This is the recent terminal of U. The terminal c3 called CL is the clock terminal of the CPU. Ru. Terminal C5, referred to as GND, is the ground. The terminal C6 called VPP is EFROM read/write power terminal (in an embodiment consisting of a single 5 volt supply C 1 can achieve this purpose), the terminal C7, designated Ilo, is a read/write terminal. This is a data input/output terminal for exchanging data with a device. terminal c4, C8 is not currently used in typical cards.

IC card/memory A unique feature of the invention is that the cards can be selectively divided into several zones. The point is that a user (data) memory area is provided in EFROM 22, and the each key or password code entered on the card by that user. selectively (read, write, or both).

To explain the memory of an IC card with reference to Figure 4, the IC card memo Lee's data area is divided into multiple zones (which can be from 1 to 255). Each zone also has a zone allocation and a number from 1 to 255. It is divided into records. Each record is further divided into three segments. The first is the segment where the data is stored, and the second is the segment where the check byte is stored. and the third record status byte. The record length is determined by the user. can be selectively defined up to 253 bytes. The total size includes the check byte (CB) and record status byte (SB). The total length is 255 bytes.

Check Byte (CB) detects distorted data in data records used for When a data record is written, the IC card will e.g. A checksum using complementation calculates a value using this data and then checks this value. When a record is written to the memory space and read, the IC card Perform the same calculation and check the calculated value.The value stored as a byte. Check the integrity of the data by comparing it with Record status byte (S B) is used to define record attributes such as data validity, and is used to define record attributes such as data validity. The program's record status is read or written using the byte read-write commands. Ru.

Zonie foot sac The attributes of each zone can be determined by writing the zone definition table to the EFROM of the IC card. A first-order zone attribute is defined for each zone: 1) Record length (number of bytes) 2) Number of records 3) Protection level 4) Update/Career (al record length The length of data per record is expressed as the number of bytes in that record. Ru. The shortest record allowed is 1 byte, the longest record is 253 bytes. It is.

(g)) Number of records The number of records within each zone ranges from 1 to 255.

(C1 protection level This attribute relates to the access level when writing or reading records.

IC cards usually require a one or two corresponding to the protection level defined for the zone to be entered. A key stored on an IC card for a specific zone characterized by a key code The code is input from an external source (e.g. an IC card reader/writer) If the code does not match, you cannot read or write data to that zone. The protection control function of the conventional IC card will be explained in more detail below.

(dl update/career This attribute relates to the mode of reading data from the zone. The zone is set to t updated. When the zone is read, the most recently written to the zone is Only the records that are included will be obtained.

When a zone is defined as ``history'', when that zone is read, All records in the sample are retrieved in the order they were written. "Update" the zone consisting of It is up to the user whether it should be defined as a zone or as a career J zone. Depends on the purpose of the user.

De:) J Shishim (al data write Data is written to the zone sequentially in units of records. For example, if the zone If data has been written up to record magnetic field 1 in ThN, additional data is written to record number 2.

False) Data reading Data records are read from only one zone at a time.

The way a data record is read depends on whether the zone is defined as "update" or Or, it depends on whether it is defined as ``History J.'' If that zone is defined as ``Update.'' If so, only the last record written to the zone is read. Example above In , record M2 is the last one to be read, but if zone m N is read if it is defined as "Update J".If the zone is defined as "History J" then it is read. If so, all records in that zone are read in the order they were written. the above In the example, if zone NIN is defined as rhistory1, the data will be stored in this zone. The records are read from record level 0 to record ml record level 2 in this order.

tel record status byte The structure of the record status byte is shown in FIG. Record status byte focus Each MO-M7 can be given a special meaning in the data record. Ru. The meaning of each focus depends on the system application that uses this IC card. The M7 bit usually has to be pre-defined. Used to indicate unnecessary record J. Record status byte indicates appropriate command can be read and written by issuing it to an IC card.

Key code (password code) This IC card has a memory card to prevent unauthorized use of the card. A password code is required when reading or writing data. This password The code is not required for applications that do not require protection, as described below. be.

There are four types of keys or password codes: 2) Personalization Key (P-Key ) 8 bytes 3) Organization key (0 key) 8 bytes 4) PTN 4 bytes (a) Manufacturer's key (M key) The M key is defined in the mask program of the IC card's microprocessor. be done. Therefore, it is not possible to read it externally by any means. A certain 0M key is an 8-byte password code that is created before the IC is manufactured. The 0M key specified by the manufacturer is controlled by the manufacturer and the user of the system. must be managed and not known to the IC card user.

The M key is used only for internal diagnostic activities within the card. (The system described here User of means the one issuing the initialized card to the User's organization.

(bl Personalization key (P key) The P key is defined in the IC card's microprocessor mask and program. be done. Therefore, it is impossible to read this externally by any means. be. The P key is an 8-byte password code that is used by the IC card manufacturer. Specified by the user of the system upon request prior to construction. P key is system must be managed by the IC card user and must be made known to the IC card user. The P key is used in the following cases: (1) when writing the organization key; (When writing the 21PIN key; (3) When writing the zone definition table; (4) When a system user uses a specific zone for himself/herself.

(C1 organization key (O key) The O key is an 8-byte parameter that can be defined by the user after the card is manufactured. password code. When combined with a PIN code, the 0 key is a card can provide an additional level of protection against The O key has different colors depending on its purpose. It can be used in various ways, but it is usually used as a higher level key than the PIN key. . The O key is stored in the EFROM of the IC card. O key is PIN key Also used to write to RO-.

+dl PIN key The PIN key (Personal Identification Number Key) is given to the user of the system after the card has been manufactured. is a 4-byte password code that can be defined. In case of 0 key Similarly, this key can be used in various ways depending on the purpose, but the PIN key is usually It is used as the private password code of the C card user. The PIN key is also I C card EPl? Stored in OM.

11 pressure and blood (a) Protection level The protection level of each zone is defined in the zone definition table.

The term "protection level J" used here refers to Keys or keys among the defined ones (P key, 0 key, and PIN) necessary for means a combination of Read and write operations on a given zone are subject to various protection levels. You can have a bell. to define protection levels for reading and writing to specific zones. Zone definition words used and codes defining various protection levels according to the invention is shown in FIG.

Various protection levels available in the IC card according to the present invention and each protection level The keys needed for this are summarized in a table.

Table A Protection level Required key 0 Inaccessible 3 PIN or 0 key 4 PIN and 0 key 5 P key 6 Undefined 7 No key required (b) Card lock As mentioned above, this IC card has a zone definition table in order to read and write to the zone. Requires a password code defined by .

If the key entered does not match the required key three times in a row, the card will be “locked”. ”, i.e., it can no longer be used. This "lock" machine The function is for all IC card operations that require a key (e.g. PIN or 0 key writing). (including reading and writing zone definition tables, reading and writing record status bytes, etc.) and is not limited to just reading and writing data records.

fc) Card unlocking After locking, you cannot use the card, but you can use the unlock command once. Once the card is issued, you can use it.

