JPH0122581B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0122581B2 JPH0122581B2 JP5799184A JP5799184A JPH0122581B2 JP H0122581 B2 JPH0122581 B2 JP H0122581B2 JP 5799184 A JP5799184 A JP 5799184A JP 5799184 A JP5799184 A JP 5799184A JP H0122581 B2 JPH0122581 B2 JP H0122581B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fruits
- vegetables
- ethylene gas
- reagent
- quality
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009467 Carica papaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000951471 Citrus junos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006497 Dianthus caryophyllus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009355 Dianthus caryophyllus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000109329 Rosa xanthina Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021018 plums Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/025—Fruits or vegetables
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Description
本発明は、生育中の青果物又は収穫後の青果物
の品質を判定する方法に関し、更に詳しくは、青
果物の発生するエチレンガスを経時的に検知する
ことにより、その熟度を判定する方法に関するも
のである。
青果物のクリマテリツクと呼ばれる後熟が始ま
ると、青果物内部で急激にエチレンガス濃度が上
昇することが知られている。例えば、農産物流通
技術研究会発行「農産物流通技術研究会報」第５
巻第12号（昭和58年12月１日発行）第55頁には、
アボガドのクリマテリツク前のエチレンガス濃度
が0.04ppm、クリマテリツク開始後が0.75ppm、
バナナのクリマテリツク前が0.1ppmのクリマテ
リツク開始後が1.5ppm、マスクメロンのクリマ
テリツク前が0.04ppm、クリマテリツク開始後が
3.0ppm、トマトのクリマテリツク前が0.08ppm、
クリマテリツク開始後が0.8ppmであることが報
告されている。
このようなエチレンガス濃度の急激な上昇を、
反応試薬を使用して簡便に検知し、以つて青果物
の熟度を判定しようという試みは、例えば、特開
昭58−52561号公報に紹介されている。この方法
は、反応試薬を紙やロ紙に浸透させた検知紙を青
果物表面に貼着したり、同封したりすることによ
りその熟度を判定するものであるが、この方法で
は、後述する比較例から明らかなように、
100ppm以上のエチレンガス濃度を判定すること
が限界であつて、上述したクリマテリツクの開始
を検知することはできなかつた。
また、同様の試みには、北川式ガス検知管が知
られているが、これは特開昭58−52561号公報中
でも指摘されているように、数百c.c.の空気をポン
プを用いて流すことが必要で、簡便とはいえず、
また生育中の青果物表皮から発生するガスの連続
的な検知は事実上不可能である。
そこで、本発明は、10.0ppm以下、例えば
1.0ppmのエチレンガス濃度を検知することが可
能で、しかも簡便にその検知が連続的（経時的）
に可能な青果物の品質判定方法を提供することを
目的とする。
すなわち、本発明はエチレンガスと呈色反応す
る試薬を、無機又は有機粒状担体表面にコートし
た粒状エチレン検知剤を通気性包材で包装した包
装体を、青果物表面に付着するか、又は青果物貯
蔵雰囲気内に併置して、青果物表皮から発生する
エチレンガスを経時的に検知することにより、青
果物の熟度を判定することを特徴とする青果物の
品質判定方法である。
本発明において、無機又は有機粒状担体として
は、酸及びアルカリに対して耐性があり、粒状を
呈していれば使用できるが、更に吸着性を有する
多孔質であれば更に好ましい。このような多孔質
の粒状担体としては、ケイソウ土、軽石、シリカ
ゲル、アルミナ、陶器や磁器の破砕品などがあ
る。また多孔質ではないが、ポリエチレン、ポリ
プロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリス
チレン、ポリ塩化ビニル等のプラスチツク粒子も
使用可能である。
また、この粒状担体の粒径は、60〜80メツシユ
であることが好ましいが、10〜150メツシユの範
囲であれば使用できる。しかし、10メツシユ以下
であると、エチレンガスの拡散に必要な空隙は十
分であるが、このガスと試薬との接触面積（およ
そ担体の表面積に等しい）が低下して、検知感度
が低下し、150メツシユ以上では空隙率が低下し
てエチレンガスの拡散が妨げられ、いずれの場合
も検知感度の低下が生じる。
また、エチレンガスと呈色反応する試薬として
は、硫酸パラジウム触媒を含むモリブデン酸アン
モニウム酸性水溶液が使用でき、これを酸性水溶
液とするためには濃硫酸を混合すると良い。この
試薬がエチレンガスと呈色反応する際の反応式は
以下の通りである。
