JPH01314675A - Method and device for determining relative positional relationship of running gear - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To facilitate the adjustment to a running device by incorporating measuring rollers on which all wheels of an automobile are loaded, measuring all errors in a suspension of the running device while these rollers are rotated and constituting the device so as to eliminate errors. CONSTITUTION: Rollers 13 to 16 in pairs, each having a horizontal axis are provided to a frame 12 formed of a high strength beam, and accordingly, front and rear wheels of a vehicle such as a bus can be set on the rollers 13, 17. The pairs of the rollers 13, 14 and 15, 16 are journalled to rotatable bases 17, 18 and 22, 23, respectively. The basses 17, 18 and 22, 23 are carried on rails 20, 21 and 25, 26 which are formed in the frame 12. Further, measuring rollers 27, 28 are provided on the bases 22, 23, and forces exerted to the rollers 27, 28 can be measured by a measuring device 29 through the intermediary of a lever. Meanwhile, the bases 17, 18 are locked to the frame 12 through the intermediary of a dynamometer 30.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a device making it possible to detect and correct adjustment errors in the propulsion gear of a motor vehicle.

PRIOR ART AND ITS PROBLEMS It is a well-known fact that proper adjustment of the front running gear does not significantly affect the operational safety of the vehicle and the service life of the tires. For this reason, the kingpin angle of the front gear, caster angle, toe-in, wheel camber, and play of the steering mechanism are adjusted not only at the time of manufacture but also periodically or frequently during operation. (The kingpin angle and wheel camber are adjusted only by the independent wheel suspension). Several diagnostic devices have been developed for automobiles for this purpose. Some of these devices are based on direct measurement principles, others on indirect measurement principles.

According to a measuring device based on the direct measuring principle, as described in German patent DE-PS 2 935 899, a rod measuring device is fixed to a steering-actuated wheel. According to this, Rod is fraudulent (fa
This is converted into an electrical signal by a sensor attached to it. Although this construction is absolutely precise, it is complex in design and use. It was not widely used because it was too expensive.

The solution according to Hungarian patent HU-PS 177 659 describes a similar structure. However, this also limits the forces required for operating the measuring steering wheel with a dynamometer, which the measuring device is inserted into the wheel to be tested (in place of the normal steering wheel). must be measured.

For two of the reasons mentioned above, measuring devices based primarily on non-direct measuring methods have become commonplace. The fact that these devices can be conveniently combined with other complex diagnostic equipment used to measure other characteristics of motor vehicles made these methods preferred. Such complex devices are described in British patent no. GB-PS 2 094 988 and German patent D.
E-PS 28 01 855, respectively. According to the method described here, the front wheels are placed on a possible base. On the other hand, each rear wheel is mounted on a rotatable base mounted on a pair of rollers, which makes it possible to measure the play of the steering wheel.
Rollers, on the other hand, allow measurements of braking, speed and acceleration capabilities.

This complex device is equipped with a third measuring location for measuring sideslip.

As described in German patent DF-PS27 37 66i, this rotatable base allows a more precise measurement of the steering structure. In this method, the wheels are placed in a cradle instead of a flat knurled plate 1-.German patent DF-PS2
As described in No. 801,855, this arrangement of the measuring plate increases the measurement accuracy. In this method)
The essence of this is that the measuring plate is placed on several spring-supported balls.

EP-012/1. No. 258 shows other structural trends. In this example, the front wheels are also placed on a pair of rollers. The advantage of this method is that in addition to the geometric properties, the braking effect can also be measured. In actual measurements, a third roller is required between the two rollers mentioned above, and it is concluded that the lateral displacement is incorrect.
It was going on.

The support roller is made axially movable, which makes it possible to conclude that the steering rod is incorrect.

Although the described method can more or less accurately indicate the irregularities found in the front running gear, it is unlikely that it will meet the requirements. The reason is that other irregularities may occur in the traveling gear that have not yet been measured.

