JPH01310701A - Distillation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To directly recover the heat of a concentration part in a recovery part by joining the distillation elements which have many shelves up and down between a pair of longitudinal plates to the horizontal direction so as to use the longitudinal plates in common therewith and constituting a distillation column. CONSTITUTION:A distillation element is constituted by integrally incorporating both the many stages of a gas-liquid contact shelf 3 and the corrugated fins 4 up and down in the space surrounded by both a pair of front and rear longitudinal plates 1, 1 and the side bars fitted between the right and left end parts of both longitudinal plates 1, 1. A distillation column E having a multilayered plate column structure in which a plurality of concentration parts E1 and recovery parts E2 are alternately provided adjacent with each other is constituted by joining and fixing a plurality of distillation elements equipped with such constitution as this in a state for sharing one longitudinal plate 1 as a partition wall. Both the recovery part and the concentration part are made adjacent to the horizontal direction and heat of the concentration part is directly transferred to the recovery part through the partition wall and the gas-liquid contact shelf and therefore the need for a special heat exchange medium such as a heat pipe is eliminated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a distillation apparatus in which so-called internal heat exchange is carried out between a concentration section and a recovery section of a distillation column.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, in a distillation apparatus equipped with a tray column type distillation column, as shown in FIG. , these are connected by a pressurization line C1 equipped with a compressor C1 and a pressure reduction line equipped with a pressure reduction valve D1, and the operating pressure to the concentrating section is
There is a known system in which heat exchange (internal heat exchange) is performed between the concentration section A and the recovery section B with the temperature of the recovery section B being higher than that of the recovery section B.

This internal heat exchange action promotes evaporation of the liquid by heating in the recovery section and condensation of vapor by removing heat in the concentration section, improving the thermal efficiency of the entire distillation column and saving energy. becomes.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In this case, conventionally, as a specific method for the internal heat exchange, a pipe for heat exchange is passed across the collection section and the concentrating section which are installed in parallel, or the steam extracted from the concentrating section is This method uses an indirect heat exchange method using a special medium, in which the water is passed through a heat exchanger installed on a shelf in the recovery section, condensed, and returned to the concentration section using a pump. This has the disadvantage that attached equipment such as pipes, pumps, and piping is required, making the structure for heat exchange complicated.

Therefore, the present invention provides a distillation apparatus that does not require a special medium for heat exchange between the concentrating section and the recovery section in the distillation column, and can simplify the heat exchange structure.

[One stage to solve the problem] The present invention incorporates a large number of upper F gas-liquid contact columns equipped with steam vents between a pair of vertical plates to form a distillation element, and a plurality of distillation elements are joined horizontally with one vertical plate commonly used as a partition wall to form a distillation column with a multi-layer tray structure in which the recovery section and concentration section are horizontally adjacent. A pressurizing pipe is provided between the recovery section and the concentrating section, which is equipped with a pressurizing means B for pressurizing the vapor emitted from the top of the column of the recovery section and sending it to the bottom of the column of the concentrating section, and A pressure reducing pipe line equipped with a pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure and returning it to the top of the column of the recovery section is provided.

[Function] With this configuration, heat from the concentration section is directly transmitted to the recovery section through the partition wall (vertical plate) and the gas-liquid contact column, eliminating the need for any special medium for heat exchange and reducing the heat exchange structure. becomes easy.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

FIG. 6 shows the distillation elements that make up the distillation column.

This distillation element is installed between a pair of front and rear vertical plates 1.1 and both left and right ends of both plates 1.1.
, 2, there are multiple upper and lower stages of gas-liquid contact columns 3.
. . . and corrugated fins 4 which are vertically installed between the gas-liquid contact columns 3 .

The gas-liquid contact 1113... consists of a horizontal step plate 3a with one end fixed to one of the 4-noid bars 2, and an overflow plate 3b taken vertically to the other end of the horizontal step plate 3a. After the liquid separated from the raw material fluid is moved horizontally along the horizontal plate 3a, it is made to flow down along the overflow plate 3b in an overflow manner toward the lower gas-liquid contact Ill 3. The horizontal tiered plate 3a is provided with a large number of steam holes 3a1 through which steam rising from below passes, and the steam is brought into contact with the liquid (gas-liquid contact) on the horizontal tiered plate 3a.

