JPH01262551A - Photosensitive body - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain good photosensitivity and sufficient potential acceptance and to enable occurrence of image defects, such as lack of image density, to be restrained by incorporating in a carrier generating layer a polymer having fluidity at normal temperature at the time of coating by means of coating. CONSTITUTION:The carrier generating layer 3 is formed on a carrier transfer layer 2 by spray coating and the polymer compd. 9 being fluid at normal temperature at the time of coating is incorporated at least into the layer 3 by coating, accordingly, foam-like defects 8 in the layer 3 are filled with the polymer 9, and intrusion of ions into the foam-like defects is avoided, thus permitting an electric field E to be effectively applied to the whole surface of the layer 3 and acceptance potential to be sufficiently high, accordingly, photosensitivity to be improved, the foam-like defects to be filled, and consequently, the lack of image density to be effectively prevented in the positive development.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a photoreceptor, for example, an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

In conventional electrophotographic copying machines using the Carlson method, the surface of the photoreceptor is uniformly charged, and then the charge is erased in an imagewise manner by exposure to form an electrostatic latent image. It is developed with toner, and then the toner image is transferred to and fixed on a paper or the like.

On the other hand, the photoreceptor is subjected to removal of adhered toner, neutralization of static electricity, and surface cleaning, and is used repeatedly over a long period of time.

Therefore, as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, it not only has good charging characteristics and sensitivity, but also has electrophotographic characteristics such as low dark decay.
In addition, it is required to have good physical properties such as rigidity resistance, abrasion resistance, and moisture resistance during repeated use, as well as resistance to ozone generated during corona discharge, ultraviolet rays during exposure, etc. (environmental resistance). be done.

Conventionally, as electrophotographic photoreceptors, inorganic photoreceptors whose photosensitive layer is mainly composed of inorganic photoconductive substances such as selenium, zinc oxide, and cadmium sulfide have been widely used.

In recent years, for the photosensitive layer of electrophotographic photoreceptors, carrier generation and carrier transport functions are shared by different materials, and materials that exhibit each function are selected from a wide range according to the desired characteristics, resulting in high sensitivity and durability. There is a trend toward practical use of organic photoreceptors with high performance.

Such a functionally divided organic photoreceptor has conventionally been used for negative charging, and as described in JP-A No. 60-247647, a thin carrier generation layer is provided on the support.
A relatively thick carrier transport layer is provided on top of this.

The reason for this is that in the case of using negative charging, the mobility of holes among carriers is high, so it is possible to use materials with hole transport properties, which is advantageous in terms of photosensitivity, etc., whereas materials with electron transport properties can be used. There are almost no materials with excellent properties,
Alternatively, it cannot be used because it has carcinogenic and teratogenic properties.

However, it has been found that using such negative charging causes the following problems.

(1) During negative corona discharge or negative charging by a charger, a large amount of ozone is generated in the atmosphere, resulting in deterioration of environmental conditions. This causes adsorption of ionic substances to the photoreceptor surface and deterioration of the material on the photoreceptor surface, which causes a drop in potential and sensitivity during repeated use, causing a decline in image quality and damage to the photoreceptor itself. It also affects lifespan.

Furthermore, discharge unevenness and image unevenness may occur due to the fact that the discharge wire of the corona discharger is easily contaminated.

(2) A positive polarity toner is required for development of a negatively charged photoreceptor, but there are many regulations regarding the production of positive polarity toners in view of the triboelectrification series with respect to ferromagnetic carrier particles.

(3) Since the photoactive carrier-generating layer is provided as an extremely thin layer on the support, it is severely affected by the surface condition or chemical action of the support or an optionally provided intermediate layer per unit volume of the layer. Easily stable.

Therefore, positively charging photoreceptors using organic photoconductive substances are being considered as an attractive technical field.

Such a positively charging photoreceptor has the advantage that it generates very little ozone during charging than the negative charging photoreceptor, and it is easy to form a negatively charging toner for development.

Regarding the configuration of this positive charging photoreceptor, for example, a photoreceptor in which a carrier transport layer is laminated on a carrier generation layer and the carrier transport layer is formed of a material having a large electron transport ability can be used for positive charging. However, as mentioned above, there are almost no electron-transporting materials that have excellent properties, or they cannot be used due to environmental considerations, so photoreceptors with the above structure are not practical. It is thought to include trinitrofluorenone in order to provide electron transport ability, but this substance is unsuitable because it has carcinogenic properties. Therefore, currently used are positively charging photoreceptors in which a carrier generation layer is laminated on a carrier transport layer having a large hole transport ability.

FIG. 18(a) is a sectional view showing an example of such a positive charging photoreceptor.

A carrier transport layer 2 is provided on the conductive substrate 1, a carrier generation layer 3 is provided on the carrier transport layer 2, and a photosensitive layer 6 is formed.

When forming the layers of such a photoreceptor, each layer must be formed thin and uniformly. As such a coating method, for example, spray coating, dip coating, blade coating, roll coating, etc. are being considered.

Here, conventionally, a dip coating method has been used as a coating method for the carrier generation layer. but,
When the carrier generation layer is dip coated, the lower carrier transport layer dissolves and swells, making the interface uneven and causing image defects.

On the other hand, the carrier generation layer is also formed by spray coating. However, with this method, it is not always possible to obtain a high-quality coating film, and bubble-like defects occur, resulting in a porous coating film, which causes white spots (
spots) appear.

