JPH0135870B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0135870B2 JPH0135870B2 JP56157197A JP15719781A JPH0135870B2 JP H0135870 B2 JPH0135870 B2 JP H0135870B2 JP 56157197 A JP56157197 A JP 56157197A JP 15719781 A JP15719781 A JP 15719781A JP H0135870 B2 JPH0135870 B2 JP H0135870B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- composition
- weight
- sodium silicate
- zeolite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011382 roller-compacted concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はトンネルの覆工に関し、特に地山と巻
立覆工材もしくは支保用覆工材と巻立覆工材の界
面に介在させる界面材及び該界面材を用いるトン
ネル覆工方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the lining of tunnels, and particularly to the interface material interposed at the interface between the earth and the rolling lining material or the supporting lining material and the rolling lining material, and the use of the interface material. Concerning tunnel lining methods.
トンネル覆工において、硬岩や中硬岩などのよ
うな強固の地山構造にもしくは硬化状態にある支
保用覆工材面に直接巻立覆工を行つた場合、該巻
立覆工材であるコンクリートが硬化するに際し、
地山又は支保用覆工材面に追従した形でコンクリ
ートの体積減少が起り、クラツクを発生する原因
になつていた。係る覆工時にクラツクを生じた場
合には、トンネルが保持しなければならない性
質、つまり土圧等の荷重に長期にわたつて耐え、
変状、漏水による浸食、強度の減少のない耐久的
なものでなければならないという諸性質に悪影響
を及ぼすことになる。これを防止するため、界面
材を配置し、巻立覆工コンクリートの硬化を独立
に行なわせる必要が生じてくる。 In tunnel lining, if the rolling lining is performed directly on a strong rock structure such as hard rock or medium hard rock, or on the hardened support lining material, the rolling lining material As some concrete hardens,
Concrete volume decreased following the surface of the ground or supporting lining material, causing cracks. If a crack occurs during the lining, the characteristics that the tunnel must maintain, that is, the ability to withstand loads such as earth pressure over a long period of time, must be maintained.
This will have a negative impact on the properties that must be durable without deformation, erosion due to water leakage, or loss of strength. In order to prevent this, it becomes necessary to arrange an interface material and allow the rolled lining concrete to harden independently.
従来、巻立コンクリートのクラツク発生防止に
は、地山もしくは支保用覆工材面に、合成高分
子、繊維等を主成分とするシート状の界面材を打
ち留めるあるいは接着等の方法によりあらかじめ
付着せしめることで、本来の目的を達成してい
た。しかしながら、該方法では作業が非常に煩雑
であると共に相当な手間がかかる、材質面から火
災の危険性がある、コスト的にも高価、クラツク
防止効果が小さいなどという欠点があつた。 Conventionally, to prevent the occurrence of cracks in rolled concrete, a sheet-like interface material mainly composed of synthetic polymers, fibers, etc. was attached to the ground or supporting lining material by a method such as pinning or gluing. By forcing him to do so, he achieved his original purpose. However, this method has drawbacks such as being very complicated and time-consuming, posing a fire risk due to the material, being expensive, and having little effect on preventing cracks.
本発明は上記の欠点を全て解決しうるものであ
る。つまり、地山もしくは支保用覆工材面に、無
機質常温発泡性組成物（以下単に、本発明発泡材
と略す）を塗布することにより、界面材施工の作
業性を著しく向上させると共に、火災の危険性も
なく、コスト的にも安価であり、かつ界面材とし
て初期の目的を十分に達しうるものである。 The present invention can overcome all the above-mentioned drawbacks. In other words, by applying an inorganic room-temperature foamable composition (hereinafter simply referred to as the foamed material of the present invention) to the surface of the ground or supporting lining material, it is possible to significantly improve the workability of interfacial material construction and to prevent fires. It is non-hazardous, inexpensive, and can fully achieve its initial purpose as an interface material.
