JPH0129938B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of joining members in a three-dimensional truss using chord members mainly made of steel pipes.

The three-dimensional truss construction method is a construction method that has high manufacturing precision and can easily construct large-span structures by joining industrially produced members with bolts at the construction site. In addition to being able to accommodate free architectural shapes such as zigzag plates and curved surfaces,
Due to the beauty of its frame structure, it has been adopted as a roof construction method that wraps large architectural spaces such as large halls and indoor stadiums without pillars.

In general, three-dimensional truss structures manufactured using industrialized methods use spherical or multifaceted steel joints at the joints between members, and bolts are used to ensure that the stress axes of each member intersect at the same point within the joint. Basically, there is no structural eccentricity in each component, and steel pipes with high cross-sectional efficiency are often used as members.

Figures 1 and 2 show an example of a member joint in a space truss using steel pipes that has been put into practical use in the past. The large-diameter ends of the end fittings 9 are joined to both ends of the steel pipe member 10 by welding to form a string member 11, which is a part of a ball shell and is provided with a through hole 12 for bolt insertion. The spherical outer surface of the annular steel joint fitting 13 and the chord member 11
A washer 14 is interposed between the bolt insertion hole 12 of the joining fitting 13 and the washer 1.
4, the bolt 15 is inserted from the inside of the joining fitting 13, and the bolt 15 is screwed into the screw hole 8 of the end fitting 9 in the string member 11, and the bolt 15 connects the joining fitting 13 and the string member 11 to the washer. They are fastened and connected via 14. The bolt 15 is tightened using a tightening tool inserted through the operation opening 16 of the joining fitting 13. After tightening,
Set screw 1 for locking screwed into end fitting 9
7 is rotated in the tightening direction and pressed against the bolt 15.

However, in the case of the conventional truss member joint, although it has the advantage of being able to easily assemble a highly accurate three-dimensional truss, it has the following problems.

That is, FIG. 3 shows a plurality of bolts 15A, 15
In this case, it is important for truss assembly work that the socket 18 of the bolt tightening rotary tool does not hit the head of the adjacent bolt 15B. Bolt 15A is a necessary condition and passes through the spherical center of the joining metal fitting 13.
The minimum value of the angle φ between the axes of the bolt 15B is determined by the size of the head of the bolt. must be greater than a certain value.

Further, FIG. 4 shows the state in which the bolt 15A is inserted from the inside of the joining fitting 13. In this case, in order to be able to insert the bolt 15A without any trouble, the head of the bolt 15B that has already been inserted must be It is necessary to set the inner diameter R of the joining fitting within a range that does not obstruct the insertion of the bolt 15A.

For the above reasons, as the number of bolts inserted into one joint, the diameter of the bolt, and the length of the bolt increase, the inner diameter of the joint increases, and the structural strength of the joint increases accordingly. In order to maintain this, it became necessary to increase the wall thickness of the joint metal fittings, and as a result, there was a problem in that the size and weight of the joint metal fittings increased at an accelerating rate. In particular, for large-span structures and three-dimensional truss structures subject to large external loads such as snow and wind, there is a problem in that the manufacturing and assembly costs of structural members increase significantly, making the overall construction cost relatively high. .

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining members of a space truss that can advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail using illustrated examples.

FIG. 5 shows a bolted chord member 19 used in an embodiment of the present invention, in which stoppers 21 made of steel plates are fixed by welding inside both ends of a steel pipe member 20 having a circular cross section, and at the small diameter end. A tightening bolt having a head 23 at the base end and an engagement threaded hole 24 at the tip is installed in the through hole 2 of a truncated conical steel end fitting 22 having a through hole 2 for bolt insertion. The shaft portion 4 of the bolt 3 is inserted from the large diameter side of the end fitting 22, and the male thread around the shaft portion 4 of the bolt 3 and the female thread of the screw hole 24 are opposite threads, for example, the shaft portion 4 of the bolt 3 is inserted from the large diameter side of the end fitting 22. When the male thread of the screw hole 24 is a left-hand thread, the female thread of the screw hole 24 is a right-hand thread.