In addition, Fig. 18(a) and Fig. 18, which is a partially enlarged view thereof,
As shown in Figure (b), positive charges (ions) invade the bubble-like defects 8, and therefore
The electric field E is not applied up to a, and the upper mold field E appears not to apply to the entire carrier generation layer 3. That is, as shown by the dashed line in the graph of FIG. 8, the electric field strength in the carrier generation layer 3 [microscopically, E =
2 is the distance in the depth direction)] decreases rapidly as it approaches the surface 3a.

As a result, the quantum efficiency in the carrier generation layer 3 decreases, and the number of free electron-hole pairs generated by light irradiation decreases. Furthermore, the traveling distance of the free electron-hole pair also depends on the electric field strength, and as the electric field strength decreases, the distance also decreases, and therefore the traveling distance within the carrier generation layer 3 also decreases. As a result, both the number of free electron-hole pairs generated and the travel distance are reduced, resulting in a significant reduction in photosensitivity. In addition to the dependence of charge generation efficiency on the electric field, the penetration area (absorption depth) of light is limited, so that charge generation does not occur at depths that light does not reach.

Furthermore, as shown by the dashed line in the graph of FIG. 9, as a result of the decrease in the electric field strength within the carrier generation layer 3,
The band position will also be insufficient. Furthermore, the existence of charges that have penetrated into the bulk also acts as a trap site.

Therefore, there is a desire for a positive charging photoreceptor that solves these problems.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a battery suitable for use with positive charging,
The electric field can be effectively applied to the entire carrier generation layer,
Good photosensitivity, sufficient charging potential, and no white spots (
It is an object of the present invention to provide a photoreceptor that can suppress the occurrence of image defects such as spots).

21 Structure of the Invention and Its Effects The present invention relates to a photoreceptor characterized in that the carrier is contained in the carrier generation layer by spray coating on the carrier transport layer or by coating in the carrier generation layer.

FIG. 1(a) is a partial sectional view showing an example of a photoreceptor;
b) is a partially enlarged view of the same figure (a).

According to the present invention, even when the carrier generation layer 3 is coated and formed on the carrier transport layer 2 by a spray coating method, the bubble-like defects 8 in the carrier generation layer are caused by "a compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature at the time of coating" 9. Filled.

That is, it is characteristic that a "compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature upon coating" is incorporated into the carrier generation layer "by coating."

Specifically, there is a method of adding a "polymer compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature during coating" to the coating solution for the carrier generation layer, and then spraying the coating solution for the carrier generation layer onto the carrier transport layer. be.

This spray coating allows the carrier generation layer to contain a "polymer compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature during coating." Another method is to spray coat a carrier generation layer coating liquid onto the carrier transport layer to form a carrier generation layer, and then apply a "polymer compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature" on the carrier generation layer. . In this case, a carrier generation layer having bubble-like defects is impregnated with a ``polymer compound exhibiting fluidity at room temperature'' to fill the bubble-like defects. In other words, ``the part that exhibits fluidity at room temperature is shown.

By any of the methods described above, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the bubble-like defect 8 is filled with the polymer compound 9, so that ions do not enter into the bubble-like defect 8. , an electric field E is effectively applied over the entire area of the carrier generation layer 3.

Specifically, as shown by the solid line in the graph of FIG. 8, the electric field strength does not decrease even when facing toward the surface 3a of the carrier generation M3, and as shown by the solid line in the graph of FIG. can also be made large enough.

Therefore, it has good photosensitivity and a sufficient charging potential, and since bubble-like defects are filled, it is effective in preventing white spots (spots) during normal development. On the other hand, in the case of reversal development, it is possible to effectively prevent image defects in which black spots appear on a white background.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are partial cross-sectional views showing examples of other electrophotographic photoreceptors, respectively.

In the photoreceptor shown in FIG. 2, an intermediate layer or subbing layer 5 is provided between the photosensitive layer 6 and the conductive substrate 1. In the photoreceptor shown in FIG. 6, an intermediate layer or adhesive layer 4 is further provided between the carrier transport layer 2 and the carrier generation layer 3.

Next, ``a polymer compound that exhibits fluidity without a solvent during application.''
I will explain about it. As such a compound, a polymer compound having a viscosity in the range of 5 to 100.0 OOcp (centivoise) when measured at 20°C using an "E type (EHD type) rotational viscometer" manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. is used. I can do it.

Such a polymer compound may be used without a solvent at the time of coating, or may be used in a state dissolved in a solvent.

Specific examples of the polymer compounds include various polymer oils and varnishes, such as organosilicon oils and varnishes.

The main organosilicon resins are classified as follows according to the type of bone structure containing silicon.

Among these, for example, the organopolysiloxane (C) is as follows.

Chain-shaped organopolysiloxanes are called silicones, and silicone oils and varnishes include both so-called straight silicone oils, varnishes, and modified silicone oils and varnishes. Modified resins include alkyd-modified, acrylic-modified, epoxy-modified, and polyester. Examples include modified resins, urethane modified resins, and the like.

Other high boiling point oils and varnishes can also be used.

Specific product names include SR2410 and SR2411.
, JCR6122, S R2100°SR2101, S
R2107, SR210B, SR2109, SR211
0, SR2115, SR2400, 5H200, SH5
10, SH550, S) I 710, SH804,
SH805, SH806A, SH840.

SH556, SH3746, SH374B, FS 1
265 (manufactured by Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.), KR
5240, KR255, ES 100 IN.

