JPH01107233A - Liquid crystal display panel - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display panelInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01107233A JPH01107233A JP26604587A JP26604587A JPH01107233A JP H01107233 A JPH01107233 A JP H01107233A JP 26604587 A JP26604587 A JP 26604587A JP 26604587 A JP26604587 A JP 26604587A JP H01107233 A JPH01107233 A JP H01107233A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- voltage
- display panel
- crystal display
- ferroelectric liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/30—Gray scale
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔概 要〕
液晶表示パネル、特に階調表示を可能とした強誘電性液
晶を用いた液晶表示パネルに関し、１画素内に闇値電圧
の異なる領域を設けることにより、電圧−透過率特性の
変化を緩慢にして、階調表示を可能とすることを目的と
し、強誘電性液晶を挟んで対向する透明電極を備えた一
対の基板上に形成される上下の配向膜の内の、少なくと
も一方の配向膜の一画素内での膜厚に分布を持たせると
共に、その対向する透明電極への印加電圧の制御により
階調表示を行うように構成する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Summary] Regarding a liquid crystal display panel, especially a liquid crystal display panel using ferroelectric liquid crystal that enables gradation display, by providing regions with different dark value voltages within one pixel, Upper and lower alignment films are formed on a pair of substrates with transparent electrodes facing each other with a ferroelectric liquid crystal in between, with the aim of slowing down the change in voltage-transmittance characteristics and enabling gradation display. At least one of the alignment films is configured to have a thickness distribution within one pixel, and to perform gradation display by controlling the voltage applied to the opposing transparent electrode.
〔産業上の利用分野］
本発明は液晶表示パネルに係り、特に階調表示の可能な
強誘電性液晶を用いた液晶表示パネルに関するものであ
る。[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display panel, and particularly to a liquid crystal display panel using ferroelectric liquid crystal capable of displaying gradations.
強誘電性液晶を用いた液晶表示パネルは、従来のＴＮ型
液晶表示パネルに比べて画質が良く、応答速度が１００
倍以上速（、しかもメモリ機能を有する等の大きな特長
があり、近来、これらの利点を活かしてデイスプレィへ
の応用が試みられている。Liquid crystal display panels using ferroelectric liquid crystal have better image quality and response speed of 100% compared to conventional TN type liquid crystal display panels.
It has great features such as being more than twice as fast (and has a memory function), and recently attempts have been made to take advantage of these advantages and apply it to displays.
このような液晶表示パネルでは、ＯＮとＯＦＦによる白
と黒の表示のみでなく階調表示も要求されるが、強誘電
性液晶の電圧−透過率特性の変化が急峻であるため、電
圧制御による階調表示を困難にしている。このため、そ
のような階調表示を可能にした構成が必要とされている
。Such liquid crystal display panels require not only white and black display by ON and OFF, but also gradation display, but since the voltage-transmittance characteristics of ferroelectric liquid crystals change sharply, voltage control is required. This makes it difficult to display gradations. Therefore, there is a need for a configuration that enables such gradation display.
従来の強誘電性液晶表示パネルは第４図に示すように、
Ｉ Ｔ Ｏ（Ｉｎｄｉｕｍ Ｔｉｎ ０ｘｉｄｅ）など
からなる第一透明電極１２が形成されたガラスからなる
背面側透明基板ｌｌ上に、１０００人の膜厚の第一配向
膜１３を介して強誘電性液晶１４．１０００人の膜厚の
第二配向膜１５及び同じ＜ ＩＴＯなどからなる第二透
明電極１７が形成されたガラスからなる表面側透明基板
１６が順に積層された構成からなっている。 。The conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel is as shown in Figure 4.
A ferroelectric liquid crystal 14 is formed on a back side transparent substrate 11 made of glass on which a first transparent electrode 12 made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or the like is formed, via a first alignment film 13 having a thickness of 1000 μm. It has a structure in which a second alignment film 15 having a thickness of .1000 mm and a front side transparent substrate 16 made of glass on which a second transparent electrode 17 made of the same ITO or the like is formed are laminated in order. .