３（NH4）2O・7MoO3→Mo2O3・3MoO3・6H2O
（モリブデン酸アンモニウム）（モリブデン青）
なお、モリブデン酸アンモニウムは白色、モリ
ブデン青は青色であるが、試薬中の残存硫酸根に
よつて吸湿すると失活すると共に、青果物表面を
汚染する。この汚染は、担体表面にコートするこ
とで防ぐことができる。
この試薬を担体表面にコートする方法には、流
動槽方式、高速撹拌方式、あるいは試薬中に担体
を浸漬する方式等があるが、いずれの場合もコー
トした後に十分乾燥することが必要である。
こうして、表面に試薬をコートした粒状担体か
ら成る検知剤は通気性包材で包装される。この包
装形態の例は、図面の第１図〜第３図に示す通り
で、第１図ａ，ｂは透明な通気性包材２で検知剤
４を三方シールして成る包装体の平面図と断面
図、第２図ａ，ｂは通気性包材２′と透明なシー
ト素材３により四方シールして成る包装体の平面
図と断面図、第３図ａ，ｂは透明なトレー５中に
検知剤４を収容した後、通気性包材２′のフタで
シールして成る包装体の平面図と断面図である。
なお、第３図ａ、第２図ａ、第３図ａにおいて、
斜線部１はヒートシール部分を示している。
ここで、通気性包材２，２′としては、布、紙、
不織布、有孔プラスチツクフイルムあるいはこれ
らの積層シートが使用でき、通気度はガレー式通
気度計で0.1秒〜数万秒／100c.c.程度必要である。
また透明なシート素材３及び透明なトレー５と
しては合成樹脂が使用でき、ポリエチレン、ポリ
プロピレン、あるいは通気性包材２′と接触する
部分にシール剤の塗布されたセロハン、ポリスチ
レン、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリアミ
ド、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、ポリアセ
タール、ポリフエノールあるいはこれらの積層体
が使用できる。なお、通気性包材２′とのシール
は、ヒートシール、超音波シール等、適当な方法
でシールできる。
この検知剤は、接着テープや粘着剤を使用して
青果物表面に貼着して使用したり、青果物と共に
プラスチツクフイルムから成る袋中に同封してそ
の貯蔵雰囲気内に併置することによつて使用され
る。
青果物としては、クリマテリツク時にエチレン
ガス濃度が増加するものが適当であり、果物類と
しては、もも、すもも、メロン、ブドウ、なし、
かき、りんご、アボガド、みかん、キウイフルー
ツ、スダチ、パパイヤ等があり、野菜類としては
たけのこ、アスパラガス、ほうれん草、ブロツコ
リー、ゆず、スイートコーン、サヤエンドウ等が
ある。また、カーネーシヨン、バラ、ラン等の切
花類にも適用でき、本発明はこれらの切花類をも
「青果物」に含むものである。
本発明は以上のようなものであり、試薬を粒状
担体表面にコートした検知剤を包装した包材を用
いているため、10.0ppm以下、例えば1.0ppmの
エチレンガス濃度を検知することができ、しかも
経時的（連続的）にその濃度を簡単に検知するこ
とができるので、青果物のクリマテリツクを逃す
ことなく検知することができる。
以下、実施例及び比較例により本発明を説明す
る。
実施例１及び比較例
(イ) モリブデン酸アンモニウム228ｇを４の水
に溶解したモリブデン酸アンモニウム水溶液
225mlと、1.0ｇの硫酸パラウムを濃度95.0％の
濃硫酸100mlに溶解した硫酸パラジウム濃硫酸
水溶液225mlと、水400mlを混合して、試薬とし
た。
(ロ) この試薬中に径2.5cmのガラス繊維製ロ紙を
２〜３秒浸漬し、真空乾燥して、比較用サンプ
ル(A)とした。
(ハ) また、硫動槽造粒装置を用いて、(イ)の試薬
を、精製した60〜80メツシユの白色シリカゲル
表面に、固型分比0.01％コーテイングし、真空
乾燥して本発明の検知剤（淡黄色）とした。
これを、第２図に示すように、白色のポリプ
ロピレン−ポリエステル系不織布（帝人(株)製、
メルフイツト）と透明な延伸ポリエステルと無
延伸ポリプロピレンの積層フイルムで四方シー
ルして、包装体(B)とした。内容物の検知剤は
0.5ｇであり、メルフイツトの通気度はガレー
式通気度計で0.1〜0.2秒／100c.c.程度であつた。
(ニ) 次いで、上記(ロ)の比較用サンプル(A)及び(ハ)
の
包装体(B)を、それぞれ104ppm、103ppm、
102ppm、1ppmのエチレンガス濃度雰囲気中に
入れ、保存して、その色変化を調べた。その結
果は、第１表の通りである。
The present invention relates to a method for determining the quality of growing fruits and vegetables or harvested fruits and vegetables, and more specifically, to a method of determining the ripeness of fruits and vegetables by detecting ethylene gas generated by the fruits and vegetables over time. be. It is known that when fruits and vegetables undergo after-ripening, called climatology, the concentration of ethylene gas inside the fruits and vegetables increases rapidly. For example, "Agricultural Products Distribution Technology Research Bulletin" published by the Agricultural Products Distribution Technology Research Group, Vol.