KR305, KR9706, KR5211, KR206
, KF96, KF69, KF54, KF99, KR21
4, KR271, KR282, KR331, KR155
, KR211, KR212, KR213, KR217,
KR9218, SA 4, KR5206, KR52
07, ES 1002T, ES 1004, KR5
203 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like.

"A polymer compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature during application may be cured after application. Curing may be performed by leaving it at room temperature, or another curing agent may be used. Alternatively, it may be cured by applying light.

As the curing agent, any conventionally used curing agent can be used. Specific product names include Epicoat 828 (manufactured by epoxy resin di-oil Shell Epoxy Co., Ltd.), Acryzo Ink A-821 (acrylic resin manufactured by Futari Nippon Ink Co., Ltd.), Coronate 2010 (isocyanate: manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.), and the following: Examples include things like.

Duracron 5E-5650 (acrylic resin, Mitsubishi Rayon) Thermolac MK-45 (acrylic resin, Soken Chemical) Acridic A-801 (acrylic resin, Dainippon Ink) Beccosol ES5101 (alkyd resin, Dainippon Ink) Beccosol M-4151 (Epoxy-modified alkyd, Dainippon Ink) Parnock D-150-70 (Polyester, alkyd, Dainippon Ink) The amount of the above-mentioned polymer compound applied to the carrier generation layer is 0.01 to 0.01 to the surface area of the carrier generation layer. 4g/l! It is preferably 0.05 to 2 g/+'', and even more preferably 0.1 to 1 g/+'' in order to achieve the effects of the present invention.

Examples of solvents that can be used to dissolve the above-mentioned polymer compound in a solvent during coating include hydrocarbons such as hexane, benzene, toluene, and cyclene, methylene chloride,
1,2-dichloroethane, sym-tetrachloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1.2-1
- Likuloethane, 1.1.1-) Likuloethane, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, bromoform, and chlorobenzene, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propane, etc. tool,
Alcohols and derivatives thereof such as butanol, cyclohexanol, pectanol, ethylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetic acid cellosolve. Examples include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, furan, and ralfural, acetals, pyridine, amines, phosphorus compounds, and the like as sole solvents, or various mixed solvents containing these as main components.

Next, a method for forming each photoreceptor constituent layer will be described.

Carrier generating substances (CGM), carrier transporting substances (C
A carrier generation layer (CGL) and a carrier transport layer (CTL) containing CGM and CTM can be prepared by vacuum deposition of CGM or CTM or by dissolving or dispersing and suspending CGM or CTM in a suitable solvent or a suitable binder resin solvent solution. It can be provided by a method of coating and drying.

Examples of solvents used to form CGL and CTL include hydrocarbons such as hexane, benzene, toluene, and xylene, methylene chloride, and (2).

Halogenated hydrocarbons such as 2-dichloroethane, 5y111-tetrachloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1.2-trichloroethane, 1,1.1-trichloroethane, chloroform, bromoform, chlorobenzene, acetone, Ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propatool, butanol, cyclohexanol, pectanol, ethylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve,
Alcohols such as acetic acid cellosolve and their derivatives.

Examples include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, furan, and ralfural; acetals; and sulfur and phosphorus compounds such as triethyl; single solvents; and various mixed solvents containing these as main components.

CGL is produced by applying a paint in which CGM or CTM is dispersed and suspended in a solvent or binder resin solution and drying it.

When forming the CTL, it is preferable to provide it by the following method. That is, the aforementioned CGM.

A dispersion liquid obtained by making CTM into fine particles in a dispersion medium using a ball mill, homomixer, etc., adding a binder resin, and mixing and dispersing is used. In this method it is preferred to homogeneously disperse the particles under the action of ultrasound.

When CGL or CTL is formed by dispersing the CGM or CTM, it is preferable that the CGM or CTM is a powder with an average particle size of 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less, that is, the particle size is too large. This results in poor dispersion into the layer.

In the present invention, CTL is CTM in the same manner as above (
That is, it can be formed by coating alone or by dissolving and dispersing it together with a binder resin and drying it.

In the carrier generation layer, the carrier generation substance is compared to the binder substance, and the carrier generation substance/binder substance =
10-300% (i.e. 10-300 parts by weight, preferably 20-is based on 100 parts by weight of binder material).

(parts by weight) within a specific range, it is possible to provide a positively charging photoreceptor with less reduction in residual potential and acceptance potential.

Further, a carrier transport substance may be contained in the carrier generation layer. In this case, it is preferable that the carrier transport substance/binder substance=0 to 200% (that is, 0 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 120 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder substance), and depending on this range, the residual potential can be reduced. However, the photosensitivity is improved, and the solvent solubility of the carrier transport substance is also maintained well. In addition, the ratio of the carrier-generating substance and the carrier-transporting substance is such that the weight ratio of the carrier-generating substance to the carrier-transporting substance is (1: O) to (1: 20) in order to effectively exhibit the respective functions of both substances. It is desirable that the ratio be 1:0.6 to 1:10.

The thickness of the carrier generation layer is preferably 0.6 to 10 microns, more preferably 1 to 8 microns.

The thickness of the carrier transport layer is 5 to 50μ steel, preferably 5 to 50μ.
It is good that it is 30ul. If the thickness is less than 5 .mu.m, the charging potential will be small because it is thin, and if it exceeds 50 .mu.m, the residual potential will be rather large (easily).

Further, the film thickness ratio of the carrier generation layer and the carrier transport layer is 1
:(1-30) is desirable.

Next, materials that can be used in each of the photoreceptor constituent layers will be described.

