JPH01282028A - Differential gear - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To combine both the function of a differential gear with differential restriction and that of a driving force connecting/disconnecting device for fourwheel driving by providing a differential restriction mechanism for restricting the relative rotation of the right and left respective driving shafts, and driving members and the like which integrally rotate with the differential case so as to be capable of being connected or disconnected with a driven ring. CONSTITUTION:When a driving member 12 is shifted to the left, the teeth 15 of the driving member 12 engage with the teeth 14 of a drive ring 4, and a differential case 3 is connected to the drive ring 4 via the driving member 12. Then, the torque of an internal combustion engine is transmitted to the right and left respective driving shafts 10, 11 via a drive pinion gear 1, a ring gear 2, the above respective members 3, 12, 4, and respective transmitting means 5, 6, 7a, and 8, to cause the four-wheel driving condition. And, when a wheel on one side slips, since the pinion gear a rotates, the right and left respective driving shafts 10, 11 perform relative rotation. As a result, respective rotating members 8, 9 perform relative rotation, and since respective resistance plates 17, 18 shear silicon oil, the relative rotation of the right and left respective driving ahafts 10, 11 can be restricted.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a differential device used in a vehicle, etc., and for example, a four-wheel drive vehicle capable of switching between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive. The present invention relates to a differential device that is incorporated into a driving force transmission system of a four-wheel drive vehicle, has the function of a limited differential differential device, and is capable of transmitting/disconnecting the driving force of a four-wheel drive vehicle.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, when a vehicle changes its direction of travel or makes a turn, a difference in rotational speed occurs between the left and right wheels. Therefore, in order to ensure smooth running, vehicles are equipped with a differential device to absorb the difference in rotational speed.

By the way, if one of the left and right wheels, for example the left wheel, slips on a muddy or other road surface with a low coefficient of friction while the vehicle is running, due to the structure of the differential, the torque from the internal combustion engine will slip on both the left and right wheels. Only the same amount of torque as the left wheel is transmitted, making it impossible to quickly escape from the mud. Therefore, by limiting the differential of the differential device,
A differential limiting device is used to escape from the mud (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-82048M).

On the other hand, part-time four-wheel drive vehicles are equipped with a transfer system that allows switching between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive. When two-wheel drive is performed by the transfer, the non-drive side driven power transmission system (referring to the power transmission system from the transfer to the driven wheels) is rotated by the driven wheels, which rotate as the vehicle travels. When the driven tilting transmission system is rotated in this manner, the running resistance of the vehicle increases, and vibrations, noise, etc. are also affected. therefore,
A driving force intermittent device for a four-wheel drive vehicle that disconnects a part of the driven side power transmission system during two-wheel drive, leaving the driven side in a free state and reducing the above-mentioned running resistance, vibration, noise, etc. as much as possible. Yes (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 130646/1983).

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, with such conventional differential limiting devices, although it is possible to absorb the rotational speed difference that occurs between the left and right wheels and achieve smooth running and quick escape from muddy areas, However, it has not been possible to reduce as much as possible the running resistance, vibration, noise, etc. caused by the rotation of the driven-side power transmission system during two-wheel drive.

On the other hand, in conventional four-wheel drive vehicle drive power disconnection devices,
Although it is possible to reduce running resistance, vibration, noise, etc. due to the rotation of the driven power transmission system during two-wheel drive, it is not possible to quickly escape from the mud.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve such problems, the present invention includes a drive ring capable of transmitting rotational driving force, and a pinion shaft connected to the drive ring. (A pair of left and right side gears that mesh with the pulled pinion gear, a left wheel drive shaft that is connected to rotate together with the left side gear, and a left side wheel drive shaft that is connected to rotate together with the right side gear.) a differential limiting mechanism that limits the relative rotation between the right wheel drive shaft and the left wheel drive shaft; A configuration comprising a differential case, a drive member that is provided to rotate integrally with the differential case and can be moved into and out of contact with the drive ring, and a pair of engaging portions installed on each of the drive member and the drive ring. That is.

(Function) For example, when this differential device is interposed between the propeller shaft and the rear wheel drive shaft, when driving in front wheel drive two-wheel drive, the drive member slides and the connection between the differential case and the drive ring is established. If this is shut off, the drive system from the differential case to the transfer will not be driven from the opposite direction of the torque flow. In addition, when driving in four-wheel drive, if the drive member is slid and the differential case and drive ring are connected, if one of the left and right rear wheels slips, torque is transmitted via the differential limiting mechanism. The wheels push the vehicle out and the vehicle runs stably. Therefore, this differential device has both the functions of a conventional limited differential differential device and a driving force disconnection device.

(Example) The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings.

1 and 2 are diagrams showing an embodiment of a differential device according to the present invention. A differential device for a four-wheel drive vehicle is an example in which the differential device is interposed between the propeller shaft and the rear wheel drive shaft of an F-based four-wheel drive vehicle instead of a final gear.

