JPH01257256A - Signal lead-out structure of air/fuel ratio sensor - Google Patents
Signal lead-out structure of air/fuel ratio sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01257256A JPH01257256A JP63082976A JP8297688A JPH01257256A JP H01257256 A JPH01257256 A JP H01257256A JP 63082976 A JP63082976 A JP 63082976A JP 8297688 A JP8297688 A JP 8297688A JP H01257256 A JPH01257256 A JP H01257256A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- air
- fuel ratio
- signal extraction
- leads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000218202 Coptis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002991 Coptis groenlandica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000062175 Fittonia argyroneura Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 zirconia amine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は限界電流方式の空燃比センサに係り、特に自動
車等内燃機関の空燃比制御に好適な空燃比センサに関す
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a limiting current type air-fuel ratio sensor, and particularly to an air-fuel ratio sensor suitable for air-fuel ratio control of internal combustion engines such as automobiles.
従来の空燃比センサの信号取出し構造は、特開昭５８−
１００７４６号に開示されているように、検出素子電極
に信号取出し用金具を接触させ、バネにより加圧する構
造となっていた。The signal extraction structure of the conventional air-fuel ratio sensor is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 58-
As disclosed in No. 100746, a metal fitting for signal extraction is brought into contact with a detection element electrode and is pressurized by a spring.
上記従来技術は、空燃比が燃料希薄なリーシ領域のみを
測定するものであるため大気導入の必要がなく、その為
大気導入孔は設けられておらず、素子からの信号取出部
に塩水等が付着することもなく実用上の問題はなかった
。しかし、燃料リッチ領域も測定しようとすると、検出
素子外側電極上に拡散した来る排気ガス中の未然成分で
あるＣｏ、Ｈｚ 、ＨＣ等を完全燃焼させるのに必要な
酸素を、大気側の内側電極より酸素イオン電流として供
給する為の酸素が必要であり、この為の大気導入孔が設
けられる。従って刻大気導入孔より、水分、塩水等が浸
入し、素子開口端面の内・外電極と接触する信号引出し
用金具の接触部を腐食し電気抵抗を増加し、酸素イオン
ボンピング電流値を減少させる。その結果認定誤差が大
きくなり信頼性上問題があった。The above-mentioned conventional technology does not need to introduce atmospheric air because it measures only the lithium region where the air-fuel ratio is fuel lean. There was no problem in practical use as there was no adhesion. However, when trying to measure the fuel-rich region, the oxygen necessary to completely burn Co, Hz, HC, etc., which are unnatural components in the exhaust gas diffused on the outer electrode of the detection element, is transferred to the inner electrode on the atmosphere side. Oxygen is required to be supplied as an oxygen ion current, and an atmosphere introduction hole is provided for this purpose. Therefore, moisture, salt water, etc. enter through the air inlet hole and corrode the contact parts of the signal extraction fittings that contact the inner and outer electrodes on the element opening end face, increasing the electrical resistance and reducing the oxygen ion bombing current value. let As a result, the recognition error became large and there was a reliability problem.
本発明の目的は、リッチからリーン領域にわたって空燃
比検出が可能なセンサの信頼性を向上させることにある
。An object of the present invention is to improve the reliability of a sensor capable of detecting air-fuel ratios over a rich to lean range.
上記目的は、検出素子端面に凹部を２ケ所設け、前記四
部にまで内・外電極を延長して形成し、信号取出し用金
属部材を開門部内で電極に貴金属ペース１〜により直接
メタライズ接合し、更に接合部をガラスコーティングで
封着保護することにより達成される。前記ガラスコーテ
ィングは、信号取出し用金属部材の引張りに対する強度
向上機能も有している。The above object is to provide two concave portions on the end face of the detection element, extend the inner and outer electrodes to the four portions, and directly metallize and bond the signal extraction metal member to the electrodes within the opening using noble metal paste 1. Furthermore, this is achieved by sealing and protecting the bonded portion with a glass coating. The glass coating also has the function of improving the tensile strength of the signal extraction metal member.
