JPH01186522A - Electric contact - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To secure the contact stability of a contact and prevent the shortening of the contact life by maintaining the chemical atmosphere in a case with an enclosed structure. CONSTITUTION:The atmosphere of hexamethylene-glycol and 2-methyl-2,4- pentadien is maintained in a case 20 with nearly an enclosed structure housing a mechanically switched contact. A felt 16 is arranged near a brush sliding section 3 on a bracket 14. The atmosphere in the case 20 becomes the vapor atmosphere by chemicals, and chemicals are attracted on surfaces of a brush 13 and a commutator segment 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention is applicable to applications such as between the brush and commutator of a small motor used to drive a tape in a tape recorder, a videotape recorder, etc., as well as vertically moving contacts,
It relates to electrical contacts such as slide switches and relays.

Conventional technology To explain this using an example of a small motor that has the highest number of contact openings and closings,
Generally speaking, there are two types of brushes used in small motors. One is the use of elastic conductive materials such as copper, beryllium copper, copper titanium alloys, phosphor bronze, nickel silver thin sheets or wires, and precious metal alloys (such as Au, Pd, Pt,
The structure is made by cladding (Ag, Cu, etc. and their alloys) or by spot welding a part of the thin plate material or wire rod. Sintered carbon brush (e.g. carbon,
Ag carbon, Cu carbon, AgCu carbon, and SiC, M for those materials.

These brushes are formed using a conductive adhesive, spot welding, or caulking method.In small motors with these brushes, commutator During rotation, the brush sliding part vibrates unnecessarily, resulting in abnormal welding on the contact surface of the brush sliding part with the commutator segment, and blackening (carbon and carbon) caused by spark generation. The problem is that foreign matter that promotes abnormal phenomena (mixed with sliding abrasion powder generated between parts) is often generated. An example of a brush for a small motor is one in which a brush sliding portion that comes into contact with a commutator segment is integrally formed with a brush base that is supported by support means provided on a lid of a motor case or the like. The state of contact between such a brush and the commutator segment is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 4, a bent brush sliding portion 3 extends from a brush base 2 supported by a brush support means 1. The brush base 2 and the brush sliding portion 3 themselves have elasticity and are in contact with the commutator segment 4 in a pressed state. This pressing force can be set to a required value by appropriately selecting the bending angle between the brush base 2 and the brush sliding portion 3. Also,
The commutator segment 4 is fixed to the motor rotating shaft 6 via the commutator base 5, and rotates with the rotation of the motor.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In this way, the commutator segments 4 that are in contact with each other
Electric sparks are generated from the brush sliding part 3 during rectification and due to intermittent contact points, and the generation of these electric sparks causes electrical noise, wear and welding of the commutator segment 4 and the brush sliding part 3. An inconvenient situation may occur, such as the occurrence of

For example, if welding occurs at the position where it starts to make contact with the commutator segment 4 and at the position where it leaves (section a in Fig. 4),
This welded material scrapes and damages the surface of the commutator segment 4, and chips generated by this scraping accumulate in the gap between adjacent commutator segments 4 (section b in Figure 4). As a result, conduction occurs between the commutator segments, resulting in unstable rotation.For example, when the surface roughness of the commutator segment surface becomes rough due to wear, it causes brush vibration, which promotes the generation of electrical sparks, and furthermore. The wear progresses and causes abnormal wear, and the performance of the motor itself deteriorates due to electrical noise and misalignment of the commutation position.

Incidentally, electric sparks are most often generated at the contact surface a between the brush sliding portion 3 and the commutator segment 4. Of course, the commutator segment 4
Needless to say, mechanical wear that is not caused by electric sparks also occurs in the brush sliding portion 3.