As CGM, any inorganic pigment or organic pigment can be used as long as it absorbs electromagnetic waves and generates free carriers.

Examples of CGM include the following.

(1) Amorphous selenium, trigonal selenium, selenium-arsenic alloy, selenium-tellurium alloy, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium selenide sulfide, mercury sulfide, lead sulfide,
Inorganic pigments such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and amorphous silicon (2
) Azo pigments such as monoazo pigments, polyazo pigments, metal complex azo pigments, pyrazolone azo pigments, stilbene azo and thiazole azo pigments (3) anthraquinone derivatives, anthorone derivatives, dibenzpyrenequinone derivatives, pyranthrone derivatives,
Anthraquinone or polycyclic quinone pigments such as violanthrone derivatives and isoviolanthrone derivatives (4) Indigoid pigments such as indigo derivatives and thioindigo derivatives (5) Various metal phthalocyanines such as titanyl phthalocyanine and vanadyl phthalocyanine, and α type and β type Phthalocyanine pigments (6) such as metal-free phthalocyanines such as type, τ type, τ type, τI type, η type, η' type, etc. Carbonium type pigments such as diphenylmethane pigments, triphenylmethane pigments, xanthine pigments and acridine pigments (6) 7) Quinoneimine pigments such as azine pigments, oxazine pigments and thiazine pigments (8) Methine pigments such as cyanine pigments and azomethine pigments (9) Quinoline pigments 0ω Nitro pigments (11) Nitroso pigments Q2) Benzoquinone and naphthoquinone pigments Pigment 0■
Naphthalimide pigments 04) Perinone pigments such as bisbenzimidazole derivatives Fluorenone pigments 0ω Squarylium pigments 7) Azulenium compounds Furthermore, examples of preferred azo compounds and polycyclic quinone pigments are shown below. For specific examples of these compounds, please refer to the patent application Shoya A.
It is described in detail in the specification of No. 60-298013.

A-N=N-Ar'-CH=CH-Ar''-N=N-A
(I-6) A-N=N-Ar'-CH=CH-Arz-CH=CH
-Ar3-N=N-A A-N=N-Ar'-N=N-Ar''-N=N-AA-
N=N-Ar'-N=N-Ar''-N=N-Ar'-N
=N-A (I -10) R'R''A-N=N-Ar'-C=C-Ar''-N=N-A (I
-11) N=N-A [However, in each of the above-mentioned holes, Ar', Ar'' and Ar': each substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic ring group, R1, Rz, R'a, an electron-withdrawing group and R4 or a hydrogen atom, respectively, at least one of R'-R' is an electron-withdrawing group such as a cyano group, (X is a hydroxy group, -NH3O, -R' provided that R6 and R7 are each a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, RB is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or device-substituted aryl group>, Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, monosubstituted or unsubstituted an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group (However, when m is 2 or more, different groups may be used.) , Z is an atomic group necessary to constitute a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic ring, R5 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, Substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, carboxyl group or ester group thereof, Ar' is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, n is an integer of 1 or 2, m is an integer of 0 to 4)] , the polycyclic quinone pigments of the following general formula (II) group are also CGM
Can be used as

General formula [■]; (However, in this hole, X' represents a halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, acyl group, or carboxyl group, and p
is an integer of θ to 4, and q is an integer of O to 6.) Regarding squarylium pigments, see JP-A-60-25855.
There is a description in Publication No. I, etc.

Regarding titanyl phthalocyanine, patent application 1986-241
It is described in the specification of No. 983.

Regarding azulenium compounds, patent application No. 62-2511
It is described in the specification of No. 88.

Furthermore, regarding a special metal-free phthalocyanine, a patent application was filed in 1983.
It is described in the specification of No. 1-295784.

The carrier transport substances used in the present invention include carbazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives,
Thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, imidasilone derivatives,
imidazolidine derivatives, bisimidazolidine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives,
Oxacilone derivative, benzothiazole derivative, benzimidazole derivative, quinazoline derivative, benzofuran derivative, acridine derivative, phenazine derivative, aminostilbene derivative, triarylamine derivative, phenylenediamine derivative, stilbene derivative, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly]-1 - It may be one or more selected from vinylpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene, etc.

Specific examples of such carrier transport substances are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 1983.
-298013, etc. Some examples are listed below.

The following general formula (III) or (
IV) styryl compounds can be used.

-Morehole [■]: (However, in this -Morehole, R9, RIG, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group is represented, and substituents include alkyl group, alkoxy group, substituted amino group, hydroxyl group, halogen Atom, aryl group is used.

Ar', Arb: Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group.

RI l, R12: substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
It represents a hydrogen atom, and the substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group. ) General formula [■]: I3 (However, in this hole, RI3: substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, RI4. hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, amino group, substituted represents an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a RIS, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group) In addition, as a carrier transport substance, the following general formula [■], (1
, (Vla), (Vlb) or [■] hydrazone compounds can also be used.

General formula [■]: RI6 R1? (However, in this hole, RI6 and R17 each represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, RIB and RI9 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Ar': a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.) General Formula [■]: (However, in this hole, R20 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, or a substituted or tetrasubstituted multi-7R group, R21, R22 and R23: represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.) ■ zs (However, in this hole, R14: methyl group, ethyl group, 2 - Hydroxyethyl group or 2-chloroethyl group, Bts: methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group or phenyl group, RZ&, methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group or phenyl group.

