JPH01140278A - Non contact type id card - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To ensure an effective communication by using an antenna characteristic by providing an electric antenna and a magnetic antenna for transmission or reception and a switching means for switching both the antennas in a card enclosure in which a transmitter-receiver is incorporated. CONSTITUTION:In the card enclosure 1 of a portable ID card main body A, the electric antenna 2 formed by a dipole antenna and the magnetic antenna 3 formed by a loop antenna are disposed. A change over switch 4 is controlled by a manual switch 9 disposed on the surface of the enclosure 1 and the antenna 2 or 3 is selectively used. A signal from the antenna 2 or 3 is inputted to a reception circuit 4 through the switch 4 to obtain digital data by a signal processing part 6. When data is transmitted, the digital data formed in the processing part 6 is inputted to a modulating part 7, fed to an output circuit 8 and the signal is transmitted from the antenna 2 or 3 through the switch 4. In such a way, the antenna characteristic is utilized to maintain the effective communication.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field 1] The present invention relates to a non-contact type ID card having a built-in transmitting/receiving device and a receiver.

[Background technology 1 Electric antennas such as dipole antennas exhibit extremely large gain reductions near nearby conductors, and conversely,
There is a gain increase at a point with a distance of λ/4. In a magnetic antenna such as a loop antenna, there is an increase in gain near a nearby conductor, and conversely, there is an extremely large gain at a distance of 4/4. FIG. 7 shows this state, and shows the amount of gain change depending on the distance from the conductor. In FIG. 7(a), (a) is a conductor, (b) is an antenna, and λ indicates a wavelength. As shown in FIG. 7(b), the horizontal axis represents the distance d between the conductor (a) and the antenna (b), and the vertical axis represents the gain. The solid line in FIG. 7(b) indicates a magnetic antenna (loop antenna), and the broken line indicates an electric antenna (dipole antenna). As is clear from the figure, λ between the magnetic antenna and the electric antenna
It shows a change in gain at /4.

By the way, in a contactless ID card equipped with a transmitting/receiving pi device and an electric antenna or a magnetic antenna, depending on the carrying or placement of the ID card, an extremely large gain decreases depending on the distance between the antenna and the conductor, making it difficult for good communication to occur. There was a problem that δ could not be secured.

[Objective of the Invention 1 The present invention is provided in view of the above-mentioned α,
To obtain good communication regardless of the mounting state of an ID card, such as carrying or placement, by appropriately selecting both antennas by taking advantage of the fact that electroelectric antennas and magnetic antennas have complementary characteristics. Contactless ID aimed at
It provides a card.

[Disclosure of the Invention 1 (Structure) The present invention provides a switch for switching between an electric antenna and a magnetic antenna for transmitting or receiving, and a switch means for switching between the two antennas, inside a card casing containing a transmitting and receiving device. The present invention is characterized in that the electric antenna or the magnetic antenna is appropriately switched by the means, and good communication is ensured by taking advantage of the respective characteristics of the electric antenna and the magnetic antenna.

(Example 1) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a portable ID card body A,
Inside the card housing 1, there are provided an electric antenna 2 formed of, for example, a guipole antenna, and a magnetic antenna 3 formed of, for example, a loop antenna. The selector switch 4 is for switching between the electric antenna 2 and the magnetic antenna 3, and the selector switch 4 is controlled by a manual switch 9 provided on the surface of the card case 1 to selectively use the electric antenna 2 or the magnetic antenna 3. It is supposed to be done.

The signal from the antenna 2 or 3 is input to the receiving circuit 5 via the changeover switch 4, and its output is output to the signal processing section 6, which processes the received signal to obtain digital data.

In addition, when transmitting data, the digital data formed in the signal path Pi section 6 is input to the modulation section 7, and the modulation section 7
modulates the carrier wave and sends it to the output circuit 8, and selects the changeover switch 4.
A signal is transmitted from an electric antenna 2 or a magnetic antenna 3 via the antenna. Here, when the manual switch 9 is switched to the a#1 child side, the changeover switch 4 connects to the electric antenna 2, and the electric antenna 2
When a signal is sent from the antenna 3 and the manual switch 9 is switched to the b terminal side, the changeover switch 4
The magnetic antenna 3 is connected to the magnetic antenna 3, and a signal is transmitted from the magnetic antenna 3. Note that a switch means for switching between both antennas 2 and 3 is constituted by a manual switch 8.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of essential parts of the card housing 1, and as shown in the figure, an electric anti-P-2 and a magnetic antenna 3 are formed on a principal plate 10 provided within the card housing 1. As shown in FIG.