Therefore, although the perpendicularity error, trajectory following error, and axiality error measured with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle have the same effect on the driving safety and the operational life of the tire, for example, The rear running gear has not been tested from the above point of view. A similar fraud occurs in the as-yet untested front running gear. For example, a passenger bus equipped with air springs is noteworthy, where the geometry of the running gear is based only on radius rods.12
This is especially important in cars where there is only one warranty.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to develop a method and a device, respectively, which make it possible to measure and divide all irregularities in the suspension of a running gear.

Means for Solving the Problems The above-mentioned object of the present invention is that all wheels of the motor vehicle are placed on measuring rollers, and while these rollers are rotating the running gear is measured and, if necessary, adjusted. This is achieved by doing.

By sending vehicle data to a computer, adjustments can be calculated with very high precision, while interactions with other elements can be taken into account.

The invention therefore provides a method for determining the relative position of the running gear, in particular wheels suspended by radius rods (panhard rods), relative to the motor vehicle, and also determining the amount of adjustment, if required. Regarding. In this case, all the wheels of the car are simultaneously placed on one pair of rollers, and the axes of these wheels are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the car, which is an imaginary line. It is oriented to The rollers located on the right and left sides are arranged to form one axis, and at least one roller in the pair of rollers is rotated by an external driving force. At least one roller other than these pairs of rollers and the vehicle - at least two points along its longitudinal axis, preferably at the centerline of the running gear - are supported, and the axial support of this roller and/or Alternatively, the strength and direction of the supporting force generated in the supporting part of the vehicle is measured. In the example given, the supporting force is reduced to an extreme degree by adjusting the adjustable elements that suspend the running gear.

Thereafter, the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the axis of the rollers is measured, and the relative position of the center position of the wheel track and the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is determined. At least by adjusting the adjustable elements suspending the running gear, the resulting difference between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the center position of the 1j wheel track is eliminated, and the roller The angle formed with the axis is set to 90'.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, measurements are taken and all adjustments of the running gear in the given example are carried out. After that, the strength and direction of the supporting force generated in the support part that supports the shaft in the axial direction, which is disposed below the wheel connected to the steering operation, is measured, and By adjusting the positioning elements, the supporting force is reduced to (2o).

According to another embodiment of carrying out the method of the invention, all the wheels of a motor vehicle with two or more axles, in particular the axles of trailer motor vehicles (articulated motor vehicles), are each mounted on a pair of rollers. will be placed on.

Thereafter, starting from the front axle, the position of the running gear is measured and adjustments made if necessary. 1 - In the case of Lehrer motor vehicles, the position of the front steering-actuated wheels is determined while measurements of the running gear are taken and, if necessary, adjustments are made, before articulation is made; Thereafter, measurements of the traveling device regarding each axis are proceeded from the articulated position of the traveling device to the rear, and corrections are made as necessary. Finally, the position of the steering-coupled wheel after the articulation is determined and, if necessary, also corrected. Finally, the position of the steering rod of the wheel connected to the steering wheel after the articulation is determined and the front wheel connected to the steering wheel is adjusted.

According to a third preferred embodiment of carrying out the method of the invention,
The steering wheel of a motor vehicle, which is placed on rollers, is rotated unless the force generated on the axial support of the running gear to which the steering is connected is not U-shaped, after which the angle of displacement of the steering wheel changes. be measured.

According to a preferred embodiment of carrying out the method of the invention - representing a fourth embodiment - the angle between the horizontal or vertical plane and the horizontal position - which serves as a basis for the position of the steering bolt - is measured and given While adjusting the caster angle of the traveling device in the above example, the angle 7 is held at 0° and 90', respectively, with respect to the horizontal position.

According to a fifth embodiment of carrying out the method of the invention, the wheels of the motor vehicle are placed on a pair of rollers, the axes of which are perpendicular to an imaginary longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle. Oriented.

The relative position between the center position of the running track of each wheel and the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is determined, and in the given example the difference therebetween is determined by the adjustable elements suspending the running gear. By adjusting it, it is divided by υ1. Thereafter, the forces acting axially and at right angles to the roller pair are measured and this effect is determined by adjusting the adjustable elements that suspend the running gear in the given example. It eliminates power.

