JPH01159869A - Method for alternating processing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To shorten an alternating processing time without reducing an effective recording capacity by dividing a recording area into plural blocks, providing one alternating area for each block, and recording information to be recorded in a defective sector in an alternating area in a block to which the defective sector belongs. CONSTITUTION:A user area is divided into blocks A1, A2,...,A100, and for each of the divided blocks A1-A100, the alternating area is provided by 1 track. For example, an alternating area 103 of 1 track is provided to a block 102 of the A1, and for other blocks, the alternating areas are provided by 1 track in the same way. To the alternating area in the block to which the defec tive sector belongs, the information to be recorded to the defective sector is recorded. Thus, the effective recording capacity cannot be widely reduced, and the alternating processing time can be shortened.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an alternative processing method for recording media such as magneto-optical disks.

[Prior Art] In a conventional magneto-optical disk drive, an alternative processing method for replacing information to be recorded in a defective sector with a normal sector is to provide one or more alternative sectors within one track, and to replace the information to be recorded in a defective sector with a normal sector. When the alternative sectors of
Alternative processing methods are known that replace track-by-track, particularly defined areas.

In addition, as another alternative processing method, there is an alternative processing method in which a relatively wide alternative area is provided in a part of the recording area and this alternative area is used instead.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The former method uses 1 to 2 J of the recording area as an alternative sector, so there is a problem in that the effective recording capacity is greatly reduced. Also, if you replace each track,
There is a problem that the processing time becomes long.

On the other hand, the latter method has a problem in that a seek operation is required when performing alternative processing, which increases the time required for alternative processing. For example, a read process of 2 sectors typically takes 2 to 3 m.
When the alternative process is started, the average seek time is 102 to 103 seconds when the average seek time is 100 layers Sec.
Waiting time for 10 rotations (10 rasec to 10 m5e)
c), and the processing speed decreases by an order of magnitude.

On the other hand, the track pitch of magneto-optical disk devices is more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than that of magnetic disk devices, so the track pitch is 0.1
High precision track positioning of approximately #Lm is required. Compared to this positioning accuracy, in order to follow a large disk eccentricity of several tens of meters, a tracking performance faster than that of a magnetic disk device is required. Therefore, two-stage actuator tracking is employed, which combines a coarse actuator that moves a heavy optical system (average seek of about 100 ILsec) and a high-speed fine actuator (average seek number of psec). For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1O, a linear motor 1005 is used as the coarse actuator, and a galvanometer 1004 is used as the fine actuator. This increases seek time.

[Means for solving the problem] The present invention divides the recording area of a recording medium into a plurality of blocks, provides at least one alternative area in one block, and provides the alternative area in the block to which a defective sector belongs. Information to be recorded in the defective sector is recorded in the area.

[Function] The present invention divides the recording area of a recording medium into a plurality of blocks, provides at least one alternative area in one of the blocks, and sets the defective sector in the alternative area in the block to which the defective sector belongs. Since the information that should be recorded is recorded, the effective recording capacity does not decrease significantly, and
Alternative processing time is short.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the format of a magneto-optical disk showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2(1) and 2(2) are diagrams showing alternative management areas in the above embodiment.

The user area in the above embodiment is 10 as shown in FIG.
0 blocks A1. A2)..., A100, and one track of alternative area is provided for each divided block Al-A100. For example, A
One block 102 is provided with a one-track alternative area 103, and the other blocks are similarly provided with one-track alternative areas.

The range of the above block is the range of seek within the field of view by the optical system (seek time 5 ec) (10 100 sec)
track) is preferred, but ranges other than that range may be used.

Defect information in the magneto-optical disk is recorded in the alternative management area 105, and this defect information is initially registered when producing the magneto-optical disk, or is additionally registered during format processing by the user or when a new defect is detected. Ru.

FIG. 3 shows an alternative management sector 301 in an alternative management area, and a header section 302 of this alternative management sector 301 has an alternative table 303 for the sector 301. The header section records the sector address and synchronization signal.

FIG. 5(1) is a diagram showing a user block and an alternative block for explaining alternative processing, and FIG. 5(2) to (4)
is a diagram showing an alternative management table on memory.

Address information (defective information) of defective sectors is registered in the alternative management sector 301 in ascending address order, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5.

In the above embodiment, one alternative management sector is shown in FIG. 2 (1).
As shown in the figure, each sector is made up of 8 sectors, has one generation of old management information and the latest management information, and has the same information written four times. In this case, the same alternative information is prohibited from being placed in sectors arranged on the same radius.

Further, the reference numeral 205 shown in FIG. 2 (2) is the same as that shown in FIG. 2 (1).
2 shows a portion 202 of the format 201 of the alternative management area shown on the magneto-optical disk.