General formula (Vlb): (However, in this hole, Rzt is a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group; R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
Aralkyl group or aryl group; Rt9 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; R30 and RffI are the same or different groups consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group. ) General formula [■]: (However, in this hole, R31, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, R33 = hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group) (Unsubstituted aryl group, Q: hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, substituted amine group, alkoxy group, or cyano group, n: represents an integer of 0 or 1) In addition, as a carrier transport substance, the following general formula [ [2] Pyrazoline compounds can also be used.

- Monna [■]: [However, in this - Monna, l: 0 or 11 R34 and R35: substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R3-: substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or heterocyclic group, R3ff and R311, hydrogen atom, number of carbon atoms 1-4
an alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or aralkyl group (however, both R3 and Rya are not hydrogen atoms, and when 2 above is 0, Rs'r is not a hydrogen atom) )] Furthermore, an amine derivative of the following general formula (IX) can also be used as a carrier transport substance.

General formula [■]: (However, in this hole, Ar'', Ar'' represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a nitro group, or an alkoxy group is used as a substituent.

Ar10: represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, fluorenyl group, or heterocyclic group, and substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an aryloxy group, an aryl group, an amino group, A nitro group, a piperidino group, a morpholino group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a substituted amino group are used. However, an acyl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group is used as a substituent for the substituted amino group. ) Furthermore, a compound of the following general formula (X) can also be used as a carrier transport substance.

General formula [X]: R4! R41 (However, this - Monkanaka, Ar”: substituted or unsubstituted ary Represents a ren group, Rsq, Rno.

R'I and R42: represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group. ) Furthermore, a compound of the following general formula (XI) can also be used as a carrier transport substance.

General formula [XI]: R5OR41R5Z [However, in this hole, R43, R44, Ras and R
J& is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a benzyl group, or an aralkyl group, R4? and R41 is
1 hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom, respectively
~40 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or aralkyl groups (
However, R4? and R41 jointly have 3 to 10 carbon atoms
may form a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon ring.
) R49, R46, R5I and Rsz are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,
Aryl group, aralkyl group, alkoxy group, amino group,
It is an alkylamino group or an arylamino group. ] A polymeric organic semiconductor can also be contained in the carrier generation layer.

Among these polymeric organic semiconductors, poly-N-vinylcarbazole or its derivatives are highly effective and are preferably used. Such poly-N-vinylcarbazole derivatives are those in which all or part of the carbazole ring in the repeat unit is substituted with various substituents, such as an alkyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxy group, or a halogen atom. be.

The layer structure of the photoreceptor of the present invention may be a laminated structure having OCL as described above, but the OCL forming the surface layer, and any one of CTL, CGL, or a plurality of layers thereof may have an improved sensitivity or a residual layer. At least one electron-accepting substance may be contained for the purpose of reducing potential or fatigue during repeated use.

Electron-accepting substances that can be used in the photoreceptor of the present invention include:
For example, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromaleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, 4
- Nitrophthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, mellitic anhydride, tetracyanoethylene, tetraanoquinodimethane, O-dinitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, 1.3.5-1-linitrobenzene, baranitro Benzonitrile, vicryl chloride, quinone chlorimide, chloranil, brumanil, 2-methylnaphthoquinone, dichlorodicyanobarabenzoquinone, anthraquinone, dinitroanthraquinone, trinitrofluorenone,
9-fluorenylidene [dicyanomethylene malonodinitrile], polynitro-9-fluorenylidene [dicyanomethylene malonodinitrile], picric acid, 0-nitrobenzoic acid, P-nitrobenzoic acid, 3,5-dinitro Examples include benzoic acid, pentafluorobenzoic acid, 5-nitrosalicylic acid, 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid, phthalic acid, mellitic acid, and other compounds with high electron affinity. Among these, fluorenone type, quinone type, CI! Particularly preferred are benzene derivatives having electron-withdrawing substituents such as , CN, No, and the like.

Furthermore, silicone oil may be present as a surface modifier. Further, an ammonium compound may be contained as a durability improver.

Furthermore, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, etc. may be used.

Preferred ultraviolet absorbers include nitrogen-containing compounds such as benzoic acid, stilbene compounds and derivatives thereof, triazole compounds, imidazole compounds, triazine compounds, coumarin compounds, oxadiazole compounds, thiazole compounds and derivatives thereof.

Examples of the antioxidant include hindered phenol, hindered amine, paraphenylene diamine, aryl alkane, hydroquinone, spirochroman, spiroindanone and derivatives thereof, organic sulfur compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, and the like.

No. 157644, No. 61-195879, No. 61-1
No. 62867, No. 61-204469, No. 61-21
No. 7493, No. 61-217492 and No. 61-22
It is described in No. 1541.

Furthermore, the OCt according to the present invention may contain less than 50% by weight of a thermoplastic resin, if necessary, for the purpose of improving processability and physical properties (preventing cracks, imparting flexibility, etc.).

Examples of binder resins that can be used in the constituent layers of the photoreceptor in the present invention include polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, and alkyd resin. , addition polymer resins such as polycarbonate resins, silicone resins, and melamine resins, polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more repeating units of these resins;
Examples include insulating resins such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resin, as well as polymeric organic semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole.

Further, the intermediate layer functions as an adhesive layer or a barrier layer, and in addition to the binder resin, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-anhydrous Maleic acid copolymer, casein, N
-Alkoxymethylated nylon, starch, etc. are used.

As the conductive support used in the construction of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the following are mainly used, but the support is not limited thereto.