-i, the material of the brush sliding part 3 that is often used is noble metal alloy or sintered carbon as mentioned above, and the material of the commutator segment 4 is Au, Pd, Ag.
Noble metal alloys such as AgCu, AgCd, AgCu
It consists of Cd, AgCuTi, etc. In particular, when combined with a noble metal brush, both have high surface energy (since both are made of almost the same material, it is an unfavorable combination that easily causes scratches on the contact surface. Also, when combined with a sintered carbon brush, Even in combination, although the sliding resistance is lower than that of precious metal alloy brushes, the blended materials that make up the brushes contain a considerable amount of impurities such as SiO□, and there is a risk of scratches. As in the case of noble metal alloy brushes, the use of precious metal alloy carbon is an unfavorable combination in which scratches are likely to occur on the contact surfaces.The example shown in Figure 5(a) is the cause of these defects. This shows a structure that does not have a mechanical means to suppress electric sparks.In other words, if no vibration damping measures are taken for the brush sliding part 3, the vibration of the brush sliding part is large and many sparks are generated. The example in FIG. 5(b) shows a configuration in which vibration damping measures are taken for the brush sliding part 3. That is, the brush sliding part 3 is coated with anti-vibration rubber 9 as an adhesive. 8, it has good vibration absorption at room temperature and can suppress the generation of sparks.However, at temperatures close to the upper limit of 60°C, the viscosity of the adhesive decreases significantly, and the anti-vibration rubber 9's adhesive force with the brush sliding part 3 is reduced, the vibration absorbing ability is reduced, and sparks are generated more frequently, making it difficult to obtain a high quality product with a long life.Furthermore, Fig. 5 (C) , shows another example of a structure in which vibration damping measures are taken for the brush sliding part 3 in the same way as in FIG. 8 is applied with an adhesive 11 having a structure coated with the material shown in FIG.
Compared to example b), although the decrease in the viscosity of the adhesive at high temperatures is suppressed to some extent, it is insufficient, and it is not possible to satisfy long life and high quality at high temperatures. Further, a mixture of hexamethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol alone causes excessive adhesion to the initial brush commutator and is unstable. In addition,
This device is often used at an ambient temperature of -10°C to +60°C.

The present invention secures the contact stability of contacts such as vertical switches and relays with an open/close contact structure, or between brushes and commutators of motors, slide switches and connectors with a sliding contact structure similar to small motors, and This prevents shortening of lifespan.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides vertical movement switches and relays with opening/closing contact structures, slide switches with dipping or sliding contact structures, and brush structures and commutators in small motors. Hexamethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2,4-
It is configured to have the atmosphere of pentanediol, and
The chemicals include anthraquinone, anthraquinone dye,
It is a product to which naphthoquinone, naphthoquinone mR form, perinaphthoquinone, and/or perinaphthoquinone dye is added (hereinafter abbreviated as the drug of the present invention).

Taking the example of a small working motor, past literature and experiments are beginning to clarify the conditions in which brush sliding parts and commutator segments tend to weld, or conditions in which welding, abnormal wear, or poor continuity occur. Abnormalities are likely to occur in the atmosphere where the brush sliding portion and the commutator segment slide, or in the case where unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons exist or are adsorbed in the commutator segment itself. At this time, an abnormal phenomenon called black matter (a mixture of decomposition products or carbon-like polymers produced by mechanochemical reactions, and sliding wear particles generated between the brush and the commutator segment) occurs. Promoting foreign matter is generated.

This foreign material is generated when unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are combusted by an arc between the sliding parts and the commutator segment.
This is thought to be due to the large amount of carbon per unit volume resulting in incomplete combustion and its molecular structure, but the bonding state of the produced carbon becomes dense, resulting in hard carbon.

In addition, it was found that when hydrocarbons other than unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are adsorbed in the atmosphere and on the commutator segment, the carbon produced is soft and does not lead to abnormal phenomena, although this is due to its molecular structure. has been done. Based on these phenomena, a long-term operation experiment was conducted using a commutator segment that adsorbed a small amount of hydrocarbons. In this experiment, we found that: 1) There is a high probability that abnormal wear will occur in the commutator segment under high temperature and low humidity.

2) If about 10 μg of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon is adsorbed on the commutator segment, abnormalities in the commutator segment will be alleviated and the life of the small motor will be extended. (However, this data is based on the case where there is no continuous supply of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.) 3) Hexamethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2,4-
When experiments are conducted in an atmosphere containing only pentanediol, excessive adsorption to the commutator segments occurs in a low-temperature atmosphere (0°C), causing early abnormal wear of the commutator segments, and defects in the current waveform are observed.

The above results were obtained.