Note that a space S is provided between the upper surface of the horizontal plate 3a and the fins 4 to disperse steam on the horizontal plate 3a and to prevent the flow of liquid on the horizontal plate 3a from being obstructed by the fins 4.
is formed.

A plurality of distillation elements having such a configuration are joined in the horizontal direction by brazing U etc. with one vertical plate 1 commonly used as a partition wall. A plurality of concentration sections E1 and recovery sections ``2'' constitute a distillation column E having a multi-layer plate column structure in which a plurality of concentrating sections E1 and recovery sections ``2'' are arranged adjacent to each other alternately.

In FIG. 1, 5 is a condenser that condenses the vapor coming out from the top of the concentration section E1, and 6 is a reboiler that heats and evaporates the liquid at the bottom of the recovery section.

On the other hand, the column top of each recovery section E2 and the column bottom of each concentration section E1 are connected by a pressurizing pipe 8 equipped with a compressor 7 as a pressurizing means, and the column bottom of each concentration section E1 and the column bottom of each concentration section E2 The steam coming out from the top of each recovery section [2] is pressurized and distributed to the bottom of each concentration section E1. At the same time, the liquid accumulated at the bottom of each concentration section E1 is depressurized and returned to each recovery section E2. The distillation column E has a plurality of headers 11, 12, 13, 14 for supplying raw materials to each recovery section E2, transferring fluid between the concentrating section F1 and the recovery section E2, etc. .15,
16.17 has been established.

Next, the effect will be explained.

First, to explain the basic distillation action, the raw material fluid is distributed and supplied to the top of each recovery section [2] (or the bottom of each concentration section E1), where it is separated into vapor and liquid. The vapor rises and the liquid falls.

Liquid boiler 6 descended to the bottom of each recovery section IE 2
It is heated to boil and evaporate. This steam rises in the recovery section E2, is pressurized by the pressurizing pipe 8 together with the steam separated from the raw material, and is distributed and supplied to the bottom of each concentration section F1. Due to this pressurization operation, the operating pressure and humidity of each concentrating section E1 become higher than those of each collecting section F2.

The vapor that has entered each concentration section E1 rises in the concentration section E1 and is then condensed in the condenser 5. A portion is returned to the concentration section E1 as a reflux liquid, and the rest is taken out as an overhead product.

In the concentration section E1, this reflux liquid comes into contact with the vapor rising from below at the horizontal plate 3a-hi of each gas-liquid contact tank 3 as described above, and due to this gas-liquid contact, it enters the liquid phase. The low boiling point components in the gas phase move to the gas phase, and the high boiling point components in the gas phase move to the liquid phase, and by repeating this mass transfer, the low boiling point components in the gas phase,
and the high-boiling components in the liquid phase each gradually increase in concentration.

The liquid accumulated at the bottom of the concentrating section E1 is depressurized by the pressure reducing pipe 10 and returned to the top of each recovery section E2.
Gas-liquid contact occurs between this liquid and the steam rising in the recovery section E2.

In this way, the raw material is separated into a low-boiling point component and a high-boiling point component, and the low-boiling point component is handled as a top product and the high-boiling point component is handled as a bottom product.

During such a distillation action, the heat of each concentration section E1 is transmitted to the vertical plate 1 as a partition wall, the gas-liquid contact tank 3... and the fin 4.
The heat is transmitted to the adjacent recovery section E2 through the heat exchanger, thereby heating the recovery section E2 and at the same time removing the heat from the concentrating section F1.

Due to this heat exchange effect, a part of the rising vapor is condensed in the concentration section E1, and a part of the liquid on the horizontal plate 3a of the gas-liquid contact tank 3 is evaporated in the recovery section E2. Zuru. In this way, the separation action is promoted by the heat exchange action between the concentration section E1 and the recovery section E2, and the thermal efficiency of the entire distillation column is improved.