Note that the specifications of the magneto-optical disk in the above embodiment are as follows. Total recording area is 20100) racks, user area is 191300) racks, alternative area is 10
0 track, alternative management area is 5 tracks, 13 sectors/track, 1024 bytes/sector.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be explained.

First, the reading operation of the first alternative management information will be explained.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the process of writing alternative management information when loading a magneto-optical disk in the above embodiment.

When loading of the magneto-optical disk is completed, the magneto-optical disk device writes management information to the memory within the magneto-optical disk device based on the contents of the alternative management area in the magneto-optical disk.

In other words, sector al of 1 alternative management area 201.

Write the contents of bl to the memory of the magneto-optical disk device (S
6), sectors aI and bl are each written four times (a+',...*al', 1)1'+.
...+b+'), select the item that has been recorded normally from among these.

Compare the values of the old and new counters in the header 302 of sectors aI and bl (Figure 4 shows the header part of the alternative management sector, and the counter is composed of bits 4 to 7 of byte 1 in this header part).S7) , if the contents of the old and new counters of a are greater than the contents of the old and new counters of b, then sector a
Write the contents of sectors 1 to a8 to the memory (59). Conversely, if the contents of the old and new counters of a are less than or equal to the contents of the old and new counters of b, write the contents of sectors bl to b8 to the memory (S8
).

The new/old counter is incremented by 2 when the alternative information is updated. for example.

If the contents of sector all-all are the latest information and the value of the old and new counters is 1, and the contents of sectors b1 to b8 are information from one generation ago and the value of the old and new counters is 2, and the alternative information is updated, sector b1 The contents of ~b8 are updated, the old and new counter values are incremented from 1 to 3, and the contents of sector b
The contents of 1 to b8 are the latest information. In addition, the values of the old and new counters are the number of cycles as shown in Figure 7 (1), and
They have a size relationship as shown in Figure (2).

In S8 and S9, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), when the sector (area 205, 202) becomes unreadable due to the acquired defect 206, b1', b21,
b32) lz', b5', b61. bl1
゜bBl is included, S9 smell Te a+', a2+,
a3'+aJzt &5+, a6+, a7'
, as', the alternative information written to this memory is used as one alternative management table.

Next, a write operation to an unreplaced defective sector will be explained.

Sector S3 shown in FIG. 5 is a counter that is registered in the replacement management table (a part of which is shown in FIG. 5(2)), but for which one replacement process has not been performed. In addition,
516, the left address 2170-5 (21
70 is a track address, 5 is a sector address in a narrow sense)
indicates sector S3, O-0 on the right indicates that sector S3 has not been replaced, and furthermore, the sector at address 2111-8 written above it is at address 2199.
-3 indicates that it has been replaced.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the write process in the above embodiment, and is a flowchart showing the operation of writing to the defective sector S3.

First, search the alternative management table and check whether sector 53 (address 2170-5) is registered (S
l i) If the safeter S3 is registered in the alternative management table (S12), it is checked whether this sector has already been replaced (S13), in fact, the lower byte of 1 alternative management information 516 is Check whether it is 0 or not. If the lower byte is 0, it has not been substituted; if it is other than 0, it has been substituted, and if it has not been substituted, the unused start address pointer of the corresponding substitute block (in this example, the pointer is 506 (address 2199) -4), and alternatively writes to the sector indicated by (1) in FIG.
S l 6).

Then, the unused start address pointer of the alternative block is incremented (S17), and the alternative sector address is registered in the alternative management table (the post-registration status is displayed in the part indicated by reference numeral 514 in FIG. 5(3)). ) (518), and then by verifying,
Check whether writing was performed correctly (S19)
.

Next, a write operation to an unregistered defective sector will be explained.

FIG. 8 also shows the operation of writing the contents to be written into the unregistered defective sector S4 in the alternative management table in the above embodiment.

First, search the 1 alternative management table and check whether sector S4 (address 2150-11) is registered (
sii), if sector 4 is not registered in the alternative management table (S l 2), it is not clear at this time whether or not sector S4 is a defective sector.
2150-11) (S15), and performs a write check to see if the write was performed correctly (S19). If the write cannot be performed correctly, write again to the same sector (S15). ).

At this time, the same sector S4 is erased and then written, and the write check is performed (521). If the i write is not performed correctly, the sector indicated by the unused start address pointer of the corresponding alternative block (in this example, 507 (address 2
119-5)) (S l 6), and increment the unused start address pointer of one alternative block S l 7), and write sector S4 to code 5.
Substitution information indicating substitution to the sector indicated by 07 is registered in the substitution management table (s i g). This state is indicated by reference numeral 515 in FIG. 5(4).

