JPH01282519A - Liquid crystal element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the function of a polarized light compensating plate by composing the liquid crystal element of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between substrates, a polarizing means arranged outside the liquid crystal layer, and a liquid crystal high polymer layer arranged between the liquid crystal layer and polarizing means. CONSTITUTION:The substrates 11 and 21 have oriented films 13 and 23 which are oriented and transparent electrodes 12 and 22, both substrates 11 and 21 are arranged opposite each other at an interval, and liquid crystal is charged between them to arrange the liquid crystal layer 6, thus forming a liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between a 1st polarizing plate 14 and a 2nd polarizing plate 24, and a liquid crystal high polymer layer is arranged between a 2nd polarizing substrate 21 and polarizing plate 24 to constitute the liquid crystal element. This liquid crystal high polymer layer is easily made into a uniformly distributed film and functions excellently as the polarizing light polarizing plate for the liquid crystal element for a birefringent mode.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal element that performs display or optical switching using birefringence of a liquid crystal layer.

[Prior art]

What is the display mode of LCD that has been mainly used in the past?

It is called a twisted nematic (TN) type, and has a structure in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted approximately 90 degrees between a pair of upper and lower substrates, and utilizes the rotation of the plane of polarization by the liquid crystal and the disappearance of this effect by voltage. . This display mode was sufficient for low time division driving such as watches and calculators, but it has the disadvantage that when high time division driving is used to increase the display capacity, the contrast decreases and the viewing angle becomes narrow. was there.

This is because the ratio of the voltages applied to selected points and non-selected points approaches 1 when high time-division driving is performed, and in order to obtain a display element with high contrast and a wide viewing angle, the relative transmittance of the element must be 1.
01 Voltage V that changes by 50% for changing voltage v1°
,. It is necessary to make the steepness γ, which is expressed by the ratio (VS./Vworking), as small as possible.

In the case of twisted nematic type, this γ value is 1.13
That's about it. In order to reduce this γ value, a method has been proposed in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by about 180 to 270 degrees between the substrates, and the axis of the liquid crystal molecules is shifted from the polarization axis of the polarizing plate.
5BE (Super twisted birefri)
ngenaeaffect) mode and 5TN (Supe
r twisted namatic) mode. According to such a system, the γ value can be reduced to 1.1 or less, and high time-division driving of about 1/400 duty is possible. However, in this type of system, coloring due to birefringence and its change due to voltage are used, so in principle, black and white display is performed by a circuit layer, and the transmitted light or reflected light of the liquid crystal cell is colored. It ends up being displayed on a colored background.

Also, as another mode that utilizes the birefringence effect.

DAP (Deformation of Vertices)
ally Aligned Phase) mode, E
CB (Electrically Controlled
dBirefrings Effect) mode and the like are also known. Although these modes have excellent time-division driving characteristics, they have the disadvantage that, like the STN and SBE modes, the background color is colored and the color changes depending on the viewing angle.

In order to eliminate the above-mentioned coloring, it is also known to superimpose an achromatic liquid crystal cell in which the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules is opposite to the STN type liquid crystal cell.

However, in this case, since two liquid crystal cells are stacked, the cost is high, the overall thickness and weight are also large, and the distance between the polarizing plate and the display liquid crystal layer becomes large, so one display character There are disadvantages such as floating lines.

〔the purpose〕

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional liquid crystal elements and to provide a liquid crystal element that is thin, lightweight, and capable of displaying black and white with excellent display quality.

〔composition〕

According to the present invention, it is composed of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between substrates, a polarizing means arranged outside the liquid crystal layer, and a liquid crystal polymer In arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing means. A liquid crystal element is provided.

Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of a liquid crystal element according to the present invention. In this figure, 11 is a first substrate, 21 is a second substrate, and each substrate 11.21 has an alignment film 13, 23 subjected to alignment treatment and a transparent electrode 12.22, and both substrates 11.21 are arranged to be spaced apart and facing each other.