A locking push screw 25 perpendicular to the through hole 2 is screwed onto the tip side of the end fitting 22, and the large diameter ends of the end fitting 22 are fixed to both ends of the steel pipe member 20 by welding, A chord member 1 is constituted by a steel pipe member 20 and end fittings 22 fixed to both ends thereof.

FIG. 6 shows a joining fitting 7 used in an embodiment of the present invention, in which an operating opening 5 is provided on one side in the vertical direction of a joining fitting main body 26 consisting of a ball shell. A large number of screw holes 6 for screwing in bolts are provided in the peripheral wall of .

7 and 8 show a washer 28 used in an embodiment of the present invention, in which a concave spherical surface 29 that fits the spherical outer surface of the joining fitting 7 is provided on one side of the circular washer body, and A flat surface 38 is provided on the opposite side of the washer body.

Stopper 21 in the bolted chord member 19
The position is such that when the head 23 of the bolt 2 is in contact with the stopper 21, the length of the tip of the bolt 3 protruding from the tip surface of the end fitting 22 does not exceed the minimum thickness of the washer 28. It is set at the position closest to the end fitting 22.

The stopper 21 may be fixed to the end fitting 22, and any fixing means such as welding, screwing, press fitting, etc. may be used to fix the stopper 21.

When the washer 28 is not used, the position of the stopper 21 is set so that the tip of the bolt 3 does not protrude from the tip surface of the end fitting 22. The diameter and length of the bolt insertion hole 2 in the end fitting 22 are set so that the bolt 3 can move smoothly in the axial direction and will not fall off inside the end fitting 22.

FIG. 9 shows a pin bolt 30 used in an embodiment of the present invention, in which one end of a rotating tool engaging shaft portion 31 consisting of a hexagonal shaft portion is inserted into the engaging threaded hole 24 of the bolt 3. An engaging male screw portion 32 to be screwed is integrally provided.

When assembling a three-dimensional truss using the bolted chord members 19, joining fittings 7, pin bolts 30, and washers 28, first, as shown in FIG.
The flat surface of the washer 28 is brought into contact with the tip end surface of the washer 28 , the concave spherical surface of the washer 28 is brought into contact with the spherical outer surface of the joining fitting 7 , and the axis of the bolt 3 is aligned with the center of the screw hole in the joining fitting 7 .

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the pin bolt 30 is inserted into the joint metal fitting 7 through the operation opening 5 of the joint metal fitting 7, and the male threaded part 32 of the pin bolt 30 is screwed into the engagement screw hole 24 of the bolt 3 to engage the metal fitting 7. Stop. In this case, since the weight of the bolt 3 is significantly greater than the weight of the pin bolt 30, when the pin bolt 30 is rotated in the screwing direction, there is a frictional resistance between the engaging male threaded portion 32 of the pin bolt 30 and the engaging screw hole 24 of the bolt 3. Therefore, the bolts 3 do not rotate together and prevent the pin bolt 30 from being screwed in.

Next, by pulling and moving the pin bolt 30 toward the center of the joint, the bolt 3 is also moved, and the tip of the bolt 3 is engaged with the end of the screw hole 6, and in this state, the pin bolt 30 is inserted into the bolt 3. Rotate in the direction of screwing in. In this way, the pin bolt 30 hits the deep part of the engagement screw hole 24 and cannot be screwed in any further, so the pin bolt 30 and the bolt 3 rotate as one, and this rotation Since the direction is the direction in which the bolt 3 is screwed into the screw hole 6 of the joining metal fitting 7, the bolt 3 is screwed into the screw hole 6, rotated, and moved toward the center of the joining metal fitting 7.