〔作用〕
白金等の貴金属ペーストは、焼付けによりメタライズさ
れ、検出素子電極と信号取出し用金属部材の電気的接続
を確実にする。封着ガラスによるメタライズ接合部の封
着コーティングは、メタライズ接合だけでは十分でない
接合強度を増強する働きと、メタライズ接合部の噴霧塩
水等による耐食性を向上させる２つの働きをする。更に
信号取出し用金属部材の検出素子電極と接する面に接合
される貴金属チップは、貴金属ペーストでメタライズ接
合された接合部の電気的接続を更に確実にする作用をす
る。以上の構成によって、リッチ領域の空燃比を測定す
るための大気を導入する大気導入孔をセンサに設けても
、信号取出し部の接触抵抗が増加することがなく、リッ
チリーンの全空燃比で、信頼性の高い測定が出来る。[Function] The noble metal paste such as platinum is metalized by baking to ensure electrical connection between the detection element electrode and the signal extraction metal member. The sealing coating of the metallized joint with sealing glass has two functions: to strengthen the joint strength that is not sufficient with the metallized joint alone, and to improve the corrosion resistance of the metallized joint due to sprayed salt water. Furthermore, the noble metal chip bonded to the surface of the signal extraction metal member in contact with the detection element electrode serves to further ensure the electrical connection of the metallized bonded joint with the noble metal paste. With the above configuration, even if the sensor is provided with an air inlet hole that introduces air to measure the air-fuel ratio in the rich region, the contact resistance at the signal extraction part does not increase, and at the full rich-lean air-fuel ratio, Highly reliable measurements can be made.
以下、本発明の一実施例を説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
第１図は空燃比センサアセンブリの全体構造を示す断面
図である。検出素子１３は栓体１４に座金、１５を介し
て収納されている。検出素子１３は袋管状をしており、
対向する内・外表面には電極として多孔質白金がメツキ
により形成されており。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the overall structure of the air-fuel ratio sensor assembly. The detection element 13 is housed in the stopper 14 via a washer 15. The detection element 13 has a bag tube shape,
Porous platinum is plated on the opposing inner and outer surfaces as electrodes.
内・外電極は素子開口端面にまで延びて形成されている
。また外側電極上にはガス拡散を律速する拡散抵抗体が
、プラズマ溶射等により形成されている。検出素子を一
定温度に制御するためのセラミックヒータ１６が内挿さ
れており、刻セラミックヒータには通電用のヒータリー
ド１２がロー付けされており、更に位置決め用のセラミ
ック製ヒータフランジ１１がガラス接着で一体に接合さ
れている。検出素子からの信号取出し用金属部材である
Ｎｉ中継リード８ａ、８ｂは、素子端面に設けられた２
けの凹部で、それぞれ内・外電極と白金ペースト焼付け
によりメタライズ接合され、更に四部にはガラスがコー
ティングされ封着されている。このガラス封着によりメ
タライズ接合部は、耐食性、耐熱性の向上と引張強度の
向上が得られる。中継リード８およびヒータリード１２
は、加締スリーブ４により、各々リード線１に加締られ
る。加締後加締部に少量の銀ロー等を流し、電気的接続
の信頼性を向上させている。中継リード８とヒータリー
ド１２は互いに絶縁されて、セラミック製インシュレー
タ５に収納される。ヒータフランジ１１とインシュレー
タ５の間にはパツキン１０が挿入されており、インシュ
レータ５の屑状部に耐熱材よりなる皿バネ３が配置され
、その上から大気導入孔７を有するガイトウ６が配設さ
れ、ガイトウは栓体１４に加締られ、インシュレータ５
、セラミックヒータ１６を加圧固定する。リード線１は
計４本であり、グロメット２を通すセンサ外部へ引出さ
れ、図示しないセンサ駆動モジュールに接続される。ま
たセンサには検出素子１３の先端部を保護する保護カバ
ー１７が、栓体に加締固定されている。The inner and outer electrodes are formed to extend to the element opening end face. Further, on the outer electrode, a diffusion resistor that controls the rate of gas diffusion is formed by plasma spraying or the like. A ceramic heater 16 is inserted to control the detection element at a constant temperature, a heater lead 12 for energization is brazed to the carved ceramic heater, and a ceramic heater flange 11 for positioning is bonded to glass. are joined together. Ni relay leads 8a and 8b, which are metal members for taking out signals from the detection element, are connected to two wires provided on the end face of the element.
