JPH0127489Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to a forklift that performs cargo handling work using forks provided at the front of a vehicle body.

Various types of forklifts have been proposed, such as four-wheeled and three-wheeled types, but unlike general vehicles, they need to be able to move around in tight circles for efficiency even in narrow work spaces, and at the same time, they have to be able to lift heavy objects. Extreme stability is required to drive the vehicle.

However, conventional four-wheeled forklifts have the following problems.

Although it uses a front wheel drive system, both front wheels are rotated by a single rotary drive means, so
Both front wheels rotate forward or backward in the same direction, making a large turn when turning.

A rear wheel steering system is adopted, and the rear wheels are turned using a link mechanism, but the turning angle is small and it is not possible to perform a reciprocating rotation of, for example, 180 degrees.
The turning center is not located between the wheels, making it impossible to maneuver around the vehicle.

Since the two rear wheels are turned together, the link mechanism is complicated and has a large number of parts.

Since both rear wheels are connected by a link or the like to perform a turning operation together, it is impossible to avoid the link or the like from intersecting with the chassis frame, etc., and the center of gravity of the vehicle body is located at the upper part, resulting in poor running stability.

On the other hand, three-wheeled forklifts have a smaller turning radius than four-wheeled forklifts, so they have good maneuverability, but because they are supported at three points, they have poor lateral stability and can cause rollovers. There was a big problem that it was easy to do and lacked safety.

In addition, conventional forklifts come in manned and unmanned versions, but all of them are dedicated for manned and unmanned use, and cannot be used for either manned or unmanned use without changing the structure. Therefore, it has the disadvantage of lack of versatility.

Furthermore, there is a desire to use forklifts not only on land but also onboard ships during navigation. In this case, there is a risk that the forklift may slip or fall because the ship rocks due to rolling or pitching. Conventionally, no means for preventing slips or the like has been provided.

In view of these points, this invention employs a four-wheel system, and is configured with a front-wheel drive system in which the two front wheels are separately driven by two rotary drive means, and one of the rear wheels is free to rotate and turn. The vehicle is supported, and one side can be reciprocated by approximately half a turn for turning and steering, and by providing a steering handle and a guide mechanism, it has good stability and a small turning radius, and can be operated both manned and unmanned. The object of the present invention is to provide a forklift that can reliably prevent falls and the like.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of this invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, reference numeral 1 is a forklift, which is configured to be capable of both manned travel on land and unmanned travel on ships.

A fork 3 is provided in front of the vehicle body 2 of the forklift 1 so as to be able to rise and fall freely, and is adapted to lift various loads such as heavy objects and perform cargo handling work.

This vehicle body 2 has four wheels 4a, 4 on both front and rear sides.
b, 4c, and 4d are provided to constitute a four-wheeled forklift, and a steering handle 5 for manned steering is provided on the upper part of the vehicle body 2. Note that a weight is mounted on the rear of the vehicle body 2 to maintain balance with the loaded cargo.

Two electric motors 6 are installed at the lower front of the vehicle body 2.
a, 6b (rotation drive means) are installed,
Each electric motor 6a, 6b is connected to two front wheels 4a, 4b separately via a drive shaft or the like, thereby providing a front wheel drive system. These electric motors 6a, 6b separately drive both front wheels 4a, 4b, and for example, when turning right, the left front wheel 4a is rotated forward and the right front wheel 4b is rotated backward.

On the other hand, of the two rear wheels 4c and 4d, the right rear wheel 4c can freely rotate and turn around the vehicle body frame 2.
a, and is configured to freely rotate back and forth and turn left and right 360 degrees in a plane direction.

Further, the left rear wheel 4d is supported by the vehicle body frame 2a via a link mechanism 7 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and this link mechanism 7 connects a hydraulic system 8 and a hydraulic cylinder 9 as shown in FIG. It is linked to the steering wheel 5 via the steering wheel. The left rear wheel 4d is a steering wheel, and is pivotally supported by a wheel bracket 10 so as to freely rotate forward and backward, and this wheel bracket 10 is supported by the vehicle body frame 2a by a vertical pivot shaft 11.

