JPH01247262A - Running device of air cushioned vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide possibility of sharp turning even running on waters or the like by providing the hull under it with skis each equipped with a damping mechanism and an edging mechanism. CONSTITUTION:Skis 1 are furnished at the bottom sides of the hull of an air cushion type craft (ACV), wherein each member of the skis is mounted swingably with a pin on a support 15 through a leaf spring 4, a shock absorber 5, etc. The skis 1 are extended so a to be situated blow a skirt 14, which is arranged at the periphery of the hull bottom and swollen with pressure air so that they 1 are in contact with the pressure receiving surface 16 always during running. Each member of skis 1 is equipped with an edgfing mechanism such as a skeg 3 in the form of a plate-shaped projection mounted perpendicularly to the bottom surface of the central part. When the AVC turns while running on waters or the like, these edging mechanism such as skeg 3 submerges under water, and a sharp turning is made practicable without slide in the advancing direction by changing the heading of these edging mechanisms.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention applies pressure air discharged from an engine-driven propeller attached to a boat hull to the ground, water surface,
Air cushion-type vehicles (hereinafter referred to as ACV) that fly on the ground, water, ice, snow, swamps, etc. by blowing air onto the ice or snow surface (hereinafter referred to as pressure receiving surface).
).

[Conventional technology]

FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an ACV as the most common conventional example, and FIG. 12 is a-ail! of FIG. 11. ! It is a Fi plane view. In this ACV, when the boat makes a turn while surfacing, the operator of the ACV first moves his/her body position within the boat to the side to which he/she wishes to make the turn.For example, in Fig. 12, the ACV is turned to the port side When attempting to turn the boat, the operator 53 moves his body to a position on the port side inside the boat. As a result, the center of gravity of the entire boat body moves to the position w, and the boat body 51 leans to the port side. Accordingly, the gap between the skirt 56 disposed at the lower part of the hull 51 and the pressure receiving surface 57 at the lower part of the hull is narrower on the port side of the hull and wider on the starboard side. Pressure air discharged from the engine-driven propeller 54 flows into the duct 5 into a pressure chamber 58 formed by the lower part of the hull 51 and a skirt 56 disposed around the hull periphery.
5, and this pressurized air is discharged to the outside from the wide gap formed mainly between the skirt on the starboard side of the lower hull and the pressure receiving surface, causing the hull to move in the port direction. A thrust is generated and the hull begins to move toward the port side. At the same time, by operating the rudder 52 provided at the rear of the hull to the port side, the ACV starts turning to the port side.

Next, as another example, a vehicle using an air cushion or the like described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-108713 will be described. FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the vehicle, and FIGS. 14 and 15 are explanatory diagrams showing the tilted state of the vehicle. In FIGS. 13 to 15, 51 is the hull, 59 is an intake port for air for surfacing the hull, 58 is a pressure chamber, 57 is a pressure receiving surface,
60 is an air exhaust port for floating the hull, 61 is an opening/closing adjustment plate, 5
4 is a propeller, and 56 is a skirt. Pressurized air for surfacing the hull, which is sucked in from the intake port 59 and pressurized by the propeller 54, is sent into the pressure chamber 58, and is sent to the outside through the gap formed between the skirt 56 and the pressure-receiving surface 57 at the lower periphery of the hull. It is discharged. The pressure chamber 58 is disposed asymmetrically in the longitudinal direction of the hull 51, so that the pressure chamber 58
When the pressurized air sent to the hull 51 is discharged to the outside at the lower periphery of the hull, a fluid resistance difference occurs in the pressure air between the front and rear parts of the hull 51, and the amount of discharged air becomes uneven, resulting in a lower resistance side. A lot of it flows to. Pressure air exhaust port 60 on the low resistance side
An opening/closing adjusting plate 61 is installed at the outlet of the exhaust port 60 on the port and starboard sides of the boat body in a state that the left and right sides can be driven independently.

When the hull 51 is floating, when the opening/closing adjustment plate 61 on the port side of the hull is pulled up and the opening/closing adjustment plate 61 on the starboard side of the hull is lowered, the pressure air in the lower part of the hull is mainly transferred to the port side of the hull 51.
The starboard side is mainly discharged from the front of the hull 51. As a result, the hull leans forward on the port side, as shown in FIG. 14, and on the starboard side, as shown in FIG. 15. At this time, the largest amount of pressurized air is discharged on the low resistance side at the rear of the port side, so the buoyancy force acting on the hull 51 acts largely on the port side, and as a result, the hull 51 tilts to the starboard side and , a thrust is generated in the starboard direction. This operation and the normal turning equipment of an air cushion type vehicle! Rapid turns are possible by using the rudder.