以下さらに詳述すると、界面材は地山と巻立覆
工材もしくは支保用覆工材と巻立覆工材の界面を
しや断するものであるので、界面材自体にコンク
リートと同様もしくはそれ以上の強度や接着性を
持つことは望ましくなく、巻立覆工でのコンクリ
ートの養生硬化の際、クラツク発生を起さない程
度の強度が必要になつてくる。本発明界面材は、
無機質の常温発泡性組成物であり、発泡倍率を適
宜変えることにより自由に強度を調節することが
できる。このような界面材として効果的な機能を
持つ本発明発泡材は、下記のＡ成分又はＢ成分に
より調整される。Ａ成分とは、(a)硅酸ソーダ水溶
液、(b)アルミナセメント、ポルトランドセメント
又はアルミナセメントとポルトランドセメントの
混合物、(c)金属アルミニウム(d)シリカゲル、ゼオ
ライト及び活性炭、から選ばれる少なくとも１種
の発泡安定剤の４成分を必須成分とするものであ
り、また、Ｂ成分とは、（a″）25℃における電離
定数（pKa）が4.0以下である塩酸のPH1.5以下の
水溶液、（b″）無水アルカリ硅酸塩、セメント物
質から選ばれる少なくとも１種の塩基性粉末、
（c″）金属アルミニウム（d″）シリカゲル、ゼオ
ライト及び活性炭から選ばれる少なくとも１種の
発泡安定剤を必須成分とするもので、これらＡ成
分及びＢ成分は、常温下での発泡硬化反応及び耐
熱性を妨げない限り、夫々上記必須成分の他に、
機能性向上、充てん、増量、補強等を目的とし
て、石こう、硅石粉、フライアツシユ、電熱や金
法により副生されるシリカダスト、ガラス繊維、
シリカ繊維、合成樹脂、合成ゴム、水溶性高分子
等を適宜適量配合することができる。これらＡ成
分またはＢ成分及である本発明発泡材は、それぞ
れ配合成分を瞬時に混合により又は一たん混合し
てペースト状に調整することにより、所定の地山
もしくは支保用覆工材面に塗布し界面材に供され
る。 To explain in more detail below, since the interface material is something that breaks the interface between the earth and the rolling lining material, or between the supporting lining material and the rolling lining material, the interface material itself is similar to or similar to concrete. It is not desirable to have strength or adhesion that is higher than that, and it is necessary to have a strength that does not cause cracks during curing and hardening of concrete in rolling lining. The interfacial material of the present invention is
It is an inorganic room-temperature foamable composition, and its strength can be freely adjusted by appropriately changing the expansion ratio. The foamed material of the present invention having such an effective function as an interface material is adjusted by the following component A or component B. Component A is at least one selected from (a) aqueous sodium silicate solution, (b) alumina cement, Portland cement, or a mixture of alumina cement and Portland cement, (c) metallic aluminum, (d) silica gel, zeolite, and activated carbon. The four essential components of the foaming stabilizer are (a″) an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with an ionization constant (pKa) of 4.0 or less at 25°C and a pH of 1.5 or less; b″) at least one basic powder selected from anhydrous alkali silicates and cement substances;
(c″) Metallic aluminum (d″) At least one foaming stabilizer selected from silica gel, zeolite, and activated carbon is an essential component. In addition to the above essential ingredients, as long as they do not interfere with sex,
Gypsum, silica powder, fly ash, silica dust produced by electric heating and metal processing, glass fiber,
Silica fibers, synthetic resins, synthetic rubbers, water-soluble polymers, etc. can be blended in appropriate amounts. The foamed material of the present invention, which is component A or component B, is applied to the surface of a predetermined ground or support lining material by instantaneously mixing the ingredients or by mixing them once and adjusting them into a paste. It is then used as an interfacial material.
本発明は、上述本発明発泡材を、強固な地山に
直接もしくは地山を支保用覆工した面に塗布する
のであるが、この塗布方法には、コテ塗り、刷毛
塗り、吹付等の何れも使用することができ、作業
性の面からとりわけ能率の良い吹付工法を用いる
のが好ましい。係る工法により本発明発泡材を用
いると、従来のシート状のものに比べ作業性は著
しく迅速に行われ、その速さは４〜10倍にもな
り、火災の危険性もなく、コスト的にもかなり安
価に仕上げることができ、付着性及び硬度も巻立
覆工コンクリートの養生硬化の際には影響を及ぼ
さない程度のものである。従つて、トンネル覆工
用界面材としての働きを十分に達成するものであ
る。 In the present invention, the above-mentioned foamed material of the present invention is applied directly to a strong ground or to a surface covered with a support lining of the ground. From the viewpoint of workability, it is preferable to use the spraying method, which is particularly efficient. When the foamed material of the present invention is used using this construction method, the workability is significantly faster than that of conventional sheet-like materials, the speed is 4 to 10 times higher, there is no risk of fire, and the cost is reduced. It can also be finished at a fairly low cost, and its adhesion and hardness are such that it does not affect the curing and hardening of rolled lining concrete. Therefore, it can sufficiently function as an interface material for tunnel lining.