Before unlocking the card, the reason why the card was locked is 1. The user of the card Is it because I simply misremembered the required key, or is there something wrong with the card? The card must be carefully determined to determine if there is an unauthorized access attempt. To unlock, both the O key (or P key) and PIN key are required.

The unlock function can only be exercised up to 486 times on one card.

Memory record area 1 sentence FIG. 7 shows a memory storage area map of the IC card of the present invention.Is the card an EPI? O! It has l. This 64-bit memory consists of three areas: Ru: 1) Test address; 2) System area; 3) User area.

fat test address This is a physical address. Address 0.1.2, 4.8°16, 32.64 ．． 128.256.512.1024.2048 and 4086 are IC card manufacturers Used for testing during construction or use. During the test, 00)1.11)1 ．． 22H133H, 44H, 55H, 66H, 77H, 888, 998, AAI I, BBH.

CCH and DDH data are sequentially written to the test address. test data If each test address is not read or written correctly, a hardware failure is indicated. be done.

[bl System area This area is for use by the card manufacturer and also for system users. It is also unavailable to card users. This area inspects card functionality and It is used to control the code and extend its usage. The size of this area is 119 bytes It is.

fc) User area This area stores user data and is 8058 bytes in size. this ward The area is specifically defined as "logical address J.

Logical address -〇　-8057 (IF79H) (1) Must be specially specified As used herein, the term "address J" means "r logical address".

IC card e/ke has become I Before reading or writing data records to the IC card memory, Memory must be formatted (initialized) to accommodate the specific use of the stem. Creating an IC card memory listing consists of the following two operations: 1) Writing the key code; 2) Writing the zone definition table.

[a) Key code writing Write the PIN key (4 bytes) and 0 key (8 bytes) to the IC card memory. The protection level of all zones must be defined as "R key code not required". If it is, there is no need to write the PIN and 0 key on the card, once written, , the PIN key and the 0 key cannot be changed.

(bl Zone definition table As mentioned above, the zone definition attributes are: 1) record length; 2) Number of records; 3) Protection level (about reading and writing) 4) Update/historical data record read mode.

In addition to the above, the following zone definition attributes must also be defined: 5) Zone departure address: 6) Allocation is the number of bytes.

The zone definition terminology for each zone written to the IC card memory is as above. It is 6 heights long and contains codes representing the 6 attributes of .

Figure 8 shows the IC card memory storage map when defining a zone. The secure management area 705 of the card's memory contains information for detecting unauthorized use of the card. The 0 area 705 used to store the PIN key and 0 key are written. and whether the zone definition area 706 is closed. It also contains status bits. The PIN key and 0 key itself are in memory area 705 is stored in

The remainder of the protection management area 705 (243 bytes) is divided into 486 4-bit nibbles. It is divided. These nibbles indicate an unsuccessful access to the IC card memory. are used one at a time to record the Key entered matches desired key Otherwise, the current The next consecutive non-zero bit of the nibble is zero-cented. Below the current nibble When all three pintos are zeroed, the card is "locked J." By cents the highest bit of the bull to zero, you can "unlock" the card. can do. The input key matches the required key. resets. If the current nibble records an unsuccessful access attempt , all vias of the current nibble) are zero-cented. Unlock the card ie Upon reset, unsuccessful attempts are recorded on the next consecutive nibble.

FIG. 8A shows a memory storage map of the individual zones 707 shown in FIG.

Each zone includes an allocation area 721, which indicates which records within that zone are written. Used to store information about what is included. Within the allocated area 721 The bit is used to keep track of the next available record to be written. . The zone assignment is that the lowest focus of the first byte of area 721 is the lowest focus of the first byte of area 721. When the code 725 is written, it is zero cented. Zone assignment is area 721 The second bit from the bottom of a byte is written by the second record 726 of that zone. It is zero cents when it is entered. specified by the zone definition word 703 of that zone. This occurs as each record is written in sequence, until the maximum number of records written is written. The process continues to cent bits for each record. The last part When the attached record 727 is written, the data in the zone is still read. However, no further records are written to zone 707. In this representative example In this case, the zone assignment for each zone is that the area is within that zone itself. . However, in some cases, the zone assignment for all zones is should be placed together in separate areas of memory.

Check Pie) (CB) 723 has already been explained in connection with Figure 4. . Situation Hyde (SB) 724 has already been explained in connection with Figures 4 and 5. Ta.

Up to 255 zones can be defined within the IC card's memory. Zo The starting address of the zone is stored in the zone definition word, so the starting address of the zone definition table area is There is unused memory space between the point and the starting point of the first zone. . Similar unused memory space exists between two adjacent zones do.

(Size of C1 zone The zone tlh rn, (denoted as 1(n) - number of bytes) is calculated using the following formula: Calculated.

L(n) = + * (n) X (Il (n) +2) + m(n) /8 f2) where J (n) is the length of the record in bytes, -(n) is the number of records. Decimals are rounded up to the next whole number.

fdl zone address calculation The number of zones to be defined is M, and the same address is used for two or more locations. Assuming there is no unused memory space, the Nth zone The starting address S(N) is as follows.

The Nth end address E(N) is calculated as follows.

From the above formula, the last address E (M) of the IC card memory is as follows: Calculated.

However, since there is a limit to the IC card memory area, the last address E ( M) is as follows.

E (M) ≦8057 +6) Because of the limited RAM buffer space available, record length and resolution The product with the number of records in the zone does not exceed 2048.

j! (n) X m(n) ≦ 2048 (800H) +7 + each other standing FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the operation of the IC card. According to this flowchart, I The C card first receives a command at 801 from the read/write device. IC card is next A check is made at 803 to see if the command is supported by the card. judge. If the command is invalid, an error code of 8 will be displayed. 04 and the work stops. But if the command is valid, it will be 8 05 and the output as a result of the execution of that command is provided at 806. .

YueZ top commentary IC cards use 15 types of commands, but these are divided into 8 different groups. , i.e. IC card hardware testing, formatting, key writing, zone reading /write, records remaining to be written to the zone, record status Classified into management, card program version information reading. of its execution It is understood that some commands require specific keys and parameters for The commands of the IC card of the present invention that should be used are listed in Table B of this document.

Result of line (response) by IC card The IC card informs the read/write device of the results of the command execution. That command If the code contains a read command, the The received data is included in the response provided to the read/write device. to IC card A response indicating command execution by a command can take the form of one or more return codes. .

Reading/structure of ki′, Connected to the host computer 16 via the R3232Cil communication link 18, one Alternatively, a reading/writing device 14 that accepts two IC cards will now be described. 1st Figure O is a block diagram of the reading/writing device 14, which accepts the above-mentioned IC information card. 2 bows) 1. 2 (914,915), each reading/writing The device boat is connected to card interface (1/F) 902.901. , the interface connects to read/write devices via data/address bus 903. connected to other components of the Buzzer or acoustic transducer 904.9 05 are also connected to card interfaces 902 and 901 respectively, and each can produce a different frequency, e.g. 600Hz and 2400Hz. . RAM memory 906 with 8 bytes and ROM memory with a total of 16 bytes -907.907A, and CPt1908 in the form of a 280A microprocessor. Connected to data/address bus 903. R5-2320 Interfe A bus 909 is also connected to data/address bus 903. reading/writing style The station 14 is equipped with a power supply 910, which supplies A through a noise filter 911. Receives C90 to 130 volts, 5 volts, +12 volts and -12 volts DC1i pressure is supplied.