A liquid crystal layer 6 is disposed with liquid crystal sealed therebetween, forming a liquid crystal cell. 5.5' indicates the outer peripheral sealing material. This liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between a first polarizing plate 14 and a second polarizing plate 24, and a liquid crystal polymer layer 7 is disposed between the second substrate 2I and the polarizing plate 24 to constitute a liquid crystal element. ing.

It is necessary to use the alignment film appropriately depending on the display mode of the liquid crystal. For example, STN, SBE.

In case of a liquid crystal such as ECB, alignment treatment is performed so that the liquid crystal is substantially horizontal or the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate is 30 degrees or less. For this purpose, for example, polyimides, polyamides, alkoxysilanes.

After forming a film of polyvinyl alcohol or the like, a method of rubbing in one direction with a cotton cloth or the like or a method of obliquely depositing a compound such as Sin, SiO, etc. are generally used. Also, D
In the AP mode, an alignment film is formed so that liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicularly or at an angle close to perpendicularly to the substrate. For this purpose, for example, a coating method using alkoxysilane or alkoxytitanium having a long-chain alkyl group, an oblique evaporation method, etc. are generally used.

In the STN or SBB mode, the liquid crystal used is a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy to which chiral nematic liquid crystal or cholesteric liquid crystal is added to impart a twisted 4It structure between the upper and lower substrates. In the ECB mode, a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is also used. In the DAP mode, a nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy is used.

In the present invention, a liquid crystalline polymer Jd is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate. The liquid crystalline polymer layer may be placed anywhere between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate, and in FIG. 1, it is placed between the substrate and the polarizing plate.

The term "liquid crystalline polymer" as used herein means a polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity within or outside the liquid crystal operating temperature range. When a polymer exhibits a liquid crystal phase outside the range of liquid crystal use, when it becomes a solid or glass phase at a temperature within the range of liquid crystal use, the alignment state in the liquid crystal phase is not reflected in the solid or glass phase. In this case, preferred examples of the liquid crystal phase include liquid crystal phases in which liquid crystal molecules are uniaxially aligned, such as a nematic phase, a smectic A phase, a smectic C phase, and a smectic B phase, as well as a cholesteric phase. Furthermore, in the present invention, polymers exhibiting an otropic liquid crystal phase can also be used. In this case, it is necessary that the molecular orientation of the liquid crystal phase shown in the solution phase is reflected in the solid phase after removing the solvent.

The liquid crystalline polymer layer used in the present invention can be formed using a film that has been formed in advance, or can be formed by coating a substrate or a polarizing plate to form a film. Furthermore, by forming one or both of the substrates with a liquid crystalline polymer film, the substrate itself can also serve as a liquid crystalline polymer layer. The liquid crystal polymer layer can be composed of a single layer or a plurality of liquid crystal polymer film layers, and can also be arranged on both sides so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer.

In the present invention, the polarizing plate is placed on the outside of the second substrate.

The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate adjacent to the polarizing plate (or the direction in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is projected onto the substrate) and the polarization axis of the polarizing plate are arranged in a range of 20 degrees to 70 degrees. preferable.

The substrate used in the present invention may be anything as long as it is translucent, and glass, plastic film, etc. are generally used.

Next, specific examples of liquid crystalline polymers will be shown.

(1) Lyotropic liquid crystal Synthetic polypeptides, aromatic polyamides, etc. containing the following structure.

Kamikin 11NII← CI□Cl2COOR R: alkyl group, aralkyl group, etc.

(2) Thermotropic liquid crystal (i) Main chain type liquid crystal polymer Polyester, polyester amide having the following structure,
polycarbonate, polyether, etc.

+-xl) (A-X, +-(II) x, , x2 knee coo-1-CONI (-1-OCO
-1-〇- etc.

M Knee Ph-C0O-Ph-1-Ph-N=N-P
h-1-P h-P h-1-ph-ph-coo-
ph-1-Ph-N=CH-Ph-, etc.