In addition, the operation of screwing the engagement male threaded portion 32 of the pin bolt 30 into the engagement screw hole 24 of the bolt 3, the operation of pulling the pin bolt 30 together with the bolt 3 toward the center of the joint metal fitting, and the operation of pulling the pin bolt 30 toward the bolt 3
The tip of the bolt 3 is inserted into the screw hole 6.
The operation of threading the pin bolt 30 is carried out, for example, by grasping the pin bolt 30 by hand or with a suitable tool. Further, after the tip of the bolt 3 is screwed into the screw hole 6, the pin bolt 30 is rotated in the screwing direction using a rotary tool such as a ratchet trench as shown in FIG.
This is done by

Next, when the chord member 1 and the joining fitting 7 are lightly tightened by the bolt 3 via the washer 28, that is, temporarily tightened, the rotating tool 33
The tightening operation is stopped, and the pin bolt 30 is unscrewed from the bolt 3.

After temporarily tightening all the string members 1 and the joining fittings 7 with the bolts 3 in this way, each bolt 3 is further tightened using the rotating tool 33 and the pin bolt 30 for final tightening. Then, rotate the set screw 25 in the tightening direction to press it against the shaft of the bolt 3,
Prevent loosening of bolt 3. Figure 13 and 1
Fig. 4 shows the joined parts of the upper chord member, the inclined chord member, and the joining fittings after they have been joined.

If the string material and the joining metal fitting are joined as described above, since there is no bolt head inside the joining metal fitting, the diameter of the joining metal fitting 7 can be made small as shown in FIG. The ends of the material can be joined to the joining fittings in a state where they are brought very close to each other.

Figures 13 and 14 show examples in which the present invention is applied to join upper chord members, inclined chord members, and joining fittings, but this invention can also be applied to join lower chord members, inclined chord members, and connecting fittings. It can be implemented by In this case, the operating opening of the joint may be placed on the lower side.

Also, when the head 23 of the bolt 3 at one or both ends of the string member 1 comes into contact with the stopper 21, the length of the bolt 3 is adjusted so that the tip of the shaft portion 4 of the bolt 3 does not protrude from the tip surface of the end fitting 22. You may also set In this way, when setting a string between two joint metal fittings whose position is fixed, the washer should be brought into contact with the spherical outer surface of the joint metal fitting beforehand, and then the end of the string can be placed on the flat surface of the washer. The string can be easily set by moving the string in a direction parallel to , so that the end face of the chord is opposed to the flat surface of the washer.

When carrying out this invention, the concave spherical surface formed at the tip of the end fitting 22 may be brought into contact with the spherical outer surface of the joining fitting 7 without using the washer 28. Further, both may be made flat so that the tip of the end fitting and the outer periphery of the screw hole 6 of the joining fitting can be brought into close contact. Furthermore, operation openings may be provided on both the upper and lower sides of the spherical shell-shaped joint fitting.

Next, another example of the bolt rotation operation section will be explained.

First example As shown in FIG. 16, the pin bolt 30 is provided with a small diameter portion 34 for twist cutting in the middle portion.
The other configurations are the same as in the previous embodiment.

Second Example As shown in FIG. 17, a hexagonal rotary tool engaging protrusion 35 is fixed to the center of the tip of the bolt shaft 4 by welding, press-fitting, or other means, or 4 and its protrusion 3
5 is provided with an engagement threaded hole 24 spiraling in the opposite direction to the male thread of the bolt shaft portion 4, and the male threaded portion 32 of the pin bolt 30 is screwed into the threaded hole 24.

Third Example As shown in FIG. 18, a small diameter portion 34 for twisting and cutting is provided at the boundary between the rotary tool engaging shaft portion 31 and the male thread portion 32 of the pin bolt 30.
The other configurations are the same as in the second example.

Fourth example As shown in FIG. 19, a recess 36 for engaging a rotary tool consisting of a hexagonal hole is located at the center of the tip of the bolt shaft 4.
is provided at the bottom of the recess 36, and a screw hole 24 for engagement with the male thread of the bolt shaft 4 is provided in a reverse helical manner.
A pin bolt 30 is provided with a rotary tool engaging shaft portion 31 that is thick enough to rotate within the recessed portion 36.
The male screw portion 31 is screwed into the screw hole 24.

