JPH0131767B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0131767B2
JPH0131767B2 JP8448982A JP8448982A JPH0131767B2 JP H0131767 B2 JPH0131767 B2 JP H0131767B2 JP 8448982 A JP8448982 A JP 8448982A JP 8448982 A JP8448982 A JP 8448982A JP H0131767 B2 JPH0131767 B2 JP H0131767B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polymerization
polystyrene
molecular weight
present
reaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP8448982A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS58201809A (en
Inventor
Hiraaki Juki
Yoshio Okamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daicel Corp
Original Assignee
Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority to JP8448982A priority Critical patent/JPS58201809A/en
Publication of JPS58201809A publication Critical patent/JPS58201809A/en
Publication of JPH0131767B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0131767B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は分子鎖中に対称面を持つ新規ポリスチ
レン及びその製造法に関する。 周知の如くポリスチレン及びその誘導体は蛋白
質、多糖類などの生化学関係、プラスチツク、ゴ
ム、繊維などの合成高分子等の分子量測定に利用
でき、具体的にはGPC(ゲルパーミエーシヨンク
ロマトグラフイー)や光散乱光度計の標準物質と
して広く使用されている。又、近年ポリスチレン
及びその誘導体は、プラズマエツチングのできる
レジスト用ポリマーとしても注目されている。 しかるに、この様な用途に於ては従来のポリス
チレンには以下のような欠点或は問題点があつ
た。即ち (1) 従来のポリスチレンは重合の開始反応がアル
キルリチウム(例えばブチルリチウム)等で行
なわれるために、得られたポリスチレンの一端
に開始剤のアルキル基(例えばブチル基)が付
加しており、従つてかかるポリスチレンを分子
量測定用として用いる場合、特に低分子量ポリ
スチレンについてはかかる末端基の影響は無視
できないものである。即ち分析精度に影響を与
えることになる。 (2) レジスト用ポリスチレンとしては、分子量分
布のせまいポリスチレンがレジストの解像度を
上げるために必要であるが、従来の重合方法で
得られたポリスチレンではかかる要求を満すこ
とが困難である。 本発明者らはスチレンの重合反応について種々
検討した結果、従来のポリスチレンの上記(1)、(2)
の欠点或は問題点を解決する新規ポリスチレン及
びその製造方法を見い出し本発明に到つたのであ
る。 即ち、本発明は下記の一般式で表わされる分子
鎖中に対称面を持ち且つ分子量分布のせまい新規
ポリスチレンに関するものである。 (ただし、n≧1) 本発明の上記一般式で表わされる両末端構造が
同じで対称性をもつポリスチレンは、スチレンを
溶剤中で3級アミン配位ベンジル金属化合物を開
始剤としてリビング重合することにより得られ
る。 本発明でかかる対称性を持ち分子量分布のせま
いポリスチレンが得られるのは、重合に際し重合
中に停止反応や連鎖移動反応が起らないリビング
重合を用い、又上記開始剤の重合開始速度が生長
速度に比べて充分大きく、解重合の反応速度が充
分小さいためであると考えられる。即ち、3級ア
ミン、特に3級ジアミン配位ベンジルアルカリ金
属等の開始速度がスチレンの重合速度に比べて充
分大きく、ポリスチレンの解重合がほとんど起ら
ないことによると考えられる。 本発明の重合反応に用いる開始剤である3級ア
ミン配位ベンジル金属化合物の一部を構成する3
級アミンとしては2ケ又はそれ以上の3級アミノ
基を有する化合物が適当であり、具体的に例示す
ると次の様なものである。 次の一般式で示されるN,N,N′,N′―テト
ラアルキルジアミン R1〜R4;アルキル(C1〜C10) R′;アルキレン(C1〜C10) 次の一般式で示される化合物 次の一般式で示される化合物 次式で示されるピリジン誘導体
The present invention relates to a new polystyrene having a plane of symmetry in its molecular chain and a method for producing the same. As is well known, polystyrene and its derivatives can be used to measure the molecular weight of biochemical products such as proteins and polysaccharides, and synthetic polymers such as plastics, rubber, and fibers. It is widely used as a standard material for light scattering photometers. In recent years, polystyrene and its derivatives have also attracted attention as polymers for resists that can be plasma etched. However, in such uses, conventional polystyrene has the following drawbacks or problems. Namely, (1) In conventional polystyrene, the polymerization initiation reaction is carried out with alkyllithium (e.g., butyllithium), so an alkyl group (e.g., butyl group) as an initiator is added to one end of the obtained polystyrene. Therefore, when such polystyrene is used for molecular weight