(ph indicates a phenylene group. This indicates an optically active carbon atom) (ii) Side chain type liquid crystal polymer A vinyl polymer, polysiloxane, etc. having the following structure.

←L→ I3 A: -(C&), <H, CH, 吃, <HCH, scolding, etc. n n n
R: Alkyl group, alkoxyhalogen, nitrocyano group, etc.

(ui) Rigid main chain type liquid crystal polymer In addition to polypeptides having the following structure, polyisocyanates, cellulose derivatives, etc.

C11□Coo(Q12)ncl+.

Next, specific structural examples of preferred liquid crystalline polymers used in the present invention will be shown.

(7)-Pe><0)-0-GO-(CI+2>.-)(
X: Y: halogen atom, hydrogen atom or methyl group) R: alkoxy R: alkoxy C0-NH-(CI,)rrω+(,,It,.

R knee 0-Ph-COo-Ph-X (X knee OCR,,
-QC, Hl, -CN).

-COO-C,,H,s In the liquid crystalline polymer layer of the present invention, the liquid crystalline polymers are uniformly aligned, but in order to obtain such polymer alignment, the following method is used. can be mentioned.

(i) Injection molding a polymer in a liquid crystal state.

(it) Stretching the preformed liquid crystal polymer film.

(fit) A liquid crystal film formed on a substrate or polarizing plate (
Shear stress and an electric or magnetic field are applied to the film in the liquid crystal state.

(Cry) After applying alignment treatment such as rubbing treatment to the substrate or polarizing plate in advance, a liquid crystal polymer layer is formed on it.
Next, it is heated to a temperature at which it becomes a liquid crystal phase.

When the liquid crystal phase temperature of the liquid crystal polymer used in the present invention is higher than the liquid crystal operating temperature, it is preferable to cool the liquid crystal film that has been aligned at the liquid crystal phase temperature.

The film thus obtained (hereinafter also referred to as quench fill A) is an oriented film in which the molecular orientation state in the liquid crystal phase is maintained. In addition, such an quenched film is mechanically excellent and therefore can be said to be a preferable film for use in the present invention.

Next, preferred embodiments of the liquid crystal element of the present invention will be described in detail.

When the liquid crystal element of the present invention is used in an ECB or DAP liquid crystal operation mode, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal polymer exhibiting a smectic phase or a nematic phase. , the polymer film becomes optically uniaxial. Then, the quench film becomes a frozen uniaxial solid, and provides a liquid crystalline polymer film suitable for use in the ECB or DAP mode liquid crystal element.

In the liquid crystal element used in this ECB and DAP mode,
To make the transmitted light or reflected light of the cell white or black.

The principal refractive index direction (the direction with the largest refractive index) of the liquid crystal polymer layer is the principal refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (if the liquid crystal molecules have a tilt angle, the direction of the principal refractive index toward the substrate surface) The retardation δ (LC) of the liquid crystal layer and the retardation δ (FLM) of the liquid crystal polymer layer should be approximately equal to each other. In this case, δ (LC) is as follows: Formula % Formula % (In the formula, Δn is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, <θ> is the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal, and λ is the wavelength of light). FLM) is expressed by the following formula.

λ (where ΔN is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal polymer layer, D is the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer layer, ■ is the tilt angle of the optical axis of the liquid crystal polymer layer, and λ is the wavelength of the light. In the above-mentioned ECB or DAP mode liquid crystal display element, the preferable range of the value of ΔN-D for the liquid crystal polymer layer is 0.2 to 1.5/1 s.

Even when the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is used in the STN or SBE mode of liquid crystal operation, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal polymer exhibiting a smectic phase or a nematic phase. In this case, in order to make the transmitted light or reflected light of the liquid crystal cell white or black, the main refractive index direction of the liquid crystalline polymer layer and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate adjacent to this liquid crystalline polymer layer must be aligned. It is preferable to make the selection so that the retardation δ (LC) of the liquid crystal layer and the retardation δ (FLM) of the liquid crystal polymer layer satisfy the following formula (λ = 0.55 m). )−π/4≦
δ(LC)-δ(FLM)≦3/4π (II[
) A more preferable relationship between δ(LC) and δ(FLM) satisfies the following equation.