The inner and outer electrodes are metallized and bonded by baking platinum paste in the recesses, and the four parts are further coated with glass and sealed. This glass sealing provides the metallized joint with improved corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and tensile strength. Relay lead 8 and heater lead 12
are each crimped onto the lead wire 1 by the crimping sleeve 4. After crimping, a small amount of silver solder is applied to the crimped part to improve the reliability of the electrical connection. The relay lead 8 and the heater lead 12 are insulated from each other and housed in a ceramic insulator 5. A gasket 10 is inserted between the heater flange 11 and the insulator 5, a disc spring 3 made of a heat-resistant material is placed on the scrap part of the insulator 5, and a guide 6 having an air introduction hole 7 is placed above it. Then, the guide is tightened to the plug body 14, and the insulator 5 is
, the ceramic heater 16 is fixed under pressure. There are four lead wires 1 in total, which are led out to the outside of the sensor through a grommet 2 and connected to a sensor drive module (not shown). Further, a protective cover 17 for protecting the tip of the detection element 13 is fixed to the sensor by caulking to the stopper.
第２図は本発明になる信号取出し部（第１図Ａ部）の詳
細構造を示すものであり、第３図はその製法をフローチ
ャートで示したものである。第２図および第３図を用い
て、信号取出し部のリード接合法を説明する。袋管形素
子開口端面に凹部を２ケ所有するジルコニア電解質を準
備する。（凹部の形成はラバープレス時に、プレス治具
に凸部を設けることにより簡単に得られる。）このジル
コニアミ解質の内・外表面に白金を化学メツキにより多
孔質の電極を形成する。この時袋管開口端面にまで延び
て、内側電極２１、外側電極２２を形成する。次いで素
子を固定する為に耐熱材であり、加工も容易であるカー
ボン治具に素子をセットする。かかる状態におい凹部に
白金ペースト２４を充填する。白金ペーストはガラス成
分を１０〜３０％程度含有するものを用い、充填量は凹
部深さの１／２程度とした。次いで、八ツダー加工によ
り頭部をクギ状にしだ線径０．８ｍの軟Ｎｉワイヤより
成る中継リード８ｂを、第２図に示す状態に白金ペース
ト２４中に挿入し、素子外側電極２２と接触する状態に
配設する。次いで中継リードが倒れるのを防ぐ、リード
固定用のカーボン治具をセットし、素子固定用カーボン
治具ごとメタライズ用電気炉に入れる。焼成雰囲気は初
めエア雰囲気とし、白金ペーストに含まれる有機成分の
燃焼を助けるようにする。３００℃を越えたら、Ｎｉワ
イヤの酸化を防止する目的でＮ２ガスを流し、Ｎ２１０
０％の雰囲気に切り変え、１１００°Ｃで焼成メタライ
ズを行なう。その後冷却し、３００℃になったらエア雰
囲気に戻しても良い。ここまでの工程が完了すると、中
継リード８ｂは、白金ペースト２４を介して、外側電極
２２とメタライズ接合される。中継リード８ａと内側電
極とのメタライズ接合も全く同様にして、同時に行なわ
れる。これらのメタライズ接合強度は、 １ｋｇｆ／ｓ
＋２以下で弱い為、引張強度を４ｋｇｆ／ｒｔｒｎ２程
度に向上させることと、メタライズ部の腐食防止を目的
として、次の工程としてガラス封着を行なう。これを行
なうには、リー１〜固定用カーボン治具を取外し、封着
用ガラスペースト、あるいはタブレット状に成形したガ
ラスを凹部上部の空隙部に充填する。封着用ガラスとし
ては種々考えられるが、−例として日本電気硝子製ＧＡ
−１２等がある。ガラスを充填後、再度リード固定用カ
ーボン治具をセットし、焼成用電気炉に入れる。電気炉
中で６５０℃にて焼成し封着する。炉内雰囲気は、白金
ペースト焼付は時と同様、３００℃以上ではＮ２雰囲気
に切換える。FIG. 2 shows the detailed structure of the signal extraction section (section A in FIG. 1) according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of its manufacturing method. A lead bonding method for the signal extraction section will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. A zirconia electrolyte having two recesses on the open end surface of a bag tube type element is prepared. (The recesses can be easily formed by providing a protrusion on the press jig during rubber pressing.) Porous electrodes are formed by chemically plating platinum on the inner and outer surfaces of this zirconia amine solute. At this time, it extends to the opening end surface of the bag tube to form an inner electrode 21 and an outer electrode 