Volume No. 12 (issued December 1, 1982), page 55,
Ethylene gas concentration before avocado climatology is 0.04ppm, and after climatology starts it is 0.75ppm.
Banana before climatology is 0.1ppm, after climatelik starts it is 1.5ppm, cantaloupe before climateryc is 0.04ppm, and after climatelik starts it is 1.5ppm.
3.0ppm, 0.08ppm before tomato climatology,
It has been reported that the concentration is 0.8 ppm after the start of climatology. This rapid increase in ethylene gas concentration is
An attempt to easily detect and determine the ripeness of fruits and vegetables using a reaction reagent has been introduced, for example, in JP-A-58-52561. In this method, the ripeness of fruits and vegetables is determined by pasting or enclosing a detection paper in which a reaction reagent has been impregnated onto the surface of fruits and vegetables. As is clear from the example,
The limit was to determine an ethylene gas concentration of 100 ppm or more, and it was not possible to detect the onset of the climatology described above. In addition, a similar attempt has been made to the Kitagawa gas detection tube, but as pointed out in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 58-52561, this method uses a pump to flow several hundred cc of air. is required, and it is not easy to use.
Furthermore, continuous detection of gases generated from the skin of growing fruits and vegetables is virtually impossible. Therefore, the present invention provides 10.0 ppm or less, e.g.
Ethylene gas concentration of 1.0ppm can be detected easily and continuously (over time)
The purpose of this study is to provide a method for determining the quality of fruits and vegetables. That is, the present invention provides a package in which a particulate ethylene detection agent coated on the surface of an inorganic or organic particulate carrier with a reagent that reacts with ethylene gas to form a color is attached to the surface of fruits and vegetables, or is used to store fruits and vegetables. This is a method for determining the quality of fruits and vegetables, which is characterized in that the degree of ripeness of fruits and vegetables is determined by placing the present invention in an atmosphere and detecting ethylene gas generated from the skin of fruits and vegetables over time. In the present invention, the inorganic or organic particulate carrier can be used as long as it is resistant to acids and alkalis and has a granular shape, but it is more preferable if it is porous and has adsorption properties. Such porous granular carriers include diatomaceous earth, pumice, silica gel, alumina, and crushed ceramics and porcelain. Although non-porous, plastic particles such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. can also be used. Further, the particle size of this granular carrier is preferably 60 to 80 mesh, but it can be used as long as it is in the range of 10 to 150 mesh. However, if it is less than 10 meshes, although there are sufficient voids for the diffusion of ethylene gas, the contact area between this gas and the reagent (approximately equal to the surface area of the carrier) decreases, and the detection sensitivity decreases. When the mesh size is 150 or more, the porosity decreases and diffusion of ethylene gas is hindered, and in either case, detection sensitivity decreases. Further, as a reagent that undergoes a color reaction with ethylene gas, an acidic aqueous solution of ammonium molybdate containing a palladium sulfate catalyst can be used, and in order to make this an acidic aqueous solution, it is preferable to mix it with concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction formula when this reagent undergoes a color reaction with ethylene gas is as follows. 3(NH 4 ) 2 O・7MoO 3 →Mo 2 O 3・3MoO 3・6H 2 O (Ammonium molybdate) (Molybdenum blue) Note that ammonium molybdate is white and molybdenum blue is blue, but the When residual sulfate roots absorb moisture, they become inactive and contaminate the surface of fruits and vegetables. This contamination can be prevented by coating the carrier surface. Methods for coating the surface of a carrier with this reagent include a fluidized bath method, a high-speed stirring method, and a method in which the carrier is immersed in the reagent, but in all cases, it is necessary to thoroughly dry the carrier after coating. In this way, a detection agent consisting of a particulate carrier whose surface is coated with a reagent is packaged with an air-permeable packaging material. Examples of this packaging form are shown in Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, and Figures 1a and 1b are plan views of a package formed by sealing the detection agent 4 on three sides with a transparent air-permeable packaging material 2. FIGS. 2a and 2b are plan views and sectional views of a package formed by sealing the air-permeable packaging material 2' and a transparent sheet material 3 on all sides, and FIGS. 3a and 3b are the inside of a transparent tray 5. FIG. 2 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a package formed by accommodating a detection agent 4 and sealing it with a lid of an air-permeable packaging material 2'.
