JPH01190575A - Rolling stock body structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the outward appearance of the surface of a sheet metal outside plate by forming a sheet metal outside plate fitted to a frame, which forms a body structure of a rolling stock, by stainless-group material, and forming a bead portion having a terminal portion, which is projected to the outside of a vehicle and a flat plate portion on the outside plate surface. CONSTITUTION:A sheet metal outside plate 2 is a panel divided into a roof board, a frieze board, a wainscot panel, and an end board, considering the construction of a body structure and plastic working. For example, concerning the sheet metal outside plate 2 corresponding to the wainscot panel, it is fixed to a frame 4-6 by spot welding. A bead portion 3 is horizontally formed on the outside plate 2. At the time of manufacturing the sheet metal outside plate 2, first a thin flat plate piece is worked by a plastic working machine such as a press or the like to form a portion (bead portion) 3 continuously projected to one side, that is, the outside of the rolling stock. Secondly, the bead portion 3 is pressurized in the direction of board thickness in order to reverse or remove tension residual stress produced in the bead portion 3 or the compression residual stress produced in the flat plate portion.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a vehicle body structure, and particularly to a vehicle body body suitable for being formed using a thin outer plate.

[Conventional technology]

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, the structures of railway vehicles and the like have been constructed by attaching outer panels to a frame. In recent years, there has been a trend to make the outer panel thinner in order to reduce the weight of the structure. For this reason, the so-called tension structure and thin outer panels have become important strength members. This conventional structure will be explained with reference to FIG. In the figure, when a load is loaded on the structure 1, a deflection h occurs, and buckling σ occurs in the thin outer plate. Therefore, in order to prevent such buckling, tension is applied to the thin outer plate when manufacturing the structure 1 to eliminate the buckling. By the way, as a method of applying tension to the thin outer plate, for example, after the structure is assembled, the thin outer plate is subjected to spot heating and rapid cooling. In addition to this, methods have been attempted in which tension is applied when attaching the thin outer panel to the framework by pulling the thin outer panel or heating and stretching the outer panel.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

As mentioned above, point heating and rapid cooling of the structure l requires a large amount of man-hours, and in order to effectively apply tension, it is necessary to rapidly cool the structure using water, which can cause rust and other problems. There was a problem.

In addition, as a work performed without using the cooling water,
There are methods that use plasma flame and cooling gas, but even these methods require equipment and are disadvantageous in terms of man-hours (for example,
-3056 publication).

On the other hand, in the above-mentioned method of stretching or heating the thin outer plate, it is necessary to hold the periphery of the thin outer plate with gripping means and pull it with a predetermined force.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a gripping allowance around the thin outer plate, and it is necessary to cut and remove the thin outer plate after attaching it to the frame, which increases the size of the equipment, increases the number of man-hours, and increases the material There were problems such as a decrease in stopping speed.

An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle body structure that can prevent buckling or distortion occurring in thin outer panels, improve appearance, and reduce manufacturing man-hours.

[Means to solve the problem]

The invention is solved by a structure manufactured using a %1M skin that is subject to tension or tensile residual stress and that is attached to an assembled framework.

[For production]

In a vehicle body constructed using a thin outer plate to which tension is applied, the thin outer plate itself has tension, so even if a load that causes buckling is applied, the buckling can be absorbed. Therefore, distortion on the surface of the outer plate can be reduced.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. In the figure, the thin outer plate 2 is a panel divided in consideration of the structure of the structure and plastic working. The thin outer plate 2
To explain this, the thin outer plate 2 is attached to the frame 4, 5.6 by spot welding as shown in Fig. 3, and as shown in Fig.
It is plastically worked into a shape with . As for the internal stress of the thin outer plate 2, as shown in FIG. 5, compressive residual stress is generated in the bead portion 3, and tensile residual stress is generated in the flat plate portion. In other words, a compressive residual stress is applied to a bent portion such as the bead portion 3 and the like, and the bending rigidity is large, while a tensile residual stress is applied to a portion of the flat plate portion having a small bending rigidity. Note that the tensile residual stress, that is, tension, in the bait flat plate portion is generated as a reaction force of the compressive residual stress applied to the bead portion 3, and the sum of each is balanced. As a result, the thin outer plate 2 is attached to the frames 4 and 5.
．． 6 to form a structure, it is possible to prevent the flat plate portion from buckling and becoming uneven.

The thin outer plate 2 is produced, for example, by a method of stretch-forming a flat plate using a press.

In the case of the stretch forming process, tensile stress is generated in the bead portion, but during the forming process, the bead portion 3 is strongly pressurized so that a compressive stress several times the yield point or proof stress of the material is generated. Processing is performed so that residual stress becomes compressive residual stress. Note that, as described above, tensile residual stress acts on the flat plate portion as a reaction force to the compressive residual stress of the bead portion 3.