914.915 as part of the card read/write device A card drive mechanism is provided for loading and unloading the boat. Such a drive mechanism It is sold by various manufacturers such as Tongban Moore Co., Ltd. in its home country of Tokyo. This power The electrical circuit opening of the interface for the card drive mechanism is shown in Figure 11 below. In the side part, the electrical connections provided to the terminals of the IC card are shown.

When an IC card is inserted into one of the read/write boats, the solenoid is energized. , each card is held in a stable position within the read/write device 14. At this time , the corresponding card insertion status LED 912 or 913 shown in FIG. 10 is lit. . When the card-related procedure is completed, the card ejection button of the boat in which the card was inserted will be pressed. The inserted card can be removed by pressing the button 916 or 917.

However, press the card ejection button while the IC card is in operation, that is, the IC card operation display. If you press the button while LED 918 or 919 is lit, the card ejection button will not move. It is impossible to produce. The card does not originate from the host computer, as explained below. It is also emitted by commands such as

When the card is ejected, the card insert QLED 912 or 913 turns off. .

A more detailed view of the reading/writing device of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Figure 12 is on the left side and the Z80A CPII unit 908 has one of its inputs on the top left. Indicates that it is connected to the driving clock.

The reset circuit is also on the left side of this diagram, along with the connection to the power LED and the power connection socket. It is set in. At the top right of Figure 12 are ROM 907°907A and RAM. 906, which are connected to the address bus at the top of the diagram and the address bus at the center of the diagram. It is connected to the Z80A CPt1908 by a data bus. Poe Le The route selection dip switch devices are shown at the bottom center of the diagram; Provides a square wave output that drives each buzzer. At the bottom of this diagram is R5232 Also shown is the C interface, which includes a baud rate selection chip and an R52 32C interface.

Referring to FIG. 13, the card interface units 901 and 902 are They are shown in the right and left parts of the figure, respectively.

Each interface unit is connected to the data bus at the top of the diagram and , respectively connecting strip CN2. Read/write device boat 91 via CN3 Connected to various solenoid coils of the 4.915 drive mechanism. Card I The buzzer 905 for /Fl can be connected to terminals a and b on the bottom right side of the figure, and A buzzer 904 for the card I/F2 can be connected to terminals c and d at the bottom center of the figure.

A read/write device memory storage map is shown in FIG.

This memory storage map shows that the BI B existing in the OS program area and a part of the 8 byte area of RAM 906 A buffer for IO3 is shown.

IC card system software Figure 15 shows a simple configuration of the software provided for this IC card system. It is shown in the form of blocks. As shown in this figure, the host computer 16 , which includes the upper-level application program and the input/output (Ilo) handler. Contains. The T10 handler of the host computer is the B of the read/write device 14. It communicates with the read/write device 14 through an IOS program. Reading/writing device 14 also has an application program. Communication with IC card 1o is as follows: This is done through the BIOS program of the read/write device as shown. IC card The board 10 runs its own program in its microprocessor's memory. have.

The upper application program is a special program for users of the IC card system. prepared according to practical requirements. Top 110 handlers are top comp provides basic input/output routines for communication between computers and reading/writing devices . The BIOS program is an input/output bundler for IC card reading/writing devices. - input/output to the host computer via RS232C link. perform power operations, perform input/output operations with the IC card, and perform other functions. can be done. Other typical features include the read/write device's internal buzzer 904; ．． 905 on/off function and a function to check whether a card is inserted or not. Contains Noh. The read/write device application program Prepared according to system requirements. Built into the IC card's cPU during chip manufacturing. The card program is based on the configuration of the IC card and card memory as described above. and access.

A reading/writing device is used to store data on an IC card in order to fully utilize the functions of the IC card. Facilitates access by higher-level computers to stored data. top compilation Commands issued by a computer have roughly the following command type: read/write. control command, data record control command, and IC card issue command (I Classified into C card format commands and protection related commands. . The reader/writer application programs are listed in Table B of this document. Executes read/write device BIOS commands.

The host computer and IC card reading/writing device are connected via a modem/acoustic coupler. It should be understood that the devices can be connected through communication links.

The reader/writer application program in the preferred embodiment includes two one of the cards is the control card and the second is the application card or It has a built-in protection plan for use as a user card. This method uses an IC card Knowledge of the keys required to access various data zones in the memory of improves the overall protection of the system by preventing the spread of For example, the O key is something that can be stored on the control card, so no one knows about it. Therefore, the key does not need to be used to gain unauthorized access to the user's card. It is not something that can be easily used by people who want to use it. In addition, this two-power method does not require entry of access keys or other information by the system user.

The reader/writer application program shown in Figure 40 works as follows. : After initialization 4001, a unique field (sequential number) is read from the control card. and stored in a read/write device for later comparison (process 4003). , then various keys such as the 0 key, the Pill key, and other keys defined by the user. process 4004-4014 has access to the protected zone in the control card. read from the screen and later access the application card or user card. stored in a read/write device for use when These keys are It must also be able to be loaded from a computer into the memory of a read/write device. Make a note of which keys are used for specific operations in commands from the host computer. Specify whether it is necessary for A reader/writer application program is Interprets the command and performs the specified operation using the previously stored key. Issue IOS commands as necessary to do so. reading/writing device applications The additional protection features of the installation program begin to operate from this point. one or more keys read/write device application before issuing commands to the user card that require The application program checks the serial number of the control card at 4009 and determines the control power. Make sure the card has not been changed. If it has been changed, read/ When the serial number of the control card in the writer and the applicable key are zero-cented, An error message is then sent back to the host computer. Under such conditions , commands to the user card are not executed, read/write device applications - Commands defined by the program are listed in Table E.

As shown in FIG. 14, the user's program area is located at memory location 10008. ~IFFFH, but 1000B to 3 when optional ROM2 is used Occupies FFFII. Memory area in RAM area at addresses EOOOH-EOFFH The 256 bytes are space for the HARK buffer and Bias program. The RAM area from ElooI to FFFFH is memory.

The basic structure of the marketing system An IC card can be formatted (initialized) in several ways. The terms "initialize" and "initialize" both refer to the 0 key, the zone definition table, and, optionally, the The term "personalization" refers to writing a PIN key to an IC card memory. , writing a specific data record to the data zone of the IC card's memory refers to

One aspect of the invention is to format large numbers of IC cards for specific applications on a mass production basis. Attachment is to personalize. To achieve this, the A configuration is used, which is the initialization used in conjunction with the host computer 16. It consists of a device (1/Z) 50.

The host computer in a preferred embodiment includes a CRT, a keyboard, and a printing device. and an IOMB hard disk and one or more dual floppy diskettes. The IBM-XT has a drive mechanism. Initialization device 50 and host computer 16 are connected to each other by R5-232C communication links.