1) Metal plates such as aluminum plates and stainless steel plates.

2) A thin layer of metal such as aluminum, palladium, gold, etc. is provided on a support such as aluminum or plastic film by lamination or vapor deposition.

3) A layer of a conductive compound such as a conductive polymer, indium oxide, or tin oxide is provided by coating or vapor deposition on a support such as a plastic film or the like.

Next, the copying process and developing method used for the photoreceptor of the present invention will be mentioned.

FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an electrophotographic copying apparatus.

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 4, ? 3 is a drum-shaped image carrier which has a photosensitive layer made of the above-mentioned organic photoconductive substance and rotates in the direction of the arrow; 22 is a main charger that uniformly charges the surface of the image carrier 23; 24 is an image exposure device; 15 is a developing device. 20 is a pre-transfer exposure lamp provided as necessary to facilitate the transfer of the toner image formed on the image carrier 23 onto the recording medium P; 21 is a transfer device; 19 is a separation corona discharger; 12
is a fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium P. 13 is a static eliminator consisting of one or a combination of a static elimination lamp and a corona discharger for static elimination; 14 is an image carrier 23;
This cleaning device has a cleaning blade and a fur brush for removing residual toner on the surface after the image is transferred.

As the developing device 15, one having a structure as shown in FIG. 5 is preferably used. In FIG. 5, 31 is a developing sleeve made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum or stainless steel, 32 is a magnet body provided inside the developing sleeve 31 and has a plurality of magnetic poles in the circumferential direction, and 33 is the developing sleeve 3.
A layer thickness regulating blade 34 regulates the thickness of the developer layer formed on the developing sleeve 1, and a scraper blade 34 removes the developed developer layer from the developing sleeve 31. Reference numeral 35 denotes an agitation rotating body for stirring the developer in the developer reservoir 36, 37 a toner hopper, 38 a toner replenishment roller having a recess on the surface into which the toner enters, and replenishing toner from the toner hopper 37 to the developer reservoir 36; A bias voltage including an oscillating voltage component is applied to the developing sleeve 31 via the protective resistor 40 to form an electric field that controls the movement of toner in the developing area E between the developing sleeve 31 and the photoreceptor 23. It is a power source.

In the figure, d indicates the distance between the developing sleeve 31 and the image carrier 23, and L indicates the height of the spikes of developer on the developing sleeve 31. In FIG. 5, it is shown as a dot, and development is performed under so-called non-contact conditions.

Note that the developing device is not limited to the one described above, and may be one based on so-called contact conditions (magnetic brush type).

Next, the process of forming an electrostatic latent image will be described.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are flowcharts showing this process, respectively.

Figure 6 shows that an electrostatic image is formed by an electrostatic image forming method in which the exposed part of the image becomes the background part and the non-exposed part becomes an electrostatic image, and during development, toner charged to the opposite polarity is attached to the electrostatic image. This shows an example of regular development performed by This is the fourth
According to the copying apparatus shown in the figure, the surface of the image carrier 23 in an initial state, which has been cleaned by the cleaning device 14 and has a potential of O, is uniformly charged by the charger 22.
Image exposure 24 is performed on the charged surface so that the potential of the portion other than the electrostatic image area becomes approximately O, and the electrostatic image obtained thereby is developed by the developing device 15, and is charged to the opposite polarity. Apply toner T.

Figure 7 shows that an electrostatic image is formed by an electrostatic image forming method in which the image exposure area has a lower potential than the background area, and the electrostatic image is developed using toner that is charged to the same polarity as the background area potential. It shows the process of reversal development, which is carried out by the deposition of

When performing reversal development, the potential IV, 1 of the electrostatic latent image is 30
Charged to 0 to 1000 V, and during reverse development 0) l VN l l ■ + c l = O
~200 V is preferable, however, VOC is a DC bias voltage applied to the developing sleeve 31 as a developer conveyance carrier opposing the photoreceptor 23. The oscillating voltage is superimposed on Vile as an alternating current component.

When the photoreceptor of the present invention is applied to a printer using an LD-LED light source, it is advantageous because positive discharge does not cause noise. Further, during reversal development, various developers developed for negatively charged photoreceptors can be used, making it particularly suitable for printers.

E. Examples Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[Manufacture of photoconductor] Thickness made of vinyl chloride-hinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer (S-LEC MF-10; manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) on a polyethylene terephthalate sheet (conductive substrate) on which aluminum is vapor-deposited. An intermediate layer of 0.1μ steel was formed.

Next, a 1,2-dichloroethane solution containing 16.5% by weight of the following CTM/polycarbonate resin (Panlite -1300, manufactured by Yojin Kasei Co., Ltd.) = 75/100 (weight ratio) was dip-coated onto the intermediate layer and dried. and 15μ
A CTL with a thickness of m was obtained.

Next, the following carrier generating substance (I) was used as CGM.
50! ! A certain amount was ground in a ball mill for 24 hours, and 110 parts by weight of polycarbonate "Panlite L-1250J (manufactured by Yojin Kasei Co., Ltd.) was mixed with 175 parts by weight of 1.2-dichloroethane.
Add the solution dissolved in 0 parts by weight, and further add 2 parts by weight using a ball mill.
Dispersed for 4 hours. To this dispersion, 75 parts by weight of the following CTM, 7.5 parts by weight of the antioxidant rIRGANOX 1035J, and a predetermined fit (parts by weight, see Figure 10) of a "polymer compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature" were added, and further monochlorobenzene was added. 750 parts by weight was added to prepare a coating liquid. This coating solution was spray applied onto the carrier transport to a thickness of 5 μm.
A carrier-generating layer of 100% was obtained. This was subjected to a predetermined post-treatment to obtain photoreceptors IA to IQ and a comparative example photoreceptor 1a shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows the CGM of each photoreceptor, the trade name and amount of the polymer compound that is fluid at room temperature, and the post-treatment after coating the carrier generation layer.