The link mechanism 7 is composed of one lever 7a and two first links 7b and second links 7c, and is adapted to rotate the pivot shaft 11 back and forth by 180 degrees. One end of this lever 7a is fixed to the pivot 11, and the other end is attached to one end of the first link 7b with a pin 7d.
connected by. The first link 7b is curved into a slightly crescent shape, and one end of the second link 7c is connected to the other end by a pin 7e.
The second link 7c is curved into a substantially doglegged shape, and the other end is connected to the vehicle body frame 2a by a pin 7f, and the piston rod 9a of the hydraulic cylinder 9 is connected to the curved portion by a pin 7g. There is. The frame connecting pin 7f of the second link 7c is located near the pivot 11, and the frame connecting pin 7f and the first link connecting pin 7e are always separated by a line A connecting the pivot 11 and the cylinder connecting pin 7g. It is located so that

The hydraulic cylinder 9 is a single rod type, and is installed horizontally in the left-right direction of the vehicle body 2, and the end of the cylinder 9b is connected to the vehicle body frame 2a with a pin.

As shown in FIG. 6, the hydraulic system 8 expands and contracts a hydraulic cylinder 9 by rotating the steering handle 5, and an oil tank 8a.
The hydraulic pump 8b, the valve unit 8c, and the rotor mechanism 8d provided at the bottom of the steering handle 5 are connected to both ports of the hydraulic cylinder 9, while the valve unit 8c and the rotor mechanism 8d are connected to the oil tank 8a. Pressure oil from the hydraulic pump 8b is supplied to the head chamber or rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 9 by rotation of the steering handle 5.

Furthermore, two guide mechanisms 12 are provided at the front and rear of the lower part of the vehicle body 2. This guide mechanism 1
2 engages with a guide rail 13 installed inside a ship or the like to guide the forklift 1 and prevent it from overturning.

The guide mechanism 12 is composed of a guide roller section 14, an elevation drive section 15, and a rotation drive section 16. The elevation drive section 15 is a hydraulic cylinder, and a cylindrical cylinder rod 18 is attached to a cylinder tube 17 in the axial direction (vertical direction). ), and a shaft 19 is fitted into the cylinder rod 18 so as to be rotatable in the circumferential direction. The cylinder tube 17 is fixed to the vehicle body frame 2a in the vertical direction. Two oil chambers 20 and 21 are formed between the cylinder rod 18 and the cylinder tube 17, and pressure oil is supplied to each chamber 20 and 21 from a hydraulic drive source to move the cylinder rod 18 up and down. There is. The shaft body 19 is fixed to the cylinder rod 18 so as to move vertically together with the cylinder rod 18, and a guide roller portion 14 is attached to the lower end thereof.

The guide roller section 14 includes a pair of rollers 23, 23 supported by a housing 22, and the housing 22 is fixed to the lower end of the shaft body 19. A pair of rollers 23 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the left-right direction, and the shaft body 1
It is supported by the housing 22 so as to be rotatable in the circumferential direction parallel to the housing 9 . A flange portion 23a is formed at the lower end of the roller 23, and the I-type guide rail 1
It is adapted to engage with the flange 13a of No.3.

The swing drive means 16 has a swing motor 24 attached to the upper end of the cylinder tube 17 via a case 25, and a drive shaft 24a of the swing motor 24.
is connected to the shaft body 19. This drive shaft 24a is configured to reciprocate by 90 degrees,
It engages with a coupling tube 27 via a coupling ring 26, and this coupling tube 27 rotates along with the drive shaft 24a. On the other hand, the shaft body 19 is attached to the coupling tube 27.
The rotation of the drive shaft 24a is transmitted to the shaft body 19, and the coupling ring 28 of the shaft body 19 is engaged with the coupling ring 27 so as to be vertically movable. The cylinder rod 18 is movable up and down. Incidentally, reference numerals 29 and 30 are stoppers fixed to the case 25 and the coupling tube 27, and restrict the rotation of the drive shaft 24a in both forward and reverse directions to 90 degrees each.

Next, the traveling operation of this forklift 1 will be explained.

First, the case of manned driving in which the vehicle is steered using the steering handle 5 will be described.

When the forklift 1 travels in a straight line, the two electric motors 6a and 6b are rotated forward at the same speed to rotate both front axles 4a and 4b forward, while the steering handle 5 is operated to rotate the piston rod 9a of the hydraulic cylinder 9. Make it stick out by about half. This protrusion of the piston rod 9a causes the link mechanism 7 to move to the third position.
The left rear axle 4d is held in the state shown in the figure, and the left rear axle 4d is
is held vertically. Therefore, the front wheels 4a, 4
As the forklift 1 rotates, the forklift 1 moves forward.

When turning the forklift 1 from this state, by rotating the steering handle 5,
The hydraulic cylinder 9 will expand and contract. and,
The second link 7c rotates around the pin 7f, the pivot 11 rotates, and the left rear axle 4d turns. That is, when the hydraulic cylinder 9 is contracted from the state shown in FIG. 3, the second link 7c rotates counterclockwise (see the solid line in FIG. 5), the left rear wheel 4d turns left, and the hydraulic cylinder When the second link 7c is extended, the second link 7c rotates clockwise (see the chain line in FIG. 5), and the left rear wheel 4d turns rightward. On this occasion,
Since the right rear wheel 4c can turn freely, it turns following the left rear wheel 4d.

In particular, since the link mechanism 7 rotates the pivot 11 by 180 degrees, the forklift 1 turns with a small turning radius. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, from the solid line state where the pivot 11 is located within the curve of the second link 7c to the chain line state where the pivot shaft 11 is out of the curve.
The vehicle is rotated 180 degrees to a position where the left rear wheel 4d faces in the left-right direction of the vehicle body 2.

Furthermore, when the forklift 1 is made to make a small turn, the hydraulic cylinder 9 is extended or contracted to the limit to position the left rear wheel 4d in the left-right direction of the vehicle body 2, while one of the two electric motors 6a and 6b is rotated in the normal direction. ,
The other wheel is reversed, and one of the front wheels 4a, 4b is rotated backward. As a result, the forklift 1 turns with an extremely small turning radius.

This steering handle 5 gives the driver a steering sensation in an electrically steered forklift, and enables safe operation.

Next, when the forklift 1 is run unmanned along the guide rail 13, the forklift 1 is installed so that the guide rail 13 is located below the guide mechanism 12, and then the lift drive unit 15 is operated. That is, the cylinder rod 18 is lowered to bring the shaft 19 into contact with the guide rail 13. In this state, the pair of guide rollers 23 are located on the sides of the guide rail 13, as shown in FIG.

Subsequently, the swing motor 24 of the swing drive section 16 is driven to rotate the shaft body 19, and the guide roller 23 is brought into contact with the guide rail 13 to sandwich the guide rail 13. In this state, the flange 23a of the guide roller 23 and the flange 13a of the guide rail 13 are engaged as shown in FIG. 9, so the vertical movement of the forklift 1 is restricted and rollover etc. are prevented. .

Further, the forklift 1 moves along the guide rail 13 due to the rotation of the front wheels 4a and 4b.

Although this embodiment has been described with respect to the forklift 1 provided with the guide mechanism 12, the guide mechanism 12 does not necessarily need to be provided in this invention.

Further, the rotational drive source is not limited to the electric motors 6a and 6b, and various types of motors may be used.

Further, it goes without saying that the rear wheel to be steered may be the right rear wheel 4c.

