JPH01201372A - Heat-generating water-based paint and heat-generating element using same - Google Patents
Heat-generating water-based paint and heat-generating element using sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01201372A JPH01201372A JP2484288A JP2484288A JPH01201372A JP H01201372 A JPH01201372 A JP H01201372A JP 2484288 A JP2484288 A JP 2484288A JP 2484288 A JP2484288 A JP 2484288A JP H01201372 A JPH01201372 A JP H01201372A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- water
- paint
- generating
- based paint
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は発熱性水系塗料と、発熱性水系塗料を用いた
発熱体に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a heat-generating water-based paint and a heating element using the heat-generating water-based paint.
（従来の技術）
従来、発熱性塗料は発熱材を配合した有機溶剤系の塗料
よりなる。(Prior Art) Conventionally, heat-generating paints consist of organic solvent-based paints containing a heat-generating material.
一方、導電性酸化亜鉛を配合し、塗膜に粉關の吸着や放
電（コロナ放電）を防止する導電性水系塗料が知られて
いる。On the other hand, conductive water-based paints are known that contain conductive zinc oxide to prevent powder adsorption and discharge (corona discharge) in the paint film.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
しかしながら、従来の発熱性塗料は有機溶剤系であるこ
とより、塗装作業において火気に対する危険性や、作業
者に対する悪影費、環境公害等の問題がある。そこで、
これらの問題のない発熱性塗料が望まれている。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, since conventional exothermic paints are based on organic solvents, there are problems such as the danger of fire during painting operations, negative impact costs on workers, and environmental pollution. Therefore,
A heat-generating paint that does not have these problems is desired.
一方、従来の導電性水系塗料は塗装を導電性となし、粉
塵の吸着防止及び放電防止をねらったものであり、発熱
効果は有しない。On the other hand, conventional conductive water-based paints are designed to make the coating conductive and to prevent dust adsorption and discharge, and do not have a heat generating effect.
そこで、本発明者は水系塗料に発熱性をもたせる研究に
おいて、良好な成果を（ｑて本発明を達成した。Therefore, the present inventor achieved good results in research on imparting heat-generating properties to water-based paints and achieved the present invention.
この発明の目的は、塗装作業において火気に対する危険
性や、作業者に対する不都合な問題点を解決することを
課題としたものであって、発熱性水系塗料を提供するこ
とにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a heat-generating water-based paint that solves the problems of danger to fire and inconvenience to workers during painting work.
また、この発明の他の目的は、塗装の際に：’ｉｉ記し
た危険性や不都合な問題点がなく、かつ用途に応じた形
状のものが製造し易い、発熱性水系塗１１を用いた発熱
体を提供することにある。Another object of the present invention is to use the exothermic water-based coating 11, which is free from the dangers and inconvenient problems described in ii and is easy to manufacture into shapes according to the intended use. The purpose is to provide a heating element.
（課題を解決するための手段）
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の塗料は、アクリル
系樹脂のエマルシコンと、発熱材を含有した水系塗料で
あって、通電により塗膜が発熱性を呈する構成の６のと
される。前記アクリル系樹脂のエマルションは通常の市
販品が使用可能である。発熱材はカーボン粉末あるいは
粒子、カーボンの短繊維、金属粉、磁性粉、炭化鉄粉等
が用いられる。発熱材の使用量は例えば樹脂分に対して
５０重量％であり、発熱材の種類あるいは発熱塗料の用
途等により定められる。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the paint of the present invention is a water-based paint containing an acrylic resin emulsicon and a heat-generating material, and the paint film exhibits heat-generating properties when energized. It is said to be 6 of the composition. As the emulsion of the acrylic resin, ordinary commercially available products can be used. As the heat generating material, carbon powder or particles, short carbon fibers, metal powder, magnetic powder, iron carbide powder, etc. are used. The amount of the exothermic material used is, for example, 50% by weight based on the resin content, and is determined depending on the type of the exothermic material or the use of the exothermic paint.
そして、本発明の発熱体は前記塗料を基体に塗布した構
造のものとされる。前記球体は、不織布、スレート板、
モルタル面、コンクリート面、木質面、金属板等の所定
形状のものが広く採用される。The heating element of the present invention has a structure in which the above-mentioned paint is applied to a base body. The sphere is made of a nonwoven fabric, a slate board,
Those with a predetermined shape such as mortar surface, concrete surface, wood surface, metal plate, etc. are widely adopted.
