JP7535893B2 - Method for producing flavonoids having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group - Google Patents
Method for producing flavonoids having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group Download PDFInfo
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- JP7535893B2 JP7535893B2 JP2020143691A JP2020143691A JP7535893B2 JP 7535893 B2 JP7535893 B2 JP 7535893B2 JP 2020143691 A JP2020143691 A JP 2020143691A JP 2020143691 A JP2020143691 A JP 2020143691A JP 7535893 B2 JP7535893 B2 JP 7535893B2
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- Prior art keywords
- flavonoid
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- producing
- ring
- dihydroxyphenyl
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- 239000007183 wilkins-chalgren anaerobe broth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Description
本開示は、3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法に関する。 This disclosure relates to a method for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group.
カテキン等のフラボノイドは植物界に広く存在する化合物であり、その生理機能に注目が集まっている。様々な生理機能が期待されるフラボノイドは、近年の健康志向の高まりに伴い、機能性成分として内用又は外用を問わず様々な商品に取り入れられている。 Flavonoids such as catechins are compounds that are widely found in the plant kingdom, and their physiological functions have attracted attention. Flavonoids, which are expected to have various physiological functions, are being incorporated as functional ingredients into various products for internal or external use in response to the growing health consciousness in recent years.
フラボノイドはジフェニルプロパンの基本構造を有する化合物群であり、4,000以上もの多種多様な化合物が存在すると言われている。これらのフラボノイドは、食餌として摂取された後、腸内で腸内細菌などによる代謝を受け、元々有している機能性の向上、新たな機能性の獲得、水への溶解度、生体利用性、及び/又は安定性の向上など伴う代謝物に変換されることが報告されている(非特許文献1)。 Flavonoids are a group of compounds that have the basic structure of diphenylpropane, and it is said that there are more than 4,000 diverse compounds. It has been reported that after being ingested as food, these flavonoids are metabolized by intestinal bacteria in the intestine and converted into metabolites that improve their original functionality, acquire new functionality, and improve water solubility, bioavailability, and/or stability (Non-Patent Document 1).
例えば、特許文献1では、茶葉由来のエピガロカテキンが、Adlercreutzia equolifaciens MT4s-5、又はEggerthella lenta JCM9979により資化され、B環の水酸基の脱水酸化及びC環が開環した誘導体を生成することが記載されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 describes that epigallocatechin derived from tea leaves is assimilated by Adlercreutzia equilifaciens MT4s-5 or Eggerthella lenta JCM9979 to produce a derivative in which the hydroxyl group on the B ring is dehydroxylated and the C ring is opened.
フラボノイドには、エピガロカテキン等に代表されるように3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有する化合物がある。このような化合物は、3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基の互変異性により下記式に示すようにレダクトン構造をとるため、高い還元力(つまり高い抗酸化活性)を有する一方で、レダクトン構造の高い反応性から、特に空気中では酸化分解されやすいという問題、並びに、他の化合物との反応及び/又は着色の原因になるという問題がある。 Flavonoids include compounds that have a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group, such as epigallocatechin. Such compounds have a reductone structure as shown in the formula below due to tautomerism of the 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group, and therefore have high reducing power (i.e. high antioxidant activity). However, due to the high reactivity of the reductone structure, they are prone to oxidative decomposition, especially in air, and may react with other compounds and/or cause discoloration.
従って、3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドにおいて4’-水酸基を脱水酸化(以下において、「4’-脱水酸化」とも記載する。)しておけば、化学的に安定となり、機能性成分としての有用性が格段に高まる。尚、フラボノイドの3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基において3’-水酸基又は5’-水酸基を脱水酸化した場合には、それぞれ、4’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基又は3’,4’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基が生成する。しかしながらこれらのカテコール構造は、3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基ほどではないものの反応性が高く不安定であり、酸化されやすい問題、及び他の化合物と反応しやすい問題がある。従って、フラボノイドを安定化されるためには、4’-水酸基のみを選択的に脱水酸化することが重要である。 Therefore, if the 4'-hydroxyl group in a flavonoid having a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group is dehydroxylated (hereinafter also referred to as "4'-dehydroxylation"), it becomes chemically stable and its usefulness as a functional ingredient is significantly increased. When the 3'-hydroxyl group or the 5'-hydroxyl group in the 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group of a flavonoid is dehydroxylated, a 4',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group or a 3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl group is generated, respectively. However, these catechol structures, although not as reactive as the 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group, are highly unstable and susceptible to oxidation and susceptible to reaction with other compounds. Therefore, in order to stabilize a flavonoid, it is important to selectively dehydroxylate only the 4'-hydroxyl group.
尚、フラボノイドを資化する微生物には、特許文献1で報告されているAdlercreutzia equolifaciens MT4s-5、及びEggerthella lenta JCM9979等があるが、これらの微生物は、4’-脱水酸化だけではなく、3’-又は5’-脱水酸化並びにC環の開環も同時に起こるため、フラボノイドの基本構造を残しながら4’-脱水酸化物を製造することはできない。 Microorganisms that assimilate flavonoids include Adlercreutzia equilifaciens MT4s-5, reported in Patent Document 1, and Eggerthella lenta JCM9979. However, these microorganisms not only undergo 4'-dehydroxylation, but also 3'- or 5'-dehydroxylation and C-ring opening at the same time, so they are unable to produce 4'-dehydroxylated flavonoids while retaining the basic structure.
本開示は、3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドから、C環の開環を伴わずに選択的4’-脱水酸化により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを微生物学的に製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present disclosure aims to provide a method for microbiologically producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group from a flavonoid having a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group by selective 4'-dehydroxylation without opening the C ring.
本発明者は、3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを4’-脱水酸化するいくつかの微生物をスクリーニングにより見出した。しかしながら、見出された微生物のほとんどが4’-脱水酸化だけでなく、3’-脱水酸化、5’-脱水酸化、又は/及びC環の開環も伴い、3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを選択的に生成しなかった。一方で、所定のアドレクレウチア(Adlercreutzia)属に属する微生物と、セネガリマッシリア(Senegalimassilia)属に属する微生物は、C環の開環、及び3’-又は5’-脱水酸化を実質的に伴わずに4’-脱水酸化させることができることを見出した。本開示はこの知見に基づいてさらに検討を重ねることにより完成したものである。 The present inventors have screened and found several microorganisms that 4'-dehydroxylate flavonoids having a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group. However, most of the microorganisms found not only 4'-dehydroxylate, but also 3'-dehydroxylate, 5'-dehydroxylate, and/or C-ring opening, and did not selectively produce flavonoids having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group. On the other hand, the inventors have found that certain microorganisms belonging to the genus Adlercreutzia and certain microorganisms belonging to the genus Senegalimassilia can perform 4'-dehydroxylation without substantially opening the C-ring and 3'- or 5'-dehydroxylation. The present disclosure was completed through further investigation based on this knowledge.
即ち、本開示は、下記に掲げる態様の発明を提供する。
項1. C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドからC環の開環を伴わずに3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを産生する能力を有するアドレクレウチア(Adlercreutzia)属に属する微生物、及び/又は、セネガリマッシリア(Senegalimassilia)属に属する微生物を用い、C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを資化させ、C環の開環を伴わずに3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを産生させる工程を含む、3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法。
項2. アドレクレウチア属に属する微生物が、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス(Adlercreutzia caecimuris)種である、項1に記載の製造方法。
項3. 前記アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス種が、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリスDSM21839株である、項2に記載の製造方法。
項4. セネガリマッシリア属に属する微生物がセネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア(Senegalimassilia anaerobia)種である、項1に記載の製造方法。
項5. 前記セネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア種が、セネガリマッシリア・アナエロビアDSM25959株である、項4に記載の製造方法。
項6. 前記C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドが下記式(I):
項7. 前記C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドが、エピガロカテキン及び/又はアンペロプシンである、項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項8. 項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを飲食品の原料に配合する工程を含む、飲食品の製造方法。
項9. 項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを食品添加物の原料に配合する工程を含む、食品添加物の製造方法。
項10. 項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを化粧品の原料に配合する工程を含む、化粧品の製造方法。
項11. 項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを医薬品の原料に配合する工程を含む、医薬品の製造方法。
項12. 項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを医薬部外品の原料に配合する工程を含む、医薬部外品の製造方法。
That is, the present disclosure provides the inventions of the following aspects.
Item 1. A method for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group, comprising a step of assimilating a flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group using a microorganism belonging to the genus Adlercreutzia and/or a microorganism belonging to the genus Senegalimassilia that has the ability to produce a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group from a flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group without ring-opening of the C ring, and producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group without ring-opening of the C ring.
Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Adlercreutzia is the species Adlercreutzia caecimuris.
Item 3. The method according to Item 2, wherein the Adreuclea caesimulis species is the Adreuclea caesimulis DSM21839 strain.
Item 4. The method according to Item 1, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Senegalimassilia is the species Senegalimassilia anaerobia.
Item 5. The method according to Item 4, wherein the Senegalismassia anaerobia species is Senegalismassia anaerobia DSM25959 strain.
Item 6. The flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group is represented by the following formula (I):
Item 7. The method according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group is epigallocatechin and/or ampelopsin.
Item 8. A method for producing a food or drink, comprising the steps of producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the production method according to any one of Items 1 to 7, and blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group in a raw material for the food or drink.
Item 9. A method for producing a food additive, comprising the steps of producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the production method according to any one of Items 1 to 7, and blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group with a raw material for the food additive.
Item 10. A method for producing a cosmetic, comprising the steps of producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the production method according to any one of Items 1 to 7, and blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group in a raw material for the cosmetic.
Item 11. A method for producing a pharmaceutical product, comprising the steps of producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the production method according to any one of Items 1 to 7, and blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group with a pharmaceutical raw material.
Item 12. A method for producing a quasi-drug, comprising the steps of producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the production method according to any one of Items 1 to 7, and blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group in a raw material for the quasi-drug.
本開示によれば、C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドから、C環の開環を伴わずに選択的4’-脱水酸化により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを微生物学的に製造する方法が提供される。 According to the present disclosure, a method is provided for microbiologically producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group from a flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group by selective 4'-dehydroxylation without opening the C ring.
1. 3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法
本開示は、所定の微生物を用いて、所定のフラボノイドを資化させ、C環の開環を伴わずに3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを産生させる工程を含む、3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法である。以下、本開示の製造方法の実施形態について詳述する。
1. Method for Producing a Flavonoid Having a 3',5'-Dihydroxyphenyl Group The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group, comprising the steps of assimilating a specific flavonoid using a specific microorganism and producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group without opening the C ring. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the production method of the present disclosure will be described in detail.
所定の微生物
本開示の製造方法で用いられる所定の微生物は、C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドからC環の開環を伴わずに3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを産生する能力を有するアドレクレウチア(Adlercreutzia)属に属する微生物、及び、セネガリマッシリア(Senegalimassilia)属に属する微生物である。
Specific microorganisms The specific microorganisms used in the production method of the present disclosure are microorganisms belonging to the genus Adlercreutzia and microorganisms belonging to the genus Senegalimassilia that have the ability to produce a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group from a flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group without opening the C ring.
C環及び3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドからC環の開環を伴わずに3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを産生する能力を有するアドレクレウチア属に属する微生物としては、当該能力を有していれば特に限定されない。このようなアドレクレウチア属に属する微生物の具体例としては、例えば、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス(Adlercreutzia caecimuris)種等が挙げられる。また、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス種の具体例としては、例えば、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリスDSM21839株、及びそれと同等の菌株等が挙げられる。 Microorganisms belonging to the genus Adlercreutzia that have the ability to produce flavonoids having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group from flavonoids having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group without opening the C ring are not particularly limited as long as they have this ability. Specific examples of such microorganisms belonging to the genus Adlercreutzia include the species Adlercreutzia caecimuris. Specific examples of the species Adlercreutzia caecimuris include the Adlercreutzia caecimuris DSM21839 strain and strains equivalent thereto.
セネガリマッシリア属に属する微生物の具体例としては、例えば、セネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア(Senegalimassilia anaerobia)種が挙げられる。また、セネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア種の具体例としては、例えば、セネガリマッシリア・アナエロビアDSM25959株、及びそれと同等の菌株が挙げられる。 Specific examples of microorganisms belonging to the genus Senegalimassilia include the species Senegalimassilia anaerobia. Specific examples of the species Senegalimassilia anaerobia include the strain Senegalimassilia anaerobia DSM25959 and strains equivalent thereto.
上記同等の菌株とは、その16S rRNA遺伝子の塩基配列が、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリスDSM21839株又はセネガリマッシリア・アナエロビアDSM25959株の16S rRNA遺伝子の塩基配列と、97.5%以上、好ましくは98%以上、より好ましくは99%以上の相同性を有する微生物株をいう。「相同性」とは、BLAST PACKAGE[sgi32 bitedition,Version 2.0.12;available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)]のbl2seq program(Tatiana A. Tatsusova,Thomas L.Madden,FEMS Microbiol.Lett.,Vol.174,247-250,1999)により得られる同一性の値を示す。パラメーターは、Gap insertion Cost value:11、Gap extension Cost value:1に設定すればよい。これら同等の菌株の取得方法としては特に限定されず、例えば、変異処理、遺伝子組み換え、自然変異株の選択などが挙げられる。 The above-mentioned equivalent strain refers to a microbial strain whose 16S rRNA gene base sequence has a homology of 97.5% or more, preferably 98% or more, and more preferably 99% or more to the 16S rRNA gene base sequence of the Adreucilleutia caesimuris strain DSM 21839 or the Senegalimassilia anaerobia strain DSM 25959. "Homology" refers to the identity value obtained by the bl2seq program (Tatiana A. Tatsusova, Thomas L. Madden, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., Vol. 174, 247-250, 1999) of BLAST PACKAGE [sgi32 bitedition, Version 2.0.12; available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)]. The parameters are set to Gap insertion Cost value: 11 and Gap extension Cost value: 1. There are no particular limitations on the methods for obtaining these equivalent strains, and examples include mutation treatment, genetic recombination, and selection of natural mutant strains.
これらの微生物は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 These microorganisms may be used alone or in combination with one another.
所定のフラボノイド
上記の微生物に資化させる所定のフラボノイドとしては、1,3-ジフェニルプロパン構造を有し、B環が3’,4’,5’-トリヒドロキシフェニル基をなし、且つ、C環が閉環しているものであれば特に限定されない。
The specific flavonoid to be assimilated by the above-mentioned microorganism is not particularly limited as long as it has a 1,3-diphenylpropane structure, the B ring forms a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group, and the C ring is closed.
本発明の製造方法で好ましく用いられるフラボノイドとしては下記式(I)で表される化合物が挙げられる。 The flavonoids preferably used in the production method of the present invention include the compounds represented by the following formula (I).
式(I)中、R1は水素原子又は水酸基を表し、好ましくは水酸基を表す。R2はメチレン基又はカルボニル基を表す。R3、R4、R5、及びR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、水酸基、又はアルコキシ基を表し、好ましくは、R3及びR5が水酸基、R4及びR6が水素原子を表す。前記のアルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~5、好ましくは炭素数1~3、より好ましくは炭素数1又は2、さらに好ましくは炭素数1のアルコキシ基が挙げられる。 In formula (I), R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, preferably a hydroxyl group. R 2 represents a methylene group or a carbonyl group. R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an alkoxy group, preferably R 3 and R 5 represent a hydroxyl group, and R 4 and R 6 represent a hydrogen atom. The alkoxy group includes an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 carbon atom.
本発明の製造方法で好ましく用いられるフラボノイドのより好ましい例としては、下記式(II)で表されるエピガロカテキン、及び下記式(III)で表されるアンペロプシンが挙げられる。 More preferred examples of flavonoids that can be preferably used in the production method of the present invention include epigallocatechin represented by the following formula (II) and ampelopsin represented by the following formula (III).
培養条件
上記所定の微生物を用いて上記所定のフラボノイドを資化させる方法としては、所定のフラボノイドを含む培地中で所定の微生物を培養すればよい。
Culture Conditions The method for assimilating the above-mentioned specified flavonoid using the above-mentioned specified microorganism may be to culture the specified microorganism in a medium containing the specified flavonoid.
培地としては特に限定されず、微生物の栄養生理的性質を考慮して適宜設定すればよい。培地に含まれる成分としては、例えば、炭素源、窒素源、硫黄源、金属源、脂肪酸、油脂、ビタミン、還元剤、活性酸素種を分解する酵素、界面活性剤等から適宜選択することができる。 The medium is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected taking into consideration the nutritional and physiological properties of the microorganism. Components contained in the medium may be appropriately selected from, for example, a carbon source, a nitrogen source, a sulfur source, a metal source, fatty acids, oils and fats, vitamins, a reducing agent, an enzyme that decomposes reactive oxygen species, a surfactant, etc.
炭素源としては、単糖又は多糖(例えば、グルコース、アラビノース、ソルビトール、フラクトース、マンノース、スクロース、トレハロース、キシロース、糖蜜、でんぷん、デキストリン、ムチン、多糖類の加水分解(例えば酸処理)物(例えば、可溶性でんぷん等)等);有機酸(例えば、吉草酸、酪酸、プロピオン酸、酢酸、ギ酸、フマル酸、コハク酸等)等が挙げられる。これらの炭素源は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Carbon sources include monosaccharides or polysaccharides (e.g., glucose, arabinose, sorbitol, fructose, mannose, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, molasses, starch, dextrin, mucin, hydrolyzed polysaccharides (e.g., acid-treated products (e.g., soluble starch, etc.)); organic acids (e.g., valeric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, etc.). These carbon sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
窒素源としては、アンモニウム塩(硫酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素アンモニウム等)、硝酸塩(硝酸カリウム、硝酸ナトリウム等)等の無機窒素化合物;アミノ酸(例えば、トリプトファン、システイン、グルタミン酸、リジン、アルギニン、シトルリン、オルニチン)及びその塩;タンパク質エキス(例えば、酵母エキス、麦芽エキス、肉エキス、肝臓エキス等);消化血清末;ペプトン(例えば、乳ペプトン、大豆ペプトン、プロテオーゼペプトン等)等の有機窒素化合物が挙げられる。これらの窒素源は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Nitrogen sources include inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium salts (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, etc.) and nitrates (potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, etc.); amino acids (e.g., tryptophan, cysteine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine) and their salts; protein extracts (e.g., yeast extract, malt extract, meat extract, liver extract, etc.); digested serum powder; and organic nitrogen compounds such as peptones (e.g., milk peptone, soybean peptone, protease peptone, etc.). These nitrogen sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
硫黄源としては、硫酸塩(例えば、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸マンガン、硫酸亜鉛、硫酸銅、ミョウバン等)、亜硫酸塩、硫化物塩、次亜硫酸塩、チオ硫酸塩等の無機硫黄化合物;チオグリコール酸塩等の有機硫黄化合物が挙げられる。これらの硫黄源は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Examples of sulfur sources include inorganic sulfur compounds such as sulfates (e.g., magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, alum, etc.), sulfites, sulfides, hyposulfites, and thiosulfates; and organic sulfur compounds such as thioglycolates. These sulfur sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
金属源としては、鉄化合物(例えば、ヘミン、ヘム鉄等)、ナトリウム化合物(例えば、塩化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、カリウム化合物(例えば、リン酸カリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム等)、カルシウム化合物(例えば、塩化カルシウム等)、マグネシウム化合物(例えば、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム等)、微量元素化合物(例えば、マンガン化合物[例えば、硫酸マンガン等]、コバルト化合物[例えば、塩化コバルト等]、ニッケル化合物[例えば、塩化ニッケル等]、モリブデン化合物[例えば、モリブデン酸ナトリウム等]、タングステン化合物[例えば、タングステン酸ナトリウム等]、セレン化合物[例えば、セレン酸ナトリウム等]等)金属酵母、金属乳酸菌等が挙げられる。また、これらの金属源が塩である場合は、当該塩については、水和物であってもよいし、無水和物であってもよい。これらの金属源は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Examples of metal sources include iron compounds (e.g., hemin, heme iron, etc.), sodium compounds (e.g., sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, potassium compounds (e.g., potassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.), calcium compounds (e.g., calcium chloride, etc.), magnesium compounds (e.g., magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, etc.), trace element compounds (e.g., manganese compounds [e.g., manganese sulfate, etc.], cobalt compounds [e.g., cobalt chloride, etc.], nickel compounds [e.g., nickel chloride, etc.], molybdenum compounds [e.g., sodium molybdate, etc.], tungsten compounds [e.g., sodium tungstate, etc.], selenium compounds [e.g., sodium selenate, etc.], metal yeast, metal lactic acid bacteria, etc. In addition, when these metal sources are salts, the salts may be hydrated or anhydrous. These metal sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
脂肪酸としては、オレイン酸等の炭素数6以上の飽和/不飽和脂肪酸、好ましくは炭素数13以上の飽和/不飽和長鎖脂肪酸が挙げられ、油脂としては、当該脂肪酸のトリグリセリドが挙げられる。これらの脂肪酸及び油脂は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、これらの脂肪酸及び油脂の形態としては、Tween20,Tween80などの乳化剤により培地中に乳化した形態が挙げられる。 Fatty acids include saturated/unsaturated fatty acids with 6 or more carbon atoms, such as oleic acid, and preferably saturated/unsaturated long-chain fatty acids with 13 or more carbon atoms, and oils include triglycerides of the fatty acids. These fatty acids and oils may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, the fatty acids and oils may be in the form of being emulsified in the medium with an emulsifier such as Tween 20 or Tween 80.
ビタミンとしては、ビタミンK、ビオチン、葉酸、ピリドキシン、チアミン、リボフラビン、ニコチン酸、ニコチンアミド、パントテン酸、ビタミンB12、チオオクト酸、p-アミノ安息香酸等が挙げられる。これらのビタミンは、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Examples of vitamins include vitamin K, biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, thiooctoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, etc. These vitamins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
還元剤としては、システイン、シスチン、硫化ナトリウム、亜硫酸塩、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩、グルタチオン、チオグリコール酸、チオグリコール酸塩、ルチン、水素等が挙げられる。活性酸素種を分解する酵素としては、カタラーゼ、スーパーオキシドムターゼ等が挙げられる。これらの還元剤及び酵素は、嫌気培養を行う場合に好ましく用いられる。 Reducing agents include cysteine, cystine, sodium sulfide, sulfite, ascorbic acid, ascorbate, glutathione, thioglycolic acid, thioglycolate, rutin, hydrogen, etc. Enzymes that decompose reactive oxygen species include catalase, superoxide mutase, etc. These reducing agents and enzymes are preferably used when anaerobic culture is performed.
界面活性剤としては、Tween等の非イオン性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as Tween. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
これらの培地成分の中でも、好ましくは、炭素源、窒素源、硫黄源、金属源、ビタミン、還元剤が挙げられ;より好ましくは、単糖、多糖類の加水分解物、有機窒素化合物、有機硫黄化合物、鉄化合物、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、ビタミン、還元剤が挙げられ;さらに好ましくは、グルコース、溶性でんぷん、トリプトファン、システイン又はその塩、アルギニン、酵母エキス、肉エキス、肝臓エキス、消化血清末、ペプトン、大豆ペプトン、プロテオーゼペプトン、チオグリコール酸塩、ヘミン、塩化ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、ビタミンKが挙げられる。 Among these medium components, preferred are carbon sources, nitrogen sources, sulfur sources, metal sources, vitamins, and reducing agents; more preferred are monosaccharide and polysaccharide hydrolysates, organic nitrogen compounds, organic sulfur compounds, iron compounds, sodium salts, potassium salts, vitamins, and reducing agents; and even more preferred are glucose, soluble starch, tryptophan, cysteine or its salts, arginine, yeast extract, meat extract, liver extract, digested serum powder, peptone, soybean peptone, proteose peptone, thioglycolate, hemin, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin K.
培地のより具体的な例としては、例えば、Oxoid社製のANAEROBE BASAL BROTH(ABB培地);Oxoid社製のWilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth(CM0643);日水製薬株式会社製のGAM培地、変法GAM培地;BD社等のブレインハートインヒュージョン培地(BHI培地)等が挙げられる。 Specific examples of culture media include ANAEROBE BASAL BROTH (ABB medium) manufactured by Oxoid; Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth (CM0643) manufactured by Oxoid; GAM medium and modified GAM medium manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and Brain Heart Infusion Medium (BHI medium) manufactured by BD and others.
さらに、培地には、脱水酸化を補助する水素源又は水素産生促進因子を加えることができる。水素源としては、水素ガス、水素前駆体(例えば、ピルビン酸、ギ酸等)、水素を産生する微生物等が挙げられ、水素産生促進因子としては、オリゴ糖等が挙げられる。これらの水素源、水素産生促進因子は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 In addition, a hydrogen source or a hydrogen production promoting factor that assists dehydroxylation can be added to the medium. Examples of hydrogen sources include hydrogen gas, hydrogen precursors (e.g., pyruvic acid, formic acid, etc.), and hydrogen-producing microorganisms, and examples of hydrogen production promoting factors include oligosaccharides. These hydrogen sources and hydrogen production promoting factors may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
培地の性状としては特に限定されず、ゲル状及び液体状のいずれであってもよいが、水素源、特に水素ガスを用いる場合等においては、当該水素源と反応系との接触頻度を向上させる観点等から、液体状であることが好ましい。 The nature of the medium is not particularly limited and may be either gel or liquid. However, when a hydrogen source, particularly hydrogen gas, is used, it is preferable for the medium to be liquid in order to increase the frequency of contact between the hydrogen source and the reaction system.