In addition, in FIG. 3a, FIG. 2a, and FIG. 3a,
A shaded area 1 indicates a heat-sealed area. Here, the breathable packaging materials 2, 2' include cloth, paper,
Nonwoven fabric, perforated plastic film, or a laminated sheet of these can be used, and the air permeability should be about 0.1 seconds to several tens of thousands of seconds/100 c.c. using a Galley air permeability meter. In addition, synthetic resin can be used for the transparent sheet material 3 and the transparent tray 5, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or cellophane, polystyrene, polyester, or polyvinyl chloride coated with a sealant on the part that contacts the air-permeable packaging material 2'. , polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyacetal, polyphenol, or a laminate thereof. Note that sealing with the air-permeable packaging material 2' can be achieved by an appropriate method such as heat sealing or ultrasonic sealing. This detection agent is used by attaching it to the surface of fruits and vegetables using adhesive tape or adhesive, or by enclosing it together with fruits and vegetables in plastic film bags and placing them in the storage atmosphere. Ru. Appropriate fruits and vegetables are those whose ethylene gas concentration increases during climatology, such as peaches, plums, melons, grapes, pears,
There are oysters, apples, avocados, mandarin oranges, kiwi fruit, sudachi, papaya, etc., and vegetables include bamboo shoots, asparagus, spinach, broccoli, yuzu, sweet corn, snow peas, etc. It can also be applied to cut flowers such as carnations, roses, orchids, and the present invention includes these cut flowers as "fruits and vegetables." The present invention is as described above, and because it uses a packaging material in which a detection agent is packaged with a reagent coated on the surface of a granular carrier, it is possible to detect an ethylene gas concentration of 10.0 ppm or less, for example, 1.0 ppm. Moreover, since the concentration can be easily detected over time (continuously), it is possible to detect the climatology of fruits and vegetables without missing them. The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Example 1 and Comparative Example (a) Ammonium molybdate aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 228 g of ammonium molybdate in water from step 4.
A reagent was prepared by mixing 225 ml of palladium sulfate, 225 ml of a concentrated aqueous solution of palladium sulfate in which 1.0 g of palladium sulfate was dissolved in 100 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid with a concentration of 95.0%, and 400 ml of water. (b) A piece of glass fiber paper having a diameter of 2.5 cm was immersed in this reagent for 2 to 3 seconds and dried under vacuum to obtain a comparative sample (A). (c) Also, using a sulfur bath granulation device, the reagent of (a) was coated on the surface of purified white silica gel of 60 to 80 mesh with a solid content ratio of 0.01%, and dried in vacuum. It was used as a detection agent (light yellow). As shown in Figure 2, a white polypropylene-polyester nonwoven fabric (manufactured by Teijin Limited,
Melfit) was sealed on all sides with a laminated film of transparent stretched polyester and unstretched polypropylene to obtain a package (B). The detection agent for the contents is
The air permeability of Melfit was approximately 0.1 to 0.2 seconds/100 c.c. using a Galley air permeability meter. (d) Next, compare samples (A) and (c) of (b) above.
packaging (B) at 10 4 ppm, 10 3 ppm, respectively.
They were placed in an atmosphere with ethylene gas concentrations of 10 2 ppm and 1 ppm, stored, and their color changes were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
【表】
実施例 ２
前記実施例１及び比較例の(ハ)で作製した包装体
を、セロテープを用いて、不織面がメロンに接す
るように夕張メロンに圧着し、24時間放置してメ
ロンの熟度と検知剤の変色との相関性を調べた。
なお、メロンは表面果色から判断した熟度が、そ
れぞれ異なるメロンを使用した。この結果を第２
表に示す。[Table] Example 2 The package prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example (c) was crimped onto a Yubari melon using cellophane tape so that the non-woven surface was in contact with the melon, and the melon was left for 24 hours. We investigated the correlation between the ripeness of the leaves and the discoloration of the detection agent.