Here, when registering the above-mentioned alternative information in the alternative management table, the alternative information to be registered is inserted into a corresponding position in the table arranged in ascending order of addresses.

Furthermore, in the above flowchart, even if a defective sector exists in the replacement block, the defective sector is not replaced, but is replaced with an unused sector, so that it functions correctly.

Further, although not shown in the above flowchart, when a predetermined alternative block is used up, the alternative block is replaced by a neighboring alternative block. That is, when the alternative area within a given block is exhausted, the alternative area is replaced with an alternative area within a block located near the block.

In the above embodiment, by providing at least one alternative area in each block, the alternative processing time can be shortened, and furthermore, a decrease in recording capacity can be suppressed. Furthermore, even if the alternative area in a block is used up, it is replaced by a nearby alternative area, so that the processing time for one alternative can be shortened.

Next, the read operation of the sector replaced by one will be explained.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of reading the replaced sector S1.

First, the replacement management table is searched to determine whether there is a replacement (331). In the replacement management table, the address information of defective sectors is arranged in ascending order of their addresses, making it easy to search for defective sectors.

Then, if there is a registration in the substitution management table (S32) as shown by reference numeral 511 in FIG. 5(2), a seek is performed to read the substitute sector. Therefore, set it to
The above seek is a seek within the field of view of the optical system (seek time l
Ofimsec) is sufficient (S33), and the alternative sector is read (S34). On the other hand, if there is no registration in the alternative management table at 532, the original sector is read (535).

Next, the operation of recording updated alternative information on the magneto-optical disk will be explained.

The substitute information updated on the memory in the magneto-optical disk device is recorded on the magneto-optical disk when the magneto-optical disk is ejected or when a write command from the host computer ends. This alternative management sector (8 sectors) is the second
As shown in the figure, fortune-telling is carried out four times. The reason for writing 4 times like this is due to acquired defects (defects due to scratches, adhesion of dust, etc.)
This is to prevent the replacement information from being lost when a portion of the replacement management sector is destroyed due to the destruction of the replacement management sector.

Instead of writing four times, write at least twice, such as twice or three times. In this case, the same alternative information is placed in sectors lined up on the same radius. prohibited.

Generally, acquired defects are local, and in most cases, for example, they are partially destroyed, as shown by reference numeral 206 in FIG. 2(2). However, the track pitch is 1.6p
m, so the destruction often spans several tens of tracks. In this case, the same information (sectors) are not lined up in the same radial direction in the multiplexed alternative management sector (
Each sector is arranged as shown in Figure 2 (1))
Therefore, multiple pieces of the same information will not be destroyed at the same time.

In addition, in the above embodiment, instead of the magneto-optical disk,
Optical discs may also be used.

In the above embodiment, the 7 address information (defective information) of the defective sector is registered in the alternative management sector 301 in ascending order of address, but instead, the address information of the defective sector may be registered in descending order of address. .

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, there is an effect that the effective recording capacity does not decrease significantly and the alternative processing time is short.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the format of a magneto-optical disk according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an alternative management area in the above embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the format of the alternative management sector. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the contents of the header part of the alternative management sector in the above embodiment. FIG. 5(1) is a diagram showing a user block and an alternative block for explaining alternative processing, and FIG. 5(2) to (4)
is a diagram showing an alternative management table on memory. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the process of writing alternative management information when loading a magneto-optical disk in the above embodiment. FIGS. 7(1) and 7(2) are diagrams showing the number of cycles, which are old and new counter values in the header, and their magnitude relationships. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of write processing in the above embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the read operation in the above embodiment. FIG. 1θ is an explanatory diagram of the two-stage actuator tracking method in the above embodiment. S1 to 34,505...defective sectors. SL', 32', 506.507...alternative sector 10
3.502...Alternative area, 105.201.205...Alternative management area, 206
...Defective part, 301...Alternative management sector, 503.510...Sector address in a narrow sense. Patent applicant Canon Co., Ltd. Agent Arata Yokubo - Esoγ Figure 4 Figure 6

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) When the sector in which information is to be recorded is a defective sector, the information to be recorded in that sector is recorded in an alternative area, and the recorded information and the alternative information are recorded on the same recording medium. dividing the recording area of the recording medium into a plurality of blocks;
An alternative processing method, characterized in that at least one alternative area is provided in one of the blocks, and information to be recorded in the defective sector is recorded in the alternative area in the block to which the defective sector belongs. (2) The alternative processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the predetermined alternative area of the block is used up, the alternative area is replaced with an alternative area in a block near the block. (3) The alternative processing method according to claim 1, wherein the size of the block is approximately the same as the size within the range of seek within the field of view of the optical system.