Finally, if the dimensional data and play data for the running gear of different vehicles are stored in the computer, the measured data are compared with the stored data for the corresponding vehicle in the computer and, if necessary, the adjustment of the adjustable elements is performed. It is thought that the right hand determines the amount of adjustment.

The present invention also provides a radius rod (
The present invention relates to a device with which the relative position of a traveling gear suspended by panhard rods (panhard rods) relative to a motor vehicle can be determined and the wheels connected to the steering operation can be adjusted.

The device comprises a plurality of roller pairs consisting of rollers of the same diameter and of the same number as the wheels to be tested, all axes of which are located in a horizontal plane and aligned with the imaginary longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The right and left rollers are oriented at right angles to each other, such that the right and left rollers each form an axis. The distance between the rollers in the roller pair is made smaller than the diameter of the wheel to be tested, and the roller pair is supported by a bearing provided on a rotatable base, and the rotatable base is free relative to the base of the support. It is arranged so that it can be moved. The rotatable base carrying the front running gear is adapted to be laterally movable at least between transverse guideways perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. On the other hand, bases belonging to the same axle of the motor vehicle among the movable bases supporting other running gear are connected to each other so that they can be moved laterally between transverse guideways and/or Freedom of movement longitudinally between longitudinal guideways is required. In all roller pairs, at least one roller is drivingly connected to a drive so that it is rotated at the same rotational speed. A rotatable base supporting the front running gear - all running gear in the example given - is supported with respect to the frame at least in the axial direction of the rollers. An element is interposed between the rotatable base and the support to generate a signal under the action of a force. In the center line of the running gear, support rollers - which scan inside and outside the wheels - are arranged. These support rollers are installed laterally with respect to the foundation of the device.
It has been made so that it can be fixed. The elements are inserted into stationary elements which generate signals under the influence of forces, while these stationary elements are each connected to a display device and/or a computer.

The present invention will be explained in detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS First, the method of the present invention was applied to a two-axle bus. The axis arrangement of this bus can be seen in FIG.

The chassis 1 is supported on an axle housing 4, and the front axle 3 carries an air spring 2. These air springs are connected to the chassis 1 by radius rods (panhard rods) supported by ball and socket connections.
It is locked against. The front axle is carried in the center below the center line of the front wheel 5 by two rods of the diameter rods 7.8 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chassis 1; is supported in a plane above the center line. In addition, front axle 3
is laterally locked to the chassis 1 by a radius rod 9. The axle housing 4 is carried by two rods 10, 11 in a plane located below and above the center line of the rear wheel 6, respectively. The radius rod located in the upper plane is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chassis 1, and the radius rod 10 located in the lower plane is directed towards the longitudinal carrier point of the chassis from the central part of the axle housing 4. . The length of one radius rod can be adjusted using a set screw.

An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention can be seen in FIGS. 2-4.

Pairs of rollers 13 to 16 having horizontal axes are arranged on a frame 12 constructed of strong steel beams. These positions are the front wheels of the bus being tested.
and substantially correspond to the position of the rear wheels 6. Pairs of rollers 13 located on either side of the longitudinal axis of the frame 12
and 14, and roller pairs 15 and 16 are constituted by rollers with aligned axes, the axes of which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame 12.

The roller pairs 13 and 14 supporting the front axle 5 are each supported separately by bearings provided in a rotatable base 17,18. These bases are located in rails 20.degree. 21 formed in the frame 12 by means of highly loaded roller rows 19, which are rendered free of frictional resistance. Rails 20 and 21 are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of frame 12.

The pairs of rollers 15 and 16 supporting the rear wheels 6 are similarly arranged on rotatable bases 22, 23, respectively, but these bases are rigidly connected to each other so that a row of highly loaded rollers 24 with low resistance by frame 1
It is carried on rails 25, 26 formed in 2. Rails 25 and 26 are parallel to the longitudinal axis of frame 12.