π13≦δ(LC)−δ(FLM)≦2/3π
(IV) In this case, δ(LC) is expressed by the following formula.

Δn phrase・cos” <θ> δ(LC) = (ω”10()”)’/” (V)λ (where ω is the twist angle of liquid crystal molecules between the substrates, Δn,
d, <θ> and λ have the same meanings as above) λ (ΔN, D, cos"■ and λ have the same meanings as above) STN or SBE configured as above
In mode liquid crystal elements, light that becomes elliptically polarized light after passing through a cell is returned to linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light close to linearly polarized light due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal polymer layer. Since the light passes through a linear polarizer, a display color of white or black can be obtained.

Another preferred embodiment of using the liquid crystal element of the present invention in the STN or SBE mode of liquid crystal operation is one in which a liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting a cholesteric phase is used as the liquid crystalline polymer. In this case, it is preferable that the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate adjacent to the liquid crystal polymer layer and the orientation direction of the polymer on the surface of the liquid crystal polymer layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer are approximately perpendicular, and It is preferable that the twisting direction of the liquid crystalline polymer is opposite to the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer, and further,
In order to make the transmitted light or reflected light of the cell white or black, λ
=0.55 μI, retardation δ of the liquid crystal layer (C) and retardation δ of the liquid crystal polymer layer (FLM)
It is preferable to make them approximately equal. in this case.

The retardation δ (FLM) of the liquid crystalline polymer layer is expressed by the following formula.

(In the formula, Ω is the twist angle of the polymer between the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the liquid crystal polymer layer, and ΔN, D, ■, and λ are the same as above.) Also, the retardation δ of the liquid crystal layer (LC) is represented by the same formula (V) as above.

This STN or SBE is the mode in the liquid crystal element.

The preferred range of the twist angle ω of liquid crystal molecules is:
The angle is 160 to 360 degrees. On the other hand, the preferred range of the twist angle Ω of the liquid crystalline polymer is 160 to 360 degrees. If ω is too small, display contrast will decrease, and if ω is too large, alignment defects called stripe domains will appear in the liquid crystal layer. 6-hole d for good display contrast
and ΔN-D are both in the range of 0.4 to 1.2 tones.

Note that the value of Ω is determined by the pitch of the liquid crystal polymer used and the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer layer. Further, the pitch of the liquid crystalline polymer can be easily controlled by copolymerization or polymer blending.

The STN or SBE mode liquid crystal element obtained using a liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting a cholesteric phase has a completely black and white background color. When using an untwisted uniaxial liquid crystal polymer layer, λ=0.5
Even if ΔN-D is set to satisfy the above formula (III) or (IV) with 5μl11 (green), the above formula (III) or (IV) must be sufficiently satisfied for red or blue light. This may cause light leakage and some discoloration.

〔effect〕

The liquid crystal element of the present invention has a structure in which a liquid crystal polymer layer is interposed between a liquid crystal layer and a polarizing means. This liquid crystalline polymer layer is easy to form into a uniformly oriented film, its WAN refraction is also easy to control, and the wavelength dependence of its birefringence is similar to that of the liquid crystal used for operation. The liquid crystalline polymer layer in the present invention exhibits an excellent function as a polarization compensation plate for a birefringence mode liquid crystal element.

Therefore, the liquid crystal element of the present invention can be used as a high time division liquid crystal display element for black and white display or dark blue display on a white background.

In addition, since the liquid crystalline polymer layer can be made extremely thin,
Unlike conventional devices that use a liquid crystal cell as a polarization compensation plate, the liquid crystal device of the present invention hardly increases the thickness or weight of the device even with the addition of the liquid crystal polymer layer, and the cost also increases only slightly. It is.

In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, the one in which the cholesteric liquid crystal polymer layer is used as a polarization compensation plate in STN or SBE mode can be used as a high time division liquid crystal display element with significantly improved black and white display performance and viewing angle characteristics. I can do it.