In this way, the above-mentioned conventional ACV was also able to travel straight or turn.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

All of the conventional ACVs mentioned above have good straight-line performance or turning performance on flat snow surfaces, but the hull always receives pressure from pressurized air that is sent between the hull and the pressure-receiving surface. Because the ACV floats away from the surface and has no mechanical connection mechanism between the ACV and the pressure-receiving surface, the ACV travels on the slope at a certain angle with the direction of the slope. At the same time, the ACV always tilts downward on the slope and slides down, which impairs course keeping.In addition, especially when the ACV turns on the slope, the ACV tilts downward and slides down the slope, causing rapid movement. Moreover, it had the problem of making it difficult to turn smoothly. Also, when the ACV makes a turn while driving on a flat pressure-receiving surface, such as on water or marsh,
The problem was that it skidded significantly in the direction of travel, making it difficult to make rapid turns.

[Failure to solve the problem]

Means for solving the above problem is as set forth in the above claims, by blowing pressurized air discharged from an engine-driven propeller attached to the hull onto a pressure receiving surface at the bottom of the hull to cause the hull to float. This is a traveling device for an air cushion type vehicle, which is equipped with a buffer mechanism and skis equipped with an edging mechanism in the lower part of the hull.

[For production]

ACV's lIl! One or more skis are disposed on both sides, the center, or both sides and the center of the wooden bottom. Skiing is #! ! The shock absorber is housed in the bottom of the boat via a shock absorber, and the shock absorber has a structure that absorbs impact forces in the vertical or longitudinal directions against the boat. The skis are housed so as to be located below a skirt inflated by pressurized air disposed around the lower periphery of the hull, so that the skis are always in contact with the pressure receiving surface while the ACV is running.

The ski has an edging mechanism oval, such as a plate-shaped protrusion (hereinafter referred to as a sugerag), which is housed in the center of the bottom surface in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface.

For example, when the ACV travels on a snowy slope at a certain angle to the slope direction, the edging mechanism such as the sedge lug is immersed in the snow by bringing the sedge ski into contact with the snow surface. As a result, the ACV is able to maintain its course according to the horizontal direction of the edging R without sliding down in the direction of the slope, and when turning the ACV, by changing the direction of the ski, the edging mechanism can also be operated in the snow. It becomes possible to change its direction, and accordingly, the ACV can quickly change its direction without sliding down in the direction of inclination. In addition, when the ACV turns while traveling on water or marshes, the edging mechanism such as the Sugerag is immersed in the water or swamp, and by changing the direction of the edging RM, the ACV slides greatly in the direction of travel. This makes it possible to make rapid turns without having to swerve.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figures 1 to 10 are examples of the ACV traveling device based on the present invention, in which Figure 1 is a plan view of a tie rod type control device, Figure 2 is a side view of the control device in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a side view of the control device of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram of a spring mechanism that uses a combination of leaf springs and shock absorbers, Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram of a spring mechanism that uses only coil springs, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a spring mechanism that uses only a coil spring. A partial side view of a traveling device that utilizes the cushion pressure of a skirt inflated by pressurized air as a buffer for external forces acting on skis, FIG. 7 is a perspective external view of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of a brake device. Figures 9-10 are cross-sectional views of the ski showing various etching mechanisms. In Figures 1 to 10, ■ is a ski, 2 is a sharp knife, 3 is a sedge lug, 4 is a leaf spring, 5 is a shock absorber, 6 is a steering relay rod, 7 is a tie rod, 8 is a handle, 9 is the inside lever, 10 is the ball joint, 11 is the hull, 1
2 is a coil spring, 13 is a rod, 14 is a skirt, 15 is a support part, 16 is a pressure receiving surface, 17 is a wire, 18 is a brake lever, 19 is a connecting rod, 20 is a brake plate, 21 is a pawl, 22 is a rudder. be. Hereinafter, an explanation will be given taking as an example a case where an ACV equipped with a traveling device according to the present invention travels on snow.

First, for the ACV trying to drive on the snow surface, the ACV
Depending on the size of the boat, one or more skis 1 are disposed on both sides, the center, or both sides and the center of the bottom of the boat body 11. The bottom of the ski 1 is formed by forming sharp blades on both sides of the bottom as shown in FIG. 9, or by a plate housed in the center of the bottom of the ski 1 in a direction perpendicular to the bottom as shown in FIG. An etching mechanism such as a sedge lug 3 having a shape of a protrusion is formed. The skis 1 and the hull 11 are the fourth to
As shown in FIG. Both are always attached, but if the skis 1 are retractably stored in the ACV main body, the bottom surface of the skis 1 is disposed on the lower periphery of the hull 11. It is extended until it reaches a position below the skirt 14 inflated with pressurized air, so that the ACV is always in contact with the ski 1 or the pressure receiving surface 16 during running. Since each ski 1 is independently housed in the hull 11 via the buffer mechanism described above, even if the pressure receiving surface 16 has a complicated shape, the vertical direction or ACV that acts on the ski 1 The ski 1 always contacts the pressure-receiving surface 16, and the edging l11 such as the scalage 3 formed at the bottom of the ski 1 absorbs the impact in the longitudinal direction of the ski 1 and prevents the impact force from being transmitted to the hull 11.
4'M or immersed in the snow. When changing the direction of the hull 11 while the ACV is running on snow, the handlebar 8 is operated in the turning direction from the driver's seat.