By simply attaching the above-mentioned thin outer plate 2 to the assembled framework 4, 5.6 by spot welding, the buckling of the flat plate part can be absorbed by the tension generated in the thin outer plate 2 itself, that is, the tensile residual stress, and the structure can be improved. There is no need for strain relief work on the outer periphery of the structure or for tensioning equipment for the outer skin during or after manufacture.
It is possible to reduce man-hours and simplify equipment. Further, it is possible to prevent the thin outer plate 2 itself from discoloring due to heating or the like or from being scratched due to tension or the like. Furthermore, there is no need to provide a tensioning allowance necessary for the tensioning, etc. (it is possible to prevent a decrease in material yield. In addition, the thin outer plate 2 can be simply attached without performing various processing. , the appearance of the structure can be improved because the factors that cause surface scratches can be reduced and surface distortion is also reduced.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the structure has a good appearance and the number of manufacturing steps can be significantly reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a general railway vehicle structure, FIG. 2 is an external view of a railway vehicle structure using the structural thin plate of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 2, and FIG. The figure is a front view of the thin outer plate, and FIG. 5 is a residual stress distribution diagram of the thin outer plate of FIG. 4. 1... Structure, 2... Thin outer plate, 3...
...bead part, 4...skeleton, 5...,
6... Frame 11, Figure 43, Figure 74, Figure 75 Procedural amendment (voluntary) Incident indication Me3-3/(37C Patent application filed on December 16, 1988 (B D) for the invention Relationship with the case of the person who amends the name of the vehicle structure Patent applicant name (510) Representative of Hitachi, Ltd. Residence Address: 5-1 Marunouchi-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 Specification subject to amendment within Hitachi, Ltd. Contents of Amendment 1: The scope of claims in the specification and the detailed description of the invention are amended as follows. In a vehicle body structure comprising a frame to which the plate is attached, the thin outer plate is made of a stainless steel material, and the thin outer plate has an end portion within the plane thereof and a bead portion continuously formed to protrude outward from the vehicle. and a flat plate portion continuously formed around the bead portion, and the outer surface of the thin outer plate is unpainted. -?-0 The vehicle structure according to claim 1. A vehicle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the flat plate portion formed around the bead portion of the thin outer plate is at least larger than the width of the bead portion itself. , a vehicle structure characterized in that the thin plate outer plate is attached to the frame so that its bead portions are perpendicular to each other, and the thin plate outer plate is joined to the frame by spot welding the flat plate portion. In a vehicle structure consisting of an outer panel and a frame to which the thin outer panel is attached, the thin outer panel can be used as a roof plate, a curtain plate,
It is divided into a waist board and an end board, and at least the curtain board and the waist board are made of stainless steel material, and each board has a terminal end within the plane of the board, and has a bead part that is continuously formed and protrudes to the outside of the vehicle. A vehicle body structure further comprising a flat plate portion continuously formed around each bead portion, and the outer surface of each plate is unpainted. 2. The text from page 3, line 8 to page 6, line 12 of the specification is amended as follows. Furthermore, if the vehicle body is made of stainless steel and the surface of the thin outer plate is unpainted, the spot heating and quenching method described above may discolor the heated part, and the surface cannot be reused. Finishing was required, which required a great deal of effort and time. It is also possible to heat the material to an extent that does not cause discoloration as described above, but the efficiency of applying tension is poor and even such a method requires a great deal of labor and time. An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle body structure that improves the appearance of the surface of a thin outer plate and is easy to manufacture. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a vehicle structure comprising a thin outer plate and a frame to which the thin outer plate is attached, wherein the thin outer plate is made of a stainless steel material, and the thin outer plate is made of a stainless steel material. The outer surface of the thin outer panel is made of an unpainted bead. It is characterized by the fact that [Function] The thin outer plate has a bead formed thereon, which improves the strength of the plate itself, reduces strain occurring in the flat plate part, and eliminates the need for special tensioning work when manufacturing the structure. I don't. Therefore, the appearance of the thin outer plate surface can be improved, and the structure can be manufactured easily. [Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. The thin outer panel 2 is a panel divided into a roof board, a curtain board, a wainscot board, and a gable board in consideration of the structure of the structure and plastic processing. The thin outer plate 2, which corresponds to the waist plate, will be explained. The thin outer plate 2 is attached to the frames 4, 5.6 by spot welding, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, bead portions 3 are formed in the horizontal direction by plastic working. The manufacturing status of this thin outer plate 2 will be explained. First, a thin flat plate material is processed using a plastic processing machine such as a press to form a portion of the plate material that continuously protrudes to one side, that is, to the outside of the vehicle, that is, a bead portion 3. When simply forming a bead, the bead can be formed by applying pressure that applies a tensile stress of up to the tensile strength of the material to the workpiece. In the plate material in which the bead portion 3 is formed in this way,