Each data file to be loaded onto the IC card according to the personalization process. The file can be stored on your hard disk or floppy diskette or other large each personal data file stored on a mass storage medium; accessed via a personal code. Each IC card to be personalized is It is equipped with a magnetic stripe according to the standard format, and the corresponding personal data in the mass storage medium is magnetically encoded with a personal code to address the data file.

The magnetic encoding of the magnetic stripes is preferably performed by conventional techniques to comply with ABA standards or J. to the second track of the stripe according to IS type I, or according to JIS type n. is performed on the first trunk.

The initialization device 50 includes an input slot or an input hopper that receives a card, and magnetically to the electrical contacts in the initialization device that electrically contact the IC card contacts 01 to C8 of Card handler that automatically moves each card through the Strive reader and have. Each card first has a 0 key, a zone definition table, and optionally a PI It is initialized by writing the N key into the card's memory. Such initialization information and its initialization required before it can be written to the card's memory. The P key that is entered is the one that is first entered into the initialization device and stored in the initialization device memory. Ru. Initialization information and P-keys refer to the master card, as explained in more detail below. is advantageously input to the initialization device by the code.

After initialization, if the card in the initialization device is to be personalized, the magnetic strap The personal code on the computer is read and transferred to the host computer. card personal In response to receiving the code, the computer Address the person data file and save the data in the file as a memo on the IC card. Personalize the card by writing in the previously defined zone. Then , the initialized and personalized card is ejected.

To operate such a system, a master card, one or more IC cards 1 0, and some data files must be prepared. Each initialization device There are four types of master cards 52, one for each operation. all masters The information necessary for each operation is written on the card in advance according to a prescribed format. ing.

The information written to the MasterCard includes a different identification code for each operation and an issuance control. Contains the patch number required for the process. Figure 17 is a memo on Master Card 52. Lee storage map.

The operations of the IC card initialization device are formatting, (initialization), personalization, unlocking, and formatting with personalization (personalization).

The files required for formatting and personalization are Z, [), T, (zone definition table) data file and index file. Z, D.

T, files are used for formatting or formatting with personalization.

Z, [1, T, if the data is written to the master card, the upper computer There is no need to store the Z, D, T, files in the memory attached to the computer.

Index files are used for personalization or formatting with personalization. centre The file has record length, field organization, and personal data file format. The number of fields includes zero personalization or personalization used in the search. The formatting includes the number of zones in the card's memory and the file format of the personal data file. Zone and field mapping files are also used to define the mapping between fields. most Later, the personal data file is used for personalization or formatting and personalization. this The file is a fixed-length record prepared by the system user and does not contain heso-goo. It consists of fields and contains fields for searching records.

The upper combiator is capable of initializing (formatting), personalizing, unlocking, and or have a main program to perform both initialization (formatting) and personalization. ing. Z, D, τ, file, personal data file, index file The IC card is the main program for all files, zones, and field compatible files. must be created before it can be initialized and personalized by The main program is , it also requires a master card written in a format containing the required data.

Yu1go Shihihimu FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing the pre-operation portion of the main program. this pro The gram firstly determines the baud rate, parity, stop bits and byte length. Set the communication parameters to their default values of 9600, None, 2 and 8 respectively. Ask the user whether or not they should do so. If not, these parameters 0 then you will be asked for a password, and If the password entered is satisfactory, it will be sent on a daily basis for confirmation by the user. If the 0 date and time displayed is incorrect, the user should enter "n". This will cause the program to return the system to DOS, which allows entry of the correct date and time. Once this is done and the program is restarted if necessary, the system The system completes its previous operation. The screen then formats, personalizes, unlocks, Displays five menu items: Format with personalization, and Exit. The user must use this Select the desired one from the five menu items. Here are the first four menus Explain the items.

Engineering/b (1) Figure 19 shows a formatted program flowchart when this menu item is selected. Once selected, a MasterCard is inserted by the user and the MasterCard The PTN number of the user is requested and entered by the user. Master car inserted the code contains ZDT data and the 0 key (or the corresponding key in different embodiments). If so, the data and key will be automatically read and the MasterCard will be ejected. Next, the program prompts the user to enter the number of cards to be formatted. request that you do so. The inserted MasterCard contains ZIIIT data. If not, the system will download the ZDT file from the memory attached to the host computer. read the file. The contents of the file are then displayed and inspected by the user. Insert If the entered Master Card does not contain O-Key data, this data Input by the user from the keyboard. Mastercard processing is now complete Then, the IC card to be formatted is inserted into the initialization device. Card is formatted the user should continue formatting the remaining cards. The question is whether or not the formatting should be terminated. desired number Once the cards have been formatted, the main program returns to the menu.

plate stopper Figure 20 shows the flow of the personalization program. Follow this program to master -Card insertion is requested and the inserted Master Card is correct. If the master card is found, the user is requested to enter the PIN number of the master card.

If the Master Card contains an O-key, the system will automatically read the key. The master card will be ejected. However, MasterCard does not have 0 key data. If it does not contain data, the user must enter this data via the keyboard. Must be. After that, the system will download the three files required for personalization, namely: dex files; personal data files; zone and field-enabled files; read the file. After the system has read all the contents of the required files, it will personalize them. request to insert a card. The card entered into the initialization device at this point is enables computers to discover appropriate personal data files in mass storage media. must be pre-formatted and have the appropriate magnetic data. must be encoded on that magnetic stripe.

The IC cards are then supplied one by one to the initialization device. The initialization device is a personal code Read the magnetic stripe on each card to discover its corresponding personal code Obtain a personal data file from a mass storage medium and extract personal information from that file. Write the data to the IC card memory. At this time, the PIN key is also written to the IC card. can be included. The system user must also write the PIN number on the IC card later. Can be done. After each card has been personalized, the system will Request whether personalization should continue. When all cards are personalized or personalized When the process finishes early, the program returns to the menu.

unlock process Figure 21 shows the flowchart steps for the release process. The program then prompts the user to insert the master card and the master card. Enter the card's PIN key. At this time, the inserted Master Card is 0. If it does not contain any keys, the O key can be used by the user on the host computer keyboard. Input from Next master card should be removed and then unlocked The card is inserted. The individual PIN key that accompanies each card is then entered and The system checks whether the PIN number is correct or not. After each card is unlocked (or if the PIN number is inappropriate but unlocking is refused) , the card is ejected and the user can continue unlocking other cards or go to the menu. You can choose to return.

Kumininse with Engineering and Ketoka Figure 22 shows a flowchart of formatting (initialization) with personalization. Flowcharts are essentially formatted in Figures 19 and 20. It is a combination of individual steps from the personalization flowchart.

Kojijishi L student χREPOIIT (This X indicates the type of operation performed by the initialization device, that is, the write F depending on formatting, personalization, unlocking, or a combination of formatting and personalization. P, U or C) is the output file of the initializer. Created during operation. Any errors that occur during this operation are called XERROR. file, but this X can be replaced with F, P, U or C. It is. Inspect all file contents using normal file handling methods be able to.