22. Next, in order to fix the element, the element is set in a carbon jig, which is a heat-resistant material and is easy to process. In this state, the concave portion is filled with platinum paste 24. The platinum paste containing about 10 to 30% of glass component was used, and the filling amount was about 1/2 of the depth of the recess. Next, a relay lead 8b made of soft Ni wire with a nail-shaped head and a wire diameter of 0.8 m is inserted into the platinum paste 24 in the state shown in FIG. 2, and brought into contact with the element outer electrode 22. Place it in a state where it is possible. Next, a carbon jig for fixing the lead to prevent the relay lead from falling is set, and the carbon jig for fixing the element is placed in an electric furnace for metallization. The firing atmosphere is initially an air atmosphere to help burn out the organic components contained in the platinum paste. When the temperature exceeds 300℃, N2 gas is supplied to prevent the Ni wire from oxidizing, and N210
The atmosphere is changed to 0%, and firing metallization is performed at 1100°C. Thereafter, it may be cooled and returned to the air atmosphere when the temperature reaches 300°C. When the steps up to this point are completed, the relay lead 8b is metallized and bonded to the outer electrode 22 via the platinum paste 24. The metallization bonding between the relay lead 8a and the inner electrode is also performed simultaneously in exactly the same manner. The strength of these metallized joints is 1kgf/s
Since it is weak at +2 or less, glass sealing is performed as the next step in order to improve the tensile strength to about 4 kgf/rtrn2 and to prevent corrosion of the metallized part. To do this, remove the fixing carbon jig from Lee 1 and fill the gap above the recess with sealing glass paste or tablet-shaped glass. Various types of sealing glass are possible, but an example is GA manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass.
-12 mag. After filling with glass, set the carbon jig for fixing the lead again and place it in the electric furnace for firing. It is fired and sealed at 650°C in an electric furnace. As with platinum paste baking, the atmosphere in the furnace is switched to N2 at temperatures above 300°C.
以上により、検出素子内・外電極への信号取出し用中継
リードの接合が完了する。With the above steps, the connection of the relay lead for signal extraction to the inner and outer electrodes of the detection element is completed.
他の実施例としては、白金ペーストの代りに銀／パラジ
ウムペースト、銀糸ペースト、金糸ペースト等貴金属ペ
ーストの使用が可能であり、この場合はメタライズ接合
する温度を各ペーストに適したものとする必要がある。As another example, it is possible to use noble metal pastes such as silver/palladium paste, silver thread paste, gold thread paste, etc. instead of platinum paste, and in this case, the temperature for metallization bonding needs to be appropriate for each paste. be.
また、中継リードの素子電極面と接する部分に、白金ハ
ク等をメタライズ前にあらかじめ溶接等で接合しておく
と、信号取出し部の信頼性が更に向上される。Furthermore, if platinum foil or the like is welded or the like before metallization to the portion of the relay lead in contact with the element electrode surface, the reliability of the signal extraction portion is further improved.