First, the configuration will be explained.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a drive pinion gear through which torque from the internal combustion engine is transmitted via a propeller shaft. This drive pinion gear 1 meshes with a ring gear 2, and this ring gear 2 is attached to a substantially cylindrical differential case 3 ( There is a gap between this differential case 3 and the road inside the differential case 3.
A substantially cylindrical drive ring 4 is disposed in a fitting manner, and this drive ring 4 rotatably supports the differential case 3. The pinion gear 11 foot 5 is fitted into the fitting groove 4b formed in the drive ring 4 and attached to the drive ring 4, and the pinion gear 6 is rotatably supported on the pinion shaft 5. There is.

The pinion gear 6 meshes with a pair of left and right side gears 7a and 7b housed within the drive ring 3.

Inside the differential case 3 and on the side of the left side gear 7a,
A first rotating member 8 that rotates integrally with this left side gear 7a, and a second rotating member 9 that can rotate relative to this first rotating member 8.
is installed. The first rotating member 8 includes an outer cylinder 8a fixed to the side wall of the left side gear 7, a side wall part 8b fixed to the outer cylinder 8a, and a sleeve 8C integrally formed with the side wall part 8b. . The second rotary part 9 includes an inner cylinder 9a disposed inside the outer cylinder 8a, and a hub part 9b which is integrally formed with the inner cylinder 9a and comes into sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the left side gear 7.

A sealed working chamber 16 is defined by the first rotating member 8 and the second rotating member 9, and silicone oil as a viscous fluid is sealed inside the working chamber 16.

Further, in the working chamber 16, a first resistance plate 17 and a second resistance plate 18 are provided.
The first resistance plate 17 and the second resistance plate 18 are respectively arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the outer cylinder 8a and the inner peripheral wall of the inner cylinder 9a.
splines are connected alternately to the outer peripheral wall of the For this reason,
When the first rotating member 8 and the second rotating member 9 rotate relative to each other,
The first resistance plate 17 and the second resistance plate 18 rotate relative to each other to shear the silicone oil. Note that the first and second rotating members 8 and 9
, working chamber 16, silicone oil and first and second resistance plates 1
7.18 constitutes the differential limiting mechanism 19 as a whole.

Here, the sleeve portion 8C of the first rotating member 8 is spline connected to the left wheel drive shaft 10 of the rear wheel drive shaft, and the hub portion 9b of the second rotating member 9 is spline connected to the right wheel drive shaft 11. , this right side transport drive shaft 11 is spline connected to the right side gear 7b.

On the other hand, a drive member 12 is disposed on the right end side of the drive ring 4 in FIG. Further, a tongue piece portion 12a is integrally formed on this drive member 12, and this tongue piece portion 12a is connected to the first portion of the differential case 3.
It is fitted into a fitting hole 13 formed on the right end side in the figure.

The tongue portion 12a of the drive member 12 faces the right end side of the drive ring 4, and teeth 15, 14 ( These teeth 14.1
5 is capable of meshing (engaging).

A fitting groove 12b is formed on the outer circumferential side of the driving member 12, and a fork (not shown) is fitted into this fitting groove, and when this fork is slid by a moving machine (not shown), the driving member 12 is driven. The teeth 15 of the member 12 and the teeth 14 of the drive ring 4 mesh (engage).

Next, the effect will be explained.

In a front-wheel drive four-wheel drive vehicle, when the transfer is operated to drive in front wheel drive (two-wheel drive), the movement mechanism moves the front wheel A and drives the drive member 12 into the first position.
Slide it to the right in the figure. Therefore, the drive member 12 is in a state separated from the drive ring 4, and the drive member 12 is separated from the drive ring 4.
The teeth 15 of the drive ring 4 do not mesh with the teeth 14 of the drive ring 4, and the engaged state is interrupted. Therefore, the left and right rear wheels rotating together are connected to the left and right wheel drive shafts 10 and 11,
Only the rotating members 8, 9, Zide gears 7a, 7b, pinion gear 6, and drive ring 4 are rotated, and the differential case 3, ring gear 2, and drive pinion gear 1 are not rotated. As a result, the drive system including the differential case 3, ring gear 2, and drive pinion gears 1 to 1 to the lance front will not be driven from the opposite direction of the torque flow, reducing the rotational resistance of this drive system, and This does not create resistance to agitation of the lubricating oil that has flowed into the carrier, and further improves fuel efficiency and reduces wear.

In addition, noise generated from the drive system can be reduced.

Next, when operating the transfer to drive in four-wheel drive, the moving i mechanism moves the road A and causes the drive member 12 to slide to the left in FIG. Drive member 12
When the rotations of the drive ring 4 and the drive ring 4 are synchronously rotated, the i15 of the drive member 12 and the tooth 1/l of the drive ring 4 mesh with each other and become engaged, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the differential case 3 is connected to the drive ring 4 via the drive member 12.

In this way, when the differential case 3 is connected to the drive ring 4, the torque of the internal combustion engine is transmitted from the drive system such as a transfer to the drive pinion gear 1. Ring 4, pinion shaft 5, pinion gear 6, left and right side gears 7a.

