JPH01165909A - Method for measuring dimension of three-dimensional piping - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To safely and easily perform inspection with high accuracy within a short time by a few persons, by measuring a collimation point by a three-dimensional position measuring apparatus using two or more measuring apparatuses to calculate the center axis of the bent pipe provided on the outer shape of a bent pipe. CONSTITUTION:A plurality of collimation points 83 are set to the outer surface of a bent pipe to be subjected to dimensional inspection to be displayed. The bend pipe is placed in the measuring area 82, which is surrounded by four reference points 81 whose three-dimensional position coordinates of a measuring coordinates system are clear and three-dimensional position measuring devices D11, D12 can be measured by the collimation of two reference points 81. The three-dimensional position coordinates of the collimation points are calculated from the solid angles alpha11, theta11, alpha12, theta12 collimating the collimation points 83 becoming points to be measured using the devices D11, D12 whose three-dimensional positions are clear. The equation of the center axis of the bent pipe is calculated on the basis of the coordinates values of said respective points by an operational processor and the dimension of the bent pipe after bending processing is calculated on the basis of said equation.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for inspecting the dimensions of a metal tube having a bent portion, and is particularly suitable for inspecting the dimensions of a metal tube after hot or cold bending. This relates to a method for measuring dimensions.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, with the aim of streamlining piping production and installation work in many fields such as power generation plan 1-2 chemical plants, bent pipes that are made by bending straight steel pipes have been introduced instead of conventional pipe joints (elbows). Recruitment is increasing. Conventionally, when bending steel pipes, strict collimation was required in terms of dimensional accuracy, flatness, etc.;
After completing the bending process, we measured the usage of various measurement points as shown in Figure 13, and also inspected the purchase price of the cutting position.

This inspection work is carried out on an inspection surface plate, where the actual size shape of the metal tube is marked, the metal pipe is carefully placed on this second plate so as to minimize the deviation from the marked line, and then the deviation is By measuring the amount, the dimensions of the metal face pipe were measured.

An example of a pipe shape for such measurements is shown in Figure 5 (
There are cases shown in A) to (D), and in particular, for three-dimensional pipes as shown in Fig. S (D), it was necessary to change the posture of the pipe during measurement work, which required a large amount of inspection time.

For this reason, various methods have been devised to shorten the inspection time.

As a representative example, there is a method for visually determining the overall shape of a three-dimensional object (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-87807) as a non-contact measuring method for the external shape of a three-dimensional object, or A measuring method described in JP-A No. 62-69106) has been proposed. A known example of a method using these methods for measuring the dimensions of piping is a method for measuring the bending of a baton-like object (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 71307/1983). This method measures the bending by calculating the coordinates of the center point of the pipe from the outer shape at three locations on the straight pipe, but this method only measures the amount of bending compared to a straight pipe. , which is essentially different from the dimensional measurements required for bent pipes. There is no known example of measuring the dimensions of a pipe having a bend (hereinafter referred to as a 11111 pipe).

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

2. When bending a straight steel pipe using the conventional technology, the bent pipe is often made with a longer dimension by adding extra length to the production dimensions, and then cut to the production dimensions later, and the inspection function described above is required. There is no one-dimensional piping dimension measurement system that has the function of displaying the cutting position of the pipe after bending and the distance from the pipe end to the beveling position.

Therefore, the conventional technique has the disadvantage that it is extremely time-consuming when measuring the dimensions of pipes that have a particularly complex three-dimensional shape.

The object of the present invention is to efficiently bend the manufactured bent pipe into 1i11
The purpose of this invention is to provide a method that allows one person to easily measure bent pipes, which has conventionally been done manually by several people.

[Means for solving problems]

``1.'' The objective is to use two or more units that can easily measure the position coordinates of the necessary sighting point in order to find the central axis of the bent tube provided on the outside of the bent tube. A three-dimensional position measuring device using a surveying instrument, a storage device that stores the known manufacturing dimensions of the pipe, and a device for calculating and outputting the dimensions and cutting position of the pipe from the position coordinates of the sighting point. In a three-dimensional pipe dimension measuring method comprising a processing device, an output device for outputting the output results of the processing device, and a keyboard for operating the various devices described in 1., a) determining the central axis of the pipe; (jj) In order to determine the dimensions of the bent pipe, the position coordinates of the sight point provided on the pipe surface are measured using the measurement method using the three-dimensional position measuring device. This is achieved by using the processing device to calculate the equation of the central axis of the tube, then calculate and output the intersection of two straight lines.