Shinji-sama All communications between the host computer and the initialization device are carried in string format. This consists of 2 bytes indicating the length of the string and 1 byte indicating the type of string. byte, a date byte, and a final byte indicating the checksum. strike The ring length is the length of the entire string excluding the checksum byte at the end of the string. This is a 2-byte field that indicates the (The order of this field is The highest order byte is the last byte. ) 4 types of strings i.e. , command string (specified by 01), data string (02), There is an information string (03) and a control string (04). The data is The checksum can be any number of bytes needed for the type of ring. The sum of all string data immediately preceding the total, provided in two's complement format.

The format of the command string is that the data consists of the command code and parameters. It is essentially the same as above, except that it consists of: data string The format of the tag is also a field that indicates the number of elements in the data and a field that indicates the length of the data in bytes. The above and the tree, except that the data contains another field and a They are qualitatively the same. The format of the information string is such that the length of the string is fixed to 5. except that the data includes the type of error and example details of the error. , essentially the same as above. The format of the control string is is fixed at 4, and the control code shows three types, namely 01 and ACK. 1(, 02H indicating NA, 03H indicating EOT, Almost the same as above.

The basis of the reading/writing device according to the present invention A printed listing of the basic input/output system (810S) is included in Appendix I. It is. BIOS command listings are given in Table C of this document1 The front of this book lists these commands, and the reading/writing The format of the string is shown along with the information transmitted between the device and the IC card.

Figures 23 to 39 show command protocols between the reading/writing device and the IC card. Indicates the rotocall, commands and parameters between the reading/writing device and the IC card. , the direction and order of the return and error codes shown in these diagrams. The commands shown here closely match many of the BIOS commands listed in Table C of this document. do.

Print list of read/write device application programs according to the present invention Also included in Appendix I. This reader/writer application program The commands used in the RAM are shown in Table E of this book, which indicates that the command The protocol used is also shown.

Figures 14 to 9] and Figure B are diagrams of the 10-card program according to the present invention. It is a low chart. Print list of IC card program according to the present invention The details are included in Appendix ■. Figures 92 to 108B@ illustrate the initialization process. command protocol between the host computer and the initialization device (1/Z) shows the file.

Although a particular embodiment of a tC card protection system has been illustrated and described, numerous variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described, as may occur in forms and modifications. They are not intended to be used in any way, and are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the invention. Yes, the scope thereof is pointed out in the appended claims.

Table B Write EV dragon organization key to 23HO 25 HWRZDT Zone definition table writing 26 HCLZDA Zone definition table section Area closure 24 HR11Z [lT Zone definition table reading 10 HRDZON! Zo Read record in zone 11HWI? Record writing to ZN zone 138 hRzNwv Confirm and write record to zone iA 15H5TWR Record Status Byte Mark 14) I 5TRD Record Status Byte Mark Light reading zone 27 H eye LOcK Unlocking the card that has been opened 2 8HREl'1AIN Read the number of remaining records 308? Made by ITEST Card test at the time of construction 31 HR715 card reading test 02 H5ELC1? 2 Card reader #2 selection 038 BZOlI block 9'--t7 048 BZOFF Buzzer-off 05) (5t) IN R3-232C data input 06H5DOIIT R5-2 32Cf'-Evening output 07) (CDINCK Card-in inspection 08HINIT IC card reading/writing device initialization 09 S (CEJCT card ejection 10 HRDZN zone reading 11) 4 ZN zone writing 13 HIjRZ) ihV Confirmation and zone writing 14H5TRD record Status byte read 15 HSTI<R record status byte write 2] HPIN 屓R pHi code writing 23) (0KEYER & H weave + - writing '24) (R [lZ mouth T zone definition table Read 25 HWRZDT Zone definition table write 26 HCLZDA Zone definition Closing area 27 HUNLOC Protective lock canceled 28 HReliain Reading the number of remaining records 308 MTEST Card test during manufacturing 31 HRTEST Card reading test (test during use) 42 H$IDMPD Ma Reading program data Note: What are command codes and other parameters? , before the BIOS call should be sent to the register and appropriate registers. .

CDlNCm1 None A: Return code BZON None A: Return code CEJCT None A: Return code ↓ PI) IWRHL + Banfa A: Return code (21B) Address )IL ↓ ↓ Table D (continued) Command input return ↓ One type of second key and one second key are not always necessary.

(The first key is also not required at the lowest protection level).

Table D (continued) Command Person Power Return D ni record room (0111~FFH) E: Bit depth (0-7) 1st step: Card memory blank inspection, 2nd step: Test writing and confirmation Test writing means writing test data to the test address (see table below) do ? After the ITEST command, the card memory is moved to the near address (he w) 0 1 2 4 8 10 20 40 80100200 data (he x) 00 22 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 AA Dress (hex) 400 800 1000 Data (hex) BB CC 00 Table D <Vt) Command input return l Once Read/Write Device Abbreviation Program Command RM Command RMP Zone # 12M0 Return code R Gate B Remaining #Records Key #records remaining RO return code RB record # record length From record #1 up to record #n Key zone# return code #Records used record length From record #1 up to record #n Table E (Vt) Read/write device application program command-B return code Key VB return code Key Table E (continued) Read/Writer Application Program Command ZO Return Codes Key Table E (continued) Read/write device application program command C3 C4 C5 Table E (continued) Read/write device application program command status byte #l Key #record used From status byte #1 SWB bit # (0-7) Table E (continued) Command keys for read/write device application programs Bit # (0-7) Table E (continued) Read/write device application program command PIN (written ) General information: All commands and parameters (if any) sent to the card are Ends with an ASCII Carriage Return-Line Feed pair.

In addition, all data transmission from reading/writing devices is done using character ASCII Carrig. e Ends with a Return-Line Feed pair.

All commands that require a key operation (with a choice of available keys) If not, set the key for R/W in advance from the host or control card. and request. E (Either) option is for one type of key and the key is request input from the program.

