JPH01151698A - Waterproof sheet - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To prevent the early leakage of water by providing a sheet with deformable wrinkles, and by making entirely expandable by the deformation of the wrinkles. CONSTITUTION: When a tension in the direction of the arrow F is applied to a waterproof sheet 1, the respective wave-forms of wrinkles 2 are widened, and the length L1 between A and B is extended by the length ΔL to become the length L2 . The lengths l1 , l2 of flat parts 4 on both sides of wrinkles 2 are unchanged, and little tension is caused in the flat parts 4. Thus, a locally large tension is not caused in the sheet 1, but is caused along the uneven surfaces, and the early leakage of water can be prevented without breakage due to the concentration of tension.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Ll 2 and 1 The present invention covers and extends the surface of various structures, such as civil engineering structures, construction bodies, etc., and prevents water from entering the surface from the outside. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a waterproof sheet that prevents water from seeping out from the surface thereof.

Such tarpaulins are used for tunnels, building walls and roofs,
It is widely used in water tanks, waterways, waste disposal pits, etc., and is made of materials such as rubber and synthetic resin, and has conventionally been formed into a thin, flat plate shape over the entire surface.

For example, when using this waterproof sheet for tunnel construction, a hole corresponding to the tunnel is first dug in the ground 01 as shown in Fig. 11(a), and the surface of this hole is first lined with a mortar layer 02. give Next, a waterproof sheet 03 is stretched along the surface of this mortar layer 02, and this waterproof sheet 0
Concrete was sprayed at high pressure on the back of 3.
A concrete frame 04 is formed as shown in b). The surface of the hole dug in the ground 01 is not smooth but has many irregularities, and the surface of the mortar 1i102 covering this surface also has the same irregularities.

As mentioned above, the flat waterproof sheet 03 is coated with mortar layer 02 by concrete 04 sprayed at high pressure.
The mortar layer 0 is pressed against the uneven surface of the
2 and the concrete frame 04 to prevent groundwater from seeping into the concrete frame 04 from the ground 01.

Figure 12 shows the bottom of the bit in a waterway or waste disposal site.
5 shows an example in which a waterproof sheet 06 is stretched. Although the bottom surface 05 is formed by excavating and compacting the soil, there are considerable unevenness 07 and stones 08 may remain. The waterproof sheet 06 stretched over this is caused by the water pressure or the weight pressure of the waste to cause the uneven parts 07 and stones 08 to
It is crimped along the surface of etc.

By the way, in the case of tunnel construction, the length of the waterproof sheet 03 that naturally follows the mortar layer 02 as shown in FIG. 11(a) is the actual length that follows the uneven surface of the mortar layer 02. It's much shorter than that.

Therefore, when the waterproof sheet 03 is in close contact with the uneven surface of the mortar layer 02, as shown in FIG. 11(b), the waterproof sheet 03 is in a considerably stretched state. However, the entire waterproof sheet 03 is not stretched uniformly; for example, the portion that is in close contact with the valley portion 08 of the unevenness is locally stretched, and tensile stress is concentrated in this portion. Therefore, the waterproof sheet 03 is likely to tear at this stress-concentrated portion, thereby causing early water leakage.

The above also applies to the waterproof sheet 06 in FIG. 12, and stress is generated in the portions that come into close contact with the uneven portions 07, pebbles 08, etc.

Strain is concentrated and water leaks easily from this area.

The present invention was made in view of these circumstances.
The waterproof sheet according to the present invention has deformable pleats, and by deforming the pleats, the entire waterproof sheet can be expanded and contracted.

When this waterproof sheet is stretched over an uneven surface as described above and brought into close contact with the surface, the entire waterproof sheet stretches due to the deformation of the pleats and follows the uneven surface, so that it can be partially stretched. It does not elongate and generate large tensile stress in the local area.

Friend-Tane-1 FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view showing an embodiment of a waterproof sheet according to the present invention. This waterproof sheet 1 consists of corrugated portions 2, 3 formed at appropriate intervals on a flat rubber or synthetic resin sheet, and these corrugated portions 2.3 and flat portions 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the pleats 2, 2, . . . are formed continuously in one direction, and the other pleats 3, 3, .
... are formed intermittently between the folds 2°2 in the direction perpendicular to the folds 2, but the folds 2 and 3 may intersect, or depending on the surface shape on which the waterproof sheet 1 is stretched, Alternatively, only the pleats 2 may be provided. In any case, such a waterproof sheet 1 can be easily manufactured by molding a sheet material using a mold.

This waterproof sheet 1 expands and contracts as follows.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along a line connecting these two points between points A and B in FIG. 1, and (a) shows the state in which the waterproof sheet 1 is left as it is. When a tensile force as shown by arrow F in FIG. 1 is applied to this waterproof sheet 1, the length Ll between AB is extended by Δ to the length 2 as shown in FIG. 2(b).