The feeding side parts of the electric antenna 2 and the magnetic antenna 3 are formed by the copper foil pattern 11 of the printed board 10, and the loop part of the magnetic antenna 3 is three-dimensionally formed by the U-shaped metal plate 12, and is made of metal. The size of the board 12 is the same as that of the card case 1.
The size is such that it can be stored inside. Further, a fabrication part 13 of the manual switch 9 is provided on the side surface of the card case 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of use, for example, a case where it is used in a room entry/exit control system. In front of the door 21, a person operates the contactless ID card body A to transmit identification data to the IDa separate device 22 in the room, and this IDfi separate device 22 checks the door 21 if the desired identification data is received. I to the switchgear
A control signal is sent from the D identification device 22 to open the door 21. Here, when operating II) to the card body, consider the distance between the 7 antenna and the conductor when carrying or placing the ID card body A, that is, the distance between the antenna, that is, the ID card body A and the conductor. Considering whether it corresponds to the wavelength λ/4 (Fig. #S7), the distance is λ/4.
If the distance is close to 4, operate the manual switch 9 to set the a terminal to transmit and receive signals from the electric antenna 2, and if the distance is close to on/4, operate the manual switch 9 to switch to the b terminal. and transmit the signal to magnetic antenna 3.
Send and receive more frequently. In addition, as other usage examples,
〃It can also be applied to public hot water pipe ring systems in storage areas and parking lots. In this way, when carrying or placing the D-card main body A, consider the distance from the conductor and use the manual switch 9 to switch between the electric antenna 2 and the magnetic antenna 3 as appropriate, so that the installation is easy. Subsequent communications can be performed without the time loss of having to communicate separately for each antenna, for example.

(Embodiment 2) The fourth to tSa diagrams show another embodiment, in which the electric antenna 2 is
The magnetic antenna 3 and the magnetic antenna 3 are alternately switched in a time-division manner to transmit and receive signals. That is, compared to the previous embodiment, the manual switch 9 is eliminated, and a control signal is sent from the signal processing section 6 to the changeover switch 4 to alternately switch between the electric antenna 2 and the magnetic antenna 3 in a time-sharing manner. It is. FIG. 5 shows the operation in this case; after transmitting a signal with the electric antenna 2, switching to the magnetic antenna 3 and transmitting a signal with the magnetic antenna 3;
Furthermore, the magnetic antenna 3 is switched to the electric antenna 2. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the main parts of the card case 1, and is similar to the case shown in FIG. 2 except that the manual switch 9 is not provided, so the explanation thereof will be omitted. Note that the switch means for switching between both antennas 2.3 is composed of a signal processing g6, a changeover switch 4, and the like.

Therefore, the changeover switch 4 is driven by a control signal from the signal processing section 6 to alternately switch between the electric antenna 2 and the magnetic antenna 3 in a time-sharing manner. By compensating for the gain at the point where it decreases as shown in the characteristics shown in FIG. 7, one of the two devices will always operate with good characteristics, and good communication can be ensured. Therefore, when carrying the ID card main body A, it is possible to ensure good communication after installation without having to make troublesome decisions such as considering the distance from the conductor.

[Effects of the Invention 1] As described above, the present invention is provided with an electric antenna and a magnetic antenna for transmitting or receiving, and a switch means for switching between the two antennas, inside the card casing in which the transmitting/receiving device is built. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately switch between the electric antenna and the magnetic antenna using the switch means, thereby ensuring good communication by taking advantage of the respective characteristics of the electric antenna and the magnetic antenna.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the main parts of the same, Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of use of the same, Fig. 4 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the same, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the same operation as above, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the main part of the same as above, Fig. 7 (a) (b)
is a characteristic diagram showing the amount of gain change depending on the distance from the same conductor as above. 1 is a card housing, 2 is an electric antenna, 3 is a magnetic antenna, 4 is a changeover switch, 6 is a signal processing section, and 9 is a manual switch. Agent Patent Attorney Ishi 1) Chief 7 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 (b) ″A17′ ship-17 Koike 11721ku1

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A non-contact type ID card comprising, inside a card casing containing a transmitter/receiver device, an electric antenna and a magnetic antenna for transmitting or receiving, and a switch means for switching between the two antennas. (2) A non-contact type ID card according to claim 1, wherein the switch means is a manual switch that can be switched manually. (3) Claim 1, characterized in that the switch means is constituted by a changeover switch that switches between both antennas, and a signal processing section that controls the changeover switch to alternately switch between both antennas in a time-sharing manner. Contactless ID card listed.