Table F The command code is as follows: 00H: N0P 01H: Card person 02H: Card out 03H: Magnetic data writing 04H: Magnetic data reading 05H: Contact lowered 06H: Contact point up 07H: Zone writing 08H: Read zone with data 09H: Read zone with no data OAH: Formatting OBH: Unlock OCH: Sensor inspection ODH: Each output device is on OEH: Each output device off OFH: Data transmission 10H: PIN write FIG, 2A FIo, 28 /N2 (Gζ: No change) Joji ζ inside f;::; no length) (NOTE) J-E Shingo Tan Dish FIG. 8A Engraving (no changes to the content) Clean-;';-4, ゛:2 I 2Σ) cleansing! ’;”-1’?: j knee change) Jyo L' + Go, :, Knee sword mouth Engraving (no 10,000 yen in content) Printing, ryoko L2Sl, -Shino PINWR<　PIN record〉 R/W (BiO9) 7 feet Command (21)-1> PIN (4-byte data included) ○KEYWR<Key write> R/W (8105)’7-)” Command (23H) (VPP OI'J) shi) K, EKEYC's 12 ESECMO'%-(@-included) (return) FIG. 24 S proclamation 't:m, 2°Yu]2'1・L) ROZOT < Thorn * k * *’l’fl　’)>R/W (BiO2) card (VPP ON3 WRZDT <　Zone setting ^゛Table writing> RAW (810, Sl 77-D (VPP 0N) CLZDA　<゛-son fixed Pt section tfVd child 1i　>RAW　(BIO5+ 77-)’ RDZN <Zone reading> RAW (81051 card Command (10H) Key 10 members (〉missing jj)! I code data [L] 8 to 1 Character meeting now 1 ↑ Byte Kiuke Daikusato no X4) [N] Refudo's Makomen y Ice Cream Key Procedure > RA W (8105) Routine SL: To the store] (IC card Tsu・ra) Clean S, ′:, no f) in the content) VJRZN < Thorn writing (1 record writing) RAW (810S ) card ro=■】Go I [ko FIG, 30 □ Go to next page □ Clean 2;,;″: Bas゛, Kojiko 1!, 1WRZN　<゛-son writing　(1 level Code customer included)〉□　Leopard　1　Power゛　□ ---" Lysizim and Shijita 12, RAW (BIO5) card Command　”　(H)-1) The code is ``Ro''. Take (L byte) Inspection↑ STR[) <Record 4 big brother iJ, Tori> RAW (Blos) Katana − de Rokoni → Tateun=ko Record number, UN] [N] Recovery (Tears) FIG, 3B nn: ko; i'hai; 2] 2; Σ none) STWR Included〉Fi/W　(BIO5) Card Command (15th) Mouth=]310[ko 7;'uchite;, nibuni]te, -) -=Yo++11j! 4’F! ’,=] RAW (Sunday 10S) Card Command (3ΦH) RTEST< RAW (8105) card Command (31H) RDMPD　<　Mask・7°rodap4do・data i sales〉RIW〉(BI O5) sword Komasodo (42HD ・fi’+1lF (content 1 unchanged) nn’L”, i’r, ;-2 2 = Shishi) 4 big brother 1 included command "Daishi Jou, t < 4) Yoshiuri Tori command nature 41+, +,,, -2 years old -'-1,゛1FIG, 53 FIG, 54 Junirc;’2;;this y;shi) Engraving (No. 2 toshi on the content) FIG, 56B Engraving (no changes to the content) FIG. 57B ；゛nee 11. ';-7i,)i:'-iFIG, 59B FIG. 61 Jyo 3-member discount: No Z2) FIG 64 YuIjJ (no change in content) FIG, 65B ! ! 2 (no second change in six) FIG, 66A 8th brother I゛′-゛ni, :! 2:ko) (1'naj win FIG, 66B same FIG. 69A -ν2 (Contents, new?) FIG-69B ? ″;Go, Ha, ’2, :-No. 2---) Engraving (no 1 in the content) Joba (no change in content) FIG. 75A n communication (F4': J7j2 unchanged) 0: (content: no lx) Jyo 3, -2;::Ko゛ For Jojigo customer -fr:X-,L) FIG. 77 Jyo:''': 10,000 L per word) Engraving (no changes to the content) FIG, 8i Engraving (i' Risa no change) Engraving (no changes to the content) F [G, 85 R/'s FIG. 87A Jyotan (L changed to force and strength) FIG.87B Jyo: Moon (”['complete knee]lko・shi)FIG, 87C ・　”：：　：　-：T　E-j-＞ INREG=RR FIG, 88A Engraving: No changes to the content. FIG, 88B ni (j, kobina 1.) FIG, 88C η1ko・1:5. Uni22・-1 FIG, 89B Juice (no change in content) FIG.90 FIG.91A Engraving (no changes to the content) FIG, 91B Purification'ke:', fu:''J sword - Jshi) NOP command (2[F]H) 1. function I/ZT5 command wait non-existence 1ζ 3, command format Jokichi (no change in content) Card input command (φ7H) 1. Old talent 3. Command book 4 Information 1! ! formula %formula% −・・r・nee・urchin・senn Card output command (φ2l-1) 1 Old Ban Noh Send a card; 3. Command format 4　Joy @Nishiki FIG. 94 -tj・(!F (1 content unchanged) Magnetic data write command (-3H) i, m friend 3. Command format 4,=llt report format FIG, 95A h-ho (no change in content).

FIG, 95B Magnetic data read command (φ4H) 1, support 8 Read Qi 5 and write the card (8L threat, package p1 = publication number) 2. Procedure When an error occurs When transferring Pr Pure? (l'ζ without 1 addition) , 8 command (Φ4H) UN destination) 34 Command format 41. Data meeting 5. Information format %formula% Lower point L acomant (ψ5H) 1. I-orthopedics I lowered my cart and touched the card τ64, l1fI root dog Engraving (no changes to the content) L acomant on point a (φ6H) 1. Function Increase the a point of the card and divide the card [3, command 10 ( 4. Information fire FIG.98 r'knee DI fortune telling 1 Ko-Otsujiichi Zone write command (φ7H) 1. Marono Write the non-4t = theta 4. Information FIG, 99A ri>τ が'go: ゛: 1 chome ℃.

Zone write command (φ7H) (self) FIG, 99B ・Fi + fortune telling (no change in content) Generic sales command (data request) (φ8H) 2 women who have read the data on the dialect. 2. hand) around Error J When retransferring FIG, +00A Engraving (Contents: Two more L) Turn 15 input command (ψ8H) α sell, Ki) 3, Express the command 4. Data format 5. Information format %formula% Jo: ;(Inside, Nifwa! na IJ Zone reading command (φ8H) FIG, 100c ]dIIff (no change in content) Zone reading command (tightness is inappropriate) 1 Function 2. Hand 11@ 3. Command format Read command (ψ9l-1) (ffl) 4, +ll! Report format %formula% Tei-“2′[):”:□:2:=None zone read command (φ9H) (M )FIG, l0IC Pa；−″″″冑″：′：亥ふる） Lock carving command (OBH) 1. Order ability The first key tie 7° (and the second key -Taibuhi LZ different 4, information format゛ FIG, l02A Engraving (no changes to the content) Mouth release foot (OBH) (membrane) FIG, l02B In JT '4X Six Knees'! Shin t”/’j-÷Egg Command (OCH) 1, portable ID FIG. 103△ Engraving (Contents (go change) Beggar check command (OCH) (M) FIG, +03B ? ¥-side (r’no change in common) ON Comaredo (ODH) 1.　Song/Noh 昂1j Case P turns to a certain t crosspiece/corner I turn on the execution team declaration correct 1 6)・Wholesale j transfer p=t1 Robe 5 Mon 1 ko rj Tsuka; JT Ruaroto, Tobon Uku 2Φ Nail 1s0; Shadow jJ&! 'No power FIG. 104 Engraving ζ Contents 1::z None OFF command (OEH) 1゜ Function 3. Command format The scary god Tsugorebe! If you're cunning, you won't be able to do anything. FIG. 05 Engraving (changed to content: Shin) PIN @include command (10H) 1. function PIN top number 3. Command format 4, Ina @ each π FIG. 107A Jyo 8 (no fixed content) PIN writing phant (10H) (poor) procedural amendment (method) %formula%