Fifth Example As shown in FIG. 20, a small diameter portion 34 for twisting and cutting is provided at the boundary between the rotary tool engaging shaft portion 31 and the male thread portion 32 of the pin bolt 30.
The other configurations are the same as in the fourth example.

Sixth Example As shown in FIG. 21, the hexagonal rotary tool engaging shaft 37 is fixed to the center of the tip of the bolt shaft 4 by welding, press-fitting, or other means, or It is manufactured integrally with part 4.

Seventh example As shown in Fig. 22, the rotary tool engaging shaft portion 3
Small diameter part 3 for twist cutting at the end on the bolt side at 7
4 is provided, but the other configurations are the same as in the sixth example.

Eighth Example As shown in Fig. 23, the rotary tool engaging shaft portion 3
A small-diameter portion 34 for twist cutting is provided at the intermediate portion of 7, but the other configurations are the same as in the sixth example.

Ninth Example As shown in FIG. 24, a rotary tool engaging recess 36 consisting of a hexagonal hole is located at the center of the tip of the bolt shaft 4.
is provided, and one end of a rotary tool engaging shaft portion 37 consisting of a hexagonal shaft with a small diameter portion 34 for twist cutting formed at one end is fixed to the center of the bottom of the recess 36 by stud welding or the like.

10th Example As shown in FIG. 25, a hexagonal rotary tool engaging recess 36 is provided at the center of the tip of the bolt shaft 4. This example is used for the bolt at the lower end of the string when the string is arranged at an angle, and after the bolt 3 is moved by its own weight and hits the screw hole 6 of the joining fitting 7, A rotary tool is engaged with the recess 36, and the bolt 3 is rotated by the rotary tool to be screwed into the screw hole 6.

6 shown in FIGS. 21, 22 to 24.
For example, in the case of the seventh to ninth examples, when screwing the bolt 3 into the screw hole 6 of the joining fitting 7, the shaft portion 37 is grasped by hand or with an appropriate tool and pulled toward the center of the joining fitting. , then rotate.

If the small diameter part 34 for twisting and cutting is provided in the pin bolt 30 and the rotary tool engaging shaft part 37, and the small diameter part 34 is twisted and cut when the required torque is reached when the bolt is fully tightened, the Small diameter part 3
By tightening until the bolt 4 is twisted, it can be easily confirmed that the bolt 3 has been tightened to the required torque.

Also, Figures 17 to 20, Figure 23 and 2
In the case of Fig. 4, even if the pin bolt 30 is screwed off or twisted and cut, or the rotating tool engaging shaft portion 37 is twisted and cut, the rotating tool engaging portion remains at the tip of the bolt shaft. Therefore, after loosening the set screw 25, the rotary tool can be engaged with the rotary tool engaging portion to unscrew the bolt or tighten it again. Therefore, the truss structure can be dismantled. There is an advantage that it is possible to perform relocation or assembly dimension correction after the truss structure assembly is completed.

In the case of Fig. 21, there is no need to attach or detach the pin bolt 30 before or after tightening the bolt 3, and the set screw 30 does not need to be attached or detached before or after tightening the bolt 3.
By loosening 5, the port 3 can be unscrewed and retightened, thus allowing for the disassembly of the truss structure.
It has the advantage of being able to be relocated or modified in assembly dimensions.

The cross-sectional shape of the rotary tool engaging shaft portions 31, 37 and the rotary tool engaging recess 36 may be a shape other than hexagonal, such as a quadrangular shape, a shape having 12 V-shaped protrusions around the periphery, or other non-circular shape. It may be hot.

FIG. 26 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the stopper 21 in the previous embodiment is omitted, a service hole 38 is provided in the steel pipe member 20, and the bolt 3 is manually serviced during assembly. It is inserted into the steel pipe member 20 through the hole 38, then through the through hole 2 of the steel end fitting 22, and the tip of the bolt 3 is engaged with the end of the threaded hole 6 of the joining fitting 7, and then The clamping operation is carried out in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

Generally, immersion plating is sometimes performed as a corrosion prevention method for structural members. In this case, if the bolt has been inserted into the member in advance, the plating layer will adhere to the threaded part of the bolt during plating. There is a risk that subsequent fastening will not be possible, and therefore, the current practice is to perform thread cutting again after plating, but in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 26, there is no need to perform the complicated post-processing described above.