The liquid crystal element of the present invention includes DAP, ECB, SBE,
It can be used for display in a display mode that utilizes birefringence, such as STN, and can also be advantageously used as an optical shutter.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 After forming a polyimide film to a thickness of 100 mm on the transparent electrode side of a glass substrate having a transparent electrode mainly composed of indium oxide on one side, a polyimide film was coated in one direction with a nylon flocked cloth (
A horizontal alignment process was performed.

Next, another substrate subjected to the same treatment and the substrate were
．． The electrodes were placed so that they faced each other with a spacer of 7 pm in between, and the rubbing direction was antiparallel (r□ force direction), and a nematic liquid crystal ZL11701 (E-Merck manufactured by Δr+-0,10
6) was enclosed (Δnd=0, 60 pts).

The surface of the upper substrate of this cell is made of Hitachi Chemical 1, which is made of polyamide.
A film of 1% HL1100 was formed to a thickness of 1000 mm, and rubbed in a direction (r3 direction) perpendicular to the direction of the alignment treatment.

Next, this cell was heated to 125° C., a film of a liquid crystalline polymer having the structure shown below was formed on the alignment-treated surface by plate coating, and then cooled to room temperature.

In this case, the direction of blade application was parallel to the rubbing direction.

? 11゜This liquid crystalline polymer transforms into a nematic phase at temperatures above about 100°C and into an isotropic liquid above 120°C.The thickness of the coating film is about 4 degrees, and ΔN-D is 0.6. It's a habit.

Polarizing plates were installed above and below the cell obtained in this way so that the polarization axes (P, P2) were parallel to each other and at an angle of 45 degrees to the liquid crystal alignment direction (rubbing direction), and the liquid crystal display The element was constructed.

This liquid crystal display element is white when no voltage is applied, and is 3V
When a square wave was applied, a dark blue display was obtained. Its steepness (defined as the ratio v9°/V1° of the voltage v1° at which the light transmittance changes by 10% and the voltage ■ at which the light transmittance changes by 90%) is 1.12
It had excellent time-division drive characteristics. Although some contrast changes and color changes were observed depending on the viewing angle, the display quality was sufficient for practical use.

FIG. 2 shows an explanatory diagram of the structure of the liquid crystal display element. In this figure, 21 is the upper substrate, 11 is the lower substrate, 24.14
is a polarizing plate, and 6' is a liquid crystal molecule that constitutes a liquid crystal layer.

7 indicates a liquid crystalline polymer layer. Further, arrow r1 indicates the rubbing direction of the lower substrate, arrow r2 indicates the rubbing direction of the lower surface of the upper substrate, arrow r indicates the rubbing direction of the upper surface of the upper substrate, and rl and r2
are in an antiparallel relationship, and r, r and r2 are in an orthogonal relationship. Arrows P, t, and P2 indicate polarization axis directions, which are parallel to each other, and the liquid crystal alignment direction ri on adjacent substrates (same direction as arrow a).

It forms an angle of 45 degrees with r□ (same direction as arrow C).

The molecular orientation direction of the liquid crystalline polymer film 7 is parallel to the upper surface rubbing direction r1 of the upper substrate.

Example 2 A glass substrate having a transparent electrode mainly composed of indium oxide on one side had 1000% polyimide on the opposite side of the transparent electrode.
After forming it to a human thickness by coating, it was rubbed in one direction (r3 direction) with a nylon flocked cloth to perform a horizontal alignment treatment. This substrate was heated to 125° C., and a film of the same liquid crystalline polymer as in Example 1 was formed on the orientation-treated surface by blade coating. The direction of blade application was parallel to the rubbing direction (rz force direction). Then, it was cooled to room temperature (ΔND = 0
．． 75. ).

Next, a similar alignment film was formed on the transparent electrode side of the substrate, and a rubbing treatment was performed. The rubbing direction (r2) was set to be perpendicular to the rubbing direction (same as the ri direction) for the liquid crystalline polymer film.