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. An IC information card, Receive at least data, commands and key codes and provide at least data input/output means within the card; having multiple addressable bit storage locations; a non-volatile read/write memory means within the card; a first command, zone definition data, and an input key received by the input/output means; - code, and input the input key code to the first key stored in the card. Only when the input key code matches the first key code a first means in the card for writing zone definition data into a first area of the memory means; The zone definition data consists of respective data in the second area of the memory means. ・Consists of one or more zone definition words, each corresponding to a zone, and each zone definition word at least the corresponding data zone origin address and the corresponding data zone An IC information card that specifies the size of the ring. 2. The card further includes a second command and one or more additional key codes. in response to code data and an input key code received by the input/output means; Compare the input key code with the first key code, and check if the input key code is the first key code. The key code data is written to the third area of the memory means only if it matches the code. Each zone definition word also has a corresponding zone definition word. as to be received by the input/output means for reading data from the Either do not specify a key code or specify one or more of the primary key code and additional key code. input/output manual to write data to the corresponding data zone. either do not specify a key code as to be received by the step or the first key code is IC information according to claim 1, which specifies one or more of a code and an additional key code. card. 3. The card also receives a read command and the data from which the data is to be read. An input that receives a code specifying a particular one of the data zones and an input key code. /output means to output the input keycode to the data in that particular data zone. the key code specified as required to read the data. The keycode is what is needed to read data from that particular data zone. matches the specified keycode, or from that particular data zone. When there is no key code specified as required to read the data, that particular A third means for supplying data from the zone to the input/output means is provided within the card. , the card is further selected with a write command and the data is to be written to it. A code that specifies one zone and the data that should be written to the selected zone. the input key code in response to the input/output means receiving the input key code; specified as required to write data to that selected data zone. The entered keycode is in that selected data zone compared to the entered keycode. When it matches the key code specified as necessary to write data, or Keys specified as required to write data to the selected data zone of When no code is present, write the received data to the selected data zone. The IC information card according to claim 2, wherein the IC information card is provided with a fourth means for inserting the information into the card. . 4. Data is stored in each data zone as consecutively located data records. and each zone definition word further defines the data that can be stored in the corresponding zone. Maximum number of data records and data length of the end data record in the corresponding zone and the location of the next data to be stored in the corresponding zone. Claim 3 specifies a zone allocation area within the memory means for IC information card listed. 5. A zone allocation area is located within a corresponding zone, and each area within that zone contains one or more sequentially ordered bit positions, each associated with a data record position of The end bit position within the zone allocation area is the data associated with that bit position. depending on whether the data record position contains a data record or not. the first or second binary state, the fourth means further including the first or second binary state of the selected zone; containing a second binary state within the selected zone in response to the contents of the zone allocation area. The data record position associated with the lowest bit position of the zone allocation area data record and its lowest significant bit position containing the second binary state. 5. The IC information card according to claim 4, wherein the first binary state is written to the IC information card. 6. Each data record stored in a data zone has a checksum byte and its a second status byte indicating the validity of the data in the data record of the claim. IC information card described in Scope 4. 7. Each zone definition word is also read from the corresponding zone with a read command. and a code specifying the data to be supplied to the input/output means by the third means. The data supplied is the last data record to be written to the corresponding zone. or stored in the corresponding zone in the order written to the corresponding zone. The method according to claim 4, which specifies whether all the data records are IC information card. 8. A third area of the memory means stores a plurality of lock status words including first and last lock status words. further comprising a sequential order of lock status words, each lock status word having a first occurrence. and a predetermined number of sequentially ordered bit positions, including the last bit position and Each bit position of the state word is initially in the second binary state, and the card is further divided into the first, first and second binary states. 2. input as a result of the keycode comparison performed by the third or fourth means; In response to a mismatch between the keycode and the keycode stored within the card, The second of the lowest priority lock status words whose priority bit positions are in the second binary state. fifth means for writing the first binary state to the lowest significant bit position which is the binary state of is provided in the card, and the fifth means is the first, second, third, or fourth means. The input key code and the key stored in the card as a result of the comparison made. -The input key code that occurred immediately after the mismatch with the code stored in the card In response to a match with the key code, the last input key code and stored in the card are The first binary state is written by the fifth means in response to a mismatch with the key code. The card writes the first binary state to the highest order bit of the lock status word that was is a lock whose bit positions except its highest are in the first binary state. In response to the situation word, the card is inserted into at least the first and second areas of the memory means. and a sixth means within the card to place it in a locked state where read/write access to the card is prohibited. , in response to an unlock command and one or more input key codes. Compare the code with the preselected keycode stored on the card to When the power key code matches that preselected key code, the High ranking of lock status words in which all bit positions outside are in the first binary state A card that writes a first binary state to a bit position to release the card from a locked state. 4. The IC information card according to claim 3, further comprising a seventh means in the preceding claim. 9. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh means are input/output means. contained in a suitable programmed microprocessor operatively connected to , the memory means is a programmer operably connected to this microprocessor. 9. The IC information card according to claim 8, which includes a memory dedicated for continuous reading of files. 10. An IC information card system, the system comprising: a first and a second I C information cards, each of which contains: (a) at least data and a frame; an input/input in the card that receives the key code and provides at least the data; (b) means for storing a first key code; and (c) one or more key codes. It has a first area that stores the data and a second area that is divided into multiple data zones. non-volatile memory means in a card, each of whose data zones include: Enter the keycode on the card to read the data in that data zone. or the first key code and the key code stored in the first area. Requires one or more specified key codes to be entered on the card. and keyed to the card to write data to that data zone. No input is required or the first key code and key code stored in the first area requires one or more specified key codes to be entered on the card. non-volatile memory means defined as; (d) a read command and the identification of the data zone within which the data is to be read; in response to an input/output means receiving a code specifying one and an input key code. input keycodes required to read the data in that particular data zone. The input key code is compared to the specified key code for that particular device. match the specified keycode required to read the data in the data zone or what it takes to read data from that particular data zone. If there is no specified key code, data input/output from that particular zone will not be possible. a first means in the card for feeding the stage; (e) a write command and one selected data into which the data is to be written; code that specifies the data zone and the data that should be written to that selected zone. the input key code in response to the input/output means receiving the input key code; as required to write data to that selected data zone. The input key code is compared to the selected data key code. Matches the specified keycode required to write data to the zone or as required to write data to that selected zone. If there is no key code, the code to write the received data to that selected zone is a second means within the card, and the memory means of the first card comprises a first key. code and a key code stored in the first area of the memory means of the second card. one or more data zones, each storing one or a combination of further comprising IC card reading/writing means, which means: (a) accept each of the first and second cards and input/output means thereof; (b) at least commands, data, and keys; (c) a reading/reading means; (d) a command to read a second card; and (d) a command to read a second card. a code specifying a particular zone in the second card from which data is to be read; the first card in response to the connection means receiving the key code to be entered into the first card; input/output means of the second card along with one or more read commands. The memory of the first card stores the key code required to read the data in the screen. a code specifying the data zone of the connecting means and the key code received by the connecting means. If the key code received by the connecting means is Each key code required to read one or more data zones of the memory vehicle , or if there is no keycode required to read that data zone. , transfer the required key code to the reader/writer memory means and insert the second card. The input/output means includes a read command and a code that specifies a particular data zone. , the specific information transferred from the memory means of the first card to the read/write device memory means. The input/output of the second card is provided with a key code to read the data in the zone. first means for transferring data supplied by the power means to the read/write device memory means; , (e) A command to write to the second card and the data to be written therein. the code that specifies the selected zone in the second card to be used, and the code that specifies the selected zone Receives the data to be written to the card and the key code to be input to the first card. one or more read commands to the input/output means of the first card in response to the connection means connected to the input/output means of the first card; Keys required to write data to the selected zone of the second card along with the command A code that specifies the data zone of the first card's memory means in which the code is stored. the key code received by the connecting means, or the key code received by the connecting means. The received key code is stored in one or more data zones of the memory means of the first card. match the respective keycode required to read the data zone, or If a keycode is not required to read the The write command and selection are transferred to the input/output means of the second card. code specifying the selected zone and the data to be written to the selected zone and the selected data transferred from the memory means of the first card to the read/write device memory. and a second means for supplying a key code required to write data to the zone. IC information card system. 11. The memory means of the first card includes a first data storage unit containing an identification code of the card. the reading/writing device means further including a first zone to the reading/writing device means. After the initial connection of the card, read the first zone of the first card's memory means and read the first zone of the first card's memory means. transfer the identification code of the card to the read/place device memory means, and the connection means receive a command to read the card or write to the second card. read the first zone of the memory means of the first card each time, and read the contents read therein. , the third means compares the identification code with the identification code stored in the reading/writing device memory means; If the contents of the first data zone of the memory means of the first card are read/written If the identification code does not match the identification code stored in the storage memory means, at least the second The IC information according to claim 10, which prevents reading and writing of the memory means of the card. information card system. 12. An IC information card initialization system, wherein each of the cards has a first card. command, zone definition data, and input key code received by the input/output means. In response to the input key code, the input key code is sent to the first key code stored in the card. , only if the received key code matches the first key code. a first means in the card for writing zone definition data into a first area of the memory means; The zone definition data is stored in each data area in the second area of the memory means. Consisting of one or more zone definition words, each corresponding to a zone, each zone definition A word must include at least the starting address of the corresponding data zone and the corresponding data zone. Each card has a second command and one or more additional commands. Keycode data consisting of a keycode and input/output means received by the input/output means. In response to the input key code, the input key code is compared with the first key code, and the input Note the key code data only if the key code matches the first key code It also includes a second means in the card that writes to the third area of the zone definition unit. The word further includes a first key code and an appendix to read data from the corresponding zone. One or more of the key codes must or may not be received by the input/output means the first key to write data to the corresponding data zone. -code and one or more of the additional keycodes must be received by the input/output means. Specify whether or not the system: once the card is to be initialized. input means for accepting cards one by one and connecting them to the input/output means of the accepted cards; and; stores the first key code, appropriate zone definition data, and additional key code. an initializing device memory means for a first command; and an initializing device memory means for and the first key code stored in the initialization device memory means. The zone definition data stored in the memory card of the card accepted by the input means. a first initializer means for writing into a first area of the stage; a second command; and an initializer memo. data stored in the initialization device memory using the first key code stored in the memory means. Enter the stored additional key code into the memory of the card accepted by the input means. and second initialization device means for writing into a third area of the IC information card. system. 13. The first key code, zone definition data, and additional key code are initialized. before accepting the first one of the cards that the input means accepts. stored, and the system further includes a first key code, zone definition data and Third initial stage for transferring the additional key code from the master'card to the initializer memory means The IC information card initialization system according to claim 12, further comprising a means for initializing the IC information card. . 14. The system also accepts and processes a plurality of cards to be initialized. automatic feeding means for sending the codes one at a time to the input means and zone definition data and additions; an automatic acceptor that accepts the card after the key code has been written to its memory means; 13. The 1C information card initialization system according to claim 12, comprising a stage. 15. The card also receives a write command and a selection into which the data should be written. A code that specifies one data zone and writes to that selected zone. in response to the data to be input and the input key code received by the input/output means. and enter the keycode to write data to that selected data zone. Compared to the key code specified as required, if the input key code specified as required to write data to the selected data zone of Match the keycode or enter the data in the selected data zone. If there is no key code specified as required to write, the received data A third means within the card to write data to selected data zones and file identification. and second memory means for storing the eud, said system further comprising: : The second memory means is read to read the file identification code of the card accepted into the input means. each file identification number and a plurality of associated data; a mass storage means for storing data files, and each data file is of the card defined by the zone definition data written to the card by the initialization means. Having multiple data segments corresponding to each data zone and ; responsive to the file identification code obtained by the means for reading the second memory means; data files associated with that file identification code. third initialization means for retrieving data files within the storage means; write commands and the appropriate information needed to write data to each corresponding data zone. If there is a keycode, use the keycode to open the related data file. the corresponding segments of the memory means of the card accepted by the input means. and fourth initialization means for writing to the data zone. IC information card initialization system. 16. the second memory means is a magnetic stripe on the card; the second memory means is a magnetic stripe on the card; as claimed in claim 15, wherein the means for reading is a magnetic stripe reader. IC information card initialization system. 17. Contains non-volatile memory means with multiple addressable bit storage locations. It is possible to specify the data storage area of the memory means in the stored IC information card. Multiple data zones, each with specifiable attributes including recreational access levels A method of classifying into: first, second and third areas are defined within the memory means, the third area being the data storage area; As storage area; at least a first key key for writing into the first and second areas of the memory means; input the first key code and any additional required key codes. writing one or more key codes in a first area of the memory means by pressing; By inputting the first key code and the additional key code, the second area of the memory means is The zone definition data is written to the one or more zones, each corresponding to a respective data zone of the third area of the memory means; zone-defining words, each zone-defining word having at least a corresponding zone-defining word the starting address of the zone, the size of the corresponding zone, and the data in the corresponding data zone. one or more of the first key code and the key code in the first area to read the Whether or not a key code needs to be entered on the card and the corresponding zone one or more of the first key code and the key code in the first area to write the data. How to specify whether or not the above key code needs to be entered on the card. 18. Data is stored in each data zone as consecutively located data records. and each zone definition word can be further stored within the corresponding zone. Maximum number of data records and data for each data record in the corresponding zone indicates the length of and the location of the next data record to be stored in the corresponding zone A request that specifies a zone allocation area within the memory means for storing data. The method according to item 17. 19. Each key code or key to read data in the data zone Enter the code combination on the card and write the data in the data zone enter each key code or key code combination on the card to , a non-volatile memory means having one or more data zones each requiring a Read or write the data zone of the built-in IC information card A method of preventing the spread of knowledge about each key code required for each necessary for reading or writing the data zone of the card's memory means. The key code is stored on a separate control card; the data and The required key code when a read or write of the selected one of the zones is to be performed. transferring the code from the control card to that card.