In addition, as an aspect when implementing the present invention, (iii)
In order to support the purchase of cutting and bevel processing positions, the cutting and beveling positions are determined from the predetermined dimensions of the pipe stored in the storage device, and the position coordinate system of the three-dimensional position measuring device is calculated. (1v) In order to perform a piping dimension inspection, when the above calculation output results are displayed on the output device (display device and printer device), the measurement and post-measurement It is convenient for welding. □ [Operation] By using a collimation measuring device in the three-dimensional measuring device, an automatic tracking device that is required when using an optical measuring device is no longer necessary, and the device becomes simple. This collimating measuring device transmits the three-dimensional angle of the collimating measuring device itself at the time when the collimating point on the bent pipe is sighted to the processing device, so it is necessary to look at the collimating point 81 as shown in Fig. 8. This is possible if you have two collimation measuring devices Dll and D12, a processing device, and an input/output device (none of which are shown) installed at positions where the collimation point can be set. It is possible to measure even complex-shaped bent pipes from a position away from the measurement area without touching the bent pipe, and it is possible to efficiently measure three-dimensional position coordinates.

Furthermore, by creating rules to minimize the number of sighting points using the skeleton shape pattern classification method,
Measurement efficiency is further improved.

In addition, (a) the determined dimensions of the bent pipe, (b) the default pipe manufacturing dimensions stored in the storage device, (c) the distance from the pipe end to the cutting position, and (d) the groove line position. By displaying the distance between the two on a display or printer, the dimensions of the bent pipe can be measured, and the cutting made on the skeleton can be performed.
It supports purchasing work for bevel processing, and enables efficient inspection of metal pipes after bending and preparation work for the next process.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention, and FIGS.
The figure is a block diagram when a device capable of measuring the three-dimensional position coordinates of a sighting point by collimating is applied as the three-dimensional position measuring device 5 shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart 1 to 1 for explaining the piping dimension inspection method.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a storage device that stores input data representing the shape of a bent pipe to be manufactured (hereinafter referred to as bending pipe manufacturing data). 2 is (a) arithmetic processing for determining the dimensions of the bent pipe from the three-dimensional coordinate data of the sight point measured by the three-dimensional position measuring device 5 according to a predetermined measurement method corresponding to the pipe shape; and (b) importing the bending pipe production data from the storage device 1 online and determining cutting dimensions from the dimensions of the bending pipe.

This is a processing device that performs arithmetic processing to obtain groove processing dimensions. Reference numeral 4 denotes an output device that prints the results processed in step 2.

6 and 3 are a display device and an input device (keyboard) necessary for operating 1, 2, and 4.5.

In FIG. 2, the three-dimensional position measuring device 5 includes four collimation measuring devices 7 and processing for calculating the three-dimensional position coordinates of the collimating point from the data sent from each collimating measuring device 7. The device 6 is configured to include a device 6.

In FIG. 3, the collimating device 7 includes (a) a collimating device 8 having a function of collimating a collimating point and detecting a solid angle at the time of collimating, and (b) the collimating device 8, and (c) an input device 10.

Here, the processing device 2 and the processing device 6 are separated in order to make the present embodiment easier to understand, and in reality, processing is performed by the same processing device. That is, FIG. 3 does not show the arrangement of the constituent members, but rather shows the connection of the functional parts.

FIG. 4 shows a series of processes of the three-dimensional pipe dimension measuring system. In step 1, based on the input pipe number, operation data including the target pipe is searched from among the piping manufacturing data registered in the storage device 1 and taken into the memory of the processing device 2. Next, from the imported dimensional data of the skeleton production data Cq), the cutting dimensions and beveling dimensions from the intersection of the bending parts at both ends of the skeleton are calculated and stored in the memory of the processing device 2. It is something to do.

In the above embodiment, the cutting dimensions and the beveling dimensions are determined by the processing device 2.
However, as a different embodiment, it may be calculated in advance and registered in the storage device 1.