以下、実施例を示す。 Examples are shown below.
実施例 １
無機質常温発泡性組成物を次のように(イ)と(ロ)の
成分に分けて調整する。Example 1 An inorganic room-temperature foamable composition is prepared by dividing it into components (a) and (b) as follows.
(イ) 成分
硅酸ソーダ水溶液（SiO2／Na2O、モル比2.5、
固形分40重量％） 100重量部
(ロ) 成分
アルミナセメント 25重量部
金属アルミニウム ３重量部
シリカゲル ５重量部
上記(イ)成分と(ロ)成分を混合撹拌して得たペース
トを調整し、素速く圧送ガンにて吹付コンクリー
トから成る支保用覆工材面に吹付塗装を行つた。
この時の発泡性組成物の被覆厚は５mmで発泡倍率
３倍であつた。硬化後の付着強さ（JIS A6909の
規定による試験方法）は2.0Kgｆ／cm2で試験時の
破断状況は内部破断であつた。該発泡硬化後の界
面材と覆工型枠との間に巻立覆工用のコンクリー
トを打ち込み、養生硬化させた。１ケ月後の覆工
表面には何らクラツクを生じていなかつた。(a) Component sodium silicate aqueous solution (SiO 2 /Na 2 O, molar ratio 2.5,
(Solid content 40% by weight) 100 parts by weight (B) Ingredients Alumina cement 25 parts by weight Metal aluminum 3 parts by weight Silica gel 5 parts by weight Prepare the paste obtained by mixing and stirring the above components (a) and (b). Spray painting was quickly applied to the surface of the supporting lining made of shotcrete using a pressure gun.
The coating thickness of the foamable composition at this time was 5 mm, and the foaming ratio was 3 times. The adhesion strength after curing (test method according to JIS A6909) was 2.0 Kgf/cm 2 , and the fracture state during the test was internal fracture. Concrete for the rolling lining was poured between the foamed and hardened interface material and the lining form, and allowed to cure and harden. After one month, no cracks were observed on the lining surface.
実施例 ２
本発明発泡材を次のように(イ)と(ロ)成分に分けて
調整する。Example 2 The foamed material of the present invention was prepared by dividing it into components (a) and (b) as follows.
(イ) 成分
硅酸ソーダ水溶液（SiO2／Na2O、モル比2.5、
固形分40重量％） 100重量部
(ロ) 成分
ポルトランドセメント 25重量部
金属アルミニウム ３重量部
ゼオライト ６重量部
上記(イ)成分と(ロ)成分を混合撹拌して得たペース
トを調整し、素速く圧送ガンにて吹付コンクリー
トから成る支保用覆工材面に吹付塗装を行つた。
この時の発泡性組成物の被覆厚は５mmで発泡倍率
は2.8であつた。硬化後の付着強さは2.3Kgｆ／cm2
で内部破断であつた。該発泡硬化後の界面材と覆
工型枠との間に巻立覆工用のコンクリートを打ち
込み養生硬化させた。１ケ月後の覆工表面には何
らクラツクを生じていなかつた。(a) Component sodium silicate aqueous solution (SiO 2 /Na 2 O, molar ratio 2.5,
Solid content: 40% by weight) 100 parts by weight (b) Ingredients: Portland cement 25 parts by weight Metal aluminum 3 parts by weight Zeolite 6 parts by weight Prepare a paste obtained by mixing and stirring the above components (a) and (b). Spray painting was quickly applied to the surface of the supporting lining made of shotcrete using a pressure gun.
The coating thickness of the foamable composition at this time was 5 mm, and the expansion ratio was 2.8. Adhesive strength after curing is 2.3Kgf/cm 2
There was an internal rupture. Concrete for the rolling lining was poured between the foamed and hardened interface material and the lining formwork and cured. After one month, no cracks were observed on the lining surface.
実施例 ３ 本発明発泡材を次のように調整する。Example 3 The foamed material of the present invention is prepared as follows.