基体は発熱温度より耐熱性の大きいことが必要であり、
所望の発熱温度に耐え得る耐熱性のものが選択される。The base needs to have higher heat resistance than the exothermic temperature.
A heat resistant material that can withstand the desired exothermic temperature is selected.
基体が絶縁性の場合は発熱性の水系塗料がそのまま塗布
される。非絶縁性の球体の場合は絶縁性のプライマーを
塗布し絶縁層を形成した後に発熱性の水系塗料が塗布さ
れる。If the substrate is insulating, the heat-generating water-based paint is applied as is. In the case of non-insulating spheres, an insulating primer is applied to form an insulating layer, and then a heat-generating water-based paint is applied.
発熱性の水系塗ｘｉ ｔま発熱体の形態で使用される。Exothermic water-based coatings are used in the form of heating elements.
発熱体は所定の間隔に電極が配置され通電して所定の温
度に発熱させる。The heating element has electrodes arranged at predetermined intervals and is energized to generate heat to a predetermined temperature.
（作 用） 塗料には水系溶剤及び発熱材が配合されている。(for production) The paint contains a water-based solvent and a heat generating material.
水系溶剤は塗装後に揮敗し除去される。塗膜内の発熱材
は通電により発熱する。The water-based solvent evaporates and is removed after painting. The heat-generating material within the coating generates heat when energized.
発熱体は基材に発熱性水系塗料の塗膜が塗着されてなり
、通電により該塗膜が発熱する。The heating element has a coating film of a heat-generating water-based paint applied to a base material, and the coating film generates heat when electricity is applied.
（実施例１）
第１表に示す各配合原料の所定量を各々用意した。各配
合原料は適宜な混合手段により混合して発熱性の水系塗
料を得た。(Example 1) Predetermined amounts of each compounded raw material shown in Table 1 were prepared. Each compounded raw material was mixed by an appropriate mixing means to obtain a heat-generating water-based paint.
第 １ 表 （配合量の単位は
重量品である。）
得られた水系塗料は黒色の液状であり、通常の塗装手段
にて容易に塗布し得るものであった。Table 1 (The unit of blending amount is the weight product.) The obtained water-based paint was a black liquid and could be easily applied by ordinary painting means.
この水系塗料は、試験板に塗装して塗膜の発熱温度を測
定した。本例の試験板としては、長さ９０α、幅７．５
Ｃｔｎのスレート板を用い、この片面全体には絶縁性で
かつ塗料付着性を良くするため、下塗り材（鈴ａ塗料株
式会社ｔＪ造の商品名「ラフトンＥＭシーラー」使用）
を塗布した後、下塗り材上に前記水系塗料をスプレー塗
装（塗布ｆｆ１２００ｇ／Ｔｄ）Ｌ、自然乾燥して試験
板と同形状の塗膜を形成した。この塗膜の表面の抵抗値
（電気抵抗）は室温２０℃において６０Ω／ｄであった
。This water-based paint was applied to a test plate and the exothermic temperature of the paint film was measured. The test board in this example has a length of 90α and a width of 7.5
A Ctn slate board is used, and one side of the board is coated with an undercoat (trade name: ``Loughton EM Sealer'' manufactured by Suzua Paint Co., Ltd., TJ-Zo) to provide insulation and improve paint adhesion.
After coating, the water-based paint was spray-coated on the undercoat material (coating ff 1200 g/Td) and air-dried to form a coating film having the same shape as the test plate. The surface resistance value (electrical resistance) of this coating film was 60Ω/d at room temperature of 20°C.
塗膜上には抵抗値を測定するための電極を配置しかつ表
面温度計を用いて交流ｉ ｏｏｖの電圧における電極間
の長さ（距ｍ＞と発熱温度の関係を調べた。Electrodes for measuring the resistance value were placed on the coating film, and a surface thermometer was used to examine the relationship between the length between the electrodes (distance m>) and the heat generation temperature at an AC i oov voltage.
この測定結果は第１図のグラフ■に示す通りであった。The results of this measurement were as shown in graph (■) in FIG.