Next, in step 2, among the data stored in the processing device 2 in step 1, the pipe manufacturing dimensions, cutting dimensions, and beveling dimensions are displayed on the display 6, and the pipe No. entered in step 1 is displayed for the measurer. It conveys the shape and dimensions of the piping.

Regarding the shape of piping, it is classified into straight pipes without bends and bent pipes with bends, and bent pipes are classified into - flat-shaped bent pipes with bends on a plane and curved pipes with bends on a plane, as shown in Figure 5. ,
It is classified as a three-dimensional bent pipe that has two or more plane bends. For example, a pipe with one bend (hereinafter referred to as
■The pipe with two bends (hereinafter referred to as the 2-bent pipe) has the shape pattern shown in Figure 5 (A, ), and the pipe with two bends (hereinafter referred to as the 2-bent pipe) is one of (B), (C), and (D). It becomes any shape pattern.

Furthermore, piping with three or more bends is similarly classified into several types of patterns, but since they are complicated,
They are classified into planar facing pipes and three-dimensional facing pipes, and the angle formed by the angle of the bent part and the face of the bent part adjacent to the face of one bent part (hereinafter referred to as the turning angle). ) and the dimensions of each part (see Figure 5).

Next, in step 3, the measurer performs the task of setting a sight point necessary for measuring the dimensions of the skeleton on the piping. Here, rules for setting the sight point are determined in advance based on the shape pattern of the piping. For example, for a skeleton with a planar shape as shown in FIG. 411 points on the line), (i.e., the collimation point 61.,
62°63.64) as the aiming point. In particular, the sight points 61 and 64 near the tube end are the tube end apex.

(]1) By providing the dimensions (L1 to L2 in Fig. 5 (A)
and L) and the bending angle ((Jl) in FIG. 5(A)).

In addition, similarly to the center line of the straight pipe section, the center line of the bent section is moved in the vertical direction, and three points on the curve (i.e., collimation points 65, 66° 67) when expressed on the pipe surface are By setting this, the radius of the bent portion can be determined.

The above is an explanation of a planar bent pipe, but regarding setting the sight point for a three-dimensional bent pipe, as shown in Figure 8, in order to obtain the central axis of the straight pipe part of a three-dimensional skeleton, Measures dimensions and bending angles by clearly indicating two sets of sighting points for all the straight pipe parts that the skeleton has, where the sighting point and the sighting point are placed at positions sandwiching the diameter of the skeleton. becomes possible.

When setting this sighting point, it is convenient to use a jig such as the one shown in two views in FIG.

The example described below is a method for setting the necessary and minimum sighting points in order to obtain the equation of the central axis of the bent pipe, and deformations such as ovalization and bending of the skeleton are ignored. There is.

In order to improve measurement accuracy including these points, it is necessary to set many effective collimation points, but these may be determined as appropriate in consideration of the balance between measurement time and accuracy.

Next, in step 4 (FIG. 4), the three-dimensional position coordinates of the set sight point are determined using a three-dimensional position measuring device.

The measurement principle and handling method of the three-dimensional position measuring device using the collimator configured as shown in the block diagrams of FIGS. 2 and 3 will be explained next with reference to FIG. 8.

This three-dimensional position measuring device has four points representing the measurement coordinate system.
The three-dimensional position coordinates of each three-dimensional position measuring device are placed around the target tube, which is placed in a measurement area surrounded by clear reference points, and are movable. The position is any 2 of the 4 bases (6 points 8)
Measurement is possible by aiming at two reference points.

Two measuring devices D□H, D that can clearly determine this three-dimensional position
12, the solid angle α11. 011. α12. The three-dimensional position coordinates of the sight point are determined from Os2.

Therefore, it is possible to perform measurements with two measuring devices Dll D12, but each time the measuring device moves, it becomes necessary to re-measure the three-dimensional position coordinates of the measuring device itself. In order to measure dimensions efficiently, install four such 111 constant devices around the measurement area 82, and in particular, measure from a position where θ1/012 is between 30° and 75° to achieve high accuracy and efficiency. Good measurement work is possible.

(b) Set the three-dimensional position coordinates of this sight point to the solid angle α
11. θ11. α12.012 is expressed as the three-dimensional position coordinate D11 (X11+ylit Z 11
) +D1z (x engineering 21 yl, 2! Z12), and (b) the calculation process to calculate the three-dimensional position coordinates of the measuring device itself from the solid angle at the time when the two reference points are collimated. This is done using device 6.

The laws of geometry used in this calculation process include calculations on a triangle whose side length and the angle between the sides are known, and calculations on a triangle whose two side lengths and included angles are known. The results of the processing are transferred to the internal memory of the processing device 2.

When using the three-dimensional position measuring device described above, the measurer manually manufactures each part 7 (the display device 9 and the input device 10 (FIG. 3) provided in the oral position measuring device). However, the measurement is performed by collimating the collimation points, which are the points to be measured, in order with the collimator 8.

Next, in step 5 (Fig. 4), based on the three-dimensional position coordinate data of the aiming point of the tube, which was previously sent to the internal memory of the processing device 2 in step 4, the dimensions of the skeleton, ... Rosa angle 2. Perform processing to obtain the bending radius.

The contents of this process will be explained next according to flowcharts 1 to 1 in FIG.

First, in step 5-1, the number of bends (hereinafter referred to as the number of bends) of the target tube is set to n.

Therefore, in the case of a straight pipe, n=o, and in the case of a single vent pipe, n=
In the case of 1,2 Ben and 1 pipe, n=2.

Next, in step 5-2, processing is performed to convert the collimation point position coordinates of the straight pipe section of the skeleton into coordinates of the center point of the straight pipe section. This conversion process is performed when viewing 7<f! It depends on the rules for setting points. For example, if a skeleton has a planar shape as shown in Figure 6,
And, if the sighting point setting work follows the sighting point setting rules, even if "the sighting point position coordinates and the center point coordinates are equal," in calculating the dimension 2 bending angle 7 bending radius, No problem.

In addition, for a three-dimensional bent pipe, calculation processing is performed so that the point that bisects the distance between a pair of sighting points located at both ends of the diameter becomes the center point of the pipe.

Next, in step 5-3, the bending angle is determined only for bent pipes (that is, pipes with one or more bends).

The dimensions are determined, and for three-dimensional bent pipes, the turning angle is also determined. The processing content here will be described in detail later and will not be explained here.

Next, in step 5-4, the distance (L) between the center points at both ends of the skeleton is determined.

The processing content here is to find the distance between the two center points at both ends of the bent pipe among the center point coordinates of the straight pipe part found in step 5-2.

Next, in step 5-5, the bending radius of the existing bending portion is determined.

The process here is to repeat the process of finding the radius of a perfect circle passing through the three center points on the plane determined by the coordinates of the three center points of the bend obtained in step 5-2 several times for the bend. This is done by

Next, in step 5-6, the cutting position dimensions and groove position dimensions existing at both ends of the bent pipe are determined (these dimensions are
(calculated as the distance from the nearest tube end sighting point).

The contents of this calculation process are as follows. That is, 111
Cutting dimension of the front end of the bent pipe from the first dimension of the 0zu pipe.

The dimension obtained by subtracting the groove dimension is the distance from the front end of the bent pipe, and the dimension obtained by subtracting the cutting dimension of the rear part of the pipe and the bevel dimension from the Ln dimension of the 110-piece pipe is the distance from the rear end of the pipe. is the distance.

Here, details of the process of step 5-3 described above will be explained according to flowchart 1 in FIG. 10.

The principle of this arithmetic processing is explained by taking as an example the 3-bend three-dimensional pipe shown in Fig. 11. The bending angle (01 to 03
), turning angle (α2~α3), dimensions of each part of the piping (LX~L
4), and the dimension (L) between the pipe ends is the intersection of the bending parts (
P1 to P3), coordinates of the center point of the tube end (Pil, P23
) is now possible to find.

Step 5-3-1 of flowchart 1 in FIG.
This is the process performed in the next step 5-3-2 to find the intersection of the bending parts, and this will be explained with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 12, the symbol P represents the center point of the tube.

The suffix J attached to the above code P indicates that it is the fifth straight pipe section. Therefore, the suffix, ■
+1 represents the next straight pipe section.

] or 2 added to the above suffix J (or J+1) via a comma is as follows. However, which side should be the tip side can be set as appropriate.

Here, four straight pipe center points PJ, 1, PJ, 2,
Among Pa++, +, PJt, 2, the center point PJ+1.2 on the bending part side of the J+1 straight pipe part is corrected. This method is based on PJ, 1. PJ, 2, PJ+1.2
Find the equation of the plane Sa consisting of three points, and calculate this plane S
PJ+ so that the center point p,+ of the straight pipe section exists on J
PJ+1.1 by rotating the coordinates of 1.1 about the central axis M, + of the straight pipe section. The coordinates of I are corrected and the corrected coordinates P', l+1.1 are determined.

Next, in Step 5-: 3-2, the fifth bending part intersection coordinates and the bending angle (C1; +) of the J-th bending part are adjusted to the four straight pipe parts corrected in Step 5-3-1. Find from the center point.

Next, in step 5-3-3, the process is executed only for the first bent part, and the center point of the leading straight pipe end,
Find the distance between the intersection point of the first bending part.

In addition, in step 5-3-4, for bent pipes with two or more bends, the fifth bend intersection and the previous bend intersection (
Find the distance (L, ]) between the
Furthermore, in step 5-3-5, the plane S of the n-th bending portion is determined with respect to the plane 5n-i of the n-1th bending portion. Find the counterclockwise angle (αJ) formed by

Next, in step 5-3-4, the distance (Ln+1) between the center point of the rear end of the bent pipe (center point of the n+1 straight pipe part) and the center point of the n-th bent part is calculated and processed. Complete.

The above is a detailed explanation of the processing in step 5-3, and this concludes the explanation of the contents of the arithmetic processing of the processing device 2 in step 5.

Next, in step 6, the information obtained in step 5 is output to the display 6 or output device 4. FIG. 14 shows an example of the output.

In this case, by displaying the fixed dimensions of the bent pipe side so that they can be compared with the pipe manufacturing dimensions displayed on the display 6 in step 2, inspection work becomes easier. By calculating and displaying the distance to the cutting point, the system supports the painting work of the cutting position and beveling position, thereby improving work efficiency.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, various bending pipes, ranging from straight pipes to planar or three-dimensional pipes having a plurality of bends, can be bent with a bending radius of 2 dimensions.

Since bending angles and turning angles can be measured using a three-dimensional position measuring device, it is an excellent practical tool that allows dimensional inspection of bent pipes to be performed safely, easily, and with high accuracy by a small number of people in a short period of time. It has the desired effect.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. 2 and 3 are block diagrams when a collimation measuring device is used in the three-dimensional position measuring device of FIG. 1. Figure 4 shows the flowcharts 1 to 1 of a series of processes of the three-dimensional piping dimension measurement system, Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the classification of piping shapes, and Figure 6 is a flowchart for explaining the rules for setting the collimation point. A perspective view, FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the collimation point setting instrument, and FIG. 8 is a principle diagram of the collimation measuring device. 9 and 10 are flowcharts of the processing device,
1 to 14 are explanatory diagrams of arithmetic processing. 1. Storage device, 2. Processing device, 3.. Input device, 4.
- Output device, 5--Three-dimensional position measuring device, 6-Display, 7--Collimation measuring device, 8--Collimating device, 9--Display device, 10--Input device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. (a) Setting and marking a plurality of sighting points on the outer surface of a metal tube having a bent portion to be dimensional inspected; (b) Installing two or more surveying instruments. (c) sighting the plurality of sighting points with the two or more surveying instruments by predetermining the interval dimensions; (d) Based on the coordinate values of each point mentioned above, determine the equation of the central axis of the metal tube using an arithmetic processing device; (e) Based on the above equation, determine the coordinates of the metal tube. A three-dimensional piping dimension measurement method characterized by calculating the dimensions of the pipe after bending. 2. A patent characterized in that the processing dimensions of the metal tube are known in advance, and the dimensions of the cutting location and the groove are calculated by calculation based on the known dimensions, and these are displayed. A method for measuring dimensions of three-dimensional piping according to claim 1.