According to this invention, the shaft portion 4 of the bolt 3 is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 2 provided at the end of the string member 1 from the inside of the string member, and the end of the string member 1 is inserted into the operating opening. 5 and the outer surface of a spherical joint fitting 7 having a screw hole 6 for screwing a bolt, and align the center of the bolt insertion hole 2 of the string member 1 with the center of the screw hole 6 of the joining fitting 7. Align it almost, and then tighten the bolt 3.
is rotated by operation from inside the joint, and the shaft portion 4 of the bolt 3 is screwed into the screw hole 6 of the joint 7 from the outside to the inside of the joint 7, so that a ball shell-like shape is formed. The chord member 1 and the joining metal fitting 7 can be connected by the bolt 3 in such a way that the head of the bolt 3 does not exist inside the joining metal fitting 7, so that the head of the bolt exists inside the joining metal fitting 7. To be able to solve the problems in the conventional case, and to eliminate the need to insert the entire bolt 3 into the joint metal fitting 7, thereby reducing the diameter of the joint metal fitting 7 and greatly reducing its weight. In addition, the joining fittings 7 can be manufactured at low cost, and since the bolts 3 are housed in the chord members 1 that are manufactured in advance at the factory, workability at the truss assembly site is good.
In addition, parts management is easy and labor can be saved, so that assembly costs can be significantly reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a conventional three-dimensional truss member joint, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the connection between a bolt head and a rotating tool socket in a conventional member joint. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a bolt is being inserted in a conventional member joint. 5 to 14 show an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway vertical side view of a string member with bolts, FIG. 6 is a vertical side view of a joining fitting, and FIG. The figure is a vertical side view of the washer.
Fig. 8 is a front view of the washer, Fig. 9 is a side view of the pin bolt, Figs. 10 to 12 are vertical side views showing the joining order of the chord members and the joining fittings, and Fig. 13 is the member joining of the three-dimensional truss. FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along the line B--B. Fig. 15 is a longitudinal side view showing a state in which two chord members are brought closest to each other and joined to a joining fitting, and Figs. 16 to 25 show other examples of the rotary tool engaging portion of a bolt. In this case, A is a side view or a partially longitudinal side view, and B is a front view. FIG. 26 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing another embodiment. In the figure, 1 is a string member, 2 is a through hole for bolt insertion, 3 is a bolt, 4 is a shaft portion, 5 is an opening for operation,
6 is a screw hole for bolt threading, 7 is a joining metal fitting, 19 is a chord member with a bolt, 20 is a steel pipe member, 21 is a stopper, 22 is a steel end fitting, 24 is a screw hole for engagement,
25 is a set screw for locking, 28 is a washer, 29 is a concave spherical surface, 30 is a pin bolt, 31 is a shaft portion for engaging a rotary tool, 32 is a male screw portion for engaging, 33 is a rotary tool,
34 is a small diameter portion for twist cutting, 35 is a rotary tool engagement protrusion, 36 is a rotary tool engagement recess, and 37 is a rotary tool engagement shaft portion.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Insert the shaft part 4 of the bolt 3 from the inside of the string material into the bolt insertion hole 2 provided at the end of the string material 1,
The end of the string member 1 is placed opposite to the outer surface of the spherical shell-shaped joint fitting 7, which has an operating opening 5 and a screw hole 6 for bolt threading, and the through hole 2 for bolt insertion of the string member 1. The center is aligned with the center of the threaded hole 6 of the joining metal fitting 7, and then the bolt 3 is rotated by operation from inside the joining metal fitting to screw into the threaded hole 6 of the joining metal fitting 7, and the bolt 3 tightens the string. A method for joining members of a three-dimensional truss, which comprises tightening and joining an end of a member 1 and a joining fitting 7.