なお、前記第一、第二配向膜１３．１５の内、少なくと
も一方の配向膜、例えば第二配向膜１５の表面には通常
ラビング等の配向処理が施され、液晶分子全体を一様に
配向させるようにしている。Note that the surface of at least one of the first and second alignment films 13.15, for example, the second alignment film 15, is usually subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing to uniformly align the entire liquid crystal molecules. I try to let them do it.
ところで本来、上記したような従来の液晶表示パネルで
は、強誘電性液晶１４の電圧−透過率特性の変化が象、
峻であるため、その表示がＯＮとＯＦＦによる白黒表示
のみとなり、ＯＮ電圧の制御によってその中間の灰色等
の階調表示を行うことは極めて困難であった。By the way, in the conventional liquid crystal display panel as described above, changes in the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the ferroelectric liquid crystal 14 are
Because of the steep voltage, the display is only black and white depending on ON and OFF, and it is extremely difficult to display gray scales in between, such as gray, by controlling the ON voltage.
このような階調表示の困難性は、ＯＮとＯＦＦによる白
黒表示の二つの安定状態間の反転がごく短時間で完了す
る、所謂応答速度が速く、しかも反転が生じる闇値電圧
が一様であるなどに起因している。The difficulty of such gradation display is that the so-called response speed is fast, in which the reversal between the two stable states of black and white display due to ON and OFF is completed in a very short time, and the dark value voltage at which the reversal occurs is uniform. This is due to something like that.
本発明は上記した従来の欠点に鑑み、１画素内に闇値電
圧の異なる領域を設けることにより、電圧−透過率特性
の変化を緩慢にして、階調表示を可能にした新規な強誘
電性液晶表示パネルを提供することを目的とするもので
ある。In view of the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, the present invention provides a novel ferroelectric material that makes it possible to display gradations by providing regions with different dark value voltages within one pixel, thereby slowing the change in voltage-transmittance characteristics. The purpose is to provide a liquid crystal display panel.
本発明は上記した目的を達成するため、強誘電性液晶を
挟んで対向する表、示電極を備えた一対の基板上に形成
される上下の配向膜の内の、少なくとも一方の配向膜の
一画素内での膜厚に分布を持たせて闇値電圧の異なる領
域を設けた構成とする。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to at least one of the upper and lower alignment films formed on a pair of substrates having front and display electrodes facing each other with a ferroelectric liquid crystal in between. The structure is such that the film thickness within the pixel is distributed to provide regions with different dark value voltages.
本発明の強誘電性液晶表示パネルにより緩慢な□電圧−
透過率特性が実現できる原理としては、該液晶表示パネ
ルの１画素内に闇値電圧ｖｔｈの異なる複数の領域、例
えば閾値電圧がＶｔｂｌとＶｔｈｚの異なる２つの領域
を設けた場合、闇値電圧がＶｔｈｌの領域とＶｔｈ２の
領域での電圧−透過率特性は第１図において破線で示す
（ＩＩ）と（ＩＩＩ）のようになり、１画素全体での電
圧−透過率特性は前記（ＩＩ）と（Ｉ［Ｉ）の特性の合
成として（ＩＶ）で示すように、（１）で示す従来の電
圧−透過率特性よりも充分に緩慢な特性が実現できる。The ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel of the present invention allows slow □voltage to be
The principle by which the transmittance characteristic can be realized is that if a plurality of regions with different dark value voltages vth are provided within one pixel of the liquid crystal display panel, for example, two regions with different threshold voltages of Vtbl and Vthz, the dark value voltage is The voltage-transmittance characteristics in the Vthl region and Vth2 region are as shown by broken lines (II) and (III) in FIG. As a synthesis of the characteristics of (I[I), as shown in (IV), a characteristic that is sufficiently slower than the conventional voltage-transmittance characteristic shown in (1) can be realized.