このグラフ■より、電極間の長さが３０〜９０１におい
ては発熱温度が約８０〜２０℃であり、実用上良好なこ
とがわかる。なお、ＴｉＩ４１問の長さが３０ｃ属未満
では高温に発熱するので、危険な場合があり、用途に応
じて適用する必要がある。From this graph (2), it can be seen that when the length between the electrodes is 30 to 901, the exothermic temperature is about 80 to 20°C, which is good for practical use. Note that if the length of TiI 41 questions is less than 30c, it will generate heat to a high temperature and may be dangerous, so it is necessary to apply it depending on the purpose.
次に、この水系塗料の塗布量と抵抗値、発熱温度につい
て調べた。試験板は良さ４５ｃＩｍ、幅７．５ｃｊＩの
スレート板を用い、前記した場合と同様に下塗り材を塗
布した後に水系塗料を塗装した。抵抗値を測るための電
肯は試験板の長手方向の両端に配置し、水系塗料の塗布
量ことに交流１００ｖにおける抵抗値を測定した。Next, the coating amount, resistance value, and heat generation temperature of this water-based paint were investigated. A slate board with a thickness of 45 cIm and a width of 7.5 cJI was used as the test board, and a water-based paint was applied after applying an undercoat material in the same manner as in the above case. Electrodes for measuring resistance were placed at both ends of the test plate in the longitudinal direction, and the amount of water-based paint applied and the resistance at 100 V AC were measured.
この測定結果は、第２図の抵抗値を示すグラフ■及び発
熱温度を示すグラフ■に示す通りであった。すなわち、
グラフ■とグラフ■により、発熱温度は塗布量の増加と
ともに上昇することが認められ実用上有効なことがわか
る。The measurement results were as shown in the graph (2) showing the resistance value and the graph (2) showing the exothermic temperature in FIG. That is,
It can be seen from graphs ■ and ■ that the exothermic temperature increases as the amount of coating increases, which indicates that it is practically effective.
次に、この水系塗料を長さ１００ｃｍ１幅３０１．２３
０ｇ／′ｒｒｉの不織布に含浸塗装し、自然乾燥させて
発熱体を得た。発熱体は塗膜乾燥１ｆｆｉ（ｇ／ｒｄ＞
が、１８５ｇ／尻、２４０９／ｌｒｉ、および３３Ｃ１
／ｉのものを各々つくった。この各発熱体につき、抵抗
値と発熱温度を測定した。なお、抵抗値測定用の電極は
発熱体の長手方向の両端に配置した。Next, apply this water-based paint to a length of 100 cm and a width of 301.23 cm.
A heating element was obtained by impregnating and coating a nonwoven fabric with a concentration of 0 g/'rri and drying it naturally. The heating element has a coating drying rate of 1ffi (g/rd>
But 185g/butt, 2409/lri, and 33C1
I made each of /i. The resistance value and heat generation temperature of each heating element were measured. Note that electrodes for resistance value measurement were placed at both ends of the heating element in the longitudinal direction.
各発熱体の塗膜乾燥重量と、抵抗値、発熱温度の測定結
果は、第３図のグラフＩＶ及びグラフ■に示す通りであ
った。なお、グラフＩＶは抵抗値、グラフＶは発熱温度
を示す。第３図のグラフＩＶ及びグラフＶから、塗膜乾
燥重量の増加は抵抗値を低下させ発熱温度を上背させる
ことがスめられる。The measurement results of the dry weight of the coating film, the resistance value, and the heat generation temperature of each heating element were as shown in graphs IV and 2 of FIG. 3. Note that graph IV shows the resistance value, and graph V shows the heat generation temperature. From graphs IV and V in FIG. 3, it is recommended that an increase in the dry weight of the coating film lowers the resistance value and raises the exothermic temperature.
そして、塗膜乾燥型ｆｆ１１８５ｇ／ｄの発熱体は発熱
温度６０℃を示すことからこの程度のもので実用性を発
揮させ得る。Since the heating element of the paint film drying type ff1185g/d exhibits an exothermic temperature of 60°C, a heating element of this level can be of practical use.
また、この水系塗料は、ｉｌ！１０ｃｍ＋・横１５（：
ｌのガラス板の片面全体にへヶ塗り塗装し自然乾燥させ
、膜厚４５μｍの黒色の塗膜を形成した。この塗膜の表
面の抵抗値は８０Ω／ｃｉであった。この塗膜にＴｉ極
間距１１１７ ｃｍ、交流５０Ｖを通電したとき、９５
℃（室温１５℃）の発熱をした。Also, this water-based paint is il! 10cm+・Width 15(:
A black coating film with a thickness of 45 μm was formed by coating the entire surface of one side of a 1 glass plate and letting it air dry. The surface resistance value of this coating film was 80Ω/ci. When this coating film was energized with a distance of 1117 cm between Ti poles and 50 V AC, it was 95
℃ (room temperature: 15℃).