The bead portion 3 contracts due to springback, tensile residual stress acts on the bead portion 3, compressive residual stress acts on the flat plate portion around it, and both residual stresses are balanced. Therefore, distortion occurs in the flat plate portion. In addition,
The tensile residual stress of the bead portion 3 and the compressive residual stress of the flat plate portion act in a direction parallel to the bead portion 3. In addition, regarding the direction perpendicular to the bead portion 3, that is, the thickness direction,
Changes such as shrinkage occur at the time of removal from the restraining member, that is, the mold, so that no residual stress is generated. The bead portion 3 of the thin outer plate 2 thus formed is strongly pressurized in the next step. That is, work is performed to reverse or remove the tensile residual stress generated in the bead portion 3 and the compressive residual stress generated in the flat plate portion as described above. To explain in detail, for example, the material of the plate material is 5US301DLT.
, its yield strength σe is 40 kg f /cd. The bead portion 3 is pressed in the thickness direction with a load several times, for example, about 4 or 5 times, this proof stress. As a result, a compressive stress several times the proof stress σe acts on the bead portion 3 in the thickness direction, resulting in a state similar to that of being rolled, and the bead portion 3 extends in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. Become. Therefore, when the pressing force is released, since the bead portion 3 is restrained by the flat plate portion, the bead portion 3
A compressive residual stress is generated in a direction parallel to , and a tensile residual stress that balances the compressive residual stress is generated in the flat plate portion. The residual stress state of this thin outer plate 2 is as shown in FIG. Note that the bead portion 3 has a large bending rigidity because its cross section is bent, and no deformation occurs even if compressive residual stress is generated in this portion. On the other hand, since the flat plate part has low bending rigidity and tensile residual stress acts on it, the flat plate itself can prevent the occurrence of distortion due to buckling, etc., in the same way as when tension is applied. Therefore, when the thin plate outer plate 2 on which the bead portion 3 that generates the compressive residual stress is spot-welded to the frame 4, 5.6 to form a vehicle structure, the flat plate portion is prevented from buckling and becoming uneven. It is preventable. The difference between a conventional flat plate with beads and the thin outer plate 2 is that the conventional flat plate simply has beads;
A tensile residual stress in a direction parallel to the bead portion acts on the bead portion, and a compressive residual stress that balances the tensile residual stress is generated on the flat plate portion. For this reason, the flat plate portion has low bending rigidity and is susceptible to distortion. On the other hand, the thin outer plate 2
As described above, a compressive residual stress in a direction parallel to the bead portion 3 acts on the bead portion 3, and a tensile residual stress that balances the compressive residual stress is generated in the flat plate portion. The tensile residual stress occurring in this flat plate portion corresponds to tension, and the strain occurring in the flat plate portion can be reduced by the thin outer plate 2 itself. In this way, the single thin outer plate 2 is different from the conventional one in which only beads are formed in that it can reduce the strain occurring in the flat plate part by itself. Incidentally, in the above-described manufacturing method, the residual stress in the bead portion 3 and the flat plate portion are reversed, but pressure may be applied to an extent that at least removes the tensile residual stress generated in the bead portion 3. In other words, when a bead is formed on a plate material, the tensile residual stress generated in the bead part tends to cause distortion in the flat plate part, so simply removing the tensile residual stress will reduce the strength due to the bead formation. Coupled with white clay, it can reduce the distortion that occurs in the flat plate. According to such a configuration, when the thin outer plate 2 is plastically worked by pressing or other methods, compressive residual stress is generated in the bead portion 3 and tensile residual stress, that is, tension is generated in the flat plate portion, or By removing the tensile residual stress generated in the bead portion 3, it is possible to minimize the work required to apply tension when or after attaching the thin outer plate 2 to the frame 4, 5.6, Significant reduction in man-hours can be achieved. Further, when the thin outer plate 2 is made of a stainless steel material and its surface is used for the structure without painting, the appearance can be improved without discoloration or unevenness caused by heating. Furthermore, since the width of the flat plate part of the thin outer plate 2 is wider than the width of the bead part 3, it has less irregularities than the conventionally used corrugated plate and is less susceptible to surface contamination due to adhesion of dust. This can be prevented, and from this point of view as well, the appearance of the thin outer panel 2 can be improved. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, the appearance of the thin outer plate surface can be improved, and the vehicle body structure can be manufactured easily. that's all

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An outer panel in which compressive residual stress is applied to parts with high bending rigidity and tensile residual stress is applied to parts with low bending rigidity,
A vehicle structure comprising a frame for attaching and supporting the outer plate.