培養系が供される雰囲気(気相)としては、酸素を含む(好気培養雰囲気)及び含まない(嫌気培養雰囲気)のいずれであってもよいが、酸素を含まないことが好ましい。当該雰囲気の構成気体としては、例えば、窒素、二酸化炭素、水素が挙げられる。これらのうち、水素は、上記の培地中に加える水素源として働くことができる。これらの気体は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよいが、好ましくは、少なくとも水素を含むことが好ましく、より具体的には、窒素、二酸化炭素、及び水素を組み合わせて用いることが好ましい。 The atmosphere (gas phase) to which the culture system is provided may contain oxygen (aerobic culture atmosphere) or not (anaerobic culture atmosphere), but preferably does not contain oxygen. Examples of constituent gases of the atmosphere include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Of these, hydrogen can act as a hydrogen source to be added to the above-mentioned medium. These gases may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but it is preferable that they contain at least hydrogen, and more specifically, it is preferable to use a combination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.
培養系が供される雰囲気が水素を含む場合、当該雰囲気中に占める水素の量としては、好ましくは0.1体積%以上、より好ましくは1体積%以上、さらに好ましくは5体積%以上が挙げられる。水素の量の範囲の上限としては特に限定されないが、当該雰囲気中に占める水素の量として、好ましくは100体積%以下、より好ましくは20体積%以下、さらに好ましくは10体積%以下が挙げられる。 When the atmosphere to which the culture system is provided contains hydrogen, the amount of hydrogen in the atmosphere is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, more preferably 1% by volume or more, and even more preferably 5% by volume or more. There is no particular upper limit to the range of the amount of hydrogen, but the amount of hydrogen in the atmosphere is preferably 100% by volume or less, more preferably 20% by volume or less, and even more preferably 10% by volume or less.
培養系が供される雰囲気が二酸化炭素を含む場合、当該雰囲気中に占める二酸化炭素の量としては、好ましくは0.1体積%以上、より好ましくは1体積%以上、さらに好ましくは5体積%以上が挙げられる。二酸化炭素の量の範囲の上限としては特に限定されないが、当該雰囲気中に占める二酸化炭素の量として、好ましくは100体積%以下、より好ましくは20体積%以下、さらに好ましくは10体積%以下が挙げられる。 When the atmosphere to which the culture system is provided contains carbon dioxide, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, more preferably 1% by volume or more, and even more preferably 5% by volume or more. There is no particular upper limit to the range of the amount of carbon dioxide, but the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is preferably 100% by volume or less, more preferably 20% by volume or less, and even more preferably 10% by volume or less.
培養系に供される雰囲気が窒素を含む場合、窒素は、培養系が供される気体組成を100体積%にバランスするために用いることができる。 If the atmosphere provided to the culture system contains nitrogen, nitrogen can be used to balance the gas composition provided to the culture system to 100% by volume.
これらの気体は、培地に接触していればよい。これらの気体を培地に接触させる方法としては特に制限されないが、例えば、培養前に前記気体で培養系の雰囲気を置換する方法、培養中に培養系の雰囲気に前記気体を液中からのバブリング又は気相通気等の通気方法により供給する方法、及びそれらの両方を組み合わせる方法等が挙げられる。バブリングの形式としては特に限定されないが、ナノバブル又はマイクロバブルとして供給する形式が挙げられる。培地への通気量としては特に限定されないが、例えば0.001~2vvm、好ましくは0.01~0.5vvmが挙げられる。 These gases need only be in contact with the culture medium. There are no particular limitations on the method for bringing these gases into contact with the culture medium, but examples include a method of replacing the atmosphere of the culture system with the gas before culture, a method of supplying the gas to the atmosphere of the culture system during culture by aeration methods such as bubbling from the liquid or gas phase aeration, and a combination of both. There are no particular limitations on the type of bubbling, but examples include a type in which nanobubbles or microbubbles are supplied. There are no particular limitations on the amount of aeration into the culture medium, but examples include 0.001 to 2 vvm, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 vvm.
培養温度としては特に限定されないが、好ましくは25℃~50℃、より好ましくは30℃~45℃、さらに好ましくは35~40℃が挙げられる。 The culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25°C to 50°C, more preferably 30°C to 45°C, and even more preferably 35°C to 40°C.
培養系雰囲気の気圧としては、微生物が生育できる条件であれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは0~1MPa、より好ましくは0.01~0.5MPa、更に好ましくは0.02~0.2MPaが挙げられる。 The atmospheric pressure of the culture system is not particularly limited as long as it is a condition under which microorganisms can grow, but is preferably 0 to 1 MPa, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 MPa, and even more preferably 0.02 to 0.2 MPa.
培養時間としては特に限定されないが、好ましくは8~240時間、より好ましくは16~120時間、さらに好ましくは24~96時間が挙げられる。 The incubation time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 8 to 240 hours, more preferably 16 to 120 hours, and even more preferably 24 to 96 hours.
培養の間、培地は撹拌してもよいし、撹拌せずに静置してもよい。上記の水素源を用いる場合であって、水素ガスを用いる場合、水素ガスと反応系との接触頻度を向上させる観点等から撹拌することが好ましい。さらに、上記の水素源を用いる場合であって、水素産生微生物を用いる場合は、水素ガスを用いる場合に比べて撹拌数を小さくすることが好ましい。 During the culture, the medium may be stirred or left to stand without stirring. When using the above hydrogen sources, and hydrogen gas is used, stirring is preferred from the viewpoint of increasing the frequency of contact between the hydrogen gas and the reaction system. Furthermore, when using the above hydrogen sources and hydrogen-producing microorganisms, it is preferred to stir the medium less than when hydrogen gas is used.
目的産生物
本開示では、上記所定の微生物により上記所定のフラボノイドを資化させることにより、C環の開環を伴わずに4’-脱水酸化のみが起こり、C環が閉環した状態の3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを産生させる。
In the present disclosure , the specified flavonoid is assimilated by the specified microorganism to produce a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group in a closed C-ring state, in which only 4'-dehydroxylation occurs without opening of the C-ring.
例えば、上記式(I)で表される化合物を資化して得られる産生物は、下記式(i)で表される。 For example, the product obtained by assimilating the compound represented by formula (I) above is represented by formula (i) below.
式(i)中、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、及びR6については、上記式(I)で述べた通りである。 In formula (i), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined above in formula (I).
また、上記式(II)で表されるエピガロカテキン及び上記式(III)で表されるアンペロプシンを資化して得られる産生物は、それぞれ、下記式(ii)で表される4’-デヒドロキシエピガロカテキン及び下記式(iii)で表される4’-デヒドロキシアンペロプシンである。 The products obtained by assimilating epigallocatechin represented by the above formula (II) and ampelopsin represented by the above formula (III) are 4'-dehydroxyepigallocatechin represented by the following formula (ii) and 4'-dehydroxyampelopsin represented by the following formula (iii), respectively.
目的産生物は、培養終了後の培地から適宜精製を行うことができる。目的生産物の精製に当たっては、目的生産物が培養液中で不溶性の場合には、有機溶媒(例えば、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、DMSO等)、包接化合物(例えば、α,β,γ-シクロデキストリン及び/又はその誘導体)、及び/又は乳化剤(カチオン性界面活性剤、アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤)等の添加による可溶化;エステル系溶媒(例えば酢酸エチル等)、芳香族系溶媒(例えばトルエン等)、エーテル系溶媒、炭化水素類(例えばヘキサン等)等の有機溶媒による抽出;遠心分離又は膜分離を利用した不溶成分と可溶成分との分離・濃縮;塩析;結晶化;クロマトグラフィー(例えば、ゲルろ過、疎水性クロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー等)を適宜組み合わせることができる。 The target product can be appropriately purified from the medium after the culture is completed. When the target product is insoluble in the culture medium, the following methods can be used to purify the target product: solubilization by adding organic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMSO, etc.), inclusion compounds (e.g., α,β,γ-cyclodextrin and/or its derivatives), and/or emulsifiers (cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants), etc.; extraction with organic solvents such as ester solvents (e.g., ethyl acetate, etc.), aromatic solvents (e.g., toluene, etc.), ether solvents, and hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane, etc.); separation and concentration of insoluble and soluble components using centrifugation or membrane separation; salting out; crystallization; and chromatography (e.g., gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, etc.).
このようにして精製された目的産生物は、必要に応じて、凍結乾燥、真空乾燥、スプレードライ等により粉末化することができる。 The target product thus purified can be powdered by freeze-drying, vacuum drying, spray drying, etc., if necessary.
2.飲食品の製造方法及び食品添加物の製造方法
本開示は、上記の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを飲食品の原料に配合する工程を含む、飲食品又は食品添加物の製造方法も提供する。
2. Method for Producing Food or Beverage, and Method for Producing Food Additive The present disclosure also provides a method for producing a food or beverage , or a food additive, comprising the step of producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the above-described production method, and a step of blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group with a raw material for the food or beverage.
3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイド(以下において、「機能性成分」とも記載する)を製造する工程については、上記「3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法」で述べた通りである。 The process for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group (hereinafter also referred to as a "functional ingredient") is as described above in "Method for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group."
飲食品又は食品添加物の原料としては、通常の飲食品又は食品添加物の原料として用いられる材料を特に限定されることなく用いることができる。例えば、当該原料としては、水、タンパク質、炭水化物、脂質、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、果汁、添加物等が挙げられる。 As ingredients for food and beverages or food additives, any ingredients that are normally used as ingredients for food and beverages or food additives can be used without any particular limitations. Examples of such ingredients include water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fruit juice, additives, etc.
タンパク質としては、例えば、全脂粉乳、脱脂粉乳、部分脱脂粉乳、カゼイン、大豆タンパク質、鶏卵タンパク質、肉タンパク質等の動植物性タンパク質、及びこれらの加水分解物等が挙げられる。炭水化物としては、穀物、穀物粉、食物繊維等が挙げられる。脂質としては、例えば、ラード、バター等の動物性油脂、サフラワー油、コーン油、ナタネ油、ヤシ油、及びこれらの分別油、水素添加油、エステル交換油等の植物性油脂等が挙げられる。ビタミン類としては、例えば、ビタミンA、カロチン類、ビタミンB群、ビタミンC、ビタミンD群、ビタミンE、ビタミンK群、ビタミンP、ビタミンQ、ナイアシン、ニコチン酸、パントテン酸、ビオチン、イノシトール、コリン、葉酸等が挙げられる。ミネラル類としては、例えば、カルシウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、ナトリウム、銅、鉄、マンガン、亜鉛、セレン、乳清ミネラル等が挙げられる。添加物としては、食品衛生学的に許容されうるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、異性化液糖、アスパルテーム、ステビア等の甘味料;クエン酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、酒石酸等の酸味料;パニリン等の矯味剤;澱粉、加工澱粉(例えば、デキストリン、可溶性澱粉、ブリティッシュスターチ、酸化澱粉、澱粉エステル、澱粉エーテル等)等の賦形剤;結合剤、香料、着色料、緩衝剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、安定剤、保存剤、酸化防止剤、乳化剤、分散剤、懸濁化剤、防腐剤等が挙げられる。これらの材料は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。 Examples of proteins include animal and vegetable proteins such as whole milk powder, skim milk powder, partially skim milk powder, casein, soy protein, egg protein, and meat protein, as well as hydrolysates thereof. Examples of carbohydrates include grains, grain flour, and dietary fiber. Examples of lipids include animal fats and oils such as lard and butter, and vegetable fats and oils such as safflower oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, and coconut oil, as well as fractionated oils, hydrogenated oils, and interesterified oils thereof. Examples of vitamins include vitamin A, carotenes, vitamin B group, vitamin C, vitamin D group, vitamin E, vitamin K group, vitamin P, vitamin Q, niacin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, inositol, choline, and folic acid. Examples of minerals include calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and whey minerals. The additives are not particularly limited as long as they are food hygienically acceptable, and examples thereof include sweeteners such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, isomerized liquid sugar, aspartame, and stevia; acidulants such as citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid; flavorings such as vanillin; excipients such as starch and processed starch (e.g., dextrin, soluble starch, British starch, oxidized starch, starch esters, and starch ethers); binders, flavorings, colorants, buffers, thickeners, gelling agents, stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, dispersants, suspending agents, and preservatives. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイド(機能性成分)を飲食品の原料を配合するにあたっては、通常の飲食品又は食品添加物を製造する任意の工程において、当該機能性成分を配合すればよい。 When adding a flavonoid (functional ingredient) having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group to a food or beverage ingredient, the functional ingredient can be added during any process in the production of regular food or beverage products or food additives.
また、飲食品の全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量は、特に制限されないが、当該飲食品を摂取した場合に当該機能性成分による所望の効果を得ることできる含有量であることが好ましい。食品全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量の具体例としては、当該機能性成分の種類及び所望する効果にもよるが、好ましくは0.001~80重量%、より好ましくは0.01~50重量%、更に好ましくは0.1~25重量%が挙げられる。 The content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the food or drink is not particularly limited, but is preferably a content that allows the desired effect of the functional ingredient to be obtained when the food or drink is ingested. Specific examples of the content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the food, depending on the type of functional ingredient and the desired effect, are preferably 0.001 to 80% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 50% by weight, and even more preferably 0.1 to 25% by weight.
食品添加物の全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量は、特に制限されないが、飲食品に添加された場合に、その飲食が当該機能性成分による所望の効果を得ることできる含有量であることが好ましい。食品添加物の全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量の具体例としては、当該機能性成分の種類及び所望する効果にもよるが、好ましくは例えば0.01~95重量%、より好ましくは0.1~80重量%、更に好ましくは1~50重量%が挙げられる。 The content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the food additive is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the content is such that when added to a food or drink, the food or drink can obtain the desired effect of the functional ingredient. Specific examples of the content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the food additive vary depending on the type of functional ingredient and the desired effect, but are preferably, for example, 0.01 to 95% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 80% by weight, and even more preferably 1 to 50% by weight.
飲食品の形態としては、調理飲食品、錠剤、丸剤、粉末剤、顆粒剤、ハードカプセル、ソフトカプセル、ゼリー剤、各種飲料(清涼飲料、炭酸飲料、美容ドリンク、栄養飲料、果実飲料、乳飲料など)並びに当該飲料の濃縮原液及び用時調整用粉末、油脂及び油脂加工食品、調味料等が挙げられる。食品添加物の形態としては、液剤、粉剤、顆粒剤、ゼリー剤等が挙げられる。 The forms of food and drink include prepared foods and drink, tablets, pills, powders, granules, hard capsules, soft capsules, jellies, various beverages (soft drinks, carbonated drinks, beauty drinks, nutritional drinks, fruit drinks, milk drinks, etc.), as well as concentrated concentrates of such beverages and powders for reconstitution when used, oils and fats, processed oils and fats, seasonings, etc. The forms of food additives include liquids, powders, granules, jellies, etc.
飲食品の用途としては、特別用途食品、特定保健用食品、栄養機能食品、機能性食品、栄養補助食品、健康補助食品、栄養強化食品、栄養調整食品、サプリメント等が挙げられる。食品添加物の用途としては、前記用途の飲食品に添加する機能性素材が挙げられる。 Uses of food and beverages include foods for special dietary uses, foods for specified health uses, foods with nutritional function claims, functional foods, nutritional supplements, health supplements, nutritionally enhanced foods, nutritionally adjusted foods, and supplements. Uses of food additives include functional ingredients added to foods and beverages for the above-mentioned uses.
製造された飲食品又は食品添加物は、適宜、瓶、袋、缶、箱、プラスチックバッグ等の容器に封入されることができる。 The produced food, beverage, or food additive can be appropriately packaged in a container such as a bottle, bag, can, box, or plastic bag.
3.化粧品の製造方法
本開示は、上記の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを化粧品の原料に配合する工程を含む、化粧品の製造方法も提供する。
3. Manufacturing Method of Cosmetics The present disclosure also provides a manufacturing method of cosmetics, comprising the steps of manufacturing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the above manufacturing method, and blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group into a raw material of the cosmetics.
3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイド(以下において、「機能性成分」とも記載する)を製造する工程については、上記「3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法」で述べた通りである。 The process for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group (hereinafter also referred to as a "functional ingredient") is as described above in "Method for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group."
化粧品の原料としては、通常の化粧品に用いられる美容成分、所望の製剤形態にするための添加剤等が挙げられる。 Cosmetic raw materials include beauty ingredients used in regular cosmetics, additives used to create the desired formulation, etc.
美容成分としては、皮膚保護剤(コロジオン、ヒマシ油等)、血行促進剤(ノニル酸ワニリルアミド、ニコチン酸ベンジルエステル、カプサイシン、トウガラシエキス等)、清涼化剤(メントール、カンフル等)、ビタミン類(ビタミンA、B、D等)、ムコ多糖類(コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム、グルコサミン、ヒアルロン酸及びその塩等)、湿潤剤(dl-ピロリドンカルボン酸ナトリウム液、D-ソルビトール液、マクロゴール等)、植物抽出物等が挙げられる。添加剤としては、水性基剤、油性基剤、賦形剤、増粘剤、粘着剤、崩壊剤、分散剤、滑沢剤、等張化剤、pH調節剤、界面活性剤、清涼化剤、紫外線吸収剤、キレート剤、緩衝剤、溶解補助剤、可溶化剤、着香剤、着色剤、防腐剤、安定化剤、酸化防止剤、保存剤等が挙げられる。 Examples of cosmetic ingredients include skin protectants (collodion, castor oil, etc.), blood circulation promoters (vanillylamide nonylate, benzyl nicotinate, capsaicin, chili pepper extract, etc.), cooling agents (menthol, camphor, etc.), vitamins (vitamins A, B, D, etc.), mucopolysaccharides (sodium chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and its salts, etc.), wetting agents (sodium dl-pyrrolidone carboxylate solution, D-sorbitol solution, macrogol, etc.), plant extracts, etc. Examples of additives include aqueous bases, oily bases, excipients, thickeners, adhesives, disintegrants, dispersants, lubricants, isotonicity agents, pH regulators, surfactants, cooling agents, UV absorbers, chelating agents, buffers, dissolution aids, solubilizers, flavoring agents, colorants, preservatives, stabilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, etc.
化粧品の全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量は、特に制限されないが、当該化粧品を外用した場合に当該機能性成分による所望の効果を得ることできる含有量であることが好ましい。化粧品全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量の具体例としては、当該機能性成分の種類及び所望する効果にもよるが、例えば0.001~80重量%、好ましくは0.01~10重量%、より好ましくは0.1~5重量%が挙げられる。 The content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the cosmetic product is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the content be such that the desired effect of the functional ingredient can be obtained when the cosmetic product is applied externally. Specific examples of the content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the cosmetic product include, for example, 0.001 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, depending on the type of functional ingredient and the desired effect.
化粧品の製剤形態としては、固体状、ゲル状、液状、エアゾール等が挙げられる。また、化粧品の製剤形態は乳化製剤及び非乳化製剤のいずれであってもよい。 The formulation of the cosmetic product may be in the form of a solid, gel, liquid, aerosol, etc. Furthermore, the formulation of the cosmetic product may be either an emulsion formulation or a non-emulsion formulation.
化粧品の用途としては、クリーム剤、ローション剤、ジェル剤、乳液剤、液剤、貼付剤、エアゾール剤、軟膏剤、パック剤等の整肌料;石鹸、ボディーシャンプー、洗顔料等の皮膚洗浄料;ヘアシャンプー、リンス、コンディショナー等の毛髪化粧料が挙げられる。 Cosmetic applications include skin conditioning products such as creams, lotions, gels, emulsions, liquids, patches, aerosols, ointments, and packs; skin cleansers such as soaps, body shampoos, and facial cleansers; and hair cosmetics such as hair shampoos, rinses, and conditioners.
製造された化粧品は、適宜、瓶、袋、缶、プラスチック容器、ラミネートチューブ等の容器に封入されることができる。 The manufactured cosmetics can be appropriately packaged in containers such as bottles, bags, cans, plastic containers, laminated tubes, etc.
4.医薬品又は医薬部外品の製造方法
本開示は、上記の製造方法により3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを製造する工程、及び前記3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドを医薬品又は医薬部外品の原料に配合する工程を含む、医薬品又は医薬部外品の製造方法も提供する。
4. Manufacturing method of a drug or quasi-drug The present disclosure also provides a manufacturing method of a drug or quasi-drug, the method including a step of manufacturing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group by the above-mentioned manufacturing method, and a step of blending the flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group with a raw material of the drug or quasi-drug.
3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイド(以下において、「機能性成分」とも記載する)を製造する工程については、上記「3’,5’-ジヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドの製造方法」で述べた通りである。 The process for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group (hereinafter also referred to as a "functional ingredient") is as described above in "Method for producing a flavonoid having a 3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl group."
医薬品又は医薬部外品の原料としては、通常の医薬品又は医薬部外品に用いられる薬理成分、所望の製剤形態にするための添加剤等が挙げられる。 Raw materials for pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs include pharmacological ingredients used in regular pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs, and additives used to create the desired formulation.
薬理成分としては、抗ヒスタミン剤、局所麻酔剤、抗炎症剤、殺菌剤、皮膚保護剤、血行促進剤、清涼化剤、ビタミン類、ムコ多糖類、湿潤剤、植物抽出物等が挙げられる。添加剤としては、水性基剤、油性基剤、賦形剤、増粘剤、粘着剤、崩壊剤、分散剤、滑沢剤、等張化剤、pH調節剤、界面活性剤、清涼化剤、紫外線吸収剤、キレート剤、緩衝剤、溶解補助剤、可溶化剤、着香剤、着色剤、防腐剤、安定化剤、酸化防止剤、保存剤等が挙げられる。 Pharmacological ingredients include antihistamines, local anesthetics, anti-inflammatory agents, bactericides, skin protectants, blood circulation promoters, cooling agents, vitamins, mucopolysaccharides, humectants, plant extracts, etc. Additives include aqueous bases, oily bases, excipients, thickeners, adhesives, disintegrants, dispersants, lubricants, isotonicity agents, pH regulators, surfactants, cooling agents, UV absorbers, chelating agents, buffers, dissolution aids, solubilizers, flavoring agents, colorants, preservatives, stabilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, etc.
医薬品又は医薬部外品の全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量は、特に制限されないが、当該医薬品又は医薬部外品を外用又は内用した場合に当該機能性成分による所望の効果を得ることできる含有量であることが好ましい。医薬品又は医薬部外品全量に対する当該機能性成分の含有量の具体例としては、当該機能性成分の種類及び所望する効果にもよるが、例えば0.001~80重量%、好ましくは0.01~10重量%、より好ましくは0.1~5重量%が挙げられる。 The content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the drug or quasi-drug is not particularly limited, but is preferably a content that allows the desired effect of the functional ingredient to be obtained when the drug or quasi-drug is used externally or internally. Specific examples of the content of the functional ingredient relative to the total amount of the drug or quasi-drug include, for example, 0.001 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, depending on the type of functional ingredient and the desired effect.
医薬品又は医薬部外品の製剤形態としては、固体状、ゲル状、液状、エアゾール等が挙げられる。また、化粧品の製剤形態は乳化製剤及び非乳化製剤のいずれであってもよい。 The formulation form of pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs may be a solid, gel, liquid, aerosol, etc. Furthermore, the formulation form of cosmetics may be either an emulsion formulation or a non-emulsion formulation.
医薬品又は医薬部外品の用途としては、外用の場合、クリーム剤、ローション剤、ジェル剤、乳液剤、液剤、貼付剤、エアゾール剤、軟膏剤、パック剤等が挙げられ、内用の場合、錠剤、丸剤、粉末剤、顆粒剤、ハードカプセル、ソフトカプセル、ゼリー剤、飲料剤等が挙げられる。 Uses of pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs include, for external use, creams, lotions, gels, emulsions, liquids, patches, aerosols, ointments, packs, etc., and for internal use, tablets, pills, powders, granules, hard capsules, soft capsules, jellies, beverages, etc.
製造された医薬品又は医薬部外品は、適宜、瓶、袋、缶、プラスチック容器、ラミネートチューブ等の容器に封入されることができる。 The manufactured pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs can be appropriately packaged in containers such as bottles, bags, cans, plastic containers, laminated tubes, etc.
本明細書に開示された各々の態様は、本明細書に開示された他のいかなる特徴とも組み合わせることができる。 Each aspect disclosed herein may be combined with any other feature disclosed herein.
以下に実施例を示して本発明をより具体的に説明するが、各実施形態における各構成及びそれらの組み合わせ等は、一例であって、本発明の主旨から逸脱しない範囲内で、適宜、構成の付加、省略、置換、及びその他の変更が可能である。本開示は、実施形態によって限定されることはなく、クレームの範囲によってのみ限定される。 The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. However, the configurations and combinations thereof in each embodiment are merely examples, and additions, omissions, substitutions, and other modifications of the configurations are possible as appropriate within the scope of the present invention. The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments, but is limited only by the scope of the claims.
[試験例1]
[1]エピガロカテキンの調製
エピガロカテキンガレート(太陽化学製サンフェノン90LB-OP)10g/L、タンナーゼ(天野エンザイム製)0.36g/L、及び20mMリン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)を含む反応液を40℃、一晩反応させ、エピガロカテキンを収率95%で得た。
[Test Example 1]
[1] Preparation of epigallocatechin A reaction solution containing 10 g/L epigallocatechin gallate (Sunphenon 90LB-OP manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), 0.36 g/L tannase (manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.), and 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) was reacted at 40° C. overnight to obtain epigallocatechin in a yield of 95%.
[2]スクリーニング
エピガロカテキン1.5g/Lを含む変法GAMブイヨン培地(液体、1L中:ペプトン5.0g、ダイズペプトン3.0g、プロテオーゼペプトン5.0g、消化血清末10.0g、酵母エキス2.5g、肉エキス2.2g、肝臓エキス1.2g、ブドウ糖0.5g、溶性デンプン5.0g、L-トリプトファン0.2g、L-システイン塩酸塩0.3g、チオグリコール酸ナトリウム0.3g、L-アルギニン1.0g、ビタミンK1 5mg、ヘミン10mg、リン酸二水素カリウム2.5g、塩化ナトリウム3.0g;日水製薬株式会社)5.0mLを含むブチルゴム栓付き試験管に微生物を植菌し、混合ガス(H2/CO2/N2=10/10/80(体積比))で気相を置換した後、37℃、200spmで、6-7日間振盪培養した。なお、気相の圧力制御は行わなかった。培養終了後、培養液をメタノールで20倍希釈し、以下の条件でHPLC分析した。
[2] Screening: The microorganism was inoculated into a test tube with a butyl rubber stopper containing 5.0 mL of modified GAM bouillon medium containing 1.5 g/L epigallocatechin (liquid, per 1 L: 5.0 g peptone, 3.0 g soybean peptone, 5.0 g proteose peptone, 10.0 g digested serum powder, 2.5 g yeast extract, 2.2 g meat extract, 1.2 g liver extract, 0.5 g glucose, 5.0 g soluble starch, 0.2 g L-tryptophan, 0.3 g L-cysteine hydrochloride, 0.3 g sodium thioglycolate, 1.0 g L-arginine, 5 mg vitamin K1, 10 mg hemin, 2.5 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3.0 g sodium chloride; Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) . After the gas phase was replaced with a 10/10/80 (volume ratio) mixture, the mixture was cultured with shaking at 37°C and 200 spm for 6-7 days. The gas phase pressure was not controlled. After the culture was completed, the culture solution was diluted 20-fold with methanol and analyzed by HPLC under the following conditions.
(HPLC条件)
カラム: CAPCELLPACK C18 MG(4.6mmx25cm,5μm)
溶離液A:H2O/アセトニトリル/酢酸(100/2.5/0.1(体積比))
溶離液B:H2O/アセトニトリル/メタノール/酢酸(50/2.5/50/0.1(体積比))
勾配条件:0-2分(0%溶離液B)→25分(100%溶離液B)リニアグラジエント
カラム温度:40℃
流速:1.0mL/分
検出:UV(270nm)
(HPLC conditions)
Column: CAPCELLPACK C18 MG (4.6 mm x 25 cm, 5 μm)
Eluent A: H2O /acetonitrile/acetic acid (100/2.5/0.1 (volume ratio))
Eluent B: H2O /acetonitrile/methanol/acetic acid (50/2.5/50/0.1 (volume ratio))
Gradient conditions: 0-2 min (0% eluent B) → 25 min (100% eluent B) linear gradient Column temperature: 40°C
Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min Detection: UV (270 nm)
HPLCにおける保持時間18.1分である化合物(ii)及び保持時間17.8分である化合物(ii')の少なくともいずれかを生成した微生物、培養日数、並びに、化合物(ii)及び/又は化合物(ii')のHPLCでのピーク面積(産生量)を以下に示す。 The microorganisms that produced at least one of compound (ii) having a retention time of 18.1 minutes in HPLC and compound (ii') having a retention time of 17.8 minutes, the number of days of culture, and the peak areas (amounts produced) of compound (ii) and/or compound (ii') in HPLC are shown below.
表1から明らかなとおり、アドレクレウチア・エクオールファシエンス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens)、エガセラ・レンタ(Eggerthella lenta)、エガセラ・シネンシス(Eggerthella sinensis)、エガセラ(Eggerthella)・spについては、化合物(ii)を産生せず、化合物(ii')のみを産生したか、又は、わずかな化合物(ii)を産生したのみで、産生物のほとんどが化合物(ii')であったが、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス(Adlercreutzia caecimuris)及びセネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア(Senegalimassilia anaerobia)については、化合物(ii')を産生せず、化合物(ii)のみを産生した。 As is clear from Table 1, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, Eggerthella lenta, Eggerthella sinensis, and Eggerthella sp. did not produce compound (ii), but only produced compound (ii'), or produced only a small amount of compound (ii), with most of the product being compound (ii'). However, Adlercreutzia caecimuris and Senegalimassilia anaerobia did not produce compound (ii'), but only produced compound (ii).
[3]化合物(ii)の同定
セネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア(Senegalimassilia anaerobia)DSM25959株を用い、培養液量50mL×2本中で、培養時間を5日間としたことを除いて上記[2]と同じ培養条件で培養を行った。培養終了液100mLから化合物(ii)を酢酸エチル100mLで抽出し、蒸発乾固した後、メタノール5mLで溶解し、分取用カラム(内径10mmx15cm)で化合物(ii)に相当するピークを分取した。分取画分をエバポレータにより濃縮後、酢酸エチルで希釈し、以下の条件でLC-MS分析を行った。
[3] Identification of compound (ii) Senegalimassilia anaerobia DSM25959 strain was used, and cultured under the same culture conditions as in [2] above, except that the culture time was 5 days in 2 tubes of 50 mL culture solution. Compound (ii) was extracted from 100 mL of the cultured solution with 100 mL of ethyl acetate, evaporated to dryness, dissolved in 5 mL of methanol, and the peak corresponding to compound (ii) was separated using a separation column (inner diameter 10 mm x 15 cm). The separated fraction was concentrated using an evaporator, diluted with ethyl acetate, and subjected to LC-MS analysis under the following conditions.
(HPLC条件)
カラム:CAPCELLPACK C18 MG(4.6mmx25cm,5μm)
溶離液A:H2O/アセトニトリル/酢酸(100/2.5/0.1(体積比))
溶離液B:H2O/アセトニトリル/メタノール/酢酸(50/2.5/50/0.1(体積比))
勾配条件:0-2分(0%溶離液B)→25分(100%溶離液B)リニアグラジエント
カラム温度:40℃
流速:1.0mL/min
検出:UV(230nm)
(MS条件)
装置:Waters(LC-QTOF/MS XevoG2-XS)
流速:0.4mL/分
モード:Resolution
・ES-positive
キャピラリー電極:3.0kV
コーン温度:100℃
・ES-negative
キャピラリー電極:2.5kV
コーン温度:100℃
(HPLC conditions)
Column: CAPCELLPACK C18 MG (4.6 mm x 25 cm, 5 μm)
Eluent A: H2O /acetonitrile/acetic acid (100/2.5/0.1 (volume ratio))
Eluent B: H2O /acetonitrile/methanol/acetic acid (50/2.5/50/0.1 (volume ratio))
Gradient conditions: 0-2 min (0% eluent B) → 25 min (100% eluent B) linear gradient Column temperature: 40°C
Flow rate: 1.0mL/min
Detection: UV (230 nm)
(MS conditions)
Equipment: Waters (LC-QTOF/MS XevoG2-XS)
Flow rate: 0.4 mL/min Mode: Resolution
・ES-positive
Capillary electrode: 3.0 kV
Cone temperature: 100°C
・ES-negative
Capillary electrode: 2.5 kV
Cone temperature: 100°C
LC-MS解析の結果、化合物(ii)に該当する保持時間18.4分の画分が、Negativeモードでm/z289.0707[M-H]-にピークを示したことから、分子量290であることを確認した。 As a result of LC-MS analysis, the fraction with a retention time of 18.4 minutes corresponding to compound (ii) showed a peak at m/z 289.0707 [M−H] − in negative mode, confirming that the molecular weight was 290.
さらに、化合物(ii)について、重メタノール(CD3OD)を溶媒に用い、核磁気共鳴装置(400MHz、Bruker社製)を用いた1H-NMRスペクトルを測定した。以下に、1H-NMR測定結果を示す。
δ6.451(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ6.450(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ6.193(t, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ5.933(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ5.919(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ4.566(s, 1H), δ4.211(m, 1H), δ2.859(dd, J = 16.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H), δ2.730(dd, J = 16.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H)
Furthermore, the 1 H-NMR spectrum of compound (ii) was measured using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (400 MHz, manufactured by Bruker) using deuterated methanol (CD 3 OD) as a solvent. The results of the 1 H-NMR measurement are shown below.
δ6.451(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ6.450(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ6.193(t, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ5.933(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ5.919(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), δ4 .566(s, 1H), δ4.211(m, 1H), δ2.859(dd, J = 16.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H), δ2.730(dd, J = 16.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H)
以上の分析結果より、化合物(ii)は、C環の開環を伴わずに4’-脱水酸化された、4’-デヒドロキシエピガロカテキン(下記式)であると決定した。 Based on the above analytical results, compound (ii) was determined to be 4'-dehydroxyepigallocatechin (formula below), which has been 4'-dehydroxylated without ring-opening of the C ring.
[4]化合物(ii’)の同定
アドレクレウチア・エクオールファシエンス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens)DSM19450株を用い、上記[2]の条件で、培養液量5mLで5日間培養した。培養終了液をメタノールで20倍希釈し、化合物(ii’)に該当する画分について上記[3]の条件にてLC-MS分析を行った。
[4] Identification of Compound (ii') Adlercreutzia equolifaciens DSM19450 strain was cultured for 5 days in a culture solution volume of 5 mL under the conditions of [2] above. After completion of the culture, the solution was diluted 20-fold with methanol, and the fraction corresponding to compound (ii') was subjected to LC-MS analysis under the conditions of [3] above.
LC-MS解析の結果、化合物(ii’)は、Negativeモードでm/z291.0862[M-H]-にピークを示したことから分子量292であることを確認した。 As a result of LC-MS analysis, compound (ii') was confirmed to have a molecular weight of 292, since it showed a peak at m/z 291.0862 [M−H] − in negative mode.
また、上記[3]と同様にして1H-NMRスペクトルを測定した結果、フェノール性水酸基のプロトンとメチレン基のプロトンとがさらに出現したことを確認した。 Furthermore, the 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured in the same manner as in [3] above, and it was confirmed that a proton of a phenolic hydroxyl group and a proton of a methylene group also appeared.
以上の分析結果より、化合物(ii’)は、C環の開環を伴って4’-脱水酸化された、3-(3’,5’ジヒドロキシフェニル)-2-ヒドロキシー1-(2,4,6-トリフェニル)-プロパン(下記式)であると決定した。 Based on the above analytical results, compound (ii') was determined to be 3-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-(2,4,6-triphenyl)-propane (formula below), which has been 4'-dehydroxylated with ring C opening.
以上の結果から、腸内細菌によるエピガロカテキンの代謝経路の1つが以下であり、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス(Adlercreutzia caecimuris)及びセネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア(Senegalimassilia anaerobia)が、特異的に、C環の開環を伴わずに選択的に4’-脱水酸化された、4’-デヒドロキシエピガロカテキン(化合物(ii))を産生することが分かった。 The above results indicate that one of the metabolic pathways of epigallocatechin by intestinal bacteria is as follows, and that Adlercreutzia caecimuris and Senegalimassilia anaerobia specifically produce 4'-dehydroxyepigallocatechin (compound (ii)), which is selectively 4'-dehydroxylated without opening the C ring.
[試験例2]
アンペロプシン0.1g/Lを含む変法GAM培地に、アドレクレウチア・カエシムリス(Adlercreutzia caecimuris)DSM21839株又はセネガリマッシリア・アナエロビア(Senegalimassilia anaerobia)DSM25959株を植菌し、培養時間を24時間としたことを除いて試験例1と同じ培養条件で培養を行った。培養終了後、培養液に2倍容のメタノールを添加し、ろ過した上清を以下の条件でLC-MS分析した。
[Test Example 2]
Adlercreutzia caecimuris DSM21839 strain or Senegalimassilia anaerobia DSM25959 strain was inoculated into modified GAM medium containing 0.1 g/L ampelopsin , and cultured under the same culture conditions as in Test Example 1, except that the culture time was 24 hours. After the culture was completed, a double volume of methanol was added to the culture solution, and the filtered supernatant was subjected to LC-MS analysis under the following conditions.
(HPLC条件)
カラム:CAPCELLPACK C18 MG(4.6mmx25cm,5μm)
溶離液A:H2O/アセトニトリル/メタノール/酢酸(90/2.5/10/0.5(体積比))
溶離液B:H2O/アセトニトリル/メタノール/酢酸(40/2.5/60/0.5(体積比))
勾配条件:0-2分(0%溶離液B)→20分(100%溶離液B)リニアグラジエント
カラム温度:40℃
流速:1.0mL/min
検出:UV(230nm)
(MS条件)
装置:Waters(LC-QTOF/MS XevoG2-XS)
流速:0.4mL/分
モード:Resolution
・ES-positive
キャピラリー電極:3.0kV
コーン温度:100℃
・ES-negative
キャピラリー電極:2.5kV
コーン温度:100℃
(HPLC conditions)
Column: CAPCELLPACK C18 MG (4.6 mm x 25 cm, 5 μm)
Eluent A: H2O /acetonitrile/methanol/acetic acid (90/2.5/10/0.5 (volume ratio))
Eluent B: H2O /acetonitrile/methanol/acetic acid (40/2.5/60/0.5 (volume ratio))
Gradient conditions: 0-2 min (0% eluent B) → 20 min (100% eluent B) linear gradient Column temperature: 40°C
Flow rate: 1.0mL/min
Detection: UV (230 nm)
(MS conditions)
Equipment: Waters (LC-QTOF/MS XevoG2-XS)
Flow rate: 0.4 mL/min Mode: Resolution
・ES-positive
Capillary electrode: 3.0 kV
Cone temperature: 100°C
・ES-negative
Capillary electrode: 2.5 kV
Cone temperature: 100°C
いずれの微生物を用いた培養液からも、保持時間15.3分の代謝物が生成した。LC-MS解析の結果、この代謝物が、Negativeモードでm/z303.0500[M-H]-にピークを示したことから、分子量304であることを確認した。 A metabolite with a retention time of 15.3 minutes was produced from the culture medium using any of the microorganisms. As a result of LC-MS analysis, this metabolite showed a peak at m/z 303.0500 [M−H] − in negative mode, confirming that it had a molecular weight of 304.
さらに、同条件にて培養を行った培養終了液250mLより代謝物を酢酸エチル250mLで抽出し、蒸発乾固した後、メタノール5mLで溶解し、分取用カラム(内径10mmx15cm)で当該代謝物に該当するピークを分取した。分取した代謝物について、重DMSO((CD3)2SO))を溶媒に用い、核磁気共鳴装置(400MHz、Bruker社製)を用いた1H-NMRスペクトルを測定した。以下に、1H-NMR測定結果を示す。
δ11.879(br-s, 1H),δ6.327(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), δ6.199(t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ5.871(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ5.842(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ4.959(d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), δ4.407(d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H)
Furthermore, metabolites were extracted from 250 mL of the cultured solution after culturing under the same conditions with 250 mL of ethyl acetate, evaporated to dryness, dissolved in 5 mL of methanol, and the peaks corresponding to the metabolites were separated using a separation column (inner diameter 10 mm x 15 cm). The 1 H-NMR spectrum of the separated metabolites was measured using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (400 MHz, Bruker) using deuterated DMSO ((CD 3 ) 2 SO)) as a solvent. The 1 H-NMR measurement results are shown below.
δ11.879(br-s, 1H), δ6.327(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), δ6.199(t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ5.871(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ5.842(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), δ4.959(d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), δ4.407(d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H)
分析の結果、代謝物は、C環の開環を伴わずに選択的に4’-脱水酸化された、4’-デヒドロキシアンペロプシン(下記式)であると決定した。 As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the metabolite was 4'-dehydroxyampelopsin (formula below), which was selectively 4'-dehydroxylated without C-ring opening.
Claims (10)
前記C環及び3',4',5'-トリヒドロキシフェニル基を有するフラボノイドが、下記式(I):
The flavonoid having a C ring and a 3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl group is represented by the following formula (I):
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