強誘電性液晶の特性はＴＮ型液晶とは異なって配向膜の
表面状態に対して極めて敏感に反応変化する。従って、
該１画素内における少なくとも一方の配向膜の膜厚を部
分的に変化させ、この膜厚の違いによる配向膜の表面で
の極性エネルギーを変化させることにより、１画素内に
闇値電圧ｖｔｈの異なる複数の領域を設けることができ
る。Unlike TN type liquid crystal, the characteristics of ferroelectric liquid crystal change very sensitively in response to the surface condition of the alignment film. Therefore,
By partially changing the film thickness of at least one of the alignment films in one pixel and changing the polar energy on the surface of the alignment film due to the difference in film thickness, it is possible to generate different dark value voltages vth in one pixel. Multiple regions can be provided.
その結果、電圧−透過率特性が緩慢となり、階調表示が
可能となる。As a result, the voltage-transmittance characteristic becomes slow, and gradation display becomes possible.
以下図面を用いて本発明の実施例について詳細に説明す
る。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
第２図は本発明に係る強誘電性液晶表示パネルにおける
１画素の一実施例を示す要部断面図であり、第４図と同
等部分には同一符号を付している。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing one embodiment of one pixel in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention, and the same parts as in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals.
この第２図の実施例該第４図の例と異なる点は、１ｏｏ
ｏ人の膜厚の第二配向膜１５が被覆されたＩＴＯ（Ｉｎ
ｄｉｕｍ Ｔｉｎ ０ｘｉｄｅ）などからなる第二透明
電極１７が形成されたガラスからなる表面側透明基板１
６と例えば２μｍの層厚のつ強誘電性液晶層１４を介し
て対向配置された第一配向膜２１で被覆された同じ＜Ｉ
ＴＯなどからなる第一透明電極１２が形成されたガラス
からなる背面側透明基板１１とで構成される、例えば３
００ Ｘ ３００μｍの１画素２２内の前記第一配向膜
２１のＡ領域の膜厚を６００人、同じくＢ領域の膜厚を
１２００人とする膜厚分布を有する闇値電圧ｖｔｈの異
なる２つの領域を設けた構成としたことである。The difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and the example shown in FIG. 4 is 1oo
ITO (In
A front side transparent substrate 1 made of glass on which a second transparent electrode 17 made of dium tin oxide or the like is formed.
6 and the same <I coated with the first alignment film 21 facing each other via the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer 14 having a layer thickness of, for example, 2 μm.
For example, three
Two regions with different dark value voltages vth having a film thickness distribution in which the film thickness of the A region of the first alignment film 21 is 600 layers and the film thickness of the B region is 1200 layers in one pixel 22 of 00×300 μm. This is because the configuration has been designed to include the following.
上記第一、第二配向膜２１．１５は共に従来と同様にポ
リイミド等の薄膜からなり、その膜厚分布を有する第一
配向膜２１としてはレジスト膜のバターニング技術を適
用することにより形成することができる。また第二配向
膜１５の表面には所定方向にラビング処理が施されて強
誘電性液晶の分子の−様な配向を制御するようにしてい
る。Both the first and second alignment films 21.15 are made of thin films of polyimide or the like as in the past, and the first alignment film 21 having the thickness distribution is formed by applying a resist film patterning technique. be able to. Further, the surface of the second alignment film 15 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a predetermined direction to control the --like alignment of the molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
このような構成の強誘電性液晶表示パネルの表裏面に通
例用いている偏光フィルムを貼設した後、該表示パネル
にパルス幅が５００ ｕ ｓのパルスを印加した際の、
パルス波高電圧に対する透過率変化を第３図に示す。該
表示パネルには５００μｓの書き込みパルスを印加後、
実現した表示状態を保持するために周波数２ ｋＨｚで
、５Ｖの交流電圧を印加した（所謂、交流安定化法）場
合の本発明の表示パネルの電圧−透過率特性は、従来の
表示パネルの特性に比べて格段に緩慢となっていること
が判る。After attaching commonly used polarizing films to the front and back surfaces of a ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel having such a configuration, when a pulse with a pulse width of 500 us is applied to the display panel,
Figure 3 shows the change in transmittance with respect to pulse wave high voltage. After applying a 500 μs write pulse to the display panel,
When an AC voltage of 5V is applied at a frequency of 2 kHz to maintain the achieved display state (so-called AC stabilization method), the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the display panel of the present invention are similar to those of the conventional display panel. It can be seen that it is much slower than .