Note that the fins 4 of the concentrating section E1 and the collecting section E2 act as heat transfer elements as described above, and also serve as reinforcing members. The fins 4 also function as a baffle plate for suppressing the so-called entrainment phenomenon in which the liquid d5 on the horizontal step plate 3a where gas-liquid contact is made is blown away by vapor in the form of a mist.

Other embodiments (a) The fins 4 are the corrugated fins shown in the above embodiments.
Various shapes other than ・can be used. Also,
Although the fins 4 are effective in increasing the heat exchange efficiency as described above, even when the fins 4 are not provided, a sufficiently high thermal efficiency can be obtained compared to a conventional distillation column.

(b) In the above embodiment, the overflow plate 3b was attached to the horizontal tier plate 3a to form the gas-liquid contact tank 3, but instead of the overflow plate 3b, a pipe was attached perpendicularly to the horizontal tier plate for gas-liquid contact. A tank may also be configured. Furthermore, so-called perforated fins may be used as the horizontal step plate 3a.

(c) In order to increase the heat exchange efficiency between the concentration section and the recovery section, it is desirable to construct a distillation column by joining and fixing a plurality of concentration sections and recovery sections to the receiver as in the above embodiment. It may be a structure in which one concentrating section and a recovery section are joined and fixed, or a structure in which one concentrating section (or recovery section) is sandwiched between a pair of recovery sections (or concentrating sections).

(d) The pressurizing means for the pressurizing pipe line 8 and the pressure reducing means for the depressurizing pipe line 10 can be changed to devices other than the above-mentioned compressor and pressure reducing valve. For example, an expansion turbine can be used as the pressure reducing means, and in this case, the expansion turbine and the compressor as the pressurizing means may be coaxially driven.

[Effect of the invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the operating pressure and humidity of the concentration section in the distillation column are made higher than those of the recovery section to perform heat exchange between the concentration section and the recovery section. In this type of distillation apparatus, a distillation element is constructed by incorporating a number of upper and lower gas-liquid contact tanks equipped with steam vents between a pair of vertical plates, and one vertical plate is used as a partition wall to connect the plurality of distillation elements. A distillation column with a multi-layer plate tower structure is constructed in which the recovery section and the concentration section are horizontally adjacent to each other, and the heat from the concentration section is transferred to the recovery section through the partition wall and air. From 7j onwards, a special heat exchange medium such as a conventional pipe is no longer required, and the structure for heat exchange is It becomes much easier. Therefore, the equipment cost is low and it is advantageous in terms of maintenance and the like.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the entire device showing an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a partially enlarged view of Figure 1, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ■-IV in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is the same V-v.
Figure 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the distillation element, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of each line.
The figure is a system principle diagram of a distillation apparatus that uses an internal heat exchange method. 1.1... A pair of vertical plates constituting the distillation element, 2゜2・
... Same sidebar, 3... Gas-liquid contact shelf, 3a... Horizontal plate for gas-liquid contact in the same gas-liquid contact shelf, F... Distillation column, El... Concentration section of distillation column , [2... Recovery section, 7... Compressor as compression means, 8... Pressurizing pipe line, 9... Pressure reducing valve as pressure reducing means, 10... Pressure reducing pipe line. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 6 Figure 4 Product

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A distillation element is constructed by incorporating a number of upper and lower gas-liquid contact shelves equipped with steam vents between a pair of vertical plates, and a plurality of distillation elements are arranged horizontally with one vertical plate commonly used as a partition wall. The recovery section and concentration section are connected in the horizontal direction to form a distillation column with a multi-layer plate column structure in which the recovery section and concentration section are horizontally adjacent to each other. A pressurizing pipe equipped with a pressurizing means that pressurizes the vapor coming out of the top and sends it to the bottom of the column of the concentrating section, and a pressure reducing means that reduces the pressure of the liquid at the bottom of the column of the concentrating section and returns it to the top of the column of the recovery section. A distillation apparatus characterized by being provided with a pipe line.