The operation of the handle 8 is transmitted to the steering relay rod 6 via the inside lever 9 and the ball joint 10, or only via the inside lever 9. The operation of the steering relay rod 6 is transmitted to the ski 1 on one side and to the other ski 1 by a tie rod 7 connected to the steering relay rod 6, or directly to the skis 1 on both sides by the steering relay rod 6. transmitted. 1 ski for each 1 ski
An edging mechanism is formed over the entire length of the edging mechanism, and the edging mechanism is always immersed in the snow.
The ACV runs according to the direction of the edging mechanism, and the ACV
Even when the vehicle is traveling on a snow-covered slope at a certain angle to the direction of the slope, it is possible to keep the course well without slipping down in the direction of the slope.

4 and 5 show an example of a shock absorber according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows a leaf spring 4 and a shock absorber 5.
This is an example of an M-gauge device in which the M-gauge force in the vertical direction is absorbed by the leaf spring 4, and the 8'j9 force in the longitudinal direction is absorbed by the shock absorber 5. FIG. 5 shows a swing arm shock absorber which elastically supports a rod 13 with a coil spring 12 and has the function of absorbing impact forces in the vertical and longitudinal directions.

Figures 6 and 7 show the structure of an ACV that uses the cushioning pressure of the skirt to absorb the WI impact force. The ski 1 is rotatably supported by a pin on a support part 15. A plate-shaped scalar 3 is formed on the bottom surface of the ski 1 in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface at the center of the bottom surface of the ski 1 over almost the entire length. When the ACV runs on the snowy surface, the ski 1 is pressed against the snowy surface along the outer periphery of the skirt 14, and the Sugerag 3 is immersed in the snow. When attempting to change the direction of the hull 11, the handle 8 is operated in the turning direction from the cockpit. The operation of the handle 8 is transmitted to the upper end of the ski 1 via the wire 17, and the ski 1 turns in the turning direction using the rotatable support 15 as a fulcrum. A sedge lug 3 is formed on the bottom of the ski 1, and by changing the direction in the snow along with the movement of the ski 1, the hull 11 also changes its direction accordingly.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the operation of the brake system W of an ACV equipped with the snow traveling device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 8, by pulling the brake lever 18 rearward in the cockpit, the boat body 11 is connected via the connecting rod 19.
The brake plate 20 stored in the lower part of the bottom moves downward, and the pawl 21 housed at the tip of the brake plate 20 plunges into the snow, and its resistance acts as a braking force for the hull 11. This reduces the forward force of the hull 11.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above embodiments, the present invention provides skis equipped with an M street mechanism and an edging mechanism in the lower part of the hull of an ACV that runs on snow, so that the ACV can tilt slopes in snowy conditions. Even when driving at a certain angle to the direction, it is possible to maintain good course without sliding down a slope, and the ACV can also travel on a flat pressure-receiving surface, such as over water, a swamp, or Even when turning on a snowy surface, unlike conventional ACVs, the ACV does not skid significantly in the direction of travel, and when turning on a slope, it does not slide down in the direction of the slope, which works in conjunction with the action of the rudder. This has the effect of making it possible to quickly change its direction.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 10 show embodiments of the present invention, with Figure 1 being a plan view of a tie rod type control device, Figure 2 being a side view of the control device shown in Figure 1, and Figure 3 being a relay rod only type control device. Figure 4 is a perspective external view of the control device of the Suzu Ring 8!, which uses both a leaf spring and a shock absorber. Horizontal conceptual diagram, 5th
The figure is a conceptual diagram of a spring mechanism using only coil springs, Figure 6 is a partial side view of a snow traveling device that uses the cushion pressure of a skirt inflated by pressurized air as a 1!11 device to apply an external force to skis, and Figure 7 The figure is a perspective external view of Fig. 6, Fig. 8 is a conceptual diagram of the brake device, and Fig. 9-
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a ski showing various edging RIMs. 11 to 15 are examples of the prior art. 1...Ski, 2...Sharp knife-like edge, 3...
Sugerag, 4... Leaf spring, 5... Shock absorber, 6... Steering relay rod, 7
...Tie rod, 8...Handle, 9...Inside lever, 10...Ball joint, 11...
Hull, 12... Coil spring, 13... Rod, 14... Skirt, 15... Support part, 16...
Pressure receiving surface, 17... Wire, 18... Brake lever, 19... Connection rod, 20... Brake plate, 21
... Pawl, 22 ... Rudder, 51 ... Hull, 52
... Rudder, 53 ... Operator, 54 ... Propeller, 55 ... Duct, 56 ... Skirt, 57 ...
Pressure receiving surface, 58...pressure chamber, 59...intake port, 60.
...Exhaust port, 61...Opening/closing adjustment plate.

Claims (1)

[Claims] An air cushion-type vehicle that floats by blowing pressurized air discharged from an engine-driven propeller attached to the hull onto a pressure-receiving surface at the bottom of the hull, and is equipped with a buffer mechanism and an edging mechanism at the bottom of the hull. An air cushion type vehicle traveling device characterized by comprising: