JPH01174250A - Variable magnetic field type motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable increasing the efficiency of an apparatus at the time of a constant high speed rotation and generating a constant high torque low speed rotation area at the time of acceleration and high load by dividing a field pole and constituting the pole by means of permanent magnet and electromagnet. CONSTITUTION:A field magnet composed of electromagnet 4 and permanent magnet 5 is provided on a stator side, while an armature 6 is provided on a rotor side and the winding of the armature 6 is supplied with electricity via brush 3 and a commutator 2. At the time of a constant high speed rotation, the permanent magnet 5 is used to increase the efficiency of an apparatus, and at the time of acceleration and high load, the permanent magnet 5 and the electromagnet 4 are used jointly to generate a high torque low speed rotation area.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a variable magnetic field type motor that can be controlled by switching between constant excitation and variable excitation.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, the development of automobiles that use motors for driving force has become active.
Various types of hybrid vehicles, in which one vehicle is driven by a motor, and electric vehicles, in which the other vehicle is driven only by a motor, have been proposed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a control system for a hybrid vehicle, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control section.
51 is an engine, 52 and 56 are controllers, 53 is a battery, 54 is a charge amount detection (battery remaining amount detection) device, 55 is a control computer, 57 and 58 are motors,
61 is an input interface, 6.2 is a CPU, and 63 is a ROM.

64 is a RAM, and 65 is an output interface.

In FIG. 9, the engine 51 is the front wheel, the motor 57.5
Reference numeral 8 drives the rear wheels, and banteri 53 is used as a power source for motor 57.5B. The charge amount detection device 54 detects the charge amount of the battery from, for example, the voltage and current of the battery 53, or the concentration and specific gravity of the liquid, and outputs the detection signal to the control computer. The control computer 55
For example, the CPU 62, ROM 63, RA
Consists of M64, input interface 61, and output interface 65, and controls accelerator opening, vehicle speed, and shift lever.
The driving force of the vehicle is set based on the position of the vehicle, and the torque distribution value between the front wheels and rear wheels is set based on the respective ground loads of the front wheels and rear wheels based on the load distribution of the vehicle. Then, when the amount of charge in the battery is low, the amount of torque allocated to the motor is reduced, and the amount allocated to the engine is increased accordingly. Output the allocation value. Engine control device 5
2 controls the engine torque by controlling the throttle opening or the fuel injection amount according to the torque distribution value, and the motor control device 56 controls the current flowing through the motor according to the torque distribution value. This control controls the torque of the motor.

Figure 11 shows an example of a DC motor that is also used for driving automobiles, +a+ in the figure is a cylinder type, and C in the figure
b) is a disk type. Both cylinder type DC motors and disk type DC motors have a permanent magnet as a field magnet on the stator side, and control the voltage and current of the armature winding installed on the rotor to control torque and speed. There is. In addition, Fig. 12 shows an example of a DC brushless morph that is also used for driving automobiles.
is a cylinder type, and fbl in the figure is a disk type. In these, a permanent magnet is provided as a field magnet on the rotor side, and an armature winding is provided on the stator side, contrary to the case of FIG. 11.

By the way, the motor used to drive a car as described above is equipped with a storage battery and also a solar battery, and these motors are used for driving. 1TA, and a DC motor is used. In a DC motor, torque is proportional to the magnetic field strength and armature current, and rotational speed is inversely proportional to the magnetic field strength. Therefore, if it is desired to control torque or speed by controlling the strength of the magnetic field, electromagnets are used for the magnetic poles.

As described above, motors have conventionally employed either an electromagnet or a permanent magnet as a field pole, depending on the control method adopted.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in motors that use electromagnets for the field poles, the torque and speed can be controlled by controlling the strength of the magnetic field as described above, but the electromagnets also consume power, which reduces the efficiency of the entire motor. (There is a problem that this happens.Also, if permanent magnets are used to improve the power consumption efficiency problem, the strength of the magnetic field cannot be controlled, so it is not possible to control the speed by changing the strength of the magnetic field.) Can not.

The present invention solves the above problems by using permanent magnets to increase efficiency during high-speed constant speed rotation, and by using both permanent magnets and magnets during acceleration and high loads. The object of the present invention is to provide a variable magnetic field type motor that can produce a low-speed torque rotation range.

[Means for solving problems]

To this end, the variable magnetic field type motor of the present invention is a variable magnetic field type motor capable of switching control between constant excitation and variable excitation, and is characterized in that the field pole is divided and configured by a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. It is.

[Action and effect of the invention]

In the variable magnetic field type motor of the present invention, the field pole is divided and configured with a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, so constant excitation can be achieved by keeping the electromagnet de-energized, and current can be controlled by energizing the electromagnet. This allows for variable excitation. Therefore, when used for driving a car,
When running at a constant speed, constant excitation is performed using only the permanent magnet, and during acceleration or high load, the electromagnet is energized and the current is controlled to create a high-torque, low-speed rotation range.

〔Example〕

Examples will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which a variable magnetic field type motor according to the present invention is mounted for driving an automobile, and FIGS.
The figure is a diagram showing an example of the shape and configuration of a field pole. In the figure, 1 and 11 are detectors, 2 is a commutator, 3 and 13 are brushes, 4 and 1
4 is an electromagnet, 5 and 15 are permanent magnets, 6 and 16 are armatures,
7 and 17 are rotating shafts, 8 and 18 are tires, and 12 is a slip ring.

In Figure 1 fal,! The magnet 4 and the permanent magnet 5 constitute a field magnet, and are provided on the stator side. Therefore, the armature 6 is provided on the rotor side, and power is supplied to the windings of the armature 6 through the brush 3 and the commutator 2. The detector 1 detects the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 7, and since the rotating shaft 7 is directly connected to the tire 8 of the automobile to drive the tire 8, the rotation speed of the tire 8 can be detected by the detector 1. .

This example belongs to the type of motor shown in FIG.

In the example shown in FIG. 1), a field magnet composed of an electromagnet 14 and a permanent magnet 15 is provided on the rotor side, and power is supplied to the electromagnet 14 through a brush 13 and a slip ring 12. This example belongs to the type of motor shown in FIG.

The example shown in FIG. 1 above is a tire 8 that is a driving wheel of an automobile.
．． Although the overall configuration of the motor attached to Figure 18 is shown, examples of various shapes and structures of the field poles are shown in Figures 2 to 4.
It is a diagram.

The example shown in FIG. 2 is a plate-type field pole. Conventionally, the field pole was composed of only a permanent magnet 21 as shown in FIG. and a permanent magnet 23 located therebetween.

The example shown in Figure 3 is a columnar type field pole.
The structure that was composed of only a permanent magnet 24 as shown in 1 has been replaced with the one that was composed of only a permanent magnet 24 (as shown in BL, the surrounding area is composed of electromagnets 25,
It is constructed so that a permanent magnet 26 is fitted into it by hollowing it out.

The example shown in Figure 4 is a circular type field pole, and the figure fa
As shown in figure t, the structure was made up of only permanent magnets 27, but as shown in figure 2), the surroundings were made up of electromagnets 28, and the inside was hollowed out and permanent magnets 29 were fitted, or The same figure (as shown in C1, a pair of electromagnets 30
and a permanent magnet 31 located therebetween. That is, in the same figure (BL), a configuration similar to that in FIG. 3 is adopted, and in the same figure (C1), a configuration similar to that in FIG. 2 is adopted.

In addition, in the examples shown in Figures 2 to 4 above, the configuration shown in Figure 3 may be adopted for the plate type field pole, or conversely, the configuration shown in Figure 2 may be adopted for the columnar type field pole. Of course, you can do so. Further, the arrangement of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet may be reversed. In other words, it goes without saying that the examples shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 may be combined and modified.

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a control system when the variable magnetic field type motor of the present invention is used in an automobile, Fig. 6 is a diagram showing torque versus rotation speed characteristics in the motor, and Fig. 7 is a diagram showing accelerator opening and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an electromagnet on/off switching map based on vehicle speed, and is a diagram for explaining the flow of processing by the control section.

In FIG. 5, a ROM 47 stores control programs, control mode tables, etc.
48 is used by the CPU 44 to store a work area, control information, etc. when executing processing. The CPU 44 is a control computer that controls the field pole of the motor, and receives signals of the accelerator opening and vehicle speed from the accelerator opening sensor 41 and the vehicle speed sensor 42 through the input boat 43, and determines the control mode of the field pole of the motor. do. Then, a control signal is generated according to the determination, and the current of the electromagnet 46 is controlled through the output port 45, thereby controlling the strength of the magnetic field of the field pole of the motor.

For example, when applied to a motor vehicle, the strength of the magnetic field and the characteristics of torque versus rotational speed are shown in Figure 6. If the magnetic field is created only by permanent magnets, the characteristics will be 2-speed, but if the magnetic field is created only by permanent magnets, the characteristics will be 2-speed. If used together to strengthen the magnetic field, high torque characteristics will be obtained at the low speed of the first gear. Therefore, when looking at the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed, as shown in FIG. 7, the area where the electromagnet can be used in combination tends to expand as the accelerator opening degree increases in a region where the vehicle speed is low. Therefore, such a map may be stored in the ROM 47 in the system shown in FIG.
By setting it in the memory such as TH, magnet on/off switching judgment processing as shown in Fig. 8 is performed and the electromagnet is controlled, improving the acceleration performance of the automobile and the stability of driving. Can be done.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the process of the above embodiment (FIG. 8), only the on/off control of the electromagnet was shown, but the current flowing through the electromagnet may also be controlled.

As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, permanent magnets are used during high-speed and constant-speed rotation, and permanent magnets and electromagnets are used together during acceleration and high load to achieve high torque and low rotation range. can be produced. Therefore, conventional 2
If the present invention is applied to a device that requires a transmission with a higher speed than that of the motor, the need for such a transmission is eliminated by changing the specification of the motor, and the system can be downsized and simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which a variable magnetic field type motor according to the present invention is mounted for driving an automobile, and FIGS.
The figure shows an example of the shape and configuration of the field poles. Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of a control system when the variable magnetic field motor of the present invention is used in an automobile. Figure 6 shows the torque versus rotational speed of the motor. Figure 7 is a diagram showing the characteristics, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of an electromagnet on/off switching map depending on the accelerator opening degree and vehicle speed.
The figure is a diagram for explaining the flow of processing by the control unit.
The figure shows an example of a control system configuration for a hybrid vehicle.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a control unit, and Fig. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a DC motor that is also used for driving automobiles. , Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a DC brushless morph that is also used for driving automobiles. , 2... commutator, 3 and 13...
・Brush, 4 and 14... Electromagnet, 5 and 15... Permanent magnet, 6 and 16... Armature, 7 and 17... Rotating shaft, 8 and 18... Tire, 12... slip ring. Applicant Aisin Warner Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Ryukichi Abe (3 others) Figure 1 (α) (b) (α) (ν) Figure 4

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A variable magnetic field type motor capable of switching control between constant excitation and variable excitation, characterized in that the field pole is divided and configured by a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. (2) The variable magnetic field type motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor is divided into a central magnetic pole and peripheral magnetic poles surrounding the central magnetic pole. (3) The variable magnetic field type motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor is divided into a central magnetic pole and counter magnetic poles arranged on both sides of the magnetic pole. (4) Used for driving a vehicle, the electromagnet is de-energized when driving at a constant speed, and the excitation of the electromagnet is controlled according to changes in operating conditions such as during acceleration or high load. The variable magnetic field type motor according to item 1.