As described above, according to this invention, four wheels and a steering handle are provided on the vehicle body, a hydraulic cylinder is linked to the steering handle via a hydraulic system, and a rotary drive means is linked to each of the two front wheels. On the other hand, one of the two rear wheels is configured to be freely turned, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other side through a link mechanism that reciprocates the rear wheel by approximately half a rotation, and a shaft body and a shaft body are connected to the vehicle body. A guide mechanism consisting of a turning drive means, a lifting drive means, and a pair of guide rollers is provided, and the vehicle body is guided by either the steering handle or the guide mechanism, so the turning radius can be reduced and stability can be improved. can be done.

In other words, the rear wheel being steered can be turned 180 degrees, and at the same time one of the front wheels can be rotated forward and the other backward, so the vehicle body can be turned with a small turning radius, making cargo handling work more efficient. I can do it.

Furthermore, since only one rear wheel is steered, there is no interference between the link mechanism and the chassis frame, so the vehicle weight and force can be set low, and the stability of the four-wheeled vehicle can be further improved.

Furthermore, since the steering handle and the vicinity of the rear wheels can be connected through the piping of the hydraulic system, the structure is simplified, the center of gravity can be set extremely freely, and stability can be further improved.

Furthermore, it is possible to perform manned driving using the steering wheel and unmanned driving using the guide mechanism, significantly improving versatility.

Furthermore, since the pair of guide rollers engage with the guide rails to guide the vehicle body, slips and falls can be reliably prevented even when used on a ship or the like. Furthermore, since the guide mechanism serves as a means for preventing slips and the like and a means for guiding unmanned running, the structure is simplified.

Furthermore, even if the guide mechanism is provided at the center of the lower part of the vehicle body, only one of the rear wheels is steered, so there is no interference from the link mechanism or the like, and the structure can be simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of this invention, with Fig. 1 being a perspective view of a forklift, Fig. 2 being a partially omitted plan view showing the arrangement of the wheels and electric motor, and Fig. 3 showing the link mechanism and A plan view of the hydraulic cylinder, FIG. 4 is a side view of the same, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the same when turning, FIG. 6 is a piping connection diagram of the hydraulic system, and FIG. 7 is a central vertical sectional view of the guide mechanism. Figure 8 is a plan view of the guide roller and guide rail when released, Figure 9
The figure is a plan view showing the state of engagement. 1: forklift, 2: vehicle body, 3: fork, 4a, 4b: front wheels, 4c, 4d: rear wheels,
5: Steering handle, 6a, 6b: Electric motor, 7: Link mechanism, 7a: Lever, 7b: First link, 7c: Second link, 7d, 7e, 7
f, 7g: Pin, 8: Hydraulic system, 9: Hydraulic cylinder, 10: Wheel bracket, 11: Pivot, 1
2: Guide mechanism, 13: Guide rail, 14: Guide roller section, 15: Lifting drive section, 16: Swing drive section, 23: Roller.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A fork is provided at the front of the vehicle body, four wheels are provided on both the front and rear sides, and a steering handle is provided.A hydraulic cylinder is connected to this steering handle via a hydraulic system, while four wheels are provided on each of the two front wheels. Separately driven rotary drive means are connected, and the two rear wheels are configured to rotate freely, one of the rear wheels is pivoted to the vehicle body so as to be freely turned, and this is attached to a pivot that supports one of the rear wheels on the vehicle body. A link mechanism for reciprocating the pivot by approximately half a turn is connected to the link mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the link mechanism, one rear wheel is steered by turning the handle, and a guide mechanism guides the vehicle body to the vehicle body. is provided, and this guide mechanism includes a vertical shaft body, a turning drive means for rotating the shaft body around the shaft center, an elevating drive means for moving the shaft body up and down in the axial direction, and a vertical shaft body. A pair of guide rollers are disposed at the lower part of the roller at a predetermined distance in the left and right directions, are supported rotatably about an axis in the vertical direction, and are capable of engaging and disengaging from a guide rail on the floorboard,
A forklift, characterized in that the vehicle body is guided by either the handle or the guide mechanism.