measurement, the influence of such terminal groups cannot be ignored, especially for low molecular weight polystyrene. In other words, it will affect the accuracy of analysis. (2) As polystyrene for resists, polystyrene with a narrow molecular weight distribution is necessary to improve the resolution of the resist, but it is difficult to meet this requirement with polystyrene obtained by conventional polymerization methods. As a result of various studies on the polymerization reaction of styrene, the present inventors found that the above (1) and (2) of conventional polystyrene
The inventors have discovered a new polystyrene and a method for producing the same that solves the drawbacks and problems of the above, and have arrived at the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to a novel polystyrene having a plane of symmetry in its molecular chain and having a narrow molecular weight distribution represented by the following general formula. (However, n≧1) Polystyrene having the same terminal structure and symmetry represented by the above general formula of the present invention can be produced by living polymerization of styrene in a solvent using a tertiary amine-coordinating benzyl metal compound as an initiator. It is obtained by Polystyrene with such symmetry and narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained in the present invention by using living polymerization in which termination reactions and chain transfer reactions do not occur during polymerization, and also because the polymerization initiation rate of the initiator is controlled by the growth rate. This is thought to be because the depolymerization reaction rate is sufficiently large compared to . That is, it is thought that this is because the initiation rate of tertiary amines, especially benzyl alkali metals coordinating tertiary diamines, etc., is sufficiently higher than the polymerization rate of styrene, and depolymerization of polystyrene hardly occurs. 3 constituting a part of the tertiary amine-coordinated benzyl metal compound which is the initiator used in the polymerization reaction of the present invention.
Compounds having two or more tertiary amino groups are suitable as the secondary amines, and specific examples thereof include the following. N,N,N',N'-tetraalkyldiamine represented by the following general formula R 1 to R 4 ; Alkyl (C 1 to C 10 ) R′; Alkylene (C 1 to C 10 ) Compound represented by the following general formula A compound represented by the following general formula Pyridine derivative represented by the following formula

【式】【formula】

【式】 (−)−スパルテインのような天然物として得
られる3級アミン、酒石酸から誘導される2,3
―ジメトキシ―1,4―ビス(ジメチルアミノ)
ブタン、ヘキサメチルフオスフオルトリアミド、
クラウンエーテル等。 本発明の重合反応に用いる上記開始剤の一部を
構成する金属としては、一般にアニオン重合に使
用される金属であればいかなるものでもよい。例
えばアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、アルミニ
ウム及びその類似金属があげられ、リチウム及び
ナトリウムが好ましい。 本発明のポリスチレンは、例えば上記3級アミ
ン配位ベンジルリチウムの溶液中にスチレンモノ
マーを入れて重合させることによつて得られるこ
とができるし、又スチレンモノマーの溶液中に3
級アミン配位ベンジルリチウム溶液を加えて重合
させてもよい。 この場合3級アミン配位ベンジルリチウムの量
は、目的とするポリスチレンの分子量に合わせて
適当量用いることができる。 なお、ベンジルリチウムは3級アミン存在下ト
ルエンとブチルリチウムとの反応でほぼ定量的に
生成するので、トルエン中で重合を行う際には、
ベンジルリチウムを特に合成する必要はなく、3
級アミンとブチルリチウムを使用すればよい。 本発明の重合反応に於ては、重合溶媒はリビン
グ重合を阻害しないものであれば何でも良いが、
好ましいのはヘキサン、トルエン、ベンゼン、テ
トラヒドロフラン、トルエン―テトラヒドロフラ
ン混合物等であり、特に好ましいのはトルエンで
ある。 重合温度は−78℃〜100℃が好ましく、特に好
ましいのは−20℃〜70℃である。 本発明の分子量分布のせまい単分散ポリスチレ
ンを得るための重合方法はリビング重合である
が、特に分子量分布が広ならないようにするため
には、生長末端と容易に反応する水分、酸素、二
酸化炭素などやプロトンドナーである不純物が混
入しないように注意しなければならない。具体的
にはスチレン、溶媒、開始剤等の種々の試薬の最
終精製装置や重合装置などは高真空に脱気し、重
合はできるだけ希薄な溶液にしてかきまぜ、モノ
マーを均一にし、開始剤とモノマーを迅速に混合
し、重合完了時まで反応させることが望ましい。
重合の停止はメタノール等のアルコールで行なう
ことが望ましい。 このような本発明の重合方法によれば、下記の
分散度を持つ重合度分布のせまいポリスチレンが
得られる。 一般式 1≦n≦10の場合 Wo<1.5 1≦n≦100の場合 Wo<1.5(好ましく
は<1.2) 100<n≦1000000の場合 Wo<1.7 但しoは数平均分子量、Wは重量平均分子量
であり、Woにおいて数平均及び重量平均分
子量は開始剤断片を除いてある。 本発明の重合方法により得られる、上記の如き
重合度分布がせまく両末端構造が同じで対称性を
有するポリスチレンは、分子量測定の標準物質、
レジスト用ポリマー等種々の用途に有利に利用し
得る。 次に、本発明を実施例について説明するが、こ
れによつて本発明が限定されるものではない。尚
実施例中溶媒及びスチレンは以下のようにして精
製したものを使用した。 重合溶媒:トルエンを常法で精製した後、ブチル
リチウムを存在下で真空蒸留した。 スチレン:常法で精製した後CaH2とかきまぜて
真空蒸留した。 実施例 1 重合は十分に乾燥したガラス反応器中乾燥窒素
下で行なつた。トルエン(10ml)にブチルリチウ
ム(4.6mmole、ヘキサン重合)と(−)―スパ
ルテイン(5.5mmole)を室温で加え、30分後に
0℃に冷却した。これにスチレン(0.92g、
9.2mmole)を加え重合させた。1時間後少量の
メタノールで反応を停止し、反応液を希塩酸,水
で洗滌した後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。溶
媒を留去すると、粘稠な液体が収率98%で得られ
た。 このポリスチレンの100MHz 1H核磁気共鳴ス
ペクトルを第1図に示した。(溶媒CCl4、基準物
質TMS、測定温度35℃)このスペクトルは1ppm
付近にブチル基に由来するピークがなく、重合末
端にブチル基がないことがわかる。 さらに、ジフエニルジクロロシラン処理したシ
リカゲルを充填したカラム(長さ25cm/内径0.46
cm)を使用し、高速液体クロマトグラフイーでポ
リマー(オリゴマー)の分布を測定した。 ピークの高さより求めた平均重合度はn=2.06
で、分子量分布Woは1.19であつた。そのク
ロマトグラフを第2図に示した。 第2図と第1図の核磁気共鳴スペクトルの主鎖
のメチン及びメチレンのプロトンとベンゼン環の
プロトンの比の比較から、重合末端にベンジル基
のついたポリスチレンであることを確認した。 実施例 2 実施例1と同様の方法で、3級アミンとして
(−)―スパルテインの代りにN,N,N′,N′―
テトラメチルエチレンジアミンを使用し、スチレ
ンに対して1/50モルのブチルリチウムを用いて重
合した。得られた反応混合物を少量の塩酸を添加
したメタノールにより沈殿させ、別、洗滌後乾
燥した。 収率97%で得られたポリスチレンのGPC(ゲル
パーミエーシヨンクロマトグラフイー)を測定す
ると、平均重合度n=52、Wo=1.03であつ
た。
[Formula] Tertiary amine obtained as a natural product such as (-)-sparteine, 2,3 derived from tartaric acid
-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)
Butane, hexamethylphosfluorotriamide,
crown ether etc. The metal constituting a part of the initiator used in the polymerization reaction of the present invention may be any metal that is generally used in anionic polymerization. Examples include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and similar metals thereof, with lithium and sodium being preferred. The polystyrene of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by placing a styrene monomer in a solution of the above-mentioned tertiary amine-coordinated benzyllithium and polymerizing it, or by adding 3
Polymerization may be carried out by adding a benzyllithium solution coordinating a grade amine. In this case, the amount of the tertiary amine-coordinated benzyllithium can be adjusted to suit the desired molecular weight of the polystyrene. Note that benzyllithium is produced almost quantitatively by the reaction between toluene and butyllithium in the presence of a tertiary amine, so when polymerizing in toluene,
There is no need to specifically synthesize benzyllithium, and 3
grade amine and butyllithium may be used. In the polymerization reaction of the present invention, any polymerization solvent may be used as long as it does not inhibit living polymerization.
Preferred are hexane, toluene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, a toluene-tetrahydrofuran mixture, and particularly preferred is toluene. The polymerization temperature is preferably -78°C to 100°C, particularly preferably -20°C to 70°C. The polymerization method for obtaining the monodisperse polystyrene with a narrow molecular weight distribution of the present invention is living polymerization, but in order to prevent the molecular weight distribution from becoming particularly wide, moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., which easily react with the growing ends, must be used. Care must be taken to avoid contamination with impurities that are proton donors. Specifically, the final purification equipment and polymerization equipment for various reagents such as styrene, solvents, and initiators are degassed to high vacuum, and during polymerization, the solution is made as dilute as possible and stirred to make the monomer uniform, and the initiator and monomer are separated. It is desirable to mix rapidly and allow the reaction to occur until the polymerization is complete.
It is desirable to terminate the polymerization using an alcohol such as methanol. According to the polymerization method of the present invention, polystyrene with a narrow polymerization degree distribution and the following degree of dispersion can be obtained. general formula When 1≦n≦10, W / o <1.5 When 1≦n≦100, W / o <1.5 (preferably <1.2) When 100<n≦1000000, W / o <1.7 where o is the number average molecular weight, W is the weight average molecular weight, and in W / o the number average and weight average molecular weights exclude initiator fragments. The polystyrene obtained by the polymerization method of the present invention, which has a narrow polymerization degree distribution as described above and has the same terminal structure and symmetry, can be used as a standard material for molecular weight measurement.
It can be advantageously used in various applications such as polymers for resists. Next, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the examples, the solvent and styrene used were those purified as follows. Polymerization solvent: Toluene was purified by a conventional method, and then vacuum distilled in the presence of butyllithium. Styrene: After being purified by a conventional method, it was mixed with CaH 2 and vacuum distilled. Example 1 Polymerizations were carried out under dry nitrogen in a well-dried glass reactor. Butyllithium (4.6 mmole, hexane polymerization) and (-)-sparteine (5.5 mmole) were added to toluene (10 ml) at room temperature, and after 30 minutes, the mixture was cooled to 0°C. Add styrene (0.92g,
9.2 mmole) was added and polymerized. After 1 hour, the reaction was stopped with a small amount of methanol, and the reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. When the solvent was distilled off, a viscous liquid was obtained with a yield of 98%. The 100MHz 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of this polystyrene is shown in FIG. (Solvent CCl4 , reference material TMS, measurement temperature 35℃) This spectrum is 1ppm
There is no peak derived from a butyl group in the vicinity, indicating that there is no butyl group at the polymerization end. Furthermore, a column packed with silica gel treated with diphenyldichlorosilane (length 25 cm/inner diameter 0.46
cm), and the distribution of polymers (oligomers) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The average degree of polymerization determined from the peak height is n = 2.06
The molecular weight distribution W / o was 1.19. The chromatograph is shown in FIG. From a comparison of the ratios of the methine and methylene protons in the main chain to the benzene ring protons in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of FIG. 2 and FIG. 1, it was confirmed that it was polystyrene with a benzyl group at the polymerization end. Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, N,N,N',N'- was used instead of (-)-sparteine as the tertiary amine.
Polymerization was carried out using tetramethylethylenediamine and 1/50 mole of butyllithium based on styrene. The resulting reaction mixture was precipitated with methanol to which a small amount of hydrochloric acid had been added, washed separately, and then dried. GPC (gel permeation chromatography) measurement of the polystyrene obtained with a yield of 97% revealed that the average degree of polymerization n = 52 and W / o = 1.03.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明のポリスチレンの一例の核磁気
共鳴スペクトル、第2図はその高速液体クロマト
グラフを示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of an example of the polystyrene of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing its high performance liquid chromatography.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 下記の一般式で表わされるポリスチレン (ただし、n≧1)[Claims] 1. Polystyrene represented by the following general formula (However, n≧1)
JP8448982A 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Novel polystyrene Granted JPS58201809A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8448982A JPS58201809A (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Novel polystyrene

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8448982A JPS58201809A (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Novel polystyrene

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58201809A JPS58201809A (en) 1983-11-24
JPH0131767B2 true JPH0131767B2 (en) 1989-06-28

Family

ID=13832062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP8448982A Granted JPS58201809A (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Novel polystyrene

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58201809A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JO3423B1 (en) * 2008-12-02 2019-10-20 Albemarle Corp Brominated Flame Retardants And Precursors Therefor
JO3059B1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2017-03-15 Albemarle Corp Bromination of low molecular weight aromatic polymer compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58201809A (en) 1983-11-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Hatada et al. Preparation of highly isotactic poly (methyl methacrylate) of low polydispersity
US4960842A (en) Amine containing initiator system for anionic polymerization
EP0316857B1 (en) Amine containing initiator system for anionic polymerization
JP3334266B2 (en) Production of butyl rubber with bimodal molecular weight distribution
US4704438A (en) Novel styrene copolymer
US4427837A (en) Process for preparation of diene-styrene-α-methylstyrene block polymers and polymers therefrom
EP0517428B1 (en) Poly(para-t-butoxycarbonyl-oxystyrene) and method of making it
Takenaka et al. Polymerization of monomers containing functional silyl groups. 4. Anionic polymerization of 2-(trimethoxysilyl)-1, 3-butadiene
JPH0131767B2 (en)
Ueda et al. Radical copolymerization of styrene with α-methylene-δ-valerolactone: role of depropagation in the mechanism
Bevington et al. Self-branching in the polymerization of styrene
EP0110356B1 (en) Process for producing a high purity cyclized polymer of isoprene
Klein et al. Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight poly (tert. butyl acrylate)
JPS62215608A (en) Production of alkenylsilyl group-containing high polymer compound
Stewart et al. Anionic functional initiators. 1: 3‐dimethylaminopropyllithium as an initiator for the synthesis of Bi‐and difunctional polybutadienes
US6258905B1 (en) Stabilized, unimolecular initiators for hydrocarbon polymerization
Wesslén et al. Anionic polymerization of vinyl chloride
US9487629B2 (en) Method for preparing a statistical copolymer based on diene monomers and cyclic carbosilane monomers
JPH05287022A (en) Production of polystyrene having phenolic hydroxyl group at one end of molecule
Lu et al. Synthesis, characterization, and hydrolysis of PVAc‐PS‐PVAc via charge transfer polymerization
Milner et al. 1H nmr spectroscopy of the complexation of polybutadienyllithium by N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine
JP4394813B2 (en) (Meth) acrylic acid oligostyrene ester polymer and process for producing the same
JP2707687B2 (en) Polysilane block copolymer compound
Allen et al. Control of stereoregularity in poly (methyl methacrylate) by photoinitiated polymerization
AU611747B2 (en) Amine containing initiator system for anionic polymerization