As is well known, the distance between the rollers in the roller pair is smaller than the diameter of the front wheels 5 and rear wheels 6 of the bus being tested. One roller in each pair of rollers is rotatably driven via a square belt driven by an electric motor 32.

Rotatable base 22 between roller pairs 15 and 16.
On 23 there is arranged a measuring roller 27, 28 with a vertical axis located in the middle plane between the axes of these rollers. These measuring rollers 27, 28 are supported by bearings provided in a measuring device 29, which is equipped with a lever that moves in a horizontal plane.

The measuring devices 29 each measure the force acting on the measuring roller 27, 28, in which case an electrical signal is generated proportional to this force.

The rotatable bases 17 and 18 each have one pair of rollers.
3.14 is locked to the frame 12 via the dynamometer 30.

A support roller 31 is provided on the frame 12 with a vertical axis in the midplane between the axes of the roller pairs 13, 14, which roller is adjustable with respect to the longitudinal axis of the frame 12 and perpendicular to said axis. It can be fixed.

The adjustment of the traveling device of the bus is carried out by the method described below.

A front wheel 5 is placed on roller pairs 13 and 14, and a rear wheel 6
are placed on roller pairs 15 and 16.

The air pressure in the tire must be controlled to a predetermined pressure, and this pressure can be adjusted if necessary. Thereafter, the outer side surface of the front wheel 5 is supported by the support roller 31, and the inner side surface of the rear wheel 6 is supported by the measuring rollers 27 and 28.

The electric motor 32 rotates the rollers connected thereto, causing the front wheels 5 and rear wheels 6 to rotate together with it. The rotational speed (number) must be selected such that a 25 Kg/h program of the bus is simulated.

If the running gear is properly aligned, the measuring rollers 27, 28 and the dynamometer 30 will not indicate any lateral deflecting force.

If the direction of the axle of the running gear is not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame 12, the wheel housing 4 will tend to move around relative to the frame 12, and the front axle 3 will displace the base 17.18. Eggplant. In this case, the length of the radius rod must be varied until the lateral forces are eliminated.

Thereafter, the perpendicularity of the running gear to the longitudinal direction of the chassis is controlled. Considering the complexity of the axle-related display described above, an indirect method is selected here. If the axes of the roller pairs 13-16 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the chassis 12, then the relative relationship between the chassis 1 and the frame 12 can be determined by using a suitable position as a reference and simply measuring the length. positional relationships can be measured.

If necessary, this value can also be adjusted by changing the length of the radius rod.

Finally, using the method already described, the initial measurements substantially adjust the correspondence between the longitudinal axis of the chassis 1 and the center position of the wheel track. This value can be set by adjusting the radius rod.

A method is proposed for initiating the correction of irregularities in the running gear in two-axle vehicles, but this method can detect a considerable number of irregularities.

After adjusting the relative position of the running gear to the chassis, the adjustment of the front wheels 5 to which the steering wheel is connected is adjusted. For this purpose, roller pairs 13 and 1
The lateral forces occurring at 4 are measured separately by a dynamometer 30. If the two dynamometers 30 show different values, the steering wheel geometry must be set.

In the next step, the play in the steering structure is adjusted. For this purpose, the steering wheel must be rotated insofar as the axial force acting on the pair of rollers 13 and 14 below the front axle 3 with which the steering wheel is connected is one. As soon as the dynamometer 30 indicates a force effect, the angle of displacement of the steering wheel is measured.

Finally, the caster angle is adjusted. Considering that in the bus mentioned here as an example, the running gear to which the steering operation is connected is assembled together with the single front axle 3, the caster angle can be adjusted by tilting the front axle 3. Fixed. For this purpose, it is sufficient to measure the angle formed by the reference plane of the front axle 3 and a horizontal plane.

If the measured angle deviates from the expected value, this angle can be adjusted by changing the length of the radius rod 8.