（実施例２）
第２表に示す各配合原料の所定量を各々用意し、各配合
原料を適宜な混合手段にて混合し発熱性の水系塗料を得
た。(Example 2) Predetermined amounts of each compounded raw material shown in Table 2 were prepared, and each compounded raw material was mixed using an appropriate mixing means to obtain an exothermic water-based paint.
第 ２ 表 （配合量の単位は
車ω部である。）
得られた水系塗料は白色の液状であり、へヶ塗り等の通
常の塗装手段にて容易に塗布し得るものであった。Table 2 (The unit of blending amount is car ω part.) The obtained water-based paint was a white liquid and could be easily applied by ordinary painting means such as hega-coating.
この水系塗料は、１ｉｌＯａ・横１５０のガラス板の片
面全体にへヶ塗り塗装し自然乾燥させ、膜Ｊ！ｊ８０μ
ｍの白色の塗膜を形成した。この塗膜の表面抵抗値は２
００Ω／ｄであった。この塗膜に電極間距離７α、交流
１００Ｖを通電したとき、３０℃（室温１５℃）の発熱
をした。This water-based paint was applied over one side of a 1ilOa/150mm glass plate, allowed to dry naturally, and then film J! j80μ
A white coating film of m was formed. The surface resistance value of this coating is 2
00Ω/d. When this coating film was energized with an inter-electrode distance of 7α and an AC current of 100 V, it generated heat of 30° C. (room temperature: 15° C.).
この水系塗料を長さ １００ｃ、、幅３０１．２３０
ｇ／尻の不織布に含浸塗装し、自然乾燥させて発熱体を
得た。この発熱体は塗膜乾燥１ｆｆｉは４５０９ ／−
であり、長手方向の両端に電極を配置して測定した発熱
温度は３０℃（室温１５℃）であった。This water-based paint has a length of 100cm and a width of 301.230cm.
A heating element was obtained by impregnating and painting the nonwoven fabric of g/bottom and drying it naturally. The drying rate of this heating element is 4509/-
The exothermic temperature measured by placing electrodes at both ends in the longitudinal direction was 30°C (room temperature: 15°C).
（発明の効果）
本発明の塗料は水系溶剤を用いた水系塗料となしたので
、従来の有機溶剤系の発熱性塗料における塗装作業時の
火気に対する危険性や作業者に対する環境公害等の不都
合が生じない。すなわち、本発明の塗料は、従来と賃な
り有機溶剤を用いないので従来の問題点が解決されるも
のである１、そして、本発明塗料は発熱材を配合しであ
ることより、塗装塗膜に通電すれば塗膜を発熱させるこ
とができる。(Effects of the Invention) Since the paint of the present invention is a water-based paint using a water-based solvent, there are no inconveniences such as the risk of fire during painting work and environmental pollution for workers, which are caused by conventional organic solvent-based exothermic paints. Does not occur. In other words, the paint of the present invention solves the conventional problems because it does not use organic solvents as compared to conventional paints1, and since the paint of the present invention contains a heat-generating material, the paint film does not deteriorate. The paint film can be heated by applying electricity to it.
また、本発明の発熱体は基体に発熱性水系塗料を塗布し
てなるので、通電により発熱させ得ることは勿論であり
、かつ従来の有機溶剤系の発熱性塗料の問題が解決され
るとともに、用途に応じたものが製作し易い。Furthermore, since the heating element of the present invention is formed by applying a heat-generating water-based paint to the base, it is possible to generate heat by applying electricity, and the problems of conventional organic solvent-based heat-generating paints are solved. Easy to manufacture according to the purpose.
なお、本発明の水系塗料及び発熱体は、住′辷、工場等
の壁面や床面の暖房、壁面の結露防止、屋根の融雪ヒー
ター等の保温用、加熱用として、従来の有機溶剤等の発
熱塗料と同様に、広範囲に使用される。The water-based paint and heating element of the present invention can be used for heating walls and floors of homes and factories, for preventing condensation on walls, and for heat retention and heating in roof snow melting heaters, etc., using conventional organic solvents, etc. Widely used, as well as exothermic paints.