However, this elongation ΔL is not obtained by the stretching of the material of the waterproof sheet 1 itself, but by the opening of each corrugation of the pleats 2 as shown in the figure. J,,J)2 remains unchanged. Therefore, even though the distance between AB has been extended by AL as a whole, the flat portion 4.
4, almost no tensile stress is generated, and since the elongation of the folded portion 2 is obtained by changing the angle, no large tensile stress is generated in this portion either.

Figures 3 and 4 are the same as Figures 11 and 1 above, respectively.
This drawing shows an example in which the waterproof sheet 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used instead of the waterproof sheet 03.06 shown in FIG. 2, and the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as in FIGS.

Although Figure 11.12 and Figures 3 and 4 are very similar at first glance, there are major differences between the waterproof sheets 03.06 and 1 contained therein. That is, the 11th
．． In the waterproof sheets 03 and 06 shown in Fig. 12, the material itself is locally stretched in the uneven portions as described above, and a large tensile stress is generated in these portions. On the other hand, the waterproof sheet 1 shown in FIG.
There is no extremely large tensile stress anywhere within.

Therefore, this waterproof sheet 1 will not be damaged by local stress and will not cause premature water leakage.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a waterproof sheet 1 constructed in the same manner as in FIG. 1 is adhered to the surface of a quay wall 8 with an adhesive 9 to protect the surface of the quay wall 8. In this case, even if the waterproof sheet 1 is quite thick, it is easily bent by the deformation of the pleats 2, and can be brought into close contact with the uneven surface of the quay surface, so a sufficient adhesive area can be obtained and reliable adhesion can be achieved. It can be performed.

FIG. 13 shows a case where a flat waterproof sheet S without pleats as described above is used. In this case, waterproof sheet S
Since it does not have sufficient flexibility, it tends to make point contact only with the uneven peaks of the surface of the quay, resulting in poor adhesion.

The expansion and contraction of the waterproof sheet 1 has been explained one-dimensionally only in the direction perpendicular to the pleats 2, but by providing the pleats 2 and 3 in two directions, the waterproof sheet 1 can also expand and contract two-dimensionally (planarly). This makes it possible to fit tightly into, for example, circular, elliptical, or other concave recesses without substantial elongation of the material. For example, as shown in Figure 1, two pairs of pleats 2.2
When an oval depression 10 exists on the back side of the flat part 4a surrounded by the folds 3.3, the folds 2.2 on both sides are deformed and the connection between the folds 2.2 and the flat part 4a is marked by the arrow. a
As shown in Figure 3, each side is closer to the depression 10 and extends on both sides.
, 3 are deformed and the connecting portions between the folds 3.3 and the flat stone portions 4a move toward the depressions 10 as indicated by the arrows, so that the flat portions 4a form the depressions 10 without substantial elongation.
It can fall inward and come into close contact with the concave surface of the depression 10. In other words, portion C of the tarpaulin sheet 1 is stretched entirely by the deformation of the folds 2.3, and the material of the tarpaulin sheet 1 itself does not elongate, thus generating substantial tensile stress in any portion. It is possible to make close contact with the concave surface of the recess 10 without causing any damage.

The arrangement and shape of the folds formed on the waterproof sheet 1 are not limited to the extended folds 2 and 3 shown in FIG. 1, but various other arrangements and shapes are possible, and some examples are shown in FIG. 6 and below.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which the extenders 11 and 12 extending in two directions, similar to the extenders 2 and 3 in FIG. 1, are disposed alternately and alternately in both the vertical and horizontal directions. In Fig. 7゜8, circular or elliptical large and small extensions 13゜13 are formed concentrically, and such concentric extensions 13, 13 are formed over the entire surface of the waterproof sheet 1 or on a part thereof. An example of staggered arrangement is shown. 9.10 shows an example in which the cup-shaped pleats 14 are arranged in a staggered manner as in FIG. 7.

1 Plate 2 Emperors 1 As described above, in the present invention, deformable folds are provided in the waterproof sheet stretched over the surface of a structure, etc., and the waterproof sheet is made to expand and contract as a whole by deforming the folds. Therefore, when this waterproof sheet is stretched over an uneven surface, the waterproof sheet can adhere tightly along the uneven surface without causing substantial distortion or stress due to its material. There is no risk of damage due to localized high stress and premature leakage.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a tarpaulin sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view for explaining the function of the tarpaulin sheet, and Fig. 3 is an example of using the tarpaulin sheet in a tunnel. Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the same waterproof sheet being stretched over the bottom of a waterway, etc., and Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of using the same waterproof sheet to cover the surface of a quay wall. Cross-sectional view, Figure 6. FIGS. 7 and 9 are fragmentary perspective views showing other embodiments of the waterproof sheet according to the present invention, and FIG.
10 is a sectional view taken along the line Partial sectional view showing a conventional waterproof sheet stretched on the bottom of etc., Part 1
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a case where a conventional waterproof sheet is used to cover the surface of a quay. 1... Waterproof sheet, 2.3... Fold, 4... Flat part, 8... Quay, 9... Adhesive, 10... Hollow,
11.12.13°14... pleats.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A waterproof sheet stretched over the surface of a structure, etc., characterized in that it has deformable pleats and can be expanded and contracted as a whole by deforming the pleats.