As mentioned above, this device was completed with a computer. All data regarding the length and angular position of the radius rod was fed into the computer. The relationships between the running gear and radius rod irregularities were determined and these relationships were also fed into the computer. After the measuring roller 2728 and dynamometer 30 data were provided, all radius rod adjustments could be displayed on the computer screen.

The method according to the invention can be used successfully for trailer buses (articulated buses). However, this requires a device with a measuring point for the third axle. FIG. 5 shows a device of this type. In addition to the rotatable bases 17, 18, 22 and 23, further rotatable bases 33 and 34 are provided, which extend on a rail 36 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame 12. It is made to be movable. A rail 36 is fixedly mounted on a carriage 35 such that the carriage can move on rails 37 along the longitudinal axis of the frame 12.

In this way, starting from the front axle, all the running gear or wheels can be properly adjusted in the manner described above.

Insofar as the base is adapted to be displaceable in two directions in a plane, the device according to the invention measures the resulting forces displacing the movable base equally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. It is practical to be able to do so. For this purpose, it seems more advantageous to suspend the movable base on a frame by means of flexible members, for example high-strength wires, instead of being supported on a row of rollers as already explained. It goes without saying that it should be possible to adjust the different motor vehicles according to their axial length.

With the device configured in this way, this method is even easier. First of all, any irregularities between the chassis and the wheel tracks on the running gear should be eliminated, and then the longitudinal axis of the chassis should be oriented on the longitudinal axis of the device. In the next step, adjustments are made based on the dynamometer data.

Effects of the Invention From the examples given herein, the qualitative differences that exist between the method of the present invention and existing methods will be fully appreciated. In contrast to the conventional method, which adjusts the geometrical dimensions described earlier, it is carried out based on the assumption that there is no wear on the tires and running equipment of the car. It will be clear that the invention adjusts the actual contact conditions between the wheels and the ground. It goes without saying that irregularities in any wheel suspension system can be detected using this method, and such irregularities should be corrected according to the given suspension system.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a four-noise suspension of a traveling device of a bus. FIG. 2 is a top view of the device according to the invention. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a top view of a modified embodiment of the device developed for trailer buses. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Chassis, 2... Air spring, 3... Front axle, 4... Axle housing, 5... Front wheel, 6...
Rear wheel, 7.8.9, 10.11...radius rod,
12...Frame, 13.14.15.16. ...Roller pair, 17.1
8... Rotatable base, 19.24... High load roller row, 20.21,2
5.26...Rail, 27.28...Measuring roller, 29...Measuring device, 3o...Dynamometer,
31... Support roller, 32... Electric motor.

Claims (10)