図面は本発明の実施例における水系塗料の塗膜特性を示
すものであって、第１図は電極間の長さと発熱温度の関
係を示すグラフ、第２図は水系塗料の塗布量と抵抗値と
発熱温度の関係を示すグラフ、第３図は発熱体の塗膜乾
燥重量と抵抗値と発熱温度の関係を示すグラフである。The drawings show the coating film characteristics of the water-based paint in the examples of the present invention, with Figure 1 being a graph showing the relationship between the length between the electrodes and the heat generation temperature, and Figure 2 being the graph showing the relationship between the amount of water-based paint applied and the resistance value. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the dry weight of the coating film of the heating element, the resistance value, and the heating temperature.
Claims (2)
した水系塗料であつて、通電により塗膜が発熱性を呈す
ることを特徴とした発熱性水系塗料。(1) A heat-generating water-based paint containing an acrylic resin emulsion and a heat-generating material, characterized in that the coating film becomes heat-generating when energized.
したことを特徴とする発熱性水系塗料を用いた発熱体。(2) A heating element using a heat-generating water-based paint, characterized in that the heat-generating water-based paint according to claim 1 is coated on a substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2484288A JPH01201372A (en) | 1988-02-03 | 1988-02-03 | Heat-generating water-based paint and heat-generating element using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2484288A JPH01201372A (en) | 1988-02-03 | 1988-02-03 | Heat-generating water-based paint and heat-generating element using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01201372A true JPH01201372A (en) | 1989-08-14 |
Family
ID=12149468
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2484288A Pending JPH01201372A (en) | 1988-02-03 | 1988-02-03 | Heat-generating water-based paint and heat-generating element using same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01201372A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003238881A (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-27 | Minoru Tsubota | Aqueous electroconductive dispersion characterized by low electric resistance and structure for preventing dew condensation using this |
| WO2005012428A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-10 | Zeon Corporation | Electroconductive composition, electroconductive coating, electroconductive fiber material and exothermic article in plane shape |
-
1988
- 1988-02-03 JP JP2484288A patent/JPH01201372A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003238881A (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-27 | Minoru Tsubota | Aqueous electroconductive dispersion characterized by low electric resistance and structure for preventing dew condensation using this |
| WO2005012428A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-10 | Zeon Corporation | Electroconductive composition, electroconductive coating, electroconductive fiber material and exothermic article in plane shape |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3999040A (en) | Heating device containing electrically conductive composition | |
| US4064074A (en) | Methods for the manufacture and use of electrically conductive compositions and devices | |
| US3923697A (en) | Electrically conductive compositions and their use | |
| US4035265A (en) | Paint compositions | |
| US3696054A (en) | Paint compositions | |
| US10841982B2 (en) | Paintable surface heating system using graphene nano-platelets apparatus and method | |
| US3221145A (en) | Laminated heating sheet | |
| EP0250905B1 (en) | Resistive paste, electric heating resistance and preparation process using this paste | |
| DE2007866A1 (en) | Process for the production of flat heat conductors and flat heat conductors produced by this process | |
| Arabzadeh et al. | Comparison between cement paste and asphalt mastic modified by carbonaceous materials: Electrical and thermal properties | |
| JPH01201372A (en) | Heat-generating water-based paint and heat-generating element using same | |
| CN104774510B (en) | Antistatic thermal control coating composition, preparation method and applications thereof | |
| Kuo et al. | Electrochemical investigations on the corrosion protection effect of poly (vinyl carbazole)‐silica hybrid sol–gel materials | |
| JP3119265B2 (en) | Tubular heating element | |
| US3876968A (en) | Glass heating fabric | |
| RU2653176C2 (en) | Electrically conductive composition and method for manufacturing heating panels based on it | |
| JP3169917U (en) | Building materials | |
| WO2010040139A1 (en) | Heated coating compositions and methods of use | |
| JP2857408B2 (en) | Insulation or heating plate | |
| JP2687181B2 (en) | Composite material | |
| JP3085307B2 (en) | Tape or plate heating element with self-controlled temperature | |
| JP2788517B2 (en) | Conductive heating element | |
| US5670259A (en) | Water soluble pyrolytic paint | |
| US20150305092A1 (en) | Heater nano dye, system including solid heater nano dye layer, and methods of using the same | |
| JPH06157948A (en) | Exothermic coating |