Therefore, as a result of considering the above phenomenon, it was found that when the chemical of the present invention is used, unlike unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons such as styrene monomer and toluene, it burns well because it has oxygen in its molecular structure, and abnormal phenomena occur. It is the farthest thing from the hard blackide formation, which is one of the causes, and even if carbon is formed, it is extremely soft and can reduce the sliding resistance of the brush sliding part and commutator segment.It is also an abnormal phenomenon. Even at high temperatures and low humidity where there is a high probability of occurrence, an appropriate atmosphere suitable for the vapor pressure of the chemical of the present invention can be created in the case, and the hydroxyl group of the chemical of the present invention strongly adsorbs to metal surfaces. A sufficient effect can be obtained. In addition, the electrical contacts placed in the atmosphere of the chemicals of the present invention should have a nearly hermetic structure with little air circulation, or the equipment in which the electrical contacts are installed should have a structure with little air circulation. In the chemical adsorption of the present invention, materials with strong catalytic action such as Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, etc. and their alloys are used, for example, as well as commutator segments and brushes, as well as Cu
It also adsorbs to the surface of brushes made of carbon fiber, sintered carbon brushes, and other metal parts that make up the motor, preventing highly reactive gases (styrene monomer, toluene, etc.) from adhering to the surface. do. This is because the chemical of the present invention forms hydrogen bonds and adsorbs more strongly than organic gases, such as styrene monomers and toluene, which are adsorbed by van der Waals attraction. The substance name and properties of the drug of the present invention are: Molecular formula: Hexamethylene glycol; C6HI□(01()z) , Molecular formula = 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
CH.

97iJlij@: CH3-C'-CHz-CH-
Anthraquinone, anthraquinone dye, naphthoquinone, naphthoquinone derivative, perinaphthanone, and berinaphthanone dye are added to CH30HOH water absorption rate = 10% (40°C, 90% RH, 1 atm).

The above-mentioned chemicals of the present invention can be used in small motors such as brushes,
Because it adsorbs to the commutator segment surface and forms a monomolecular film, lubricity is greatly improved and wear on the contact parts is significantly reduced.

In addition, FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 show examples of the present invention which exhibit similar effects in electrical contacts such as vertical switches and relays with open/close contact structure, or slide switches with sliding contact structure, respectively. This figure shows an example in which the motor is used in a small motor. Here, parts with the same names as those in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals. In the figure, 7 is the bearing metal, 13 is the brush, 14
15 is a bracket for holding brushes, etc., 15 is under the motor case, 16 is felt impregnated with the chemical of the present invention, 17
is the magnet wire wrapped around the rotor core 18, 19
is a field magnet fixed to the inner surface of the motor case 20. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the felt 16 is placed near the brush sliding part 3 on the bracket 14, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. In the embodiment, the brush 13
It is installed in a motor case 20 separate from the motor case 20.

Further, in each of the embodiments, the atmosphere inside the case becomes a vapor atmosphere due to the chemical of the present invention, so that the chemical of the present invention is adsorbed onto the surfaces of the brush and the commutator segment.

Comparative Example 1 in which experiments were conducted on the following Comparative Examples and Examples
) Conventional product comparison example 2) Test product in a styrene monomer atmosphere.

Comparative Example 3) Test product in toluene atmosphere.

Comparative Example 4) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
,4-pentanediol? What I understand.

Tested in an ambient atmosphere.

Example 1) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C9I, 5olventRed 143
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 2) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C,1,5olventBlue 35
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 3) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C1I, 5olventBlue 93
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 4) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C, I, 5olventBlue 3B
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 5) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C91,5olventRed 105
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 6) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye, C0I, Smoke Dye (Ora
This is a test product in an atmosphere with the addition of nge).

Example 7) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C01, PigmentViolet 1
Test product in an atmosphere with the addition of 2.

Example day) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, hair anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C,1,5olventRed 111
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 9) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-2
, anthraquinone dye dissolved in 4-pentanediol, C0I, 5olventBlue 21
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 10) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-
Anthraquinone dye dissolved in 2,4-pentanediol, C01,5olventBlue 45
Test product in an atmosphere with added

Example 11) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-
A test product in an atmosphere in which naphthoquinone was added to a solution dissolved in 2,4-pentanediol.

Example 12) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-
Perinatutanone dye dissolved in 2,4-pentanediol, Sumiplast, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical
Test product in atmosphere with Orange HRP added.