The compounds shown in CTM and FIG. 10 are as follows.

(CTM) CGM (I): 4, to-dibromoanthrone longi 1 cone varnish Silicone oil rKR5240J, rKR255J: Straight silicone varnish (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) r S R24
10J, rJCR6122J: Straight silicone varnish (manufactured by Tomu Silicone Co., Ltd.) rEs 100
IN, : Epoxy-modified silicone oil (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) rKR305J: Urethane-modified silicone oil (
Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) rKR9706J Niacrylic modified silicone oil (
'KR5221J: Polyester modified silicone oil (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) rKR206J: Alkyd modified silicone oil (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.)
(manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) rKF 96. , rKF 69. , rKF 54
J, rKF99J: Silicone oil (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) rKR214J/"Epicoat 828" rKR214
"/'Acridic A-821JrKR214"/
'Coronate 2010J: rKR214J (silicone oil, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) is a base resin, and the others are modified resins. The solid content ratio is 1:1 by weight.

"Epinot 828": (manufactured by Epoxy Resin Diol Shell Epoxy Co., Ltd.) "Acrizo Ink A-8/lJ Niacrylic Resin (manufactured by Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.) "Coronate 2010J: Isocyanate (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) (Evaluation of photoreceptor characteristics) ) The following measurements were carried out using each photoreceptor shown in Fig. 10. The results are as shown in Fig. 10.

After applying pressure and charging the photosensitive layer by corona discharge for 5 seconds, it was left to stand for 5 seconds (the potential at this time is referred to as the initial potential).

), then irradiate the light from a halogen lamp with a light intensity of 21ux on the surface of the light layer, and increase the initial potential by +6
The amount of exposure required to attenuate from 00 volts to +100 volts, E? ::(j!uχ·5ee) was measured. Further, using a spectrometer MC-20L (manufactured by Ritsuichi Applied Optics Co., Ltd.), the light attenuation potential amount Sλ per unit energy was measured at a wavelength of 540n*.

In addition, high temperatures (which are the conditions most likely to cause white spots)
A copy image was obtained by regular development for each photoreceptor under conditions (33°C, 80% RH), and white spots (white spots) on the image were obtained.
was evaluated. Let the diameter of the white hole be φ (white hole). The evaluation details are as follows.

◎: The number of white holes per rotation of the drum is A4 width (314mm)
X 297mm) in solid black and halftone φ (white missing) <0.5m+m 10 or less 0.5≦φ(white missing) <15m0 pcs■≦φ(white missing) 0 pcs○: Under the same conditions φ( White blank) <0.5w+m 10 or less 0.5≦
φ (white missing) <1ms+5 pieces or less 1≦φ(white missing)
O pieces ×: ◎, Cases other than O: Implementation I In the same manner as in Example 1, an intermediate layer and a carrier transport layer were formed on a conductive substrate.

Next, a carrier generation layer having a thickness of 5 μm was formed by spray coating in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the "polymer compound exhibiting fluidity at room temperature" was removed from the carrier generation layer coating solution.

Next, each of the "polymer compounds exhibiting fluidity at room temperature" shown in FIG. 11 was dissolved in 1,1,2-) dichloroethane to prepare a coating solution for impregnation having a predetermined concentration shown in FIG. Then, this impregnation coating solution is spray-coated onto the carrier generation layer, and the amount of impregnation (solid content:
The carrier generation layer had an impregnation rate of 1) per 1 rrf of surface area of the carrier generation substance. This was subjected to a predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 11 to obtain photoreceptors 2A to 2Q of Examples and photoreceptor 2a of Comparative Example.

Example 1 for each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors
The photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in FIG.

First, an undercoat layer and a carrier transport layer were formed on a conductive substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CTM was changed to the following CTM.

Next, a solution prepared by dissolving 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate "Panlite L-1250J (manufactured by Yondai Kasei Co., Ltd.) in 3000 parts by weight of 1,2-dichloroethane was added to 30 parts by weight of the following CGM (II), and the mixture was ground with a sand grinder for 8 parts by weight.
Spread out time. To this dispersion, 75 parts by weight of the following CTM,
Antioxidant r IRGANOX 1035J 7.5 parts by weight, and "polymer compound J that exhibits fluidity at room temperature"
Add the specified amount shown in Figure 2, and then add 10% of monochlorobenzene.
00 parts by weight was added and spray coated on the carrier transport to obtain a carrier generation layer with a thickness of 5 μm. In addition to this, the first
A predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 2 was performed to obtain photoreceptors 3A to 3Q and a comparative example photoreceptor 3a shown in FIG.

Using each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors, the photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. However, when measuring Sλ, the wavelength of the light source was set to λ=630n*. The result is the first
As shown in Figure 2.

CTM: CGM (I[): In the same manner as in Example 3, an intermediate layer and a carrier transport layer were formed on a conductive substrate.

Next, a carrier generation layer having a thickness of 5 μm was formed by spray coating in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the “polymer compound exhibiting fluidity at room temperature” was removed from the carrier generation layer coating solution.