Another substrate that has a transparent electrode and has been subjected to the same orientation treatment on the transparent electrode side and the substrate on which the liquid crystalline polymer film film is formed are placed through a 6.4 pitch spacer so that the electrode surface is They are bonded so that they face each other and the rubbing directions rt+r2 of the alignment films on the electrodes form an angle of 40 degrees, and a nematic liquid crystal ZLI2293 (E, Merck fM ) was sealed with a liquid crystal composition containing 0.68% of counterclockwise chiral nematic liquid crystal 5811. Liquid crystal molecules rotate counterclockwise by 22
The structure is twisted by 0 degrees (Δnd=0.85).

Polarizing plates were arranged above and below this cell so that their polarizing axes (P2.PL) were at 45 degrees with the rubbing direction (r31rl) on the lower side.

This liquid crystal display element turned almost black when no voltage was applied, and turned white with a slight yellowish tinge when voltage was applied. Its steepness was 1.06, and it had excellent time division drive characteristics. Although there was almost no contrast change due to viewing angle and some color change due to viewing angle, the display quality was sufficient for practical use.

FIG. 3 shows an explanatory diagram of the structure of the liquid crystal display element. In this figure, the same symbols as in FIG. 2 have the same meanings.

In this liquid crystal display element, rl and r2 make an angle of 40 degrees, P□ and rl make an angle of 45 degrees, and P2 and r3 (same as the molecular orientation of liquid crystal polymer) make an angle of 45 degrees. It forms an angle. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 6' between the substrates have a structure twisted counterclockwise by 220 degrees.

Example 3 In Example 2, a cell was produced using cholesteric liquid crystalline polyester having the structure shown in the following formula as the liquid crystalline polymer.

(x:y=98.7:1.3) The twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is 220 degrees clockwise, and Δand
is 0.85. It is. By using (+)-3-methyladipic acid as the adipic acid unit, the twist angle of the molecules of the liquid crystalline polymer film is made to be counterclockwise, which is opposite to that of the liquid crystal layer, and by making the copolymerization composition as described above, The pitch was set to 10.7 μl. The thickness of the liquid crystalline polymer film is 6.5 Aua, which results in a twist angle of 220
degree, ΔND=0.85 μm. Further, the liquid crystalline polymer film was formed at 260° C., where the liquid crystalline polymer takes a cholesteric phase. Above and below this cell, 1fj
Liquid crystal alignment direction (rl) and polarization axis direction (Po) that are in contact with each other
Or the orientation direction (a) of the liquid crystalline polymer and the direction of the polarization axis (
Polarizing plates were respectively provided so that P2) formed an angle of 45 degrees. This element was completely black when no voltage was applied, and turned white when voltage was applied.

The steepness was as steep as 1.06, and time-division driving of 1/200 duty was possible. In addition, there was little contrast and color change depending on the viewing angle, and no phenomenon in which letters appeared separated was observed, resulting in excellent display quality.

FIG. 4 shows an explanatory diagram of the structure of the liquid crystal display element. In this figure, the same symbols as in FIG. 2 have the same meanings.

In this liquid crystal display element, rl and r2 form an angle of 40 degrees, r2 and r3 are orthogonal to each other, P and rl form an angle of 45 degrees, and P2 and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal polymer (a) and make a 45 degree angle. The liquid crystal molecules between the substrates have a structure twisted clockwise by 220 degrees, and the liquid crystal polymer has a structure twisted counterclockwise by 220 degrees.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of an example of the structure of a liquid crystal element according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the liquid crystal element of Example 1. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal element of Example 2. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal element of Example 3. 11.21...Substrate, 14.24...Polarizing plate, 6.
...Liquid crystal layer, 6'...Liquid crystal molecules, 7...Liquid crystal polymer layer (or film).

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) It is characterized by being composed of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between substrates, a polarizing means arranged outside the liquid crystal layer, and a liquid crystal polymer layer arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing means. liquid crystal element.