Example 13) Hexamethylene glycol was converted into 2-methyl-
Perinatutanone dye dissolved in 2,4-pentanediol, C,1,5olventRed 150
Test product in an atmosphere with added

The conditions are 4.2VDC and 25mA. The test results are shown in the table below.

Margin below: If a polyester felt 16 that has been cleaned and degreased with a polyfluoroethylene solution and impregnated with the chemical of the present invention is installed in the gap of this motor, the chemical of the present invention will gradually evaporate and produce a remarkable effect. I was able to get it. The evaporation speed of the polyester felt 16 can be controlled by changing the thickness and apparent specific gravity of its fibers. Remarkable effects could also be obtained by using open-cell foamed plastic or rubber sponge instead of the polyester felt 16. Moreover, those impregnated with the chemical of the sintering invention had a holding power of 0.1 to 0.3 g, and were able to obtain a remarkable effect.

Furthermore, a device sealed in a gas-permeable film or case such as polyethylene and installed inside a small motor also had the ability to retain the chemical of the present invention, and a remarkable effect could be obtained.

In addition, since the chemical of the present invention is solid at room temperature, it is necessary to raise the temperature to the melting point when impregnating parts. However, if 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, which has a different vapor pressure, is added alone, each We were able to obtain an atmosphere commensurate with the vapor pressure, resulting in remarkable effects.

When the above chemicals are used in combination, 2-methyl-2,
Hexamethylene glycol, which has a lower vapor pressure and slightly less complete combustibility than 4-pentanediol, is 2-methyl-2
, 4-pentanediol causes molecular adsorption, and the molecules of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol become carriers for the molecules of hexamethylene glycol, and more hexamethylene glycol than necessary is adsorbed to the brush commutate part, causing arcing during operation. This is to prevent the material from not being completely burnt out and forming a substance called blackide that can cause poor contact, and to prevent excessive adhesion that occurs in the initial stage.

FIG. 6 shows rectified waveforms of a small motor in various atmospheres.

(a) is the rectification waveform of the conventional product before the test in a 60°C 15% RH cloud atmosphere, and (b) is the rectification waveform of Comparative Example 1 after the 300-hour test in the unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon styrene monomer atmosphere. The rectification waveform before the °C 15% RH atmosphere test and the rectification waveform (c) of Comparative Example 2 after the 100-hour test are 60 °C 15 when approximately 10 μg of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (toluene) is adsorbed on the commutator segment surface. Rectified waveform and 3 before %RH atmosphere test
The rectification waveform (d) of Comparative Example 3 after the 00 hour test is the rectification waveform before the 60°C 15% atmosphere test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention, and the rectification waveform (e) of Comparative Example 4 after the 1500 hour test is the rectification waveform of the present invention. The rectified waveform before the 60°C 15% atmosphere test in a chemical atmosphere and the rectified waveform (f) of Example 1 after the 1500-hour test are the rectified waveform before the 60°C 15% atmosphere test and after the 1500-hour test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectification waveform (g) of Example 2 is the rectification waveform before the 60°C, 5% atmosphere test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention, and the rectification waveform (h) of Example 3 after the 1500 hour test is the rectification waveform (h) in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectified waveform before the 60°C, 5% atmosphere test and the rectified waveform (i) of Example 4 after the 1500-hour test are the rectified waveform before the 60°C, 5% atmosphere test and after the 1500-hour test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectification waveform (j) of Example 5 is the rectification waveform before the 60°C 15% atmosphere test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention, and the rectification waveform (k) of Example 6 after the 1500 hour test is the 60°C rectification waveform in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectification waveform before the °C, 5% atmosphere test and the rectification waveform (1) of Example 7 after the 1500-hour test are the rectification waveform before the 60°C, 5% atmosphere test and after the 1500-hour test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectification waveform (m) of Example 8 is the rectification waveform before the 60°C 15% atmosphere test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention, and the rectification waveform (n) of Example 9 after the 1500 hour test is the 60°C rectification waveform in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectification waveform before the °C 15% atmosphere test and the rectification waveform (0) of Example 10 after the 1500-hour test are the rectification waveform before the 60°C, 5% atmosphere test and the example after the 1500-hour test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. The rectified waveform (p) of Example 11 is the rectified waveform before the 60°C 15% atmosphere test in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention, and the rectified waveform (q) of Example 12 after the 1500 hour test is the 60°C 15% in the chemical atmosphere of the present invention. Rectified waveform before atmosphere test and rectified waveform of Example 13 after 1500 hours test Effects of the invention As is clear from the above description, the present invention provides the following effects.