7b through the first rotating member 8 to the left wheel drive shaft 10 and then to the right wheel drive shaft #12, and the vehicle travels in four-wheel drive (the flow of torque is shown by the thick line in FIG. 2).
.

Next, when one of the left and right rear wheels, for example, the left rear wheel, slips from the road surface, the pinion gear 6 rotates, so the left wheel drive shaft 10 and the right wheel drive shaft 11 rotate relative to each other. When the left wheel drive shaft 10 and the right wheel drive shaft 11 rotate relative to each other, the first rotating member 8 and the second rotating member 9 connected thereto also rotate relatively, and the first resistance plate 17 and the second resistance plate 18 rotate. Shears silicone oil. First resistance plate 1
7 and the second resistance plate 18 receive the shearing resistance of the silicone oil when shearing the silicone oil, and the first rotating member 8 and the second rotating member 9 receive the shearing resistance of the silicone oil. Relative rotation with the shaft 11 is restricted.For this reason, the torque transmitted to the first rotating member 8 is transmitted to the right wheel drive shaft 11 via the second rotating member 9, as shown by the broken line in FIG. The signal is then transmitted to the right rear wheel, which is not slipping.The drive of the right rear wheel quickly causes the left rear wheel to escape from the slip state, and the vehicle runs stably.

Furthermore, when the vehicle changes direction or turns, a rotational speed difference occurs between the left and right rear wheels, and this rotational speed difference is caused by the relative rotation between the left wheel drive shaft 10 and the right wheel drive shaft 11. absorbs water to ensure smooth running.

In this way, when driving in two-wheel drive, by sliding the drive member 12 to disconnect the differential case 3 and drive ring 4, the drive system from the differential case 3, ring gear 2, drive pinion gear 1 to transfer = 11- is never driven from the opposite direction of the torque flow. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the rotational resistance of the drive system, prevent stirring resistance of the lubricating oil flowing into the differential carrier, and further improve fuel efficiency and reduce wear. In addition, noise generated from the drive system can be reduced. In addition, during four-wheel drive driving, if the drive member 12 is slid to connect the differential case 3 and the drive ring 4, when one of the left and right rear wheels slips, torque is transmitted via the differential limiting mechanism. The vehicle runs stably by quickly freeing the other wheel that is slipping depending on which wheel is being used. Further, when the vehicle changes direction or turns, the left wheel drive shaft 10 and the right wheel drive shaft 11 rotate relative to each other, thereby ensuring smooth running.

Therefore, by providing a differential device according to the present invention in a four-wheel drive vehicle, it is possible to have both the functions of a conventional differential device with limited differential and a driving force disconnection device for a four-wheel drive vehicle. . In other words, it is possible to quickly escape from muddy areas, to ensure smooth running when the vehicle changes direction or turns, and when driving with two wheels, it is possible to run by rotating the driven tilting horn transmission system. It is possible to reduce resistance, vibration, noise, etc. as much as possible.

By the way, due to the relative rotation between the first rotating member 8 and the second rotating member 9, the enclosed silicone oil suddenly expands, causing damage to the first and second rotating parts 8 and 9, and the silicone oil flowing out. Also, since the differential case 3 is disposed outside the first rotating member 8, the leaked silicone oil will not leak out of the vehicle.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to have the functions of a conventional differential limiting differential device and a driving force disconnection device for a four-wheel drive vehicle. In other words, it is possible to quickly escape from muddy areas, to ensure smooth running when the vehicle changes direction or turns, and to reduce running resistance and vibration caused by the rotation of the driven side power transmission system when driving two wheels.・Noise etc. can be reduced as much as possible.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are views showing one embodiment of a differential device according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the differential case and drive ring of this differential device are not connected. , FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a state in which the casing and drive ring of this differential device are connected. 3...Differential case 4...Drive ring 5...Nion shaft 6...Pinion gear 7
a, 7b...Left/right side gear 10...Left wheel drive shaft 11...Right wheel drive shaft 1
2... Drive member 14.15... Engagement part 19...
・Differential limiting mechanism agent Patent attorney Yasu Miyoshi 3...Differential case 4...Drive ring 5...Nion shaft 6...Pinion gear 7
a, 7b...Left/right side gear 10...Left wheel drive shaft 11...Right wheel drive shaft 1
2... Drive member 14.15... Engagement part 19...
Differential 1i11 limit mechanism] Kidney 1' Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] A drive ring capable of transmitting rotational driving force, a pair of left and right side gears that mesh with a pinion gear rotatably attached to this drive ring via a pinion shaft, and a pair of left and right side gears that are connected to rotate together with this left side gear. a left wheel drive shaft connected to the right side gear so as to rotate integrally with the right side gear, a differential limiting mechanism that limits relative rotation between the right wheel drive shaft and the left wheel drive shaft, and the drive ring. a differential case that is arranged to be rotatable relative to the differential case and to which rotational driving force is transmitted; a drive member that is arranged to rotate integrally with the differential case and can be moved into and out of contact with the drive ring; A differential device comprising: a pair of engaging portions provided therein.