Next, 1. each of the [polymer compounds exhibiting fluidity at room temperature] shown in FIG. 1,2-) A coating solution for impregnation having a predetermined concentration shown in FIG. 13 was prepared by dissolving it in dichloroethane. This impregnating coating solution was then spray-coated onto the carrier generation layer to form a carrier generation layer having the impregnation amount shown in FIG. 13. This was subjected to a predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 13 to obtain photoreceptors 4A to 4Q of Examples and photoreceptor 4a of Comparative Example.

For each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors, Example 3
The photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in FIG.

First, in the same manner as in Example 1, a subbing layer was formed on a conductive substrate.
A carrier transport layer was formed.

Next, 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate "Panlite L-1250J (manufactured by Kijin Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added to 30 parts by weight of the following CGM (III) and 300 parts by weight of 1,2-dichloroethane.
A solution containing 0 parts by weight was added and dispersed using a sand grinder for 8 hours. To this dispersion, 75 parts by weight of the following CTM, antioxidant rlRGANOX 1035J7.5
Parts by weight and a predetermined amount of "a polymer compound exhibiting fluidity at room temperature" as shown in Figure 14 were added, and further monochlorobenzene t was added.
ooo weight parts were added and spray coated on the carrier transport to obtain a carrier generation layer with a thickness of 5 μm. This was subjected to a predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 14 to obtain photoreceptors 5A to 5Q and a comparative example photoreceptor 5a shown in FIG.

Using each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors, the photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. However, when measuring Sλ, the wavelength of the light source was set to λ = 790 nm. The result is the first
As shown in Figure 4.

CGMCm): In the same manner as in Example 5, an intermediate layer and a carrier transport layer were formed on a conductive substrate.

Next, a carrier generation layer having a thickness of 5 μm was formed by spray coating in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the [polymer compound exhibiting fluidity at room temperature] was removed from the carrier generation layer coating solution.

Next, 1. each of the "polymer compounds exhibiting fluidity at room temperature" shown in FIG. 1. A coating solution for impregnation was prepared by dissolving in 2-trichloroethane and having a predetermined concentration shown in FIG. Then, this impregnating coating liquid was spray coated onto the carrier generation layer to form a carrier generation layer having an impregnation amount shown in FIG. 15. This was subjected to a predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 15 to obtain photoreceptors 6A to 6Q of Examples and photoreceptor 6a of Comparative Example.

For each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors, Example 5
The photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in FIG.

First, an undercoat layer and a carrier transport layer were formed on a conductive substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CTM was changed to the following CTM.

Next, 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate [Panlite L-1250J (manufactured by Kijin Kasei Co., Ltd.)] was added to 50 parts by weight of the following CGM (TV) and 3000 parts by weight of 1,2-dichloroethane.
The solution dissolved in parts by weight was added and dispersed with a sand grinder for 4 hours. To this dispersion, 75 parts by weight of the following CTM, antioxidant r I RGANOX 1035J7.
5 parts by weight and a predetermined amount of a "polymer compound exhibiting fluidity at room temperature" as shown in FIG. A generation layer was obtained. to this,
A predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 16 was performed to obtain photoreceptors 7A to 7Q shown in FIG. 16 and a photoreceptor 7a of a comparative example.

Using each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors, the photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. However, when measuring Sλ, the wavelength of the light source was set to λ=790na+. The result is the first
As shown in Figure 6.

CGM (IV): X=phthalocyanine rFastogen Blue
812OB (manufactured by Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.) Resin ■ In the same manner as in Main Example 7, an intermediate carrier transport layer was formed on a conductive substrate.

Next, a carrier generation layer having a thickness of 2 μm was formed by spray coating in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the polymer compound J, which exhibits fluidity at room temperature, was removed from the carrier generation layer coating solution.

Next, 1. each of the "polymer compounds exhibiting fluidity at room temperature" shown in FIG. I, 2-) A coating solution for impregnation was prepared by dissolving in liqueur ethane and having a predetermined concentration shown in FIG. This impregnating coating solution was then spray-coated onto the carrier generation layer to form a carrier generation layer having the impregnation amount shown in FIG. 17. This was subjected to a predetermined post-treatment shown in FIG. 17 to obtain photoreceptors 8A to 8Q of Examples and photoreceptor 8a of Comparative Example.

For each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors, Example 7
The photoreceptor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as described above. The result is the first
As shown in Figure 7.

[Conclusion]

From the results described above, it can be seen that the photoreceptor of the example has a good degree of anger and can produce high-quality images with few white spots.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the developing device, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are flowcharts showing the process of forming an electrostatic latent image, respectively.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in electric field strength in the thickness direction of the photosensitive layer, and FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change in charging potential in the thickness direction of the photosensitive layer.

Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14,
15, 16, and 17 all show the relationship between the structure, prescription, and characteristics of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. In the symbols shown in the drawings, 1... Conductive substrate 2... ...Carrier transport layer 3...Carrier generation layer 3a...Surface 4.5 of carrier generation layer...
...Intermediate layer 6...Photosensitive layer 8...Bubble-like defects 9...Resin 15 that has fluidity at room temperature during coating
. . . Developing device 23 . . . Image carrier.

Agent: Patent Attorney Hiroshi Osaka Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Angry eyebrows, 1st direction

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A photoreceptor characterized in that a carrier generation layer is formed on the carrier transport layer by spray coating, and at least a polymer compound that exhibits fluidity at room temperature during coating is contained in the carrier generation layer by coating. .