1) The chemical of the present invention is a small motor brush. By adhering to the surface of the sliding part such as the commutator segment surface, a lubricating effect is exerted, which has the effect of preventing abnormal wear and welding of the sliding contact surface and the resulting abrasion damage.

2) Even if there is an organic gas with a benzene ring such as styrene monomer or toluene, it will be protected by the film of the chemical of the present invention adsorbed on the surface of the sliding part, and the formation of black compounds will be minimal, resulting in poor contact between the contacts. Occurrence can be prevented. In addition, since contact failure does not occur, the generation of electrical noise is also reduced, and when used in small motors, for example, the speed is stabilized, and as a result, the 3) The lubricating action of the chemical of the present invention reduces wow and flutter in equipment that uses small motors, for example, operating voltage: 1 to 3.
When a micromotor with a current value of 0.0 mm and a current value of around 100 mA is operated in an atmosphere containing the chemical of the present invention, the current value decreases by 5 to 10%, resulting in energy savings.

4) The chemical of the present invention has a damping effect that suppresses vibrations generated by sliding motion, making it possible to reduce mechanical noise by 1 to 10%.

5) The hygroscopicity of the chemical of the present invention is 10HI, which has hydrophilicity.
The balance between carbon and hydrophobic carbon bonds is ideal, and even in an atmosphere of 40°C and 90% RH, the water absorption rate is less than 20%, without becoming wet enough to corrode metal. It has a large lubrication effect.

6) Since both of the chemicals of the present invention are used individually, the above-mentioned atmosphere is created that matches the vapor pressure of each, and the chemicals of the present invention are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the brushes and commutator segments, which acts as a lubricant and improves the contact surfaces. It has the effect of preventing abnormal wear and welding of the parts and the resulting abrasion damage.

7) Anthraquinone, anthraquinone dye.

Naphthoquinone, naphthoquinone derivatives, perinatutanone, and/or perinatutanone-based dyes suppress the amount of evaporation of the chemical of the present invention, thereby preventing the chemical of the present invention from adhering excessively to the initial brush commutator and making it more stable. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are block diagrams of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a small motor, FIG. 3 is a half-sectional view of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a general brush, A diagram showing the configuration of a commutator, Figures 5(a) to (C) are diagrams each showing a typical configuration of a conventional brush sliding part, and Figures 6(a) to (q) are diagrams of a small motor in various atmospheres. It is a figure which shows the rectified waveform of. 3...Brush sliding part, 4...Commutator segment, 16...Felt, 2
0...Motor case. Name of agent Patent attorney Toshio Nakao (1 person) Figure 3 Figure 6 GND□ ND GNL) ND GND□ ND GND□ GND□

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Hexamethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2
, 4-An electrical contact that provides an atmosphere of both pentadiol. (2) Hexamethylene glycol and 2-methyl-2,
2. The electrical contact according to claim 1, wherein the 4-pentanediol is housed in a case so as not to mix. (3) Hexamethylene glycol is 2-methyl-2,
The electrical contact according to claim 1 or 2, which is used by adding anthraquinone and/or an anthraquinone dye after dissolving it in 4-pentanediol. (4) Hexamethylene glycol is 2-methyl-2,
The electrical contact according to claim 1 or 2, which is used by adding naphthoquinone and/or a naphthoquinone derivative after dissolving it in 4-pentanediol. (5) Hexamethylene glycol is 2-methyl-2,
The electrical contact according to claim 1 or 2, which is used by adding perinaphthanone and/or perinaphthanone dye after dissolving it in 4-pentanediol. (6) Hexamethylene glycol is 2-methyl-2,
Claim 1: Used by adding a mixture of anthraquinone, anthraquinone dye, naphthoquinone, naphthoquinone derivative, perinaphthanone and/or perinaphthanone dye after dissolving in 4-pentanediol.
The electrical contact described in item 2 or item 2.