The melons used had different degrees of ripeness as determined from the surface color of the fruit. This result is the second
Shown in the table.
【表】
以上説明したように、本発明は10ppm以下のエ
チレンガス濃度を経時的（連続的に検知すること
ができ、また、青果物表面に圧着したり、貯蔵雰
囲気内に併置することが簡単に検知できるので、
青果物の品質、すなわち、熟度の検知に極めて有
効なものである。[Table] As explained above, the present invention can detect ethylene gas concentration of 10 ppm or less over time (continuously), and can be easily pressed onto the surface of fruits and vegetables or placed in a storage atmosphere. Since it can be detected,
It is extremely effective for detecting the quality of fruits and vegetables, that is, their ripeness.
図面はいずれも本発明の実施例を示し、第１図
ａ，ｂは三方シールによる包装体の平面図と断面
図、第２図ａ，ｂは四方シールによる包装体の平
面図と断面図、第３図ａ，ｂはトレーを用いた包
装体の平面図と断面図。
２，２′……通気性包材、３……透明シート素
材、４……検知剤、５……トレー。
The drawings all show embodiments of the present invention; FIGS. 1A and 1B are a plan view and a sectional view of a package with a three-sided seal; FIGS. 2A and B are a plan view and a sectional view of a package with a four-sided seal; Figures 3a and 3b are a plan view and a sectional view of a package using a tray. 2, 2'... Breathable packaging material, 3... Transparent sheet material, 4... Detecting agent, 5... Tray.
Claims (1)
は有機粒状担体表面にコートした粒状エチレン検
知剤を通気性包材で包装した包装体を、青果物表
面に付着するか、又は青果物貯蔵雰囲気内に併置
して、青果物表皮から発生するエチレンガスを経
時的に検知することにより、青果物の熟度を判定
することを特徴とする青果物の品質判定方法。 ２ エチレンガスと呈色反応する試薬が、硫酸パ
ラジウム触媒を含むモリブデン酸アンモニウム酸
性溶液であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の青果物の品質判定方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. A package in which a granular ethylene detection agent coated on the surface of an inorganic or organic granular carrier with a reagent that reacts with ethylene gas in color is wrapped in a breathable packaging material is attached to the surface of fruits and vegetables, or A method for determining the quality of fruits and vegetables, characterized in that the degree of ripeness of fruits and vegetables is determined by placing the apparatus in a fruit and vegetable storage atmosphere and detecting ethylene gas generated from the skin of fruits and vegetables over time. 2. The method for determining the quality of fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the reagent that undergoes a color reaction with ethylene gas is an acidic ammonium molybdate solution containing a palladium sulfate catalyst.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5799184A JPS60201252A (en) | 1984-03-26 | 1984-03-26 | Method for deciding quality of vegetable and fruit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5799184A JPS60201252A (en) | 1984-03-26 | 1984-03-26 | Method for deciding quality of vegetable and fruit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60201252A JPS60201252A (en) | 1985-10-11 |
| JPH0122581B2 true JPH0122581B2 (en) | 1989-04-27 |
Family
ID=13071470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5799184A Granted JPS60201252A (en) | 1984-03-26 | 1984-03-26 | Method for deciding quality of vegetable and fruit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60201252A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008082979A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-10 | Toppan Forms Co Ltd | Gas sensor |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01316649A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-12-21 | Sakata No Tane:Kk | Method and device for deciding content of horticulture crop |
| JPH02123976U (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1990-10-12 | ||
| JPH0778501B2 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1995-08-23 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | Judgment method for horticultural crops |
| JPH0769321B2 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1995-07-26 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | How to determine when to eat a garden crop |
| DE10341400A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-31 | Symrise Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for determining the concentration of acrylic acid C1-C8 ester in fuel gas |
| GB0522229D0 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2005-12-07 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Adsorption of volatile organic compounds derived from organic matter |
| JP2010243389A (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-28 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Unsaturated hydrocarbon gas detection element, measuring method, and measuring instrument |
| GB0911478D0 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2009-08-12 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Adsorption of volatile organic compounds derived from organic matter |
| CN109633104B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2021-09-07 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Preparation method of fruit solid reaction simulation carrier |
| CN111650190A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-09-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Detection label for detecting maturity of climacteric fruit and manufacturing method thereof |
-
1984
- 1984-03-26 JP JP5799184A patent/JPS60201252A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008082979A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-10 | Toppan Forms Co Ltd | Gas sensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60201252A (en) | 1985-10-11 |
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