[Claims] (1) Concerning the method of determining the relative position of the running gear, especially the wheels suspended by radius rods (panhard rods), relative to the motor vehicle, and also the amount of adjustment, if required. , all the wheels of the motor vehicle are simultaneously placed on respective pairs of rollers (13 to 16), the axes of which are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle, which is an imaginary line, and The rollers located on the right and left sides are arranged to form one axis, and at least one roller in these roller pairs (13 to 16) is rotated by an external driving force (32). , at least one roller other than these pairs of rollers and the vehicle - at least two points along its longitudinal axis, preferably at the centerline of the running gear - are supported (27, 28);
The strength and direction of the supporting force generated in the axial support of this roller and/or in the support of the motor vehicle is measured, by adjusting the adjustable elements (7 to 11) that suspend the running gear. The supporting force in the given example is reduced to zero, and then the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the car and the axis of the rollers is measured and the relative position of the center position of the wheel track and the longitudinal axis of the car is determined. to measure the positional relationship between
At least the adjustable elements (
7 to 11) to eliminate the resulting difference between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the center position of the wheel track, setting the angle with the axis of the rollers to 90°. A method for determining the relative positional relationship of traveling devices, characterized by: (2) The strength of the supporting forces developed in the axial supports of the rollers arranged below the wheels to which the steering operation is connected after all the measurements and corrections in the given cases of the running gear have been carried out. and direction, and the supporting force is reduced to zero by adjusting the elements determining the position of the steering-actuated wheels. A method for determining the relative position of traveling gear. (3) All wheels of motor vehicles equipped with two or more axles, especially wheels of trailer motor vehicles (articulated motor vehicles);
are pairs of rollers (13 to 16, 33, 34
), then measuring the position of the running gear starting from the front axle and making adjustments if necessary, and in the case of a trailer vehicle, measuring the running gear before it is articulated. While this is taking place and adjustments are made if necessary, the position of the front steering-coupled wheels is determined, and then the measurement of the running gear with respect to each axis is carried out backwards from the articulated position of the running gear. is carried out, corrections are made as necessary, and finally the position of the wheel to which the steering is connected after articulation is determined, corrections are made as well if necessary, and finally, the Steering After coupling, the position of the steering rod of the wheel coupled to the steering wheel is determined and the front wheel coupled to the steering wheel is adjusted. A method for determining the relative positional relationship of traveling devices as described in . (4) Steering operation As long as the force generated on the axial support of the connected running gear is zero, the steering wheel of the automobile placed on the rollers is rotated, after which the displacement angle of the steering wheel is measured. A method for determining the relative positional relationship of traveling devices according to any one of claims 1 to 3. (5) Measure the angle between the horizontal or vertical plane and the horizontal position - which acts as a basis for the position of the steering bolt, and adjust the caster angle of the running gear in the given example while adjusting said angle are respectively 0° with respect to the horizontal position
5. A method for determining the relative positional relationship of traveling devices according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the relative positions of the traveling devices are held at an angle of 90°. (6) The wheels of the motor vehicle are mounted on pairs of rollers, the axes of which are oriented at right angles to the imaginary longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle, and the center position of the track of each wheel and the longitudinal axis of the vehicle are determined, and in the given example the differences therebetween are eliminated by adjusting the adjustable elements suspending the running gear, and Thereafter, the forces acting axially and perpendicularly to the roller pair are measured and determined by adjusting the adjustable elements that suspend the running gear in the given example. A method for determining the relative positional relationship of traveling devices according to claim 1, characterized in that acting forces are eliminated. (7) Dimensional data and play data for the running gear of different vehicles are stored in a computer, the measured data are compared by the computer with the stored data for the corresponding vehicle in the computer and, if necessary, the adjustable elements are adjusted. 7. A method for determining the relative positional relationship of traveling devices according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a quantity is determined. (8) Determining the relative position of the running gear, especially running gear suspended by radius rods (panhard rods), relative to the vehicle itself, and also determining the amount of adjustment of the wheels to which the steering operation is connected. A device for the purpose of The rollers on the right and left sides are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the imaginary longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and the rollers on the right and left sides each form one axis, and the distance between the rollers in the roller pairs (13 to 16) is smaller than the diameter of the wheel to be tested, the roller pairs are supported by bearings on rotatable bases (17, 18, 22, 23), which are mounted on the frame (12). at least one roller of the pair of rollers is drivingly connected to a drive device (32) so that each roller rotates at the same number of rotations; The rotatable bases (17, 18) carrying the front running gear - all running gear in the example given - are supported in the axial direction of the rollers and optionally perpendicular thereto with respect to the frame. between the support part and the rotatable base, there is an element (
30) are interposed, and support rollers (17, 28, 3
1) is arranged, and the support roller is attached to the frame (
12), the fixed position comprising an element (30) which generates a signal by the action of a force, and said element (30) is fixed laterally to the respective display device and/or computer. A device configured by being connected to. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the rotatable base (17, 18, 22, 23) is suspended on the frame (12) by means of elements that only carry tensile loads. (10) The rotatable base (17, 18) carrying the first running gear is adapted to be able to move only laterally between transverse guideways which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Among the movable bases supporting other traveling devices, the bases belonging to the same axle of the motor vehicle are connected to each other or each movable between transverse guideways (36). , and these are separated by separate longitudinal guideways (25, 26, 3
10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the device is adapted to be able to move longitudinally between 7) and 7).