本発明によれば、空燃比センサ検出素子からの信号取出
し用金属部材を圧接から接合に変更できるので、大気導
入孔より浸入する塩水、水分等による信号取出し部の腐
食が防止され、リッチ領域空燃比を高信頼性を持って測
定出来る効果がある。According to the present invention, since the metal member for extracting the signal from the air-fuel ratio sensor detection element can be changed from pressure welding to bonding, corrosion of the signal extracting part due to salt water, moisture, etc. that enters from the air intake hole is prevented, and the rich region air This has the effect of being able to measure the fuel ratio with high reliability.
第１図は本発明の空燃比センサ全体構造図、第２図は本
発明の信号取出し部構造図、第３図は信号取出し部の製
法を示す図である。
３・・・皿バネ、６・・・ガイトウ、７・・・大気導入
孔、８ａ、８ｂ・・・中継リード、９・・・封着ガラス
、１１・・・ヒータフランジ、１３・・・検出素子、１
４・・・栓体、１６・・・セラミックヒータ、２１・・
・内側電極、２２・・・外側電極、２３・・・ジルコニ
ア電解質、２４・・・白第１ 広
第２ のFIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall structure of the air-fuel ratio sensor of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the signal extraction section of the invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the manufacturing method of the signal extraction section. 3... Belleville spring, 6... Gaitou, 7... Atmospheric introduction hole, 8a, 8b... Relay lead, 9... Sealing glass, 11... Heater flange, 13... Detection Motoko, 1
4... Plug body, 16... Ceramic heater, 21...
・Inner electrode, 22... Outer electrode, 23... Zirconia electrolyte, 24... White first wide second
Claims (1)
極を設け、更に、外側電極の上に拡散抵抗体を設けた検
出素子を有する限界電流方式空燃比センサの検出素子か
らの信号取出し構造において、素子開口端面に凹部を設
け、該凹部にまで内外電極を形成し、信号取出し用金属
部材を凹部内で貴金属ペーストで焼付けそれぞれ内・外
電極にメタライズ接合し、更に封着ガラスでコーティン
グしたことを特徴とする空燃比センサの信号取出し構造
。 ２、請求項１項記載の信号取出し用金属部材において、
素子電極と接する面に貴金属ハクを溶接したことを特徴
とする空燃比センサの信号取出し構造。[Claims] 1. From a detection element of a limiting current type air-fuel ratio sensor having a detection element in which platinum porous electrodes are provided on the inner and outer surfaces of a bag-tubular zirconia solid electrolyte, and a diffusion resistor is further provided on the outer electrode. In the signal extraction structure, a recess is provided on the element opening end surface, inner and outer electrodes are formed in the recess, and a metal member for signal extraction is baked in the recess with noble metal paste to metallize and bond to the inner and outer electrodes, respectively, and then sealed. A signal extraction structure for an air-fuel ratio sensor characterized by being coated with glass. 2. The metal member for signal extraction according to claim 1,
A signal extraction structure for an air-fuel ratio sensor characterized by welding a precious metal layer to the surface in contact with the element electrode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63082976A JP2590195B2 (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Signal extraction structure of air-fuel ratio sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63082976A JP2590195B2 (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Signal extraction structure of air-fuel ratio sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01257256A true JPH01257256A (en) | 1989-10-13 |
| JP2590195B2 JP2590195B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
Family
ID=13789247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63082976A Expired - Fee Related JP2590195B2 (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Signal extraction structure of air-fuel ratio sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2590195B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4828541A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1989-05-09 | Madsen Niels F | Decanter centrifuge |
| JP2008070381A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2008-03-27 | Denso Corp | Gas sensor and manufacturing method for it |
| US7569792B2 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2009-08-04 | Denso Corporation | Compact structure of gas sensor and production method thereof |
| JP2014055859A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Gas sensor element and gas sensor |
-
1988
- 1988-04-06 JP JP63082976A patent/JP2590195B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4828541A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1989-05-09 | Madsen Niels F | Decanter centrifuge |
| JP2008070381A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2008-03-27 | Denso Corp | Gas sensor and manufacturing method for it |
| US7569792B2 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2009-08-04 | Denso Corporation | Compact structure of gas sensor and production method thereof |
| JP2014055859A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Gas sensor element and gas sensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2590195B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
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