、従って、印加電圧を制御することにより、白−表示に
おける中間色調の灰色の度合いを選択することができ、
階調表示が可能となる。, Therefore, by controlling the applied voltage, it is possible to select the degree of gray of the intermediate tone in the white display,
Gradation display becomes possible.
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明に係る強誘電性
液晶表示パネルによれば、該表示パネルにおける１画素
内の少なくとも一方の配向膜に膜厚変化分布を持たせた
簡単な構成とすることにより、緩慢な電圧−透過率特性
が得られ、印加電圧の制御により容易に階調表示を行う
ことができる。As is clear from the above description, the ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention has a simple structure in which at least one alignment film within one pixel in the display panel has a film thickness change distribution. As a result, a slow voltage-transmittance characteristic can be obtained, and gradation display can be easily performed by controlling the applied voltage.
従って、表示品質が向上するなど、実用上優れた効果を
奏する。Therefore, excellent practical effects such as improved display quality can be achieved.
第１図は本発明に係る階調表示の原理を説明するための
電圧と透過率との関係図、
第２図は本発明に係る液晶表示パネルの一実施例を示す
要部断面図、
第３図は本発明に係る液晶表示パネルの印加パルス波高
電圧に対する透過率変化を示
特性図、
第４図は従来の強誘電性液晶表示パネルを説明するため
の要部断面図である。
第２図において、
１１、１６は透明基板、１２は第一透明電極、１４は強
誘電性液晶層、１５は第二配向膜、１７は第二透明電極
、２１は第一配向膜をそれぞれ示す。
一一一一−ｒｐＪ’ｌ） ／ｌ＋”Ｌ’；（ｔ’７Ｅ滞
例４理色が明貫ｚｔｌＥ ｖＪ１１筆＝−ｒｊｊＴ年別
第１図
第２図FIG. 1 is a relationship diagram between voltage and transmittance for explaining the principle of gradation display according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the change in transmittance with respect to the applied pulse wave high voltage of the liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a main part for explaining a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel. In FIG. 2, 11 and 16 are transparent substrates, 12 is a first transparent electrode, 14 is a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer, 15 is a second alignment film, 17 is a second transparent electrode, and 21 is a first alignment film, respectively. . 1111-rpJ'l) /l+"L';(t'7E example 4 coloring is clear ztlE vJ11 brush = -rjjT Figure 1 Figure 2 by year
Claims (1)
、１７）を備えた一対の基板（１１、１６）上に形成さ
れる上下の配向膜（１５、２１）の内の、少なくとも一
方の配向膜（２１）の一画素（２２）内での膜厚に分布
を持たせると共に、その対向する透明電極（１２、１７
）への印加電圧の制御により階調表示を行うようにした
ことを特徴とする液晶表示パネル。Transparent electrodes (12) facing each other across the ferroelectric liquid crystal (14)
, 17) in one pixel (22) of at least one of the upper and lower alignment films (15, 21) formed on the pair of substrates (11, 16) having The thickness is distributed and the opposing transparent electrodes (12, 17
1. A liquid crystal display panel characterized in that a gradation display is performed by controlling the voltage applied to ).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26604587A JPH01107233A (en) | 1987-10-20 | 1987-10-20 | Liquid crystal display panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26604587A JPH01107233A (en) | 1987-10-20 | 1987-10-20 | Liquid crystal display panel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01107233A true JPH01107233A (en) | 1989-04-25 |
Family
ID=17425630
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26604587A Pending JPH01107233A (en) | 1987-10-20 | 1987-10-20 | Liquid crystal display panel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01107233A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01137236A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-05-30 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| EP0627648A1 (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1994-12-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device |
| JP2011107409A (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-06-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | Liquid crystal display element |
-
1987
- 1987-10-20 JP JP26604587A patent/JPH01107233A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01137236A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-05-30 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| EP0627648A1 (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1994-12-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device |
| US5581381A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1996-12-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | LCD electrode projections of variable widths and spacings |
| JP2011107409A (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-06-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | Liquid crystal display element |
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