塩酸（pKa＝3.5、PH＝1.4） 100重量部
硅酸ソーダカレツト（SiO2／Na2O、モル比3.2）
100重量部
金属アルミニウム ３重量部
活性炭 ５重量部
これを混合撹拌し、素速く圧送ガンにて吹付コ
ンクリートから成る支保用覆工材面に吹付塗装を
行つた。この時の発泡性組成物の被覆圧は６mmで
発泡倍率は3.2倍であつた。硬化後の付着強さは
1.9であつた。該発泡硬化後の界面材を覆工型枠
との間に巻立覆工用のコンクリートを打ち込み養
生硬化させた。１ケ月後の覆工表面には何らクラ
ツクを生じていなかつた。Hydrochloric acid (pKa=3.5, PH=1.4) 100 parts by weight Sodium silicate cullet (SiO 2 /Na 2 O, molar ratio 3.2)
100 parts by weight Metallic aluminum 3 parts by weight Activated carbon 5 parts by weight These were mixed and stirred and quickly sprayed onto the surface of the supporting lining made of shotcrete using a pressure gun. The coating pressure of the foamable composition at this time was 6 mm, and the expansion ratio was 3.2 times. Adhesive strength after curing is
It was 1.9. Concrete for the rolling lining was poured between the foamed and hardened interface material and the lining formwork, and the material was cured and cured. After one month, no cracks were observed on the lining surface.
Claims (1)
もしくは支保用覆工材と巻立覆工材の界面に、任
意の被覆方法により無機質常温発泡性組成物 〔Ａ (a)硅酸ソーダ水溶液、(b)アルミナセメン
ト、ポルトランドセメントまたはは両者の混合
物、(c)金属アルミニウムおよび(d)シリカゲル、
ゼオライトおよび活性炭から選ばれる少なくと
も１種の発泡安定剤から成る組成物。 または、 Ｂ （a″）25℃における電離定数（pKa）が4.0
以下である塩酸のPH1.5以下の水溶液、（b″）硅
酸ソーダ、セメント物質から選ばれる少なくと
も１種の塩基性粉末、（c″）金属アルミニウム
および（d″）シリカゲル、ゼオライトおよび活
性炭から選ばれる少なくとも１種の発泡安定剤
からなる組成物。〕 を介在させることを特徴とするトンネル覆工方
法。[Claims] 1. In tunnel lining, an inorganic cold-foamable composition [A (a) sodium silicate aqueous solution, (b) alumina cement, portland cement or a mixture of both, (c) metallic aluminum and (d) silica gel,
A composition comprising at least one foam stabilizer selected from zeolite and activated carbon. Or, B (a″) has an ionization constant (pKa) of 4.0 at 25℃
An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with a pH of 1.5 or less, (b″) sodium silicate, at least one basic powder selected from cement materials, (c″) metal aluminum, and (d″) silica gel, zeolite, and activated carbon. A composition comprising at least one selected foaming stabilizer.] A tunnel lining method characterized by interposing a composition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56157197A JPS5857492A (en) | 1981-10-01 | 1981-10-01 | Tunnel-lining interfacial material and lining of tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56157197A JPS5857492A (en) | 1981-10-01 | 1981-10-01 | Tunnel-lining interfacial material and lining of tunnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5857492A JPS5857492A (en) | 1983-04-05 |
| JPH0135870B2 true JPH0135870B2 (en) | 1989-07-27 |
Family
ID=15644320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56157197A Granted JPS5857492A (en) | 1981-10-01 | 1981-10-01 | Tunnel-lining interfacial material and lining of tunnel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5857492A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59185728A (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1984-10-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Manufacture of cold rolled steel sheet with superior formability |
| WO1994000615A1 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-01-06 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold-rolled steel plate having excellent baking hardenability, non-cold-ageing characteristics and moldability, and molten zinc-plated cold-rolled steel plate and method of manufacturing the same |
| US5690755A (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1997-11-25 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold-rolled steel sheet and hot-dip galvanized cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent bake hardenability, non-aging properties at room temperature and good formability and process for producing the same |
| FR2753483B1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-12-04 | Perforex | CONCRETE PROCESSING FOR UNDERGROUND FLOORING, AND DEVICE FOR HAVING AND CONCRETE APPROPRIATE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| CN109026065B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-17 | 中铁十六局集团有限公司 | Tunnel secondary lining zero-defect construction method |
| CN109209441A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-15 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Mass concrete construction method under a kind of low temperature environment |
-
1981
- 1981-10-01 JP JP56157197A patent/JPS5